FR2781513A1 - Floor, wall or roof covering panel made from two layers with projecting edges having tenons and mortises which interlock with adjacent panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The panel is made in the form of two overlapping layers of material, each with two projecting edges which have their inner surfaces (23, 45) lying in the same plane. The two projecting edges of one layer have trapezoid-section surface tenons (34. 35) and the corresponding surfaces of the other two edges have matching mortises (32, 33), so that adjoining panels can be fitted together by overlapping their edges. In addition, the surfaces with the tenons have inner grooves (7) which can be filled with a sealing mastic. The panels can be made from a composition material, wood, clay, ceramic or plaster.

Description

SLAB-TYPE SURFACE ELEMENT, FLOOR PANEL, WALL,

ROOFING FOR EXAMPLE

  The present invention relates to a surface element of the slab type, panel usable for making floors, walls or roofs for example. These elements are made of composite or other materials and they are in particular intended to offer an alternative solution to the various materials used in the traditional way in the field of decoration for floors, walls and roofs in place of slate or tiles. through

example.

  Each panel or slab is produced in a single piece with dimensions adapted to its destination, and it can precisely imitate the aforementioned materials and give the appearance of naturalness, from near or far, by the very

  great definition in terms of shapes and colors.

  In the roofing application these panel elements can constitute a cover and be fixed on rafters or according to their dimensions be of the type

  self-supporting, fixed directly on the panes.

  Thus, this type of panel can be easily used within the framework of a new construction such as for example a garden chalet, a garage, a veranda ... These constructions can also easily harmonize with the materials already used for the constructions surroundings, respecting without

  difficulty the constraints of town planning and / or architecture.

  On an industrial level, these panels can also be used

  for new buildings, or to replace old roofs.

  These surface elements according to the invention include arrangements which allow rapid installation and assembly. In addition, for use in roofing in particular, they have the advantage of lending themselves

  easy installation of additional sealing means.

  According to the invention, the surface element comprises, arranged at right angles to two adjacent edges of the panel, two rebates, one of which is open on the upper surface, and the other on the lower surface of said panel. These rebates have a depth such that their respective bottoms lie in the same plane, which rebate bottoms furthermore comprise male-female assembly means, distributed and arranged so as to

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  allow an assembly of the panels arranged side by side and a locking

  automatic of four panels arranged in the square.

  Still according to the invention, the bottom of the lower rabbets has grooves which extend from the walls of the upper rabbet, up to the level of the perpendicular internal wall of said lower rabbet,

  which grooves constitute the female part of the assembly means.

  According to another arrangement of the invention, the section of the groove of the

  lower rebates is trapezoidal.

  Still according to the invention, the bottom of the upper rebate comprises, projecting, pins which cooperate with the corresponding grooves of the rebate of the adjacent panel, constituting the male part of the assembly means. According to another arrangement of the invention, the angle of the upper rebate comprises a recess making it possible to house a seal and / or a bead of polyurethane or other putty, which recess extends

  to the outer edge of the bottom of the rebate.

  According to another arrangement of the invention, the panel-shaped surface element comprises a sandwich structure of composite materials, the central part of which is made of an insulating or structuring material which provides

some reinforcement.

  The invention will be further detailed with the aid of the following description and

  attached drawings, given for information only, and in which: - Figure 1 shows a surface element according to the invention, in perspective; - Figure 2 shows a top view of the element; - Figure 3 shows the same element in bottom view; - Figure 4 shows a sectional view along 4-4 of Figure 2; - Figure 5 shows a sectional view along 5-5 of Figure 2; - Figure 5bis shows a detail concerning the recess for the housing of a sealing material; - Figure 6 shows a sectional view along 6-6 of Figure 2; - Figure 7 shows, seen from above, two juxtaposed panels; - Figure 8 shows, still seen from above, three juxtaposed panels;

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  - Figure 9 shows, seen from above, four juxtaposed and locked panels. Figure 1 shows a surface element capable of constituting a

  panel or slab depending on use and destination.

  The term "panel" will be used throughout the description.

  This panel is in a square or rectangular shape with an upper surface 1 which is arranged according to the destination. This

  interior design can play on shape, appearance and color.

  The shape of the upper surface, in the case of a roofing panel, can

  match slates, tiles, etc ...

  This panel has side walls 2, 3, 4 and 5, which are

  perpendicular to the general plane of the upper surface 1.

  The upper surface 1 and the sides 2 to 5 define the envelope of a first block 6. A second block 16, making only one piece with the first, is delimited by the lower face 11 and by walls 12, 13, 14 and 15 which are respectively parallel and offset with respect to the walls 2, 3, 4 and of the block 6. The upper block 6 and the lower block 16 form a one-piece surface element, and this surface element, constituting the panel according to the invention, is made of composite or other materials such as for example wood,

stoneware, ceramic, plaster, etc ...

  It is noted that these two blocks are as if offset relative to each other, forming angled rebates. Thus, there is a lower rebate in the form of a square between the walls 2, 12 and the walls 3, 13. We

  also finds an upper rebate between the walls 4, 14 and 5, 15.

  The lower rebate has a rebate bottom 23, in the form of a flat square surface which extends between the walls 2, 12 and 3, 13. This rebate bottom 23 is parallel to the upper surface 1 and to the lower surface 11

of the panel.

  Similarly, the upper rebate has a rebate bottom which extends between the walls 4, 14 and 5, 15. This rebate bottom 45, forms a

  square, and it is located in the same plane as the bottom of the rebate 23.

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  The rebate bottom 23 has a first groove 32 which extends from

  wall 5 to the level of wall 13.

  Likewise, the rebate base 23 has a second groove 33 at right angles to the groove 32, which extends from the wall 4 to the level of the wall 12. The grooves 32 and 33 have a section of trapezoidal shape and lie

  approximately at the center of the corresponding rebate background.

  The rabbet bottom 45 comprises a first tenon 34 which extends from the wall 13 to the level of the wall 5 and a second tenon 35 at the square which

  extends from the wall 12 to the level of the wall 4.

  These pins 34 and 35 have a section identical to that of the grooves 32 and

  33 so as to allow the interlocking of the adjacent panels.

  Figure 7 shows the juxtaposition of two panels marked A and B. The upper faces 1 of each panel are aligned. The lug 34 of panel A is fitted into the groove 35 of panel B. The end of the lug

  34, at the level of the wall 13, abuts against the end 42 of the groove 32.

  Thus, in addition to the precise positioning of the panels relative to one another, due to the interlocking of the stud 34 in the groove 35, a

  wedging the panels relative to each other.

  To make the seal between the different panels, the lower block 16 has in its thickness, recesses 7 and 17, located at the valley or reentrant edge, between the walls 4 and 5 on the one hand and the bottom of

rebate 45 on the other hand.

  These recesses 7 and 17 extend over the entire length of the two branches of the rabbet bottom 45, and intersect at the edge 9 of the

walls 4 and 5.

  Sealing can be achieved by a seal of suitable shape or by removing a bead of mastic made of polyurethane-like material which allows

  at the same time to glue the panels together.

  Figures 2 to 6 show in detail the panel shown

figure 1.

  Note in Figures 4, 5 and 6, that blocks 6 and 16 preferably have

the same thickness.

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  Block 6 has on its lower surface constituting the bottom of

  rebate 23, grooves 32 and 33.

  Block 16, the upper surfaces of which form the rebate background

  , has tenons 34 and 35 respectively.

  We also find, in the different figures, the recesses 7 and 17 which

  allow to place a sealing bead like silicone sealant or other.

  We also find the ends 42 of the groove 32, Figure 4 and 43

of groove 33, Figure 6.

  These ends allow, as previously mentioned, to wedge and

  simultaneously index the panels in relation to each other.

  FIG. 5a shows in greater detail, the recess 17 and, between this recess 17 and the rebate bottom 45, a small rebate 47 which borders said recess 17 and constitutes a sort of reservoir for the excess of

  putty for example when assembling adjacent panels.

  This small rebate 47, not shown in the other figures, is also arranged between the recess 7 and the rebate bottom 45, on the side of

  the lateral face 4, and also borders said recess 7.

  Depending on the application, it may be advantageous to maintain a clearance between the upper blocks, that is to say a clearance between the upper surfaces 1, either for aesthetic reasons, or in the case of a tiling, for inserting a seal. FIG. 5 shows that the distance DS between the median axis of the post 35 and the face 5 can be greater, equal as the case may be, to the distance Dl between the axis

  median of groove 33 and face 3.

  This same arrangement is found between the median axis of the tenon 34 and the

  face 4 and between the median axis of the tenon 32 and face 2.

  The surface element has a different space between DS which corresponds to the distance between the post (35 and 34) and respectively the faces (5 and 4) and Dl which corresponds to the distance between the groove (32, 33) and respectively the faces (2 and 3), which difference between DS and SI makes it possible to create a clearance between the upper blocks (6), which interstitial clearance in applications of the tiling or cladding genre, makes it possible to insert a joint or

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  simply a decoration by the presence of a vacuum or the presence of a rod

  highlighting the space between two blocks.

  Figure 8 shows the assembly and positioning of three panels A, B and C with the nesting of the lug 35 of panel A in the groove 33 of the panel C. The end 43 of the groove 33 acts as a stop for the 'end

  the stud 35, which is located at the wall 12.

  In FIG. 8, the three panels A, B, C are fitted and locked in abutment thanks to the ends 42 and 43 of the grooves 32 and 33 respectively. We note, in Figure 9, the positioning of four panels A, B, C, D, which are, from the establishment of panel D locked together all four thanks to the fourth panel which forms a kind of key . This interlocking of four panels between them is carried out thanks to the

  let us hold 34, 35 and the grooves 32, 33 which are arranged in a cross.

  This type of panel-shaped element can therefore be used as a roofing panel. It is easy to see that this type of element can be suitable

  also to all types of flat surfaces, paving, cladding, partitions or others.

  Depending on their destination, these surface elements can be made up

  of composite materials or of wood, sandstone, ceramic, plaster, etc.

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Claims (10)

- CLAIMS -   1.- Surface element, such as a floor, wall, roof or other panel, characterized in that it comprises, arranged at right angles to two adjacent edges of the panel, one on the side of the upper surface (1 ) and the other on the side of the lower surface (11), two rebates (23, 45), the depth of which is such that the bottoms (23, 45) of said rebates are in the same plane, which bottoms also have male-female assembly means, distributed and arranged so as to allow an assembly of the adjacent panels, arranged side by side, and an automatic locking of four panels arranged in a square.   2. A surface element according to claim 1, characterized in that the rebate base (23) has grooves (32, 33) which extend from the walls of the upper rebates to the level of the internal wall of the lower rebate, which grooves constitute the female part of the means assembly.   3.- surface element according to claim 2, characterized in that the   section of each groove (32 and 33) is trapezoidal.   4.- surface element according to any one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that the bottom (45) of the upper rebate has studs (34, 35) projecting, which cooperate with the corresponding groove (32,   33) of the adjacent panel, constituting the male part of the assembly means.   5.- surface element according to claim 4, characterized in that   the grooves (32 and 33) have one end (42, 43) respectively, forming a stop for the studs (34 and 35) respectively of the panels adjacent after assembly.   6.- surface element according to any one of claims 1 to 5,   characterized in that the valley of the upper rebate has a recess (7, 17) which extends over its entire length, making it possible to accommodate a seal or a bead of mastic made of material of the polyurethane type or the like to also produce sealing and / or bonding the panels together. 7.- surface element according to claim 6 characterized in that the recesses (7) and (17) are each bordered by a small rebate (47) which 8 2781513   constitutes a sort of reservoir to house the excess putty by example.   8.- surface element according to any one of claims 1 to 7   characterized in that it is made up, depending on the destination, of composite materials or of wood, sandstone, ceramic, plaster, etc.   9.- surface element according to any one of claims 1 to 7,   characterized in that it comprises a sandwich structure of composite materials, the central part of which is made of an insulating or structuring material.   10.- surface element according to any one of claims 4 to   9, characterized in that it has a different space between DS which corresponds to the distance between the post (35 and 34) and respectively the faces (5 and 4) and Dl which corresponds to the distance between the groove (32, 33 ) and respectively the faces (2 and 3), which difference between DS and Dl makes it possible to create a clearance between the upper blocks (6), which interstitial clearance in applications of the tiling or cladding genre, makes it possible to insert a joint or simply a decoration by the presence of a void or the presence of a rod emphasizing the space between two blocks.