EP3199717B1 - Construction element - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a construction element that can be assembled with similar elements to construct walls or other surfaces of a building.

The invention relates more particularly to the field of wood construction, to build houses with wood frame or isolate a building, but not limited to this type of construction.

The construction of buildings, especially wood, is quite long and requires the intervention of specialists, from the design to the assembly of the building elements. There remains a need for simplification of the construction of such buildings or the realization of the insulation of a building.

We know for example by the German patent application DE 199 03 287 parallelepiped-shaped building elements that can be assembled by interlocking with similar building elements that are adjacent to it. These elements are however not very easily implemented to build walls or other structures.

The invention thus aims to provide construction elements whose implementation is easy and fast to raise walls or other structures of a building.

The invention aims in particular to provide a construction element of substantially parallelepiped shape provided with means for assembling by male-female type interlocking with similar construction elements and allow in particular easy assembly in different directions with other similar elements.

The invention provides for this purpose a parallelepiped shaped construction element having two opposite end walls and parallel to each other on either side of a periphery formed of four opposite side walls and parallel to each other in pairs, and comprising complementary assembly means of the male-female type which make it possible to assemble by interlocking said element with other similar building elements. This construction element according to the invention is characterized in that it has complementary assembly means, one projecting in the form of pins disposed on the outer face of two of its contiguous side walls and the other recessed appearing under form of complementary recesses to tenons arranged from the outer face of its two other adjacent side walls, which allow the assembly by interlocking said element with another similar building element by their side faces, said building element further having on each of its front outer faces means for locating receiving locations of other posts or arranging other recesses, so as to have additional assembly means for assembling said element with another similar structural element by perpendicular interlocking a front side of one with a side face of the other o u by frontal interlocking of a front face of one with a front face of the other.

Preferably, according to the invention, said locating means for positioning additional assembly means are in the form of markings on the surface of the walls, for example made by printing or precutting in the walls of said construction element.

Preferably and advantageously according to the invention, the respective assembly means of the side walls of said element of construction are arranged with the same spacing. Similarly, the marking means present on the front walls for the positioning of additional assembly means are arranged with the same spacing. It is thus easy to assemble two construction elements by their assembly means which complement and are in correspondence regardless of the respective faces or portions of complementary faces of the construction elements brought into contact.

The means for assembling a lateral wall are preferably centered on the corresponding lateral external face of said element. They are preferably aligned and 3 in each side face.

Advantageously according to the invention, the construction element has on its front external faces, a grid formed of a first network of parallel lines and a second network of parallel lines perpendicular to said first network, the distance between two parallel lines immediately. adjacent said gratings being equal to the basic spacing of said assembly means so that said means for locating additional assembly means locations are centered on the intersection of two perpendicular lines of said gratings. At the intersection of two perpendicular lines is marked for example by printing, a simple circle or the shape of the assembly means to be added, said circle or said shape being centered on this point of intersection. Alternatively, the shape of the additional assembly means can be marked by a precut in the front wall considered.

More generally and advantageously, a grid of lines is made on each outer face of said construction element such that the distance between two parallel lines immediately adjacent to is equal to the basic distance between the assembly means. This grid is made before positioning the useful assembly means, so that it is then easy to place said assembly means on the side walls of the construction element, positioning them at the intersection of two lines perpendicular to said grid, and also to place the additional assembly means to be added to the front walls.

The grid lines are straight lines parallel to one of the edges of the considered wall. The grid of lines is advantageously made in the continuity of an outer face to the other of said construction element to allow an effective grid for positioning the various male-female assembly means required.

More particularly for building elements according to the invention intended to be mounted in superimposed rows as described below in the context of an example, said construction element is of parallelepipedal shape and has two opposite end walls and parallel to each other. defining a front end wall and a front end wall disposed on either side of a normal assembly surround consisting of two opposite and parallel side walls defining one upper wall and one lower wall and two opposite other side walls and parallel to each other defining the opposite flanks of said element.

It is thus possible laterally to assemble two adjacent coplanar building elements according to the invention by fitting the assembly means projecting from one of the side walls of one into the recessed assembly means of one of the side walls of the housing. another facing him.

It is also possible to assemble two adjacent construction elements perpendicularly (by perpendicular disposition of the one with respect to the other), in the case of a change of assembly direction, by fitting the assembly means. protruding or recessed present on a side wall of an element in the additional assembly means respectively recessed or projecting shape complementary to those of said side wall, which have been added on one of the front walls of the another building element, at the locations marked on said front wall of this other building element.

It is also possible to assemble frontally two building elements according to the invention by arranging them parallel to each other, for example in the case of a wall doubling, by fitting the additional projecting assembly means added on top of one another. one of the front walls of a construction element, in the complementary additional recessed assembly means that have been added in the front wall of the other construction element facing it, said assembly means additional ones having been arranged at the locations marked on the respective end walls of said building elements.

The assembly of the building elements according to the invention can be done vertically but also flat or according to a given slope. The building elements according to the invention can be used to realize various types of construction such as walls, floors, ceilings, undersides of roofing. Indeed the building elements according to the invention can be assembled flat to form a floor or ceiling or according to a given slope to form a sloping surface, said elements being in abutment directly on the floor to be covered or on other supports like rafters or beams to support their assembly.

The construction element according to the invention can therefore easily be assembled by all its external faces to other elements of similar constructions, once all the necessary male-female type assembly means arranged at the right locations, to construct a first row and then add a new row and so on.

The construction element is also preferably designed so that it has external dimensions (thickness, height, length) that are proportional to each other so as to be able to easily position the assembly means to achieve its assembly by interlocking. with other similar elements. Preferably according to the invention, each external front face of the building element is of square shape and the external lateral faces are of rectangular shape with a width equal to about half the size of one side of the square of said faces. front.

As described below, according to a particular advantageous embodiment of the invention, each front wall forms a square of 60 cm side, and the assembly means for each side face are positioned with a spacing of 15 cm. The locating means on the front faces are also arranged with the same basic distance of 15 cm.

In general, this construction element is preferably designed so that its faces have multiple dimensions of the basic spacing of the assembly means carried by the side walls.

According to the invention, the projecting assembly means can be removable or not. This choice may in particular depend on the way in which said construction element is manufactured. For example the pins forming the projecting assembly means may be in the form of pads or discs which are screwed or nailed to the walls of the construction element, or in the form of studs molded with the block itself. which then constitutes a monoblock. These projecting assembly means can be clipable to be nested by force in the complementary assembly means recessed.

Advantageously according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the construction element comprises recessed assembly means in the form of oblong recesses. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, only the recesses of only one of the side walls are of oblong shape. Preferably it is the assembly means in the hollow of the main wall assembly of the elements which are oblong. The main mounting wall is the one that comes first to fit on the tenons of the wall of a building element already in place, for example the bottom wall in the case of building elements fitting by superimposition on the upper face of the other element. Indeed, in a row under construction, the oblong shape of the recesses allows to position this mounting wall of the element to be posed with a small offset against the face of an adjacent element already in place in a row already formed and adjacent to the one under construction, then to slide said element to be laid down to fit the assembly means of the face contiguous to said main wall mounting said element to be installed in the complementary assembly means of the side wall of an element adjacent already in place of said row under construction.

Advantageously according to the invention, the construction element further comprises an internal conduit for the passage of elongated elements (filiform or tubular) useful for electrical, hydraulic, aeraulic, gas or other distributions in the constructions, such as electric wires, cables, ducts or pipes. The ends of this inner duct open into orifices pierced in the side walls of said element. This duct is preferably in the form of a cross, made of two branches which intersect perpendicularly, and which preferably communicate at their intersection. Each of the branches of the cross goes from one side wall to the opposite side wall, to open on both sides in a hole (through hole) made in each of said side walls of the building element.

Advantageously, these orifices giving passage to said elongated elements (electrical wires, cables, sheaths or ducts) to be inserted into the internal conduit of the construction element, form handling jacks for easily transporting said element of construction or for handling it during its pose.

According to a particular case of the invention, this cross-shaped internal duct is in the form of a hollow tubular piece, which is arranged against the internal face of one of the walls, preferably one of the front walls, of the building element. Advantageously, this front wall is the wall oriented towards the interior of the part or building under construction, in particular to have easy access and good thermal insulation of the elongated elements which will pass in this conduit.

The building element is advantageously insulating, and for this purpose it is filled with an insulating material. This insulating material may be in particular chosen from polyurethane foam, wood wool, cellulose wadding. Any other insulating material may also be suitable depending on the level of insulation required.

To ensure an airtightness, provision may furthermore be made, for example, for the walls of the construction elements to have grooved edges allowing a tongue-and-groove edge joint (assembly of a tongue in a groove) of the element walls. adjacent buildings.

According to an advantageous particular case of the invention, to ensure airtightness, the construction element is furthermore made so that its front walls, front and rear, are offset with respect to the edge of its walls. side walls so as to create a shoulder protruding from said front walls with respect to two contiguous side walls and a shoulder recessed from said front walls with respect to the other two adjacent side walls, said shoulders having the same width so that in more than the interlocking of the assembly means projecting from one element of construction into those in hollow of another element, the part defined by the shoulders set back from one of the elements comes to fit into the defined part by the shoulders above the other element.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the construction element comprises walls which are each formed by a plate cut from a material which may be raw wood or preferably an agglomerate of wood particles, in particular an agglomerate called "OSB" (Oriented Strand Board) formed of oriented large particle chips which is known per se in the trade of wood construction. The plates are assembled to each other to form a block of parallelepiped shape.

According to another particular case of the invention, the walls of said building element are plates based on a synthetic polymer material, for example based on poly (vinyl chloride), polystyrene or polyurethane.

Preferably according to the invention, whatever the nature of the material, said plates all have the same thickness.

In the particular case where shoulders have been created in overhang and recessed to improve the tightness of the construction made with said building elements, advantageously these shoulders are made by shifting the front walls by a distance substantially less than or equal to thickness of the plates used to manufacture said construction element, in particular the thickness of the side plates, preferably said plates making up the walls of said element having all the same thickness.

Alternatively the building element is in the form of a monoblock, molded in a polymeric material, or mortar-based, which may optionally include mineral or organic fillers, depending on the choice of materials. In this particular case, the inner conduit, in particular in the form of a cross, can be made inside the block, by molding in the material constituting the construction element. In the particular case of blocks with shoulders, these shoulders are made during molding.

Whatever the method of manufacture of the building element according to the invention, the materials used may be from recycled materials.

The assembly of the building elements according to the invention is designed in such a way that no joining material, such as a cement, is necessary to be inserted between each element, the elements being held together sufficiently in self, thanks to their assembly system.

A building element according to the invention can be used several times if desired. It is indeed possible to easily dismount a wall or any other construction consisting of building elements according to the invention and reuse these elements for a new construction.

• la figure 1 représente un élément de construction vu en perspective de trois-quarts depuis une de ses faces latérales (face de dessus) et l'une de ses faces frontales (face avant) ;
• la figure 2 représente l'élément de construction de la figure 1 retourné, vu en perspective de trois-quarts depuis la face latérale opposée (face de dessous) et de son autre face frontale (face arrière) ;
• la figure 3 représente l'élément de construction des figures précédentes en vue de dessous ;
• la figure 4 représente l'élément de construction des figures précédentes vu depuis sa face frontale arrière ;
• la figure 5 est une vue schématique, en éclaté, d'un assemblage de trois éléments de construction selon l'invention ;
• la figure 6 est une vue schématique, en éclaté, d'un assemblage avec changement de direction de deux éléments de construction selon l'invention ;
• la figure 7 est une vue schématique, en éclaté, d'un assemblage de deux éléments de construction avec épaulements selon une variante de l'invention.

The invention will now be more fully described in the context of preferred features and their advantages, according to preferred non-limiting examples, with reference to Figures 1 to 7 in which :

• the figure 1 represents a construction element viewed in three-quarter perspective from one of its lateral faces (top face) and one of its end faces (front face);
• the figure 2 represents the building element of the figure 1 returned, seen in perspective of three-quarters from the opposite side face (bottom face) and its other end face (rear face);
• the figure 3 represents the construction element of the preceding figures in a view from below;
• the figure 4 represents the construction element of the preceding figures seen from its rear end face;
• the figure 5 is a diagrammatic view, exploded, of an assembly of three building elements according to the invention;
• the figure 6 is a diagrammatic view, exploded, of an assembly with change of direction of two building elements according to the invention;
• the figure 7 is a diagrammatic view, exploded, of an assembly of two structural elements with shoulders according to a variant of the invention.

The construction element B according to the invention shown in Figures 1 to 4 has a parallelepipedic shape. It comprises six walls parallel to each other in pairs: four successive lateral walls 1, 2, 3, 4 parallel and opposite in pairs which form the periphery of said element, and two opposite end walls 5, 6 also parallel to each other arranged around this circumference.

This particular example will be described as part of a construction element used to mount a wall by superposition of rows of this type of elements, for the understanding of its use according to the figures 5 and 6 , without being limiting.

This element thus forms a building block comprising a side wall 1 corresponding to its upper wall, an opposite side wall 2 corresponding to its bottom wall, two other opposite side walls 3 and 4 forming the opposite left and right sides of said element, and two opposite end walls 5, 6 forming a rear end wall 5 and a front end wall 6.

The building block according to this example comprises, on its four side walls, complementary assembly means of tenons-mortise type.

The two end faces according to this preferred example are square in shape and the four lateral faces are rectangular. The thickness E of the building element B is about half of the length L or the height H of said element corresponding to the dimension of the side of said square shape of the front walls. The dimensions of this element are chosen advantageously so as to be multiple of each other.

According to the example in Figures 3 and 4 , the length L and the height H of the block are 60 cm in accordance with the dimensions of the square that form each of the end faces, and its thickness E corresponding to the width of the side faces is half that is 30 cm. The dimensions of the building block B described according to this example are therefore multiples of 15 cm. This choice of dimensions of the blocks is adapted to the construction of walls according to usual dimensions of the houses. For example, with four superimposed rows of blocks 60 cm high as described and a failure of 10 cm, we obtain a wall with a height of 2.50 m, the classic size of a house interior wall.

The tenons T appearing projecting and mortises M, M 'appearing hollow are also arranged on the lateral faces according to these dimensional criteria, with a spacing of 15 cm for a given face. This basic spacing of the assembly means is the same for all. For this purpose, the construction element has a grid of straight lines printed on its faces. The intersection of two perpendicular lines defines the positioning mark of reception or arrangement of assembly means necessary. The spacing between two parallel parallel lines corresponds to the basic spacing of said assembly means. The grid lines are arranged so as to form squares according to this example, 15 cm by 15 cm, on each of the outer faces of said block. It is thus possible to place the hollow or projecting assembly means at the intersection of two lines, which makes it possible to always have the assembly means in correspondence with the complementary assembly means which will face it and which will be carried by a wall of the adjacent building element to be assembled.

On each of its front faces the building element B comprises in particular an impression of a grid 8 formed of a first network of parallel lines 850, 851, 852 and a second network of parallel lines 853, 854, 855 perpendicular first network, creating 80 squares (see figure 4 ). At the intersection of each of these lines and centered at this point, is a locating means 81 of the location where to dig a mortise or where appropriate to affix a post according to the need of the construction. These locating means 81 slots mortises or receiving additional tenons on the end faces may have the shape of the mortise or tenon, or simply be each represented by a circle indicative of the location. These mortises or additional tenons will be respectively respectively hollowed or affixed during the construction of walls with change of direction in the assembly as will be explained for the figure 6 , or in the case of doubling rows of building blocks.

The construction element B according to the example shown on the Figures 1 to 4 thus comprises three pins T, appearing in projection, aligned and centered on the upper external face of said element. According to this example, these tenons are discs each having a thickness of about 15 to 20 mm. They are arranged with a spacing of 15 cm on said upper outer face at the intersections of the grid lines. Block B also includes tenons T on the lateral external face contiguous to the upper face (forming the right side of said block), which are identical disks and arranged similarly to those just described for the upper face.

Block B also includes mortices M appearing hollow on the other side face (forming the left side of said block), as shown in FIG. figure 2 , of circular shape, which are present in a regular manner, similarly to that of the tenons T, with a spacing of 15 cm according to the example described. These recesses have a depth of 15 to 20 mm in the wall of the block, depending on the shape and size of the tenons that will fit into it. Block B furthermore comprises mortises M 'appearing hollow and of oblong shape on the lower face contiguous to said left flank 3, as shown in FIG. figure 3 , and which are present in a regular manner with a spacing of 15 cm similar to that of the mortises M of the contiguous side wall (left flank) represented in figure 2 . The oblong shape of the mortises in the bottom wall 2 makes it easy to assemble building blocks row by row. For example, the oblong mortises on the lower face of a block to be laid in a row in progress are placed over the tenons of the upper face of the adjacent block of the row below, then pushing said block to pose by dragging the oblong mortises according to these tenons to fit the mortises of the flank of said block to be placed in the tenons of the flank of the block adjacent to its left already laid in said current row.

The tenons can be disks that are fixed by screws or spikes for example, depending on whether or not these removable disks. The mortises are made by recesses in the wall of the plates, the recesses may be through depending on the thickness of the plate and the desired depth. The locating means 81 of the mortise or reception locations of additional tenons of the front walls according to the example have a circular shape such as the mortises or tenons of said example.

On the Figures 1 to 4 is also shown an inner conduit 7, within the building block B, which is in the form of a centered and contiguous cross on the inner face according to this example of the front end wall 6 of said block. This cross is made of two hollow branches that intersect perpendicularly interconnecting internally. The vertical branch of the cross extends from the upper side wall 1 to the opposite side wall 2 (bottom wall) of the block B, and the perpendicular branch extends transversely, from the side wall forming one of the sidewalls 3 to the wall opposite side 4 forming the other side of the block. This inner conduit 7 in the form of a cross opens into orifices 10, 20, 30, 40 respectively pierced in each of the side walls 1, 2, 3, 4 of said element. These orifices allow the insertion of elongated elements (filiform or tubular), such as electrical son, cables, sheaths or pipes various useful for the construction of the building in question, in said internal conduit 7 cross-shaped. These orifices 10, 20, 30, 40 in the walls also advantageously constitute a catch facilitating the handling of said construction element.

The internal cross duct 7 is preferably a separate piece, in the form of a hollow tube and in the form of a cross. This inner part 7 is disposed against the inner face of one of the walls, in particular one of the front walls of the construction element, for example before closing the parallelepiped forming said element. The angles at the intersection of the branches of said cross are preferably rounded to facilitate the passage of said elongated elements.

According to this particular example, the construction element B is made by assembling chipboard of wood particles called "OSB", cut to the desired dimensions, and which have been printed with a grid of lines, and circles to the intersection of said lines, to appear on the outer faces of the walls of said block, to position in the right places the various assembly means that are the tenons and mortises.

The building element is advantageously filled with an insulating material before being closed to form a box, in particular to achieve the level of insulation required by building standards. Alternatively the box being closed, the insulation material can be injected through the mortises in the case where they form lights in said box.

For block dimensions according to the example presented, the mechanical strength of said block is sufficient to support a weight, including the weight of a person.

The figure 5 schematically shows, exploded, a coplanar assembly of building blocks according to the invention such as the construction element B which has just been described in Figures 1 to 4 , the assembled blocks here being referenced B1, B2 and B3. The block B2 is assembled laterally on the right of the block B1 by fitting the tenons T14 of a flank of the block B1 corresponding mortises M23 flank block B2 adjacent thereto.

The internal ducts 17 and 27 for the passage of ducts, ducts, cables or electrical wires in the building elements respectively B1 and B2 also correspond, through the orifices pierced in the adjacent walls of the blocks where they open, so as to form a horizontal internal duct according to the example, all along the wall to build.

Furthermore, the block B3 is assembled by superposition on the block B1, by interlocking the tenons T11 of the upper wall of the block B1 in the oblong slot M'32 of the lower side wall of the block B3, the inner conduit 37 of B3 also corresponding to the inner conduit 17 of the block B1, so as to form a vertical duct according to the example, over the entire height of the wall to be built.

Blocks B1, B2, B3 are therefore both properly positioned relative to each other and also held to each other by interlocking. It is thus possible, according to the example, to form rows of building elements one above others to raise a wall in the longitudinal (horizontal) and vertical directions.

As previously explained, a first row of blocks is preferably assembled, from left to right, then another row from left to right is assembled, and the operation is repeated until the desired set of blocks is obtained.

On the figure 6 is schematically represented an assembly of two building elements according to the invention in the case where there is a change of direction of the assembly of said elements, that is to say when these elements are arranged perpendicularly one of relative to each other to assemble the side face of one with the front face of the other. According to the example shown, the block B4 is arranged perpendicular to the block B5. Prior to the assembly of said blocks, the front wall 46 of the block B4 has been provided with additional tenons T46, arranged at locations marked in circles such as the circle 81 shown on the block B of FIGS. Figures 1 to 4 which was drawn at the intersections of the grid lines 8. Each of the additional tenons T46 is thus disposed at the right place to be in correspondence with the mortises M53 which appear hollow on the outer face of the side wall 53 forming one of the flanks of the B5 building block.

The figure 7 schematically shows, exploded, a coplanar assembly of two building blocks according to a variant of the invention in the case where it is desired to improve the airtightness of the junction between two blocks so as to improve the energy performance of the construction. According to this example, two identical blocks B'1 and B'2 are assembled by lateral engagement, the front walls of which have been offset from the edges of the side walls to form shoulders.

In practice in the case where the walls of the two blocks B'1 and B'2 are each formed by a plate, each plate having the same thickness, the front walls 6 'and rear 5' of each of the blocks are shifted according to this example up and to the right, that is to say both to the upper wall 1 'and the side wall 4 ', so as to create the respective upstream protruding shoulders 15' and 16 'of the upper and right wall 45' and 46 'respectively of the right side wall and further of the recessed shoulders at the bottom 26' ( that on the rear face is not visible in the figure) respective of the lower wall 2 'and on the left side 35' and 36 'respectively of the left side wall.

The width of the shoulders 'e' "which corresponds to the offset distance of the end walls from the edges of the side walls is at most equal to the thickness of a plate forming the side walls, while ensuring that the tenons a side wall can be suitably nested in the mortises of a side face of another element to be assembled.

In the particular case of this example, the grids of lines 8 'for locating locations for receiving tenons or arrangements of hollows on the front faces of said blocks are shifted to the left by a distance "e'", corresponding to the width of the shoulders, with respect to the grids 8 in the end walls of blocks without said shoulders described in FIGS. Figures 1 to 6 , so that these frontal grids remain in continuity with the grids that can exist on the lateral faces despite the shoulders. The distance between the lines is the basic spacing of 15 cm according to the example described here.

The building block B'2 comes to assemble laterally on the right of the other building block B'1 by fitting the tenons T'14 of a flank of the block B'1 in the corresponding mortises M'23 of the flank block B2 adjacent thereto, and at the same time the projecting portion on the left side of the block B'2, created by the recessed shoulders on the left side of said block B'2, is embedded in the hollow portion created by the shoulders overflowing on the right side of the other block B'1, which improves the airtightness at the junction of the two blocks.

Similarly, it is understood that the engagement of a lower face of a block with the upper face of another similar block creates a junction whose airtightness is improved through the junctions between their respective shoulders recessed. and overflowing.

It is thus easy to implement the building elements according to the invention, not only for mounting a simple straight wall, but also for raising walls that intersect perpendicularly.

According to an exemplary mounting, the building elements can be assembled to each other as described but flat to form for example a floor. The flat elements are assembled by fitting the connecting elements projecting from a side wall to the recessed elements of a side wall of another element which is adjacent thereto. In addition, building elements can be arranged perpendicularly on the front faces of the flat elements in order to mount walls for example. Similarly, a ceiling can be made by fitting the construction elements according to the invention flat, said elements resting on a support such as a set of beams. It is also possible to produce a sloping surface such as a sub-roof by mounting building elements according to the invention in superimposed rows and at a desired angle of inclination, resting on supports.

Nevertheless, it follows from the foregoing that the invention is not limited to the embodiments that have been specifically described and shown in the figures. Any equivalent embodiment falls within the scope of the invention, in particular the building elements according to the invention may be entirely made by molding or injection of a plastic material such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or still polystyrene.

The construction element according to the invention has been illustrated with connecting elements projecting from its upper wall and one of its side walls forming a first sidewall and recessed mounting elements on its bottom wall and its another side wall forming a second flank opposite the first, as this embodiment corresponds to the most practical embodiment for raising a wall, however the opposite, namely recessed assembly elements present on its upper wall and the one of its side walls forming a first flank and projecting connecting elements present on its bottom wall and its other side wall forming a second side opposite to the first one may be an equivalent embodiment within the scope of the invention insofar as the connecting elements of a given type, for example protruding, are present on two adjacent first side walls and complementary connecting elements of a complementary type, for example recessed, are present on the other two adjacent side walls.

The foregoing description clearly explains how the invention achieves the goals it has set for itself.

The invention is advantageous insofar as the construction element is very simple and quick to implement, within the reach of a single person, and provides a solid enough construction not to have to provide a cement at the junction of said building elements. The construction, especially in the case of a wall, made by interlocking said building elements together may nevertheless advantageously, once said assembled elements, be consolidated in its structure for example by the facing to be affixed to the construction that will support said elements or by the addition of specific plates provided for this purpose, or by any other means, which may if necessary be subsequently covered with a decoration for example. It can be provided to cover the construction elements of a rain screen, especially for the outer side of a wall, before affixing the final siding.

The building elements according to the invention make it easy and quick to build walls, floors, ceilings, under-roofing of houses or other types of buildings, or to insulate a building. They can be used to build an annex to a building or create a room even inside an existing building, including a shed or garage without the need for a concrete slab on the ground for them. support.

Claims (11)

1. Construction element in a parallelepiped shape having two front walls (5, 6) opposite and parallel to each other on both sides of a periphery formed by four lateral walls (1, 2, 3, 4) opposite and parallel to each other in pairs, and comprising complementary male-female assembly means which enable the said element to be assembled by interlocking with other similar construction elements, the said construction element having complementary assembly means, ones projecting in the form of tenons (T) located on the outer face of two of its contiguous lateral walls (1.4) and others in hollow (M, M ') appearing in the form of recesses complementary to the tenons arranged from the outer face of its two other contiguous lateral walls (2, 3), which allow the assembly by interlocking of said element with another similar construction element by their lateral faces, characterized in that the said construction element further has, on its external front faces, means for locating (81) locations for receiving other tenons or for arranging other recesses, so as to position additional assembly means for assembling the said element with another similar construction element by perpendicular interlocking of a front face of one with a lateral face of the other or by frontal interlocking of a front face of one with a front face of the other.
2. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that said assembly means present on the lateral faces and said locating means (81) of locations for receiving other tenons or for arranging other recesses on the front faces are positioned with the same centre distance.
3. Construction element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it has, at least on its external frontal faces, a grid (8) formed of a first network of lines parallel to each other and a second network of lines parallel to each other perpendicular to said first network, the distance between two parallel lines immediately adjacent of said networks being equal to the centre distance of the assembly means present on the lateral walls, so that the position of the locating means of locations for additional assembly means is centered on the intersection of two perpendicular lines of said networks.
4. Construction element according to one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that its external sizes (E, L, H) are multiples of the centre distance between the assembly means present on the lateral walls.
5. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an inner duct (7) whose ends open into orifices (10, 20, 30, 40) drilled in the lateral walls of said element, preferably said duct being in the shape of a cross.
6. Construction element according to claim 5, characterized in that said inner duct (7) is in the form of a hollow tubular piece, in the shape of a cross, disposed against the inner face of one of the front walls (5). 6) of said element.
7. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of its front walls (5,6) has a square shape and in that each of its lateral faces (1, 2, 3, 4) has a rectangular shape with a width equal to about half of the size of one side of the square of said front walls.
8. Construction element according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each of its front walls (5,6) has the shape of a square about 60 cm side, and in that the assembly means are positioned on the lateral faces with a centre distance equal to about 15 cm.
9. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its front walls (5 ', 6') are offset with respect to the edge of its lateral walls (1 ', 2', 3 ', 4') to create a protruding shoulder of said front walls with respect to two contiguous lateral walls and a recessed shoulder of said front walls with respect to the other two contiguous lateral walls, said shoulders having the same width (e ') so that the portion defined by the recessed shoulders of said element can fit into the portion defined by the protruding shoulders of another similar construction element during an assembly by interlocking their lateral faces.
10. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is filled with an insulating material, in particular selected from polyurethane foam, wood wool, cellulose wadding.
11. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of its walls is formed by a panel of material selected from wood, agglomerated wood particles, poly (vinyl chloride), polystyrene, polyurethane, said panel being joined to each other to form a parallelepiped.

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