FR2786214A1 - SET OF HOLLOW CONSTRUCTION BLOCKS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a set of hollow building blocks, intended to be laid dry one on top of the other and to be filled with concrete, to constitute a building wall. This set comprises: - main blocks (1) of form parallelepiped comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls (2) connected by at least one transverse partition (3), and of which at least one transverse end wall (23) is open; - secondary blocks or "drawer units" (4) suitable to be engaged by sliding in the main blocks (1) by their open end wall (23), these blocks having a body (5) whose opposite faces extend parallel to the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1) ), and a transverse end heel (6), so that when the secondary blocks (4) are completely engaged in the main blocks (1) the transverse heel (6) closes their open end wall (23), while when they are there partially e Engaged, the opposite faces (7) of the secondary blocks (4) extend the longitudinal walls of the main blocks (1) without a break in continuity in the longitudinal direction.

Description

The present invention relates to a set of hollow blocks of

  construction, intended to be placed on top of each other and to be filled with concrete, for

constitute a building wall.

  In terms of the trade, such blocks are generally called "blocking blocks" and are intended to be positioned one on top of the other with an offset in the longitudinal direction, the latter being of the order of a third to a half block. They are laid dry, which means that we refrain from spreading cement between two neighboring blocks to form their joint planes. On the other hand, pouring concrete in spaces

  hollow of these blocks ensures cohesion and strength of the wall.

  To compensate for the longitudinal offset between the blocks, in particular at the edge of the wall, so-called “end” blocks are used which, in fact, consist of

  standard length block fractions.

  In practice, these end blocks are generally obtained by

splitting whole blocks.

  This cut is implemented directly on the site. It is a tedious operation and implemented empirically. In most cases, large fractions of blocks are broken, therefore not reusable, which generates

significant additional costs.

  The present invention precisely aims to provide an economical solution to

these problems.

  More specifically, it aims to propose a set of blocks whose length can be adjusted at will, without cutting, to achieve a "setting to the coast"

  whatever the case presented to the mason.

  It is a set of blocks of simple structure, which in no way calls into question the external appearance of the wall thus constructed, nor the operation of

  filling their internal space with concrete.

  This set of blocks comprises: - main blocks of parallelepiped shape comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls connected by at least one transverse partition, and of which at least one transverse end wall is open; - Secondary blocks or "drawer blocks", capable of being engaged by sliding in the main blocks by their open end wall, these blocks having a body whose opposite faces extend parallel to the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, and a transverse end heel, so that when the secondary blocks are completely engaged in the main blocks the transverse heel closes their open end wall, while when they are partially engaged there, the opposite faces of the secondary blocks extend the walls

  longitudinal of the main blocks without continuity in the longitudinal direction.

  Thus, by sliding a drawer block at will relative to a main block, the length of the assembly is varied. In this way, it is no longer necessary

  to have to resort to cutting whole blocks to achieve "layouts".

  The transverse offset which exists between the vertical faces of the body of the drawer unit and the vertical longitudinal walls of the main unit can be easily filled with cement, so that the external appearance of the wall thus erected is completely

  similar to that of a wall erected using conventional concrete blocks.

  Furthermore, according to other advantageous non-limiting hand characteristics: - the heel of the secondary blocks has height and width identical to those of the main blocks; - the spacing between the opposite faces of the body of the secondary blocks is

  equal, apart from play, to the spacing between the internal faces opposite the longitudinal walls

  the main blocks; - The body of said secondary blocks consists of two parallel vertical walls separated by a vertical transverse partition;

  - the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, in the engagement area

  Secondary blocks also have a mutual spacing greater than the rest of the blocks, so that when several main blocks are superposed with offset in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks can bear on said longitudinal walls of the main blocks of the underlying wall. , in their area of reduced mutual spacing; the length L ′ of the heel of the secondary blocks is such that, added to the width I of the main blocks, it is equal to a submultiple of the length L of the main blocks; - the length L 'is equal to 5 cm, while the width I is equal to 15 cm and the length L is equal to 40 cm or 60 cm; - The assembly includes main blocks open at their two opposite ends; - The assembly also includes main blocks open at one end;

  - the set includes main blocks of different lengths.

  Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on

  reading of the detailed description which follows of a preferred embodiment but

  not limiting. This description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

  - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a main block and a secondary block, partially engaged one in the other; - Figure 2 is a top view of the blocks of Figure 1, the secondary block being fully engaged in the main block; - Figure 3 is an end view of a main block; - Figure 4 is a top view of three possible embodiments of a main block and an embodiment of a secondary block; - Figure 5 is a top view of a main block receiving, placed on it, a secondary block; - Figure 6 is a schematic view to show, in top view, the structure of two rows of superimposed blocks, these rows being shown one next to the other, for better understanding; - Figure 7 is a front view of the superimposition of blocks of Figure 6; - Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 6, but corresponding to the

  construction of a wall comprising a right angle.

  The hollow building block 1 shown in the appended figures and called the main block, is a precast concrete element which, like the breeze blocks

  currents, has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

  It is composed of two longitudinal and vertical walls 2 whose long sides are arranged horizontally. The external vertical faces of the two walls 2 are referenced 20, while the opposite internal faces are referenced 21 and 22. In fact, in the central part of the block, the walls 2 have a greater thickness, which corresponds to the delimited area by the reference 21. We pass from zones 21 to zones 22

  by a right angle offset.

  The walls 2 are connected to each other by transverse and vertical partitions 3 which extend at the level of the recesses of the zones 21 and 22. There are therefore in this building block two parallel partitions. They have the role of stiffening spacers and delimit a central opening 10 which also opens upwards.

that down.

  r -m i r The partitions 3 are largely notched up, which allows good circulation of the concrete which is caused to be poured in the blocks, and this as well

  between the partitions and from one block to another.

  Transversally, their upper edge comprises two grooves 30 separated by an appendage (31) of substantially triangular shape, the grooves being

  intended to receive longitudinally horizontal reinforcing bars.

  As particularly shown in Figures 1 and 2, the two walls

  opposite ends 23 of block 1 are open.

  One and / or the other of these are intended to receive, with sliding,

  a secondary block or "drawer block".

  This block, referenced 4 in the figures, comprises a body 5 and a heel 6. The body 5 extends longitudinally relative to the block 1 and its opposite faces 7 are intended to engage between the two longitudinal and vertical walls 2 of the block 1. In

  the case shown here, the faces 7 are materialized by vertical and parallel walls.

  These are kept apart by a transverse partition 8

  forming a spacer, of the same type as the transverse partitions 3 described above.

  In a similar manner to the latter, this partition 8 has two grooves 80

  separated by a triangular appendage 81.

  At one of their ends, the walls of the faces 7 are extended by a transverse heel 6 whose height H and width I are strictly identical to that

of a block 1.

  Preferably, the spacing d3 between the opposite faces 7 of the body 5 is equal, apart from play, to the spacing d2 between the opposite internal faces 22 of the walls

  longitudinal block 2 of main block 1.

  Thus, the drawer block 4 is capable of sliding relative to the main block 1 between a position where it is completely engaged in the block 1 so that its transverse heel 6 comes to bear against the vertical end edges of the block 1 and closes the open wall 23, and intermediate positions, such as that illustrated in FIG. 1, where the drawer unit is simply partially engaged in the unit 1, the faces 7 extending the longitudinal walls 2 of the main unit, without a solution of continuity in

the longitudinal direction.

  In this way, it is possible to adjust, within a certain limit, the

  total length of building block 1.

  r i- a r Of course, in order to obtain a surface flatness, it will be necessary to fill the hollow C which extends between a vertical end of the block 1, and the heel 6 of the

  drawer block 4, with a thickness of cement.

  In Figure 4 are shown three different examples of main blocks.

  bad. Block 1 located on the right of the figure is strictly identical to that as

  as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.

  Block 1A is distinguished only by the fact that only one of its ends is closed by a transverse wall 24, so that it is not able to receive

  than a block 4 by its single open end 23.

  Blocks 1 and lA have strictly the same dimensions and have

example a length of 60 cm.

  Block lB has a structure similar to that of block lA, except

  that its length is more reduced, for example of the order of 40 cm.

  Referring now to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the spacing dl between the faces 21 opposite the walls 2, in the non-engagement zone of a block 4,

  is less than the spacing d3 between the opposite faces 7 of the body 5 of the drawer unit.

  As already said, when building a wall with such building blocks, care is taken to offset longitudinally the blocks of a given row relative to the blocks of the underlying row. Therefore, a drawer unit 4 which is totally or partially engaged in a unit 1 of a determined row is in abutment against the upper edges of the underlying unit 1 in its zone of minimum spacing dl. Because dl is less than d3, the drawer unit therefore finds support

perfectly stable.

  As presented above, FIG. 6 schematically illustrates, in top view, two rows of superimposed blocks constituting a part of a flat wall. In this figure, the upper line of blocks constitutes the lower row of the wall while the lower line constitutes the upper row. In parallel, Figure 7 shows

  facing the wall element thus formed.

  The lower row is formed by a juxtaposition of two blocks 1 framed by two blocks with a single opening lA. Note that the openings of the different blocks are arranged opposite each other. Assuming that the length of blocks 1 and 1A is 60 cm, we thus created a row of 2.40 meters

  long. This row is therefore constructed without using a single drawer unit 4.

r - iF -

  Starting from the principle that the offset of the row of upper blocks must be from one third to half a block, we begin to set up, for the upper row, a block LB 40 cm long, followed by two blocks 1 of 60 cm long. There is therefore a length of 80 cm to fill to complete the length of the wall. This is achieved, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, by placing a block 1A and partially engaging a drawer block 4. It is made to slide the latter so that the outer edge of its heel 6 comes to plumb of the corresponding edge of the underlying block lA. It then suffices to fill the recesses C which extend between the block 1A and the heel 6 of the drawer block 4 with a

  small layer of cement, to give a correct surface appearance to the wall.

  We just showed that it is therefore possible, without having to cut blocks

  main, to realize walls of different lengths.

  Of course, to ensure the continuity of the wall thus constructed, it suffices to pour concrete vertically into the various hollow spaces that the assembly presents.

blocks 1, 1A, lB and 4.

  In Figure 8 is shown schematically a portion of wall in "L", one branch of which is constituted by a block 1A while the other branch is constituted by a block 1 open at its two ends, its free end receiving a block 4 of which the

  heel is in abutment against the main block.

  In the hypothesis where the width i of the blocks is 15 cm, and always to respect the principle of shifting from a third to a half block, we then arrange so that the length L 'of the heel 6 of the block 4 is equal to 5 cm. In this way the sum I + L '(that is to say cm) is equal to a sub-multiple of the length L (that is to say 60 cm). The shift of a third

  can then be respected for the erection of the second row of blocks of the wall.

  Traditional shuttering blocks are generally used when the walls they constitute must be subjected to perpendicular forces. This is particularly the case when it is a wall on which is supported laterally a mass of earth. However, the blocks according to the invention, which can be qualified as shuttering blocks, when they are made in a width of 15 cm, are suitable for being used for

  way of traditional concrete blocks with a width of 20 cm.

Claims (10)

  1. Set of hollow building blocks, intended to be laid dry on top of each other and to be filled with concrete, to constitute a building wall, characterized in that it comprises:   - main blocks (1, lA, lB) of parallelepipedal shape including   nant two longitudinal and vertical walls (2) connected by at least one transverse partition (3), and at least one transverse end wall (23) of which is open; - Secondary blocks or "drawer blocks" (4), capable of being engaged by sliding in the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) by their open end wall (23), these blocks having a body (5) of which the opposite faces extend parallel to the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, lA, lB), and an end bead (6) transverse, so that when the secondary blocks (4) are completely engaged in the main blocks (1, lA, lB) the transverse heel (6) closes their open end wall (23), while when they are partially engaged there, the opposite faces (7) of the secondary blocks (4) extend the longitudinal walls of the main blocks (1,   lA, lB) without continuity in the longitudinal direction.   2. Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the heel (6) of the secondary blocks (4) has height (H) and width (1) identical to those of main blocks (1, lA, lB).   3. An assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacing between the opposite faces (7) of the body (5) of the secondary blocks (4) is equal,   apart from play, at the spacing between the opposite internal faces (22) of the longitudinal walls   the (2) of the main blocks (1, lA, lB).   4. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that   that the body (5) of said secondary blocks (4) consists of two vertical walls   parallel (7) separated by a vertical transverse partition (8).   5. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that   that the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), in the zone of engagement of the secondary blocks (4), have a mutual spacing (d2) greater than the rest of the blocks, so that when several blocks main (1, lA, lB) are superimposed with offset in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks (4) can bear on said longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, lA, lB) of the   underlying wall, in their area of reduced mutual spacing (dl).   6. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that   that the length (L ') of the heel (6) of the secondary blocks (4) is such that, added to the width (I) of the main blocks (1, 1A, lB), it is equal to a submultiple of the   length (L) of the main blocks (1, 1A, lB).   7. An assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that the length (L ') is equal to 5 cm, while the width (1) is equal to 15 cm and the length (L) is equal 40 cm or 60 cm.   8. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that   that it comprises main blocks (1) open at their two opposite ends (23).   9. The assembly of claim 8, characterized in that it comprises   also main blocks (lA, lB) open at one end.   10. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that   that it comprises main blocks (1, lA, lB) of different length.