WO2014102266A1 - Shuttering kit for constructing a wall with integration of the kit, and method for constructing a wall using such a kit - Google Patents

Abstract

This shuttering kit comprises a plurality of panels (70), each panel being made from a mineral material and defining, in the thickness of same, at least one cavity (77), which links together two opposing edges of the panel and which opens on each of said two edges, forming an opening, said panels being separable from each other and being designed for forming at least three partitions (P1, P2, P3) of the wall, the panels of each of these three partitions being arranged, by juxtapositioning the edges thereof, in a same plane; and a plurality of spacers (80; 90), each spacer being separable from the panels and including at least two assembly parts, which are linked rigidly to each other by a connecting part of the spacer and which are each designed to engage, by interlocking, with each opening of the or each cavity of each panel, being at least accommodated inside the cavity. The at least two assembly parts of each spacer are respectively designed to thus engage with one or a plurality of the panels forming at least two of the three partitions of the wall, such that the three partitions are held securely in position by the spacers, with interposition of a first shuttering space of at least one filling material between a first and a second of the three partitions and with interposition of a second shuttering space of at least one filling material between the second and third partitions.

Description

 BINDING KIT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL WITH INTEGRATION OF THE KIT, AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A WALL USING SUCH A KIT

The present invention relates to a bunching kit for the construction of a wall with integration of the kit. It also relates to a method of constructing a wall, in which such a kit is used.

 The field of the invention is that of the building, typically the residential building type house or small building, without this being limiting. More specifically, the invention is concerned with the construction of walls, including a bunching, that is to say a casting operation of a material constituting the wall, for example a concrete pour. To achieve this kind of bunching, a formwork for receiving the slab material is to be installed on the site of elevation of the wall, this formwork being often called banche. We distinguish the formwork according to whether they are cleared or not at the end of the construction of the wall: thus, when the formwork is left in place, it is described as lost or integrated, in the sense that the wall built integrates remains the formwork, which becomes a constituent part. The invention relates to this last type of construction.

 In this context, it is known to use boulder blocks, which are traditionally monolithic blocks, usually made of cement concrete, but also plastic or expanded polystyrene. Each block is partially hollow, with its internal free volume which opens up and down the block when the latter is in the configuration of use: in this way, after juxtaposing several blocks in horizontal rows superimposed, with offset of half a block from one row to another, the filling material is slotted inside the blocks, being introduced by the top row. As these blocks are monolithic, their storage, transport and handling are unsatisfactory because it involves storing, transporting and handling their internal free volume.

It has therefore been proposed in the past "deployable" blocks on site: each block incorporates one or more joints to bring or remove the opposite main walls of the block, so that by bringing these walls to the maximum, it reduces the free volume of the block to improve its storage, transportation and handling, while, by removing the aforementioned walls, it gives the block a traditional hollow configuration, such as that mentioned above, for the elevation of a wall. FR-A-2 939 815 and US-B-7 347 029 disclose examples of such bending blocks with hinged walls. In practice, this type of bancher blocks remains complex to handle, expensive to manufacture, and binding for the bunch in the sense that the presence of the joints inside the block induces resistance to the flow of the filling material and sometimes creates thermal bridges between the opposite main walls of the block.

 AU-A-2010 203 024 and US-A-2005/120659 propose kits for building a wall, which comprise individual panels arranged, by juxtaposition of their songs, to form two walls of the wall, fixedly held at a distance by spacers reported between these walls. A binder material is then introduced into the space between the two walls. In the case of AU-A-2010 203 024, the respective panels of the two walls are the same and have, in their face facing the bunk space, slots for receiving a complementary end portion of the spacers. In the case of US-A-2005/120659, the respective panels of the two walls are of different nature and have, in their horizontal edges, grooves or pockets, which are shallow and which receive a complementary end portion of the spacers. These kits are relatively complex to use and are necessarily limited to double-walled walls.

 DE-A-20 05 642, which may be regarded as the state of the art closest to the invention, proposes a concrete bunching kit comprising panels to be juxtaposed and spacers for holding the walls formed by the panels. This document envisages the construction of a wall with three walls, namely two side walls, which are formed of conventional insulating panels, typically polyester and whose edges are notched pockets or grooves, shallow and receiving parts complementary terminals of the spacers, and an intermediate wall, which is formed of "sophisticated" insulation panels, for example rigid polyurethane foam, and whose main faces are enclosed by a middle part "U" spacers. Because of the heterogeneity of the walls, this kit remains complex to use to build such a wall with three walls and the performance of such a wall thus constructed using this kit are limited.

 The object of the present invention is to provide a bunching system for the construction of a wall with three walls, which is both simpler and faster to use, more economical to manufacture and more efficient on the walls built by means of this system.

 To this end, the subject of the invention is a bunching kit for the construction of a wall with integration of the kit, as defined in claim 1.

 The invention also relates to a method of constructing a wall, as defined in claim 15.

Thus, one of the basic ideas of the invention is to "go out" of the traditional concept of bancher blocks, to propose a real kit, that is to say a set of spare parts, which are manufactured individually separately, which reduces their manufacturing cost, and then are transported from their place of manufacture to a construction site of a wall being always separated from each other, which allows to condition and store them by limiting as much as possible the loss of empty space. Then, on the actual construction site, these spare parts are assembled together to make, at least partially, a formwork for the construction of a wall with three walls, it being understood that the kit can also be used to raise a wall only two walls. According to the invention, this kit includes, as spare parts, individual panels and individual spacers: the panels are designed to be aligned both next to one another and one above the other, so to form three walls of the wall, each wall having a thickness equal to the individual thickness of the panels, while the spacers are designed to, by assembly to two of the three walls, or even to the three walls of the wall to be built, hold firmly in place and at a distance the walls relative to each other, typically substantially parallel to each other. A filler may then be slotted between the first and second walls and between the second and third walls, by embedding the spacers. The wall thus constructed incorporates the panels and the spacers of the kit that were used to make the formwork. The kit also makes corners, openings and spaces suitable for casting chaining elements.

 Advantageously, the spacers of the kit are provided to significantly limit the conduction of heat and / or cold in order to avoid thermal bridges between the walls of the wall built: to do this, they are preferably made of plastic or composite material, in particular by extrusion. However, other embodiments are possible, as detailed below.

According to the invention, the panels of the kit are made of mineral material, being noticed that is meant by a material consisting of stone, or terracotta, or a material based on hydraulic binder, including a material consisting of a hydraulic binder, aggregates and, where appropriate, at least one mineral or vegetable addition. A hydraulic binder is a material that takes and hardens by hydration, for example a cement or a plaster. The cement suitable for the material used according to the invention is preferably the cement described in accordance with European Standard NF EN 197-1 of February 2001. The cement which is suitable for the material used according to the invention may be of the CEM I, CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV or CEM V type. Optionally, the mineral material of the panels has a water-repellency property, resulting from its initial formulation and / or a dedicated treatment during its manufacture. In this way, even in the presence of thin panels, for example between 2 and 5 cm, the bunching operation can be implemented reliably and effectively, for example by introducing the filling material with, in some case, some pressure to ensure its distribution throughout the bunk space. In addition, the built wall, whose three walls integrate these panels of mineral material, presents thanks to them a certain mechanical strength, in other words a "minimum intrinsic strength", with, among other advantages, the possibility of offering a wide choice as regards the nature of the filling material: thus, in the case where the wall to be built is load bearing, preference will be given to the mechanical strength by choosing, at least for one of the two bunk spaces, a filling material such as a structural concrete, which meets for example the European standard NF EN-206-1 of April 2004, whereas, in the case where the wall to be built is not a carrier, it will be possible to privilege its insulation, in choosing as filling material for the two bunk spaces, lightweight concrete or foam concrete, or other materials known for their insulating properties, such as mineral wool, animal wool, straw, wadding, polyethylene, cellulose, especially in the form of blown cellulose beads, polyurethane, in particular foam, expanded polystyrene, especially beads, etc. Among lightweight concretes suitable as fillers, those comprising light aggregates are preferred. Light aggregates are generally artificial and made from mineral materials, which are used in particular for the manufacture of so-called "light" concrete. Light aggregates are defined in particular by the European standard NF EN 13055-1 of December 2002. These light aggregates are for example clays (expanded clays), schists (expanded schists) or silicates (vermiculite or perlite). Furthermore, it can be envisaged that the filling material of one and / or the other of the bunching spaces is composed of several materials arranged sequentially in time, by layer of material. In particular, concrete can thus be arranged to form one or more structural elements, such as a post and / or a beam, in at least one of the two bunk spaces, in particular the bunk space turned inwards of the wall, by subdividing in advance this bunk space by ad hoc means reported between the walls, if necessary by leaning against some of the spacers, the rest of the bunk space being left empty or filled with an insulating material, as mentioned above.

Another interest related to the mineral nature of the panels is that they are provided honeycombed, that is to say, provided, in their thickness, open cells, which cross the panel of a song of the latter to the opposite song and who, in practice, extend vertically. These cells leave integrates almost all or all of the two main faces of each panel, which ensures a good lateral closure of the bunching spaces. Such cells increase the insulation performance of the panels and are used for assembly between the panels and the spacers, the outlets of the cells receiving for this purpose complementary parts of the spacers. The assembly of the spacers to the walls formed of the panels of the kit is thus particularly simple, fast and efficient, various examples of spacers, in particular their assembly parts to the walls of the wall, being detailed below. The cooperation between the spacers and the panels, through these cells, is effective and resistant in the sense that, thanks to the mineral nature of the material of the panels, the attachment and / or the fitting of the assembly parts of the spacers in the outlets of the cells, more generally the mechanical engagement between these assembly parts of the spacers and the outlets of the cells, are not likely to significantly undermine the panels and thus ensure the proper closure of the bunk spaces. In addition, always in connection with their mineral material, the panels can, in a simple and economical way, present arrangements improving their ease of use and / or increasing the adaptability of the construction according to the destination of the wall to be built. Thus, one side of these panels, turned away from the bunk space, may be decorative or pre-arranged to be covered by a siding or the like, reported after the elevation of the wall. Furthermore, opposite edges of the panel may carry respective reliefs, male and female, which are complementary to allow, so to speak, to nest the respective songs opposite two adjacent panels, being also noted that this provision is compatible, or even potentially used, with the assembly of spacers, as detailed later in some of the examples. In all cases, the panels of the kit according to the invention are advantageously manuportables and the kit can be implemented by an individual to perform self-construction.

 Additional advantageous features of the kit according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

 The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the drawings in which:

 - Figure 1 is a perspective view of two spare parts belonging to a bunching kit according to the invention;

 FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of a bunk formwork manufactured using the kit of FIG. 1;

- Figure 3 is an elevational view along the arrow III of Figure 2; FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2, showing a larger part of the bunching formwork;

 - Figures 5 and 6 are views respectively similar to Figures 1 and 2, illustrating a first variant of the kit according to the invention;

 FIGS. 7 and 8 are respectively similar views to FIGS. 1 and 2, illustrating a second variant of the kit, according to the invention;

 - Figures 9 and 10 are views respectively similar to Figures 1 and 2, illustrating a third variant of the kit according to the invention;

 - Figure 1 1 is an elevational view along the arrow XI of Figure 10; and

 FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a wall being constructed by means of the kit of FIG. 9.

 In Figure 1 are shown two parts belonging to a kit according to the invention: it is a panel 10 and a spacer 20.

 The panel 10 is generally in the form of a parallelepiped having two dimensions significantly larger than its third dimension. As a preferred, but non-limiting example, the dimensions of the panel 10 are a length of 50 cm, a width of 25 cm, and a thickness of between 2 and 5 cm, preferably equal to 4 cm.

 Subsequently, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like are used in the configuration of use of the panel 10 to construct a wall extending in a vertical plane. Thus, in its use configuration, the length of the panel is horizontal and its width vertically.

 The panel 10 is made of a mineral material, being reminded that this expression covers the materials listed above in this document. As a preferred but nonlimiting example, the panel 10 is made of concrete, cast or vibrocompact. Typically, the panel has a mass of between 8 and 18 kg, or even between 8 and 14 kg, which qualifies the panel manuportable, it being understood that this is not limiting to the invention.

 The panel 10 has two opposite main vertical faces, namely a main face 1 1, which faces the reader in Figure 1, and an opposite face 12. The faces 1 1 and 12 are connected to one another by the four edges of the panel, respectively referenced 13, 14, 15 and 16.

The panel 10 is provided with through-cells, connecting the opposite edges upper 13 and lower 15, opening on each of them. Advantageously, the number of these cells is odd, so as to have one in the middle of the panel. Thus, five cells are provided for the panel 10 considered in the figures. On the 1, the outlet of the cells 17 on the edge 13 is referenced 17A. In the embodiment considered here, each cell 17 has an oblong cross section, with two large opposite sides which are substantially straight and which are parallel to the faces 1 1 and 12 of the panel.

 Also in the embodiment considered here, the opposite edges 13 and 15 are provided substantially plane, while the two other edges 14 and 16, opposite to each other, respectively have a male relief, protruding, and relief female, recessed, which are geometrically complementary to one another: by way of non-limiting example, the male relief of the edge 14 consists of a convex cylindrical surface portion, which runs over the entire width of the panel. In a manner known per se, other geometries of complementary reliefs, respectively male and female, can be envisaged for the edges 14 and 16 of the panel 10.

 The spacer 20 is, for its part, made of any material giving it sufficient mechanical strength to assemble the two-panel spacer 10, as explained below. That being said, as mentioned earlier in this document, the material of the spacer 20 is preferably chosen to limit thermal conduction in order to avoid thermal bridges: in this context, the spacer

20 is advantageously made of plastic or a plastic-based composite material, being preferably manufactured in one piece by extrusion. Of course, other methods of manufacturing the spacer are possible, as well as other materials.

 In the embodiment considered in FIG. 1, the spacer 20 consists of two assembly parts 21 and 22 and a connecting part 23 which rigidly connects the assembly parts 21 to each other. and 22. In the example considered, the connecting portion 23 consists of a horizontal flat plate. Similarly, the assembly part

21 comprises three flat plates 21 A, 21 B and 21 C: the horizontal plate 21 A extends in the rectilinear extension of the plate constituting the connecting portion 23, in the direction opposite to the assembly part 22, while the vertical plates 21 B and 21 C extend perpendicularly projecting from the plate 21 A, and the same lower side of this plate 21 A, so as to give, on the aforementioned side, a U-shaped profile to the part of assembly 21. The plates 21 B and 21 C therefore extend parallel to one another in respective geometrical planes to which is perpendicular the longitudinal direction of the connecting portion 23, and with a spacing in the aforementioned direction which is noted e in Figure 1. For reasons which will appear later, this spacing e is substantially equal to the material thickness of the panel 10, between the main face 1 1 or 12 of the panel 10 and the straight portion of the outlet 17A of the cells 17, the closest to this face 1 1 or 12.

 Still in the exemplary embodiment considered in FIG. 1, the assembly part 21 advantageously comprises two other plates 21 D and 21 E, which are respectively symmetrical with the plates 21B and 21C with respect to the plate 21A: otherwise said, considered as a whole, the assembly portion 21 has a profile in H. The interest of this provision will appear later.

 Still in the exemplary embodiment considered in FIG. 1, the assembly part 22 is identical to the assembly part 21, in the sense that these two assembly parts 21 and 22 are symmetrical to one of the other relative to a median vertical geometric plane of the connecting portion 23, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof.

As indicated above, the kit associated with Figure 1 comprises the panel 10 and the spacer 20. In practice, this kit comprises several panels 10, which are individually identical to each other while being distinct from each other , which is to say that the kit comprises a plurality of panels 10 separable from each other. Similarly, the kit comprises a plurality of spacers 20, which are identical to each other but which are distinct from each other, being separated from the panels 10, as is separated the spacer 20 of the panel 10 in Figure 1 . By means of this kit, a bunching formwork, shown in Figure 2, can be manufactured. For this purpose, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, two of the panels 10 are arranged next to each other, by juxtaposition of the edge 14 of one of these two panels to the edge 16 of the other panel, the male relief of the aforesaid song 14 cooperating by complementarity of forms with the female relief of the aforementioned song 16 to allow the junction of these two panels by interlocking, without the need for a mortar assembly between them: the two panels 10 form a first wall P1. Likewise, two more of the panels 10, among the plurality of panels 10 belonging to the kit, are juxtaposed with each other to form a second wall P2. And, in the same way, two other panels 10 form a third wall P3. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, within the binder casing, the three aforementioned walls P1, P2 and P3 are arranged parallel to one another at the same vertical height: in other words, the walls P1 and P3 are substantially symmetrical from each other with respect to the wall P2. Between the walls P1 and P2, more precisely between the faces 12 of the panels 10 of the wall P1 and the faces 11 of the wall panels P2, there is defined a free space, which is intended to receive a filling material by bunching and which has a horizontal dimension, taken between the surfaces 12 and 1 1 above, which is substantially equal to the longitudinal dimension of the connecting portion 23 of each spacer 20. Likewise, a free space of bunching is delimited between the faces 12 of the panels 10 of the wall P2 and the faces 1 1 of the panels 10 of the wall P3, in having the same horizontal dimension. By way of nonlimiting example, this horizontal dimension has a value of between 12 and 15 cm.

 In order to fix the walls P1, P2 and P3 in place relative to each other, the spacers 20 belonging to the kit are assembled to the panels 10 of these walls. In the exemplary embodiment considered in FIGS. 2 and 3, seven spacers 20 are thus used, four of them being used to assemble the walls P1 and P2, while the other three are used to assemble the walls P2 and P3. . For each of these spacers 20, the assembly is functionally identical: the assembly part 21 of each spacer is placed in cooperation, exclusively by complementarity of shapes, with one of the panels of a wall, while the assembly part 22 is put in cooperation, exclusively by complementarity of forms, with one of the panels of the other wall. More specifically, each of the assembly parts 21 and 22 cooperates with the edge of one of the panels 10, the aforementioned notion of edge having only a functional sense, opposing the central region of the panel. In other words, this notion of border does not induce specific dimensional limitation, the border of each of the panels 10 corresponding globally to the periphery of this panel, including including its four songs 13, 14, 15 and 16, and its subject matter. adjacent to the edges and the corresponding parts of the faces 1 1 and 12, where appropriate to a significant depth which may represent, without completely reaching it, half the length or half the width of the panel.

In the exemplary embodiment considered in FIGS. 2 and 3, the form-complementary cooperation between the perimeter of each panel 10 of the wall P1 and one of the spacers 20 corresponds, in a way, to the attachment of a portion of the outlet 17A of one of the cells 17, by the plates 21A, 21B and 21C of the assembly portion 21: thus, the plate 21A covers, in plane contact, the flat area of the song 13 connecting inside the outlet 17A to the face 12 of the panel, the plate 21 C covers, in plane contact, a portion of this face 12, and the plate 21 B is introduced inside the outlet 17A, covering, by contact plan, the rectilinear portion of the interior of this outlet, turned towards the face 12. Of course, by symmetry, the assembly portion 22 of this spacer cooperates correspondingly with the outlet 17A of one of the cells 17 of the panel 10 of the wall P2, opposite the one with which the p assembly part 21. It will be understood that each spacer 20, thus assembled with two panels facing one another, belonging respectively to two of the walls of the walls P1, P2, P3, holds these two walls in place relative to each other. the other, both to prevent the relative spacing relative approximation of these two walls. With these walls thus held firmly in place, the free space they delimit between them can reliably receive a filling material, during a bunching operation which, as such, is known per se.

 In practice, the same filling material can be used for the two bunk spaces or two different fillers are used in these two spaces respectively. Thus, the bunk space turned towards the outside of the wall preferably receives an insulating material, such as lightweight insulating concrete for example, which allows to greatly reduce the thermal bridges at a floor, while the other Bench space can receive another filling material.

 Of course, the number of spacers 20 used to fix the walls in place relative to each other can be modified, in particular depending on the level of resistance that is desired to impose the formwork thus assembled.

 Advantageously, in the embodiment considered in FIGS. 1 to 3, it will be noted that, with the adequate dimensioning of the outlet of the cells 17, the same outlet 17A of one of the cells 17 of one of the panels 10 of the wall P2 co-operates simultaneously with the connecting portion 21 of one of the spacers 20 and the connecting portion 22 of another of these spacers, as is also shown in Figures 2 and 3.

 Moreover, as illustrated by FIG. 4, the manufactured formwork can extend vertically further, by completing each of the walls P1, P2 and P3 with panels 10 juxtaposed vertically above the respective panels of these walls, advantageously with offset half panel compared to the lower panels. In practice, mounting mortar or mortar glue is advantageously reported between the panels of the same wall, adjacent vertically.

 The placement of each of the upper panels is accompanied by its assembly to the spacers 20 already installed since the assembly parts 21 and 22 of each of these latter then cooperate by complementarity of shapes with the underside of the edge of this panel higher, in this case by means of the plates 21 D and 21 E with respect to the assembly part 21.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show a variant of the panels 10 and spacers 20 of FIGS. 1 to 4, in the form of panels 30 and spacers 40. In the simplification of the drawings, only one panel per wall P1, P2 or P3 is shown in FIG. 6, it being understood that, in practice, each of these walls includes several panels 30, in the same way as, for the embodiment 1 to 4, each wall includes several panels 10. In the same way, a single spacer 40 is shown, it being understood that several of these spacers are used to make a formwork of benching, similar to that shown in FIGS. 4.

 The panel 30 has opposite main faces 31 and 32, edges 33, 34, 35 and 36, as well as cavities 37, which are respectively functionally similar to the faces 11 and 12, the edges 13, 14, 15 and 16, and to the cells 17 of the panel 10. The panel 30 differs from the panel 10 at least in that its edges 33 and 35, on which its cells 37 open, are not planar along the entire length of the panel, but, on the contrary, respectively present a male relief and a female relief, geometrically complementary to each other: following considerations similar to the male and female reliefs of the songs 14 and 16 of the panel 10, it is understood that the male relief of the song 33 and the relief female singing 35 allow the elevation of each of the walls P1, P2 and P3, by complementary cooperation forms with another panel 30, vertically adjacent.

 In addition, the male relief of the edge 33 and the female relief of the edge 35 are each interrupted, according to the length of the panel, by at least one flat surface of this edge, such as the three plane surfaces of the edge 33 visible in FIG. , referenced 33A. At least one of the cells 37 opens on this or these flat surfaces, which then constitute the outer periphery of the outlet of the cells, as is the case for three outlets 37A of the cells 37, visible in Figure 5.

As regards the spacer 40, it comprises two assembly parts 41 and 42, as well as a connecting part 43 connecting them rigidly, which are functionally similar to the assembly parts 21 and 22 and to the connecting part 23 of the spacer 20. The spacer 40 differs from the spacer 20 at least in that the spacer 40 further comprises a third connecting part, which is referenced 44 and which is rigidly connected to the part assembly 43 by a connecting portion 45, extending from the connecting portion 42 in a direction opposite to the connecting portion 43. In the embodiment considered in FIGS. 5 and 6, the connecting parts 41 , 42 and 44 are individually identical to each other, as the connecting portions 43 and 45 are identical to each other. Thus, by way of example, each connecting portion 43, 45 consists of a horizontal flat plate, these two plates extending in the longitudinal extension of one another, while each of the assembly parts 41, 42 and 44 comprises both a flat horizontal plate 41A, 42A, 44A, on the one hand and others of which extend vertical studs 41B and 41C, 42B and 42C, 44B and 44C. The plates 41A, 42A and 44A are arranged in the horizontal plane defined by the respective plates of the connecting portions 43 and 45.

 To manufacture the bunching formwork of FIG. 6, each of the spacers 40 of the kit is put in place so as to connect three panels 30, belonging respectively to the walls P1, P2 and P3, so as to hold these three walls securely in place. : the plate 41 A of the assembly part 41 covers, by plane contact, one of the plane surfaces 33A of the edge 33 of the panel 30 of the wall P1, more precisely the periphery of the outlet 37A of one of the cells 37, while, at the same time, its stud 41 B is received, advantageously neatly, within the outlet 37A of the cell 37 corresponding; complementary form cooperation is performed identically between the assembly portion 42 and one of the panels 30 forming the wall P2; and identical cooperation is also performed between the connecting portion 44 and one of the panels 30 forming the wall P3. As a result, the connecting portion 43 freezes the horizontal spacing between the walls P1 and P2, while the connecting portion 45 freezes the horizontal spacing between the walls P2 and P3, thus delimiting between these walls two bunching spaces, functionally similar to the two benching spaces described above, in connection with the formwork of Figures 2 to 4.

 By comparing the embodiments respectively associated with Figures 1 to 4 and associated with Figures 5 and 6, it is understood that the latter embodiment differs from the first in that the main faces 31 and 32 of the panels 30 do not participate the cooperation by complementarity of forms between these panels and the spacers 40, unlike the cooperation between the panels 10 and the spacers 20. This is related to the adjustment of the respective cross sections of the interior of the outlets 37A of the cells 37 and pads 41 B, 41 C, 42B, 42C, 44B and 44C of the assembly parts 41, 42 and 44, in the sense that, once assembled to the panels 30, the spacer 40 prohibits both the approximation and the spacing of these panels.

 FIGS. 7 and 8 show a variant of the panels 10 and spacers 20 in the form of panels 50 and spacers 60.

 The panel 50 has opposite main faces 51 and 52, songs 53,

54, 55 and 56, and cells 57, which are respectively functionally similar to the corresponding elements 1 1 to 17 of the panel 10. The panel 50 differs from the panel 10 in that the interior of each outlet 57A of each of its The cells 57 is connected to the face 51 by a vertical through slot 58, and is connected to the face 52 by a vertical through slot 59, diametrically opposed to the slot 58. In other words, each outlet 57A of each of the cells 57 connects the interior of the cell corresponding to both the faces 51 and 52 of the panel 50, via the slots 58 and 59, and the corresponding edge 53 or 55 of the panel, which differs from the panel 10 for which the two outlets of each cell 17 connect the inside of the cell exclusively to the two corresponding songs 13 and 15 of the panel.

 As for the spacer 60, it is functionally closer to the spacer 40, in the sense that it includes three assembly parts 61, 62, 64, which are functionally similar to the assembly parts 41, 42 and 44 and which are connected two by two by connecting parts 63 and 65, functionally similar to the connecting parts 43 and 45. Structurally, the spacer 60 differs from the spacer 40 in that each connecting portion 63, 65 is constituted a flat vertical plate. In addition, each assembly portion 61, 62, 64 includes a vertical flat wafer 61A, 62A, 64A, the aforementioned five flat wafers being arranged in the rectilinear extension of each other, jointly forming the same parallelepiped body. In addition, the assembly portion 62 includes vertical flat plates 62B and 62C, which extend perpendicularly and on one and the same side of the wafer 62A, being spaced apart from one another. distance corresponding to the thickness of the panel 50. Advantageously, the assembly portion 62 further comprises vertical flat plates 62D and 62E, respectively symmetrical platelets 62B and 62C relative to the wafer 62A.

 As for the connecting parts 61 and 64, which are advantageously symmetrical to one another with respect to a vertical median plane of the spacer 60, they each include a vertical flat plate 61B, 64B, advantageously completed by their symmetrical 61 C, 64C relative to the wafer 61 A, 64A, and an end pad 61D, 64D, of semi-cylindrical shape.

To manufacture the bunching formwork of FIG. 8, each spacer 60 is put in place so as to connect to each other one of the panels 50 forming the wall P1, one of the panels 50 forming the wall P2, and one of the panels 50 forming the wall P3. More specifically, the assembly portion 61 of each spacer cooperates by complementarity of shapes with a portion of the edge of one of the panels 50 of the wall P1, in this case with the upper side of the edge of the panel 50 shown in FIG. 8: the wafer 61 A is received in one of the slots 59, the wafers 61 B and 61 C cover, in plane contact, a portion of the face 52, and the pad 61 D is received within the upper outlet 57A of the cell 57 associated with the slot 59, fittingly covering the portion of the interior of this outlet, facing the face 52 above. The form-complementary cooperation between the assembly part 64 of the spacer 60 and the panel 50 of the wall P3 is similar to that which has just been described for the cooperation between the assembly portion 61 and the panel 50 of the wall P1. Finally, the assembly portion 62 cooperates with a portion of the edge of one of the panels 50 of the wall P2, in this case with the upper side of this border in FIG. 8, so that the wafer 62A is received. both inside the upper outlet 57A of one of the cells 57 of this panel and in the slots 58 and 59 associated with this outlet 57A, while, at the same time, the plates 62B and 62D cover, in support plan, a portion of the face 51 of the panel while the plates 62C and 62E cover, in plane support, a portion of the face 52 of this panel.

 Thus, by comparison with the embodiments described so far, it is understood that, unlike the spacers 20 and 40, the spacers 60 do not cooperate with the edges 53 or 55 of the panels 50, in particular the outer periphery of the outlet of the cells 57, in favor of cooperation with the slots 58 and / or 59. In addition, the embodiment of the spacers 60 shows that the three assembly parts 61, 62 and 64 of the spacer may not be individually identical to each other, unlike the connecting parts 41, 42 and 44 of the spacers 40.

 In Figures 9 to 1 1 is shown a variant of the panels and spacers described so far in the form of panels 70 and spacers 80 and 90.

 Each of the panels 70 of the corresponding kit has opposite main faces 71 and 72, as well as edges 73, 74, 75 and 76 and cavities 77, which are functionally similar to the corresponding elements 1 1 to 17 of the panels 10. The panel 70 is distinguished from the panel 10 in that the panel 70 has only three cells 77, being also noted that the oblong geometry, described above, the cells 17 is found for the cells 77. In practice, it is understood that, with constant dimensions for the panels 10 and 70, the longitudinal dimension of the oblong cross section of the cells 77, noted L70 in Figure 9, is advantageously greater than that of the cells 17, the interest of this provision appearing a little further .

The panel 70 is also distinguished from the panel 10 by the fact that it is advantageously scored, that is to say designed to be easily divided, by breaking, into several panel parts, two such panel parts being, before rupture, arranged on either side of a vertical plane, perpendicular to the main faces 71 and 72 of the panel. Such panel portions are visible in Figures 10 and 1 1, within walls P1, P2 and P3. For this purpose, in the exemplary embodiment considered in FIGS. 9 to 11, each of the faces 71 and 72 is provided with vertical grooves 78, the grooves of the face 71 being aligned with the grooves of the face 72 in one direction. perpendicular to these faces, so that the thickness reduction of the Panel, located between the respective grooves of the faces 71 and 72, facilitates the breakage of the panel in the vertical plane passing through the two grooves facing, subject to apply shear stresses adapted. Of course, other embodiments, such as the grooves 78, can be envisaged to create the panel's failure primers, without impairing the strength of this panel and the panel parts obtained after breaking, for the purposes of shuttering. Moreover, as an alternative, the division of one of the panels 70 into several panel parts can be achieved not by breaking a breakable region thereof, but by cutting, with the aid of a suitable cutting tool. In all cases, each of the panel parts, obtained by rupture or division, advantageously remains provided with at least one of the cells 77.

 Each of the spacers 80 of the kit considered in Figure 9 is functionally and structurally similar to the spacer 20 described above. Thus, the spacer 80 is made up of two connecting parts 81 and 82 and a connecting part 83, which, respectively, are both functionally and structurally similar to the parts 21, 22 and 23 of the spacer 20 .

 According to an advantageous dimensioning, each assembly part 81, 82 of the spacer 80 has, in a direction that is both horizontal and perpendicular to the direction connecting the assembly parts 81 and 82, to one another. dimension, denoted L80 in Figure 9, which is about twice as small as the longitudinal dimension L70 supra of the cells 77 of the panel 70. In this way, during the cooperation between one or other of the assembly parts 81 and 82 of the spacer 80 and one of the cells 77 of the panel 70, the position of the spacer 80 relative to the panels 70, in a horizontal direction parallel to the panels, is adjustable, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 1 on which various positions thus adjusted are shown for the different spacers 80. This arrangement facilitates the establishment of the spacers on the panels 70 to hold fixedly in place the walls P1, P2 and P3, in the sense that a certain The freedom of positioning, in the horizontal direction parallel to the panels 70, is left, unlike the embodiments of the preceding figures. This provision has a major derivative interest when using the corresponding kit to build an angular wall, as in Figures 10 and 1 1: indeed, it is understood that this arrangement does not make it necessary to rigorously align in a perpendicular horizontal direction panels 70, the respective cells 77 of these panels for the purpose of placing the spacers 80 during assembly thereof to the panels.

Moreover, as indicated above, the kit in connection with FIGS. 9 to 11 comprises, in addition to spacers 80, the spacers 90. Each spacer 90 is distinguished from the spacer 80 by the fact that the spacer 90 does not comprise only two connecting parts, but three joining parts 91, 92 and 94. These joining parts 91, 92 and 94 of each spacer 90 are functionally similar to the joining parts 41, 42 and 44 of the spacer 40. Structurally, the connecting parts 91 and 94 are similar to the connecting parts 81 and 82 of the spacer 80, while the part assembly 92 comprises a horizontal flat plate 92A, which is arranged in the horizontal plane defined by the plate constituting the connecting portions 93 and 95 rigidly connecting the assembly part 92, to the assembly parts 91 and 94, respectively. The assembly portion 92 also includes vertical plates 92B and 92C, which, on the same side of the horizontal plate 92A, project from the plate 92A. During the manufacture of the binder formwork of FIGS. 10 and 11, each of the spacers 90 of the kit is put in place so as to connect three panels 70, belonging respectively to the walls P1, P2 and P3, so as to hold firmly in place. place these three walls: the assembly parts 91 and 94 of each of the spacers 90 cooperate with one of the respective panels 70 of the walls P1 and P3, in the same way as detailed above for the cooperation between the connecting portion 21 of the spacer 20 and the cells 17 of the panel 10, while, at the same time, the assembly portion 92 cooperates with one of the cells 77 of one of the panels 70 of the wall P2, so that these plates 92B and 92C are received inside the outlet 77A of this cell 77 and that the horizontal plate 92A covers, by plane contact, two opposite portions of the perimeter of the outlet 77A of this cell, as shown for the two spacers 90 shown Figures 10 and 1 1.

 Thus, taking into account the foregoing explanations, it is understood that, unlike the assembly parts 91 and 94 which cooperate by complementarity of forms both with the interior and the periphery of the outlet 77A of the cells 77 of the panels 70 and with the main face 72 of the panels 70 forming the wall P1 and the main face 71 of the panels 70 forming the wall P3, the assembly part 92 cooperates in shape complementarity only with the interior and the periphery of the outlet 77A cells 77 of the panels 70 forming the wall P2.

 In view of the various examples of bunching kits described so far, it is understood that a use of these kits, designed to build a wall and can be implemented by all conceivable embodiments, includes steps, which are performed on a construction site of the wall and according to which:

 a binder kit is available such as those described with reference to FIGS.

1 1, three walls, respectively formed of panels of the kit, such as the panels 10, 30, 50 and 70, are held firmly in place by means of spacers of the kit, such as the spacers 40, 60 and 90, the three parts of which assembly cooperate respectively with the first wall P1, with the second wall P2 and with the third wall P3, and / or by means of spacers of the kit, such as the spacers 20 and 80, whose two assembly parts of each of them cooperate respectively with the first wall and with the second wall, respectively with the second wall and with the third wall,

 - Filling a filling material in the bunk space between the first and second walls and a filler is cut in the bunk space between the second and third walls, and

 the panels and spacers are left in place so as to integrate them into the wall with three walls thus constructed.

In practice, as already mentioned in the first part of this document, the filling materials, respectively banchées in the two aforementioned benching spaces, may be the same or, conversely, be different from each other. And, within one and / or the other of these two bunk spaces, several materials can be, simultaneously or successively, introduced to, ultimately, form the filling material: thus, by way of example FIG. 12 schematically shows a wall being constructed in which one of the bunk spaces receives a concrete support structure, such as a "post-beam" structure. More precisely, in FIG. 12, the bunk space, turned towards the reader, is internally provided with vertical plates 100 and a horizontal plate 101, which, before pouring concrete into the bunk space, subdivide this last in elongated subspaces, namely, in the case of Figure 12, three vertical subspaces and a horizontal subspace, each of these subspaces is then filled with concrete, if necessary armed, so to form respectively three vertical posts and a horizontal beam, an opening through the wall being moreover provided between two of the three posts in Figure 12. In practice, other embodiments than the aforementioned plates 100 and 101 are conceivable as means for subdividing the bunk space, for delimiting in the latter sub-spaces bunching: for example, in order to form poles, tubes can be used to be filled with concrete. In any case, according to an advantageous arrangement, these means of subdivision are, before benchachment, set up inside the bunk space, leaning and / or wedging against the spacers nearby. According to an option of implementation of the kit, the latter is used to manufacture a form of bunching "around" a pre-existing carrier structure, that is to say that this carrier structure, such as a structure "pole- beam ", which is carried out before and independently of the use of the kit, is found arranged inside one of the bunk spaces, by means of the mounting of the two walls, delimiting between them the aforementioned bench space, from and other of this structure. The pre-existing supporting structure is thus integrated into the bunk formwork, before one or more fillers are introduced into the bunting spaces.

 Various arrangements and variants of kits described above bunching are also possible. In particular :

 the various embodiments described so far can be combined with each other to obtain other variants,

 - rather than being all exactly identical to each other, the panels of the same kit may belong to two groups differing only in their thickness or the surface condition of one of their opposite main faces, intended for be turned away from the bunk space (s) within the formwork made using the kit;

 - Optionally, in addition to the panels of the kit, such as the panels described with reference to Figures 1 to 1 1, the kit may include corner pieces, which, by assembly to the aforementioned panels, allow to manufacture binder forms in for raising an angular wall, as shown by way of example in Figures 10 and 1 1; the aforementioned corner pieces advantageously have arrangements similar to the panels, for the purpose of their assembly to the spacers of the kit, however, it is noted that other solutions are possible to achieve the angular areas of the wall to be built, for example using a formwork dedicated who is cleared after sinking the angular area of the wall to be built;

 - rather than the three assembly parts of the spacers 40, 60 and 90 are equidistant from each other, as in the embodiments considered above, the spacing between the intermediate connecting portion and one of two extreme assembly parts may be different from the spacing between the intermediate assembly part and the other end assembly part; of course, in this case, the two bunk spaces of the formwork made from the corresponding kit have respective dimensions, in the direction perpendicular to the walls, which are different from each other;

- In one of the walls P1, P2 and P3, the junction of two juxtaposed panels belonging to the wall can also be made with mortar assembly between the respective songs of these panels, facing one another, that be made with glue, reported in a thin layer, or even made dry; in the second case, to prevent the assembly parts of the spacers form an extra thickness detrimental to the juxtaposition of the panels, the outer periphery of the opening of the cells, on the edge of the corresponding panels, is dug a reservation, including a horizontal slit, receiving all or part of the corresponding thickness of the portion of the assembly part, arranged vertically between the edges of two juxtaposed panels; optionally, such a reservation is provided to lead only in the face of the kit panels, delimiting one of the bunk spaces, without leading to the opposite face of the panels in the case where the latter is turned away from the two bunk areas to avoid the presence of visible holes from the outside of the wall;

 - if necessary, especially to improve the juxtaposition of the panels within the same wall, the edges of these panels can be rectified, while taking into account the considerations developed in the paragraph just above;

 - the vertical juxtaposition of the panels within the same wall can be carried out with offset, compared to the panels immediately below or above, or a half-panel as in Figure 4, or one or two thirds of panel as in Figure 10, that is another fraction of panel; and or

 in the embodiments considered in the figures, the faces of the panels forming the walls P1 and P3, facing away from the capping spaces, advantageously remain devoid of any projection, which facilitates their finishing; as a variant not shown, the spacers of the kit may be dimensioned to have their opposite ends protruding from these faces.

Claims

1 .- Bench kit for the construction of a wall with integration of the kit, said bunching kit comprising:

 a plurality of panels (10; 30; 50; 70), each panel being made of mineral material and delimiting, in its thickness, at least one cell (17, 37, 57, 77), which connects one to the other; another two opposite songs (13, 15, 33, 35, 53, 55, 73, 75) of the panel and which opens on each of these two songs forming an outlet (17A, 37A, 57A, 77A), these panels being separable from each other and being adapted to form at least three walls (P1, P2, P3) of the wall, the panels of each of these three walls being arranged, by juxtaposition of their songs, in the same plane, and

 a plurality of spacers (20; 40; 60; 80; 90), each spacer being separable from the panels and including at least two assembly parts (21,22; 41,42,44; 61,62,64; 81, 82; 91, 92, 94), which are rigidly connected to one another by a connecting portion (23; 43, 45; 63, 65; 83; 9395) of the spacer and which are each adapted to cooperate by complementarity of shapes with each outlet of the or each cell of each panel being at least received inside the cell, said at least two assembly parts of each spacer being respectively provided to cooperate thus with the or one of the cells of one or more of the panels forming at least two of the three walls of the wall so that the three walls are fixedly held in place by the spacers, with the interposition of a first bunching space of at least one of filling material between a first and a second of the three walls and with interposing a second binder space of at least one filler material between the second and third walls.

The kit of claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the spacers (40; 60; 90) of said plurality of spacers further includes a third connecting portion (44; 64; 94). which is rigidly connected to a first of the two connecting parts (41, 42; 61, 62; 91, 92) by a connecting portion (45; 65; 95) of the spacer extending from the first an assembly portion in a direction opposite to the second of the two assembly parts, and which is adapted to cooperate by complementarity of shapes with each outlet (37A; 57A; 77A) of the or each cell (37; 57; 77) of each panel (30; 50; 70), the three assembly parts of this spacer being respectively provided to cooperate thereby with one or more of the panels forming the three walls of the wall so as to hold the three walls securely in place.

3.- kit according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said two opposite edges (33, 35) of each panel (30,) of said plurality of panels respectively have a male relief and a female relief , which are complementary to each other and which, when the panel forms, with other panels of said plurality of panels, one of the three walls (P1, P2, P3) of the wall, are respectively adapted to cooperate by complementarity of shapes with the female relief of one of said other panels and to cooperate by complementarity of shapes with the male relief of one of said other panels,

and in that, along the periphery of the panel, the male and female reliefs are interrupted by the outlets (57A) of the or each cell (57) of the panel (50).

 4. - Bench kit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each connecting portion (21, 22; 41, 42, 44; 81, 82; 91, 92, 94) of each spacer (20 40; 80; 90) is adapted to cooperate by complementarity of the shape with each outlet (17A; 37A; 77A) of the or each recess (17; 37; 77) of each panel (10; 30; covering the periphery of the opening on the corresponding edge (13, 15, 33, 35, 73, 75) of the panel.

 5. - binder kit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlets (17A, 37A, 77A) of the or each cell (17; 37; 77) of each panel (10; 30; 70) connect the inside of the cell exclusively to said two opposite edges (13, 15, 33, 35, 73, 75) of the panel.

 6. - kit binder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one outlets (57A) of the or at least one of the cells (57) of at least one of the panels (50) includes a slot (58, 59) or a recess, which is recessed in the corresponding edge (53, 55) of the panel and which connects the inside of the cell and one face to each other (51, 52) of the panel, delimiting one of the bunk spaces,

and in that at least one of the connecting parts (61, 62, 64) of at least one of the spacers (60) is adapted to cooperate by complementarity of forms with this outlet (57A) while being received at the inside this slot (58, 59) or this reservation.

Binder kit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the connecting parts (21, 22; 61, 62, 64; 81, 82; 91, 92, 94). at least one of the spacers (20; 60; 80; 90) is adapted to, in addition to each outlet of the or each recess (17; 57; 77) of each panel (10; 50; by complementarity of shapes with a face (1 1, 12; 51, 52; 71, 72) of the panel, delimiting one of the bunching spaces.

8. - binder kit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each panel (10; 30; 50; 70) is provided with several cells (17; 37; 57; 77), which are distributed in a manner substantially regular in the longitudinal direction of said two opposite edges (13, 15, 33, 35, 53, 55, 73, 75) of the panel.

 9. - Bench kit according to claim 8, characterized by an odd number of cell (17; 77), in particular equal to three.

 10. Binder kit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each cell (77) has a cross section of elongated, in particular oblong, the longitudinal dimension is substantially parallel to the face (71, 72) of the panel (70) delimiting one of the bunching spaces, and having, in this longitudinal direction, a dimension (L70) approximately twice as large as the corresponding dimension (L80) of each connecting part (81, 82) at least one of the spacers (80; 90).

 1 1 .- Binder kit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet (17A; 77A) of each cell (17, 77) is adapted to cooperate simultaneously with the connecting portion (21; 81) of one of the spacers (20; 80) and the connecting portion (22, 82) of another of the spacers (20; 80).

 12. - kit binder according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each panel (70) is divisible into several panel parts, each having at least one of the cells (77) of the panel.

 13. - Bench kit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the kit further comprises means (100, 101) of subdivision of at least one of the bunk space, adapted to define in the latter of subspaces of banchage.

 14. - Binder kit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each spacer (20; 40; 60; 80; 100; 1 10; 130; 140; 150) is made in one piece, in a plastic or composite material, extruded.

 15. - Method of constructing a wall,

in which, on a construction site of the wall:

 - there is a bunching kit according to any one of the preceding claims,

at least three walls (P1, P2, P3) formed of panels (10; 30; 50; 70) of said plurality of panels of the kit are securely held in place by means of spacers (20; 40; 60; 80; 90) of said plurality of spacers of the kit, said at least two joining parts of each of them cooperating respectively with the or one of the cells of one or more of the panels forming at least two of the three walls,

 a filling material is cut in each of the bunting spaces, and

the panels and the spacers are left in place so as to integrate them into the wall thus constructed.