EP1004717A1 - Hollow building blocks set - Google Patents

Hollow building blocks set Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1004717A1
EP1004717A1 EP99460064A EP99460064A EP1004717A1 EP 1004717 A1 EP1004717 A1 EP 1004717A1 EP 99460064 A EP99460064 A EP 99460064A EP 99460064 A EP99460064 A EP 99460064A EP 1004717 A1 EP1004717 A1 EP 1004717A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blocks
main
walls
assembly according
block
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Granted
Application number
EP99460064A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1004717B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Oblin
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Oblin Jean-Pierre
Vertical Bloc
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8623—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic
    • E04B2/8629—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic with both form leaves and spacers being monolithic
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/54—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2002/8676—Wall end details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a set of hollow blocks of construction, intended to be placed on top of each other and to be filled with concrete, to constitute a building wall.
  • blocks are generally called “blocks "and are intended to be positioned on top of each other with an offset in the longitudinal direction, the latter being of the order of a third to a half-block. They are laid dry, which means that we refrain from spreading cement between two neighboring blocks to form their joint planes. On the other hand, the casting of concrete in the hollow spaces of these blocks ensures cohesion and wall resistance.
  • end blocks which, in fact, consist of of standard length block fractions.
  • Document FR-A-38 974 describes elements of standardized construction. Some of these elements have a form parallelepiped, with two longitudinal and vertical walls, connected by several transverse partitions. Their opposite ends are open.
  • These elements can receive U-shaped blocks capable of closing one of their ends.
  • they include baffles or rebates complementary intended to perfect the tightness of the assembly thus constituted.
  • Document FR-A-2,535,763 relates to a block system prefabricated in the shape of "H", which it is possible to join to form beds superimposed.
  • the voids of these blocks receive filling elements in "T" shape, made for example from expanded polystyrene.
  • Hi solid blocks are provided which have nesting shapes females, respectively males. These blocks close the end corresponding to a block "H”.
  • the present invention aims precisely to provide a solution economic to this problem.
  • the transverse offset that exists between the vertical faces of the body of the drawer unit and the vertical longitudinal walls of the main unit can be easily filled with cement, so that the external appearance of the wall thus erected is quite similar to that of a wall erected using conventional concrete blocks.
  • the hollow building block 1 shown in the appended figures and called main block is a precast concrete element which, like concrete blocks currents, has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the long sides are arranged horizontally.
  • the external vertical faces of the two walls 2 are referenced 20, while the opposite internal faces are referenced 21 and 22.
  • the walls 2 have a greater thickness important, which corresponds to the area delimited by the reference 21. We pass from zones 21 to zones 22 by a right angle offset.
  • the walls 2 are connected to each other by transverse partitions and vertical 3 which extend at the level of the recesses of the zones 21 and 22. There are so in this building block two parallel partitions. They have a role stiffening spacers and delimit a central opening 10 which opens both up and down.
  • the partitions 3 are largely indented upward, which allows a good circulation of the concrete which is brought to be poured in the blocks, and this as well between the partitions and from one block to another.
  • One and / or the other of these are intended to receive, sliding, a secondary block or "drawer block".
  • This block referenced 4 in the figures, comprises a body 5 and a heel 6.
  • the body 5 extends longitudinally relative to the block 1 and its opposite faces 7 are intended to engage between the two longitudinal and vertical walls 2 of the block 1.
  • the faces 7 are materialized by walls vertical and parallel.
  • transverse partition 8 forming a spacer, of the same type as the transverse partitions 3 described above.
  • this partition 8 has two grooves 80 separated by a triangular appendage 81.
  • the walls of the faces 7 are extended by a transverse heel 6 whose height H and width l are identical to that of a block 1.
  • the spacing d 3 between the opposite faces 7 of the body 5 is equal, apart from play, to the spacing d 2 between the internal facing faces 22 of the longitudinal walls block 2 of the main block 1.
  • the drawer block 4 is able to slide relative to the main block 1, between a position where it is fully engaged in block 1 so that its transverse heel 6 comes to bear against the vertical end edges of the block 1 and closes the open wall 23 thereof, and intermediate positions, such as that illustrated in FIG. 1, where the drawer unit is simply partially engaged in block 1.
  • the faces 7 extend the longitudinal walls 2 of the block main, with no continuity in the longitudinal direction. That means it there is no discontinuity of material when moving along the block main towards the drawer unit.
  • Block 1 on the right of the figure is strictly identical to that as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the lA block is distinguished only by the fact that only one of its ends is closed by a transverse wall 24, so that it is not suitable for receive a block 4 by its only open end 23.
  • Blocks 1 and 1A have strictly the same dimensions and have for example a length of 60 cm.
  • Block 1B has a structure similar to that of block 1A, if this is that its length is more reduced, for example of the order of 40 cm.
  • the spacing d 1 between the faces 21 facing the walls 2, in the non-engagement zone of a block 4 is less than the spacing d 3 between the opposite faces 7 of the body 5 of the drawer unit.
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of the wall element thus formed.
  • the bottom row is made up of a juxtaposition of two blocks 1 framed by two blocks with a single opening 1A. Note that the openings of the different blocks are arranged facing each other. Assuming that the length of blocks 1 and lA is 60 cm, a row of 2.40 has thus been formed meters long. This row is therefore built without using a single block drawer 4.
  • Figure 8 is shown schematically a part of the wall in "L" of which one branch is made up of a block 1A while the other branch is constituted by a block 1 open at its two ends, its free end receiving a block 4, the heel of which abuts against the main block.
  • the width l of the blocks is 15 cm, and always to respect the principle of shifting from a third to a half block, we then arrange for the length L ' of the heel 6 of the block 4 to be equal to 5 cm. In this way the sum I + L ' (i.e. 20 cm) is equal to a sub-multiple of the length L (i.e. 60 cm). The offset of a third can then be respected for the erection of the second row of blocks of the wall.
  • Traditional formwork blocks are generally used when the walls they constitute must be subjected to perpendicular forces. It is especially the case when it is a wall on which comes to rest laterally a mass of earth.
  • the blocks according to the invention which can be qualified as blocking blocks, when made in a width of 15 cm, are suitable for use in the manner of traditional concrete blocks with a width of 20 cm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)

Abstract

The set of blocks comprises principal blocks (1) with two longitudinal vertical walls (2) connected by a transverse partition (3) and an open transverse end wall (23). Secondary blocks (4) are able to be engaged by sliding into the principal blocks through their open wall. The secondary blocks have a body (5), the opposite faces of which extend parallel to the longitudinal walls of the principal blocks, and a transverse end heel (6). When the secondary blocks are completely engaged in the principal blocks the heel seals the open end wall. When they are only partially engaged the opposite faces (7) of the secondary blocks extend the longitudinal walls of the principal blocks.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un ensemble de blocs creux de construction, destinés à être posés les uns sur les autres et à être remplis de béton, pour constituer une paroi de bâtiment.The present invention relates to a set of hollow blocks of construction, intended to be placed on top of each other and to be filled with concrete, to constitute a building wall.

En termes du métier, de tels blocs sont généralement appelés "blocs à bancher" et sont destinés à être positionnés les uns sur les autres avec un décalage dans le sens longitudinal, ce dernier étant de l'ordre d'un tiers à un demi-bloc. Ils sont disposés à sec, ce qui signifie que l'on s'abstient de répandre du ciment entre deux blocs voisins pour constituer leurs plans de joints. Par contre, le coulage de béton dans les espaces creux de ces blocs permet d'assurer la cohésion et la résistance de la paroi.In terms of the profession, such blocks are generally called "blocks "and are intended to be positioned on top of each other with an offset in the longitudinal direction, the latter being of the order of a third to a half-block. They are laid dry, which means that we refrain from spreading cement between two neighboring blocks to form their joint planes. On the other hand, the casting of concrete in the hollow spaces of these blocks ensures cohesion and wall resistance.

Pour compenser le décalage longitudinal entre les blocs, notamment en bordure de paroi, on utilise des blocs dits "d'about" qui, en fait, sont constitués de fractions de blocs de longueur standard.To compensate for the longitudinal offset between the blocks, in particular at the edge of the wall, so-called "end" blocks are used which, in fact, consist of of standard length block fractions.

Dans la pratique, ces blocs d'about sont généralement obtenus par fractionnement de blocs entiers.In practice, these end blocks are generally obtained by splitting whole blocks.

Cette coupe est mise en oeuvre directement sur le chantier. Il s'agit d'une opération fastidieuse et mise en oeuvre de manière empirique. Dans la plupart des cas, des fractions importantes de blocs sont cassées, donc non réutilisables, ce qui génère des surcoûts importants.This cut is implemented directly on the site. It's about a tedious operation and implemented empirically. Most of them cases, large fractions of blocks are broken, therefore not reusable, this which generates significant additional costs.

On décrit dans le document FR-A-38 974 des éléments de construction standardisés. Certains de ces éléments ont une forme parallélépipèdique, avec deux parois longitudinales et verticales, reliées par plusieurs cloisons transversales. Leurs extrémités opposées sont ouvertes.Document FR-A-38 974 describes elements of standardized construction. Some of these elements have a form parallelepiped, with two longitudinal and vertical walls, connected by several transverse partitions. Their opposite ends are open.

Ces éléments peuvent recevoir des blocs en "U" aptes à fermer l'une de leurs extrémités. Dans ce but, ils comportent des chicanes ou feuillures complémentaires destinées à parfaire l'étanchéité de l'ensemble ainsi constitué.These elements can receive U-shaped blocks capable of closing one of their ends. For this purpose, they include baffles or rebates complementary intended to perfect the tightness of the assembly thus constituted.

Le document FR-A-2 535 763 se rapporte à un système de blocs préfabriqués en forme de "H", qu'il est possible d'abouter pour former des lits superposés.Document FR-A-2,535,763 relates to a block system prefabricated in the shape of "H", which it is possible to join to form beds superimposed.

Les vides de ces blocs reçoivent des éléments de remplissage en forme de "T", réalisés par exemple en polystyrène expansé. The voids of these blocks receive filling elements in "T" shape, made for example from expanded polystyrene.

Il est prévu des blocs pleins "Hi" qui ont des formes d'emboítement femelles, respectivement mâles. Ces blocs permettent de fermer l'extrémité correspondante d'un bloc "H"."Hi" solid blocks are provided which have nesting shapes females, respectively males. These blocks close the end corresponding to a block "H".

Dans la pratique, les blocs de fermeture décrits dans ces documents ne permettent de résoudre le problème de décalage longitudinal des blocs, tel qu'il a été exposé plus haut.In practice, the closing blocks described in these documents do not solve the problem of longitudinal offset of the blocks, as it has been discussed above.

La présente invention vise justement à apporter une solution économique à ce problème.The present invention aims precisely to provide a solution economic to this problem.

Plus précisément, elle vise à proposer un ensemble de blocs dont la longueur puisse être réglée à volonté, sans découpe, pour réaliser une "mise à la cote" quel que soit le cas de figure qui se présente au maçon.More specifically, it aims to propose a set of blocks whose length can be adjusted at will, without cutting, to achieve a "setting odds "whatever the scenario presented to the mason.

Il s'agit d'un ensemble de blocs de structure simple, qui ne remet aucunement en question l'aspect extérieur de la paroi ainsi construite, ni l'opération de remplissage de leur espace interne à l'aide de béton.It is a set of blocks of simple structure, which does not in no way questioned the external appearance of the wall thus constructed, nor the operation filling their internal space with concrete.

Cet ensemble de blocs comprend :

  • des blocs principaux de forme parallélépipèdique comprenant deux parois longitudinales et verticales reliées par au moins une cloison transversale, et dont au moins une paroi d'extrémité transversale est ouverte ;
  • des blocs secondaires ou "blocs tiroirs", aptes à être engagés par coulissement dans les blocs principaux par leur paroi d'extrémité ouverte, ces blocs présentant un corps dont les faces opposées s'étendent parallèlement aux parois longitudinales des blocs principaux, et un talon d'extrémité transversal, de sorte que lorsque les blocs secondaires sont complètement engagés dans les blocs principaux, le talon transversal obture leur paroi d'extrémité ouverte, tandis que lorsqu'ils y sont partiellement engagés, les faces opposées des blocs secondaires prolongent les parois longitudinales des blocs principaux sans solution de continuité dans le sens longitudinal,
   les parois longitudinales des blocs principaux, dans la zone d'engagement des blocs secondaires, présentant un écartement mutuel supérieur au reste des blocs, de sorte que lorsque plusieurs blocs principaux sont superposés avec décalage dans le sens longitudinal, les blocs secondaires peuvent prendre appui sur lesdites parois longitudinales des blocs principaux de la paroi sous-jacente, dans leur zone d'écartement mutuel réduit.This set of blocks includes:
  • main blocks of parallelepiped shape comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls connected by at least one transverse partition, and at least one transverse end wall of which is open;
  • secondary blocks or "drawer blocks", capable of being slidably engaged in the main blocks by their open end wall, these blocks having a body whose opposite faces extend parallel to the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, and a heel transverse end, so that when the secondary blocks are fully engaged in the main blocks, the transverse heel closes their open end wall, while when they are partially engaged there, the opposite faces of the secondary blocks extend the walls longitudinal of the main blocks with no continuity in the longitudinal direction,
the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, in the engagement zone of the secondary blocks, having a mutual spacing greater than the rest of the blocks, so that when several main blocks are superimposed with offset in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks can be supported on said longitudinal walls of the main blocks of the underlying wall, in their region of reduced mutual spacing.

Ainsi, en faisant coulisser à volonté un bloc tiroir par rapport à un bloc principal, on fait varier la longueur de l'ensemble. De cette façon, il n'est plus nécessaire d'avoir à recourir à la coupe de blocs entiers pour réaliser des "mises à la cote".Thus, by sliding a drawer unit at will relative to a main block, the length of the assembly is varied. In this way, he is no longer necessary to have to resort to cutting whole blocks to carry out "updates side".

Le décalage transversal qui existe entre les faces verticales du corps du bloc tiroir et les parois longitudinales verticales du bloc principal peut être aisément comblé par du ciment, de sorte que l'aspect externe de la paroi ainsi érigée est tout à fait similaire à celui d'une paroi érigée à l'aide de parpaings classiques.The transverse offset that exists between the vertical faces of the body of the drawer unit and the vertical longitudinal walls of the main unit can be easily filled with cement, so that the external appearance of the wall thus erected is quite similar to that of a wall erected using conventional concrete blocks.

Par ailleurs, selon d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses mais non limitatives :

  • le talon des blocs secondaires présente des hauteur et largeur identiques à celles des blocs principaux ;
  • l'écartement entre les faces opposées du corps des blocs secondaires est égal, au jeu près, à l'écartement entre les faces internes en regard des parois longitudinales des blocs principaux, dans leur zone d'engagement desdits blocs secondaires ;
  • le corps desdits blocs secondaires est constitué de deux parois verticales parallèles séparées par une cloison transversale verticale ;
  • la longueur L' du talon des blocs secondaires est telle que, additionnée à la largeur l des blocs principaux, elle est égale à un sous-multiple de la longueur L des blocs principaux ;
  • la longueur L' est égale à 5 cm, tandis que la largeur l est égale à 15 cm et la longueur L est égale à 40 cm ou 60 cm ;
  • l'ensemble comporte des blocs principaux ouverts à leurs deux extrémités opposées ;
  • l'ensemble comporte également des blocs principaux ouverts à une seule extrémité ;
  • l'ensemble comporte des blocs principaux de longueurs différentes.
Furthermore, according to other advantageous but non-limiting characteristics:
  • the heel of the secondary blocks has the same height and width as those of the main blocks;
  • the spacing between the opposite faces of the body of the secondary blocks is equal, apart from play, to the spacing between the internal faces opposite the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, in their zone of engagement of said secondary blocks;
  • the body of said secondary blocks consists of two parallel vertical walls separated by a vertical transverse partition;
  • the length L ' of the heel of the secondary blocks is such that, added to the width l of the main blocks, it is equal to a submultiple of the length L of the main blocks;
  • the length L ' is equal to 5 cm, while the width l is equal to 15 cm and the length L is equal to 40 cm or 60 cm;
  • the assembly includes main blocks open at their two opposite ends;
  • the assembly also includes main blocks open at one end only;
  • the set includes main blocks of different lengths.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel mais non limitatif. Cette description sera faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc principal et d'un bloc secondaire, partiellement engagés l'un dans l'autre ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus des blocs de la figure 1, le bloc secondaire étant complètement engagé dans le bloc principal ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en bout d'un bloc principal ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de dessus de trois formes de réalisation possibles d'un bloc principal et d'une forme de réalisation d'un bloc secondaire ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue de dessus d'un bloc principal recevant, posé sur lui, un bloc secondaire ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue schématique visant à montrer, en vue de dessus, la structure de deux rangées de blocs superposés, ces rangées étant représentées l'une à côté de l'autre, pour une meilleure compréhension ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue de face de la superposition de blocs de la figure 6 ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue analogue à la figure 6, mais correspondant à la construction d'une paroi comportant un angle droit.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows of a preferred but non-limiting embodiment. This description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a main block and a secondary block, partially engaged one in the other;
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the blocks of Figure 1, the secondary block being fully engaged in the main block;
  • Figure 3 is an end view of a main block;
  • Figure 4 is a top view of three possible embodiments of a main block and an embodiment of a secondary block;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of a main block receiving, placed on it, a secondary block;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view to show, in top view, the structure of two rows of superimposed blocks, these rows being shown one next to the other, for better understanding;
  • Figure 7 is a front view of the stack of blocks of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 6, but corresponding to the construction of a wall having a right angle.

Le bloc de construction creux 1 représenté sur les figures annexées et appelé bloc principal, est un élément en béton préfabriqué qui, comme les parpaings courants, a la forme d'un parallélépipède rectangle.The hollow building block 1 shown in the appended figures and called main block, is a precast concrete element which, like concrete blocks currents, has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

Il est composé de deux parois longitudinales et verticales 2 dont les grands côtés sont disposés horizontalement. Les faces verticales externes des deux parois 2 sont référencées 20, tandis que les faces internes opposées sont référencées 21 et 22. En fait, dans la partie centrale du bloc, les parois 2 ont une épaisseur plus importante, ce qui correspond à la zone délimitée par la référence 21. On passe des zones 21 aux zones 22 par un décrochement à angle droit.It is composed of two longitudinal and vertical walls 2, the long sides are arranged horizontally. The external vertical faces of the two walls 2 are referenced 20, while the opposite internal faces are referenced 21 and 22. In fact, in the central part of the block, the walls 2 have a greater thickness important, which corresponds to the area delimited by the reference 21. We pass from zones 21 to zones 22 by a right angle offset.

Les parois 2 sont reliées l'une à l'autre par des cloisons transversales et verticales 3 qui s'étendent au niveau des décrochements des zones 21 et 22. Il y a donc dans ce bloc de construction deux cloisons parallèles. Elles ont un rôle d'entretoises de rigidification et délimitent une ouverture centrale 10 qui débouche aussi bien vers le haut que vers le bas.The walls 2 are connected to each other by transverse partitions and vertical 3 which extend at the level of the recesses of the zones 21 and 22. There are so in this building block two parallel partitions. They have a role stiffening spacers and delimit a central opening 10 which opens both up and down.

Les cloisons 3 sont largement échancrées vers le haut, ce qui autorise une bonne circulation du béton qui est amené à être coulé dans les blocs, et ceci aussi bien entre les cloisons et d'un bloc à l'autre.The partitions 3 are largely indented upward, which allows a good circulation of the concrete which is brought to be poured in the blocks, and this as well between the partitions and from one block to another.

Transversalement, leur chant supérieur comporte deux rainures 30 séparées par un appendice 31 de forme sensiblement triangulaire, les rainures étant destinées à recevoir longitudinalement des fers d'armature horizontaux.Transversally, their upper edge has two grooves 30 separated by an appendage 31 of substantially triangular shape, the grooves being intended to receive longitudinally horizontal reinforcing bars.

Comme le montrent particulièrement les figures 1 et 2, les deux parois d'extrémité opposées 23 du bloc 1 sont ouvertes.As particularly shown in Figures 1 and 2, the two opposite end walls 23 of block 1 are open.

L'une et/ou l'autre de celles-ci sont destinées à recevoir, à coulissement, un bloc secondaire ou "bloc tiroir". One and / or the other of these are intended to receive, sliding, a secondary block or "drawer block".

Ce bloc, référencé 4 sur les figures, comporte un corps 5 et un talon 6. Le corps 5 s'étend longitudinalement par rapport au bloc 1 et ses faces opposées 7 sont destinées à s'engager entre les deux parois longitudinales et verticales 2 du bloc 1. Dans le cas représenté ici, les faces 7 sont matérialisées par des parois verticales et parallèles.This block, referenced 4 in the figures, comprises a body 5 and a heel 6. The body 5 extends longitudinally relative to the block 1 and its opposite faces 7 are intended to engage between the two longitudinal and vertical walls 2 of the block 1. In the case shown here, the faces 7 are materialized by walls vertical and parallel.

Ces dernières sont maintenues écartées par une cloison transversale 8 formant entretoise, du même type que les cloisons transversales 3 décrites plus haut. D'une manière similaire à ces dernières, cette cloison 8 comporte deux rainures 80 séparées par un appendice de forme triangulaire 81.These are kept apart by a transverse partition 8 forming a spacer, of the same type as the transverse partitions 3 described above. In a similar manner to the latter, this partition 8 has two grooves 80 separated by a triangular appendage 81.

A l'une de leurs extrémités, les parois des faces 7 se prolongent par un talon transversal 6 dont la hauteur H et la largeur l sont identiques à celle d'un bloc 1.At one of their ends, the walls of the faces 7 are extended by a transverse heel 6 whose height H and width l are identical to that of a block 1.

De préférence, l'écartement d3 entre les faces opposées 7 du corps 5 est égal, au jeu près, à l'écartement d2 entre les faces internes en regard 22 des parois longitudinales bloc 2 du bloc principal 1.Preferably, the spacing d 3 between the opposite faces 7 of the body 5 is equal, apart from play, to the spacing d 2 between the internal facing faces 22 of the longitudinal walls block 2 of the main block 1.

Ainsi, le bloc tiroir 4 est apte à coulisser par rapport au bloc principal 1, entre une position où il est complètement engagé dans le bloc 1 de telle façon que son talon transversal 6 vient en appui contre les chants verticaux d'extrémité du bloc 1 et en obture la paroi ouverte 23, et des positions intermédiaires, telles que celle illustrée à la figure 1, où le bloc tiroir est simplement partiellement engagé dans le bloc 1. Ainsi, les faces 7 prolongent les parois longitudinales 2 du bloc principal, sans solution de continuité dans le sens longitudinal. Cela signifie qu'il n'y a aucune discontinuité de matière lorsque l'on se déplace le long du bloc principal en direction du bloc tiroir.Thus, the drawer block 4 is able to slide relative to the main block 1, between a position where it is fully engaged in block 1 so that its transverse heel 6 comes to bear against the vertical end edges of the block 1 and closes the open wall 23 thereof, and intermediate positions, such as that illustrated in FIG. 1, where the drawer unit is simply partially engaged in block 1. Thus, the faces 7 extend the longitudinal walls 2 of the block main, with no continuity in the longitudinal direction. That means it there is no discontinuity of material when moving along the block main towards the drawer unit.

De cette façon, il est possible de régler, dans une certaine limite, la longueur totale du bloc de construction 1.In this way, it is possible to adjust, within a certain limit, the total length of building block 1.

Bien entendu, afin d'obtenir une planéité de surface, il sera nécessaire de combler le creux C qui s'étend entre une extrémité verticale du bloc 1, et le talon 6 du bloc tiroir 4, par une épaisseur de ciment.Of course, in order to obtain a surface flatness, it will be necessary to fill the hollow C which extends between a vertical end of the block 1, and the heel 6 of the drawer block 4, with a thickness of cement.

A la figure 4 sont représentés trois exemples différents de blocs principaux.In Figure 4 are represented three different examples of blocks main.

Le bloc 1 situé sur la droite de la figure est strictement identique à celui tel que décrit en référence aux figures 1 et 2.Block 1 on the right of the figure is strictly identical to that as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Le bloc lA s'en distingue uniquement par le fait qu'une seule de ses extrémités est obturée par une paroi transversale 24, de sorte qu'il n'est apte à recevoir qu'un bloc 4 par sa seule extrémité ouverte 23. The lA block is distinguished only by the fact that only one of its ends is closed by a transverse wall 24, so that it is not suitable for receive a block 4 by its only open end 23.

Les blocs 1 et 1A présentent strictement les mêmes dimensions et ont par exemple une longueur de 60 cm.Blocks 1 and 1A have strictly the same dimensions and have for example a length of 60 cm.

Le bloc 1B présente une structure similaire à celle du bloc 1A, si ce n'est que sa longueur est plus réduite, par exemple de l'ordre de 40 cm.Block 1B has a structure similar to that of block 1A, if this is that its length is more reduced, for example of the order of 40 cm.

En se reportant maintenant à la figure 5, on constate que l'écartement d1 entre les faces 21 en regard des parois 2, dans la zone de non-engagement d'un bloc 4, est inférieur à l'écartement d3 entre les faces opposées 7 du corps 5 du bloc tiroir.Referring now to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the spacing d 1 between the faces 21 facing the walls 2, in the non-engagement zone of a block 4, is less than the spacing d 3 between the opposite faces 7 of the body 5 of the drawer unit.

Comme déjà dit, lorsque l'on construit une paroi avec de tels blocs de construction, on prend soin de décaler longitudinalement les blocs d'une rangée déterminée par rapport aux blocs de la rangée sous-jacente. De ce fait, un bloc tiroir 4 qui est totalement ou partiellement engagé dans un bloc 1 d'une rangée déterminée se trouve en appui contre les chants supérieurs du bloc 1 sous-jacent dans sa zone d'écartement minimal d1 . Du fait que d1 est inférieur à d3 , le bloc tiroir trouve donc un appui parfaitement stable.As already said, when building a wall with such building blocks, care is taken to offset longitudinally the blocks of a given row relative to the blocks of the underlying row. As a result, a drawer block 4 which is totally or partially engaged in a block 1 of a determined row is in abutment against the upper edges of the underlying block 1 in its zone of minimum spacing d 1 . Because d 1 is less than d 3 , the drawer unit therefore finds a perfectly stable support.

Comme présenté plus haut, la figure 6 illustre de manière schématique, en vue de dessus, deux rangées de blocs superposés constituant une partie de mur plan. Sur cette figure, la ligne supérieure de blocs constitue la rangée inférieure du mur tandis que la ligne inférieure en constitue la rangée supérieure. En parallèle, la figure 7 représente de face l'élément de mur ainsi constitué.As presented above, Figure 6 illustrates so schematic, in top view, two rows of superimposed blocks constituting a part of plane wall. In this figure, the upper line of blocks constitutes the row lower wall while the lower line constitutes the upper row. In FIG. 7 is a front view of the wall element thus formed.

La rangée inférieure est formée d'une juxtaposition de deux blocs 1 encadrés par deux blocs à une seule ouverture 1A. On notera que les ouvertures des différents blocs sont disposées en regard les uns des autres. En supposant que la longueur des blocs 1 et lA soit de 60 cm, on a ainsi constitué une rangée de 2,40 mètres de long. Cette rangée est donc construite sans avoir recours à un seul bloc tiroir 4.The bottom row is made up of a juxtaposition of two blocks 1 framed by two blocks with a single opening 1A. Note that the openings of the different blocks are arranged facing each other. Assuming that the length of blocks 1 and lA is 60 cm, a row of 2.40 has thus been formed meters long. This row is therefore built without using a single block drawer 4.

En partant du principe que le décalage de la rangée de blocs supérieurs doit être d'un tiers à un demi bloc, on commence à mettre en place, pour la rangée supérieure un bloc 1B de 40 cm de long, suivi de deux blocs 1 de 60 cm de long. Il reste donc une longueur de 80 cm à garnir pour compléter la longueur du mur. Ceci est réalisé, comme le montrent les figures 6 et 7, en posant un bloc 1A et en y engagement partiellement un bloc tiroir 4. On fait coulisser ce dernier de manière à ce que le rebord externe de son talon 6 arrive à l'aplomb du rebord correspond du bloc 1A sous-jacent. Il suffit alors de remplir les creux C qui s'étendent entre le bloc 1A et le talon 6 du bloc tiroir 4 par une petite couche de ciment, pour donner un aspect de surface correct au mur. Starting from the principle that the offset of the row of upper blocks must be from one third to half a block, we begin to set up, for the upper row, a block 1B 40 cm long, followed by two blocks 1 of 60 cm long. There is therefore a length of 80 cm to fill to complete the length of the wall. This is achieved, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, by placing a block 1A and partially engaging a drawer block 4. It is made to slide the latter so that the outer edge of its heel 6 comes to plumb of the rim corresponds to the underlying block 1A. It then suffices to fill the recesses C which extend between the block 1A and the heel 6 of the drawer block 4 with a small layer of cement, to give a correct surface appearance to the wall.

On vient de montrer qu'il est donc possible, sans avoir à couper des blocs principaux, de réaliser des murs de longueurs différentes.We have just shown that it is therefore possible, without having to cut main blocks, to realize walls of different lengths.

Bien entendu, pour assurer la continuité du mur ainsi construit, il suffit de couler verticalement du béton dans les différents espaces creux que présente l'ensemble des blocs 1, 1A, 1B et 4.Of course, to ensure the continuity of the wall thus constructed, it just pour concrete vertically in the different hollow spaces that presents all of blocks 1, 1A, 1B and 4.

A la figure 8 est représentée schématiquement une partie de mur en "L" dont une branche est constituée par un bloc 1A tandis que l'autre branche est constituée par un bloc 1 ouvert à ses deux extrémités, son extrémité libre recevant un bloc 4 dont le talon est en butée contre le bloc principal.In Figure 8 is shown schematically a part of the wall in "L" of which one branch is made up of a block 1A while the other branch is constituted by a block 1 open at its two ends, its free end receiving a block 4, the heel of which abuts against the main block.

Dans l'hypothèse où la largeur l des blocs est de 15 cm, et toujours pour respecter le principe de décalage d'un tiers à un demi bloc, on s'arrange alors pour que la longueur L' du talon 6 du bloc 4 soit égale à 5 cm. De cette façon la somme I + L' (soit 20 cm) est égale à un sous multiple de la longueur L (soit 60 cm). Le décalage d'un tiers peut alors être respecté pour l'érection de la seconde rangée de blocs du mur.Assuming that the width l of the blocks is 15 cm, and always to respect the principle of shifting from a third to a half block, we then arrange for the length L ' of the heel 6 of the block 4 to be equal to 5 cm. In this way the sum I + L ' (i.e. 20 cm) is equal to a sub-multiple of the length L (i.e. 60 cm). The offset of a third can then be respected for the erection of the second row of blocks of the wall.

Les blocs à bancher traditionnels sont généralement utilisés lorsque les murs qu'ils constituent doivent être soumis à des efforts perpendiculaires. C'est notamment le cas lorsqu'il s'agit d'un mur sur lequel vient prendre appui latéralement une masse de terre. Or, les blocs selon l'invention, qui peuvent être qualifiés de blocs à bancher, lorsqu'ils sont réalisés dans une largeur de 15 cm, sont aptes à être utilisés à la manière de parpaings traditionnels d'une largeur de 20 cm.Traditional formwork blocks are generally used when the walls they constitute must be subjected to perpendicular forces. It is especially the case when it is a wall on which comes to rest laterally a mass of earth. However, the blocks according to the invention, which can be qualified as blocking blocks, when made in a width of 15 cm, are suitable for use in the manner of traditional concrete blocks with a width of 20 cm.

Claims (9)

Ensemble de blocs creux de construction, destinés à être posés à sec les uns sur les autres et à être remplis de béton, pour constituer une paroi de bâtiment, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend : des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B) de forme parallélépipèdique comprenant deux parois longitudinales et verticales (2) reliées par au moins une cloison transversale (3), et dont au moins une paroi d'extrémité transversale (23) est ouverte ; des blocs secondaires ou "blocs tiroirs" (4), aptes à être engagés par coulissement dans les blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B) par leur paroi d'extrémité ouverte (23), ces blocs présentant un corps (5) dont les faces opposées s'étendent parallèlement aux parois longitudinales (2) des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B), et un talon d'extrémité (6) transversal, de sorte que lorsque les blocs secondaires (4) sont complètement engagés dans les blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B), le talon transversal (6) obture leur paroi d'extrémité ouverte (23), tandis que lorsqu'ils y sont partiellement engagés, les faces opposées (7) des blocs secondaires (4) prolongent les parois longitudinales des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B) sans solution de continuité dans le sens longitudinal,    et que les parois longitudinales (2) des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B), dans la zone d'engagement des blocs secondaires (4), présentent un écartement mutuel (d2) supérieur au reste des blocs, de sorte que lorsque plusieurs blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B) sont superposés avec décalage dans le sens longitudinal, les blocs secondaires (4) peuvent prendre appui sur lesdites parois longitudinales (2) des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B) de la paroi sous-jacente, dans leur zone d'écartement mutuel réduit (d1).Set of hollow building blocks, intended to be laid dry on top of each other and to be filled with concrete, to constitute a building wall, characterized in that it comprises: main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) of parallelepipedal shape comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls (2) connected by at least one transverse partition (3), and at least one transverse end wall (23) of which is open; secondary blocks or "drawer blocks" (4), capable of being engaged by sliding in the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) by their open end wall (23), these blocks having a body (5) whose opposite faces extend parallel to the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), and an end bead (6) transverse, so that when the secondary blocks (4) are completely engaged in the blocks main (1, 1A, 1B), the transverse heel (6) closes their open end wall (23), while when they are partially engaged there, the opposite faces (7) of the secondary blocks (4) extend the longitudinal walls of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) with no continuity in the longitudinal direction, and that the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), in the zone of engagement of the secondary blocks (4), have a mutual spacing (d 2 ) greater than the rest of the blocks, so that when several main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) are superimposed with offset in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks (4) can bear on said longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) of the sub-wall adjacent, in their zone of reduced mutual spacing (d 1 ). Ensemble selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le talon (6) des blocs secondaires (4) présente des hauteur (H) et largeur (l) identiques à celles des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B), dans la zone d'engagement desdits blocs secondaires.Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the heel (6) of the secondary blocks (4) has identical height (H) and width (l) to those of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), in the zone of engagement of said blocks secondary. Ensemble selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'écartement entre les faces opposées (7) du corps (5) des blocs secondaires (4) est égal, au jeu près, à l'écartement entre les faces internes en regard (22) des parois longitudinales (2) des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B). Assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacing between the opposite faces (7) of the body (5) of the secondary blocks (4) is equal, apart from play, to the spacing between the opposite internal faces (22) of the walls longitudinal (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B). Ensemble selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que le corps (5) desdits blocs secondaires (4) est constitué de deux parois verticales parallèles (7) séparées par une cloison transversale verticale (8).Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the body (5) of said secondary blocks (4) consists of two walls parallel verticals (7) separated by a vertical transverse partition (8). Ensemble selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que la longueur (L') du talon (6) des blocs secondaires (4) est telle que, additionnée à la largeur (1) des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B), elle est égale à un sous-multiple de la longueur (L) des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B).Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the length (L ') of the heel (6) of the secondary blocks (4) is such that, added to the width (1) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), it is equal to one submultiple of the length (L) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B). Ensemble selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que la longueur (L') est égale à 5 cm, tandis que la largeur (l) est égale à 15 cm et la longueur (L) est égale à 40 cm ou 60 cm.Assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the length (L ') is equal to 5 cm, while width (l) is equal to 15 cm and the length (L) is equal to 40 cm or 60 cm. Ensemble selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des blocs principaux (1) ouverts à leurs deux extrémités opposées (23).Assembly according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized by the has main blocks (1) open at both ends opposite (23). Ensemble selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte également des blocs principaux (1A, 1B) ouverts à une seule extrémité.Assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that it also has main blocks (1A, 1B) open at one end. Ensemble selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des blocs principaux (1, 1A, 1B) de longueurs différentes.Assembly according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized by the because it has main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) of different lengths.
EP99460064A 1998-11-24 1999-11-23 Hollow building blocks set Expired - Lifetime EP1004717B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9814923A FR2786214B1 (en) 1998-11-24 1998-11-24 SET OF HOLLOW CONSTRUCTION BLOCKS
FR9814923 1998-11-24

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EP1004717A1 true EP1004717A1 (en) 2000-05-31
EP1004717B1 EP1004717B1 (en) 2004-07-07

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EP99460064A Expired - Lifetime EP1004717B1 (en) 1998-11-24 1999-11-23 Hollow building blocks set

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EP (1) EP1004717B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE270735T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69918514T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2222677T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2786214B1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2850411B1 (en) 2003-01-24 2005-04-01 Jean Pierre Oblin BLOCK AND SET OF HOLLOW BUILDING BLOCKS
CN112663816A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-16 青岛建设集团有限公司 Assembled reinforced wall body steering device and assembling method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR38974E (en) * 1929-03-19 1931-08-10 standardized elements for series constructions and their use
US3222830A (en) * 1963-03-04 1965-12-14 George R Ivany Wall construction and module
FR2497529A1 (en) * 1981-01-07 1982-07-09 Fabrication Betons Moules Indl Hollow blocks forming lost shutters for concrete walls - have notches for cutting to length to suit any wall
FR2535763A1 (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-11 Composants Isolation Batiment System of precast blocks for the construction industry.
US4688364A (en) * 1985-04-29 1987-08-25 Raymond Fiehler Construction system and components therefor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR38974E (en) * 1929-03-19 1931-08-10 standardized elements for series constructions and their use
US3222830A (en) * 1963-03-04 1965-12-14 George R Ivany Wall construction and module
FR2497529A1 (en) * 1981-01-07 1982-07-09 Fabrication Betons Moules Indl Hollow blocks forming lost shutters for concrete walls - have notches for cutting to length to suit any wall
FR2535763A1 (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-11 Composants Isolation Batiment System of precast blocks for the construction industry.
US4688364A (en) * 1985-04-29 1987-08-25 Raymond Fiehler Construction system and components therefor

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ATE270735T1 (en) 2004-07-15
FR2786214B1 (en) 2001-03-02
FR2786214A1 (en) 2000-05-26
DE69918514T2 (en) 2005-08-25
EP1004717B1 (en) 2004-07-07
ES2222677T3 (en) 2005-02-01
DE69918514D1 (en) 2004-08-12

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