ES2222677T3 - SET OF HOLLOW CONSTRUCTION BLOCKS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Set of hollow building blocks, intended to be placed dry on top of each other and filled with concrete, to constitute a building wall, characterized in that it comprises: - main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) in a parallel-shaped manner comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls (2) joined by at least one transverse partition (3), and of which at least one transverse end wall (23) is open; - secondary blocks or "sliding blocks" (4), suitable for being introduced by sliding in the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) through their open end wall (23), these blocks having a body (5) whose opposite faces they extend parallel to the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), and a transverse end heel (6), so that when the secondary blocks (4) are fully inserted into the main blocks (1 , 1A, 1B), the transverse heel (6) seals its open end wall (23), while when partially inserted, the opposite faces (7) of the secondary blocks (4) extend the longitudinal walls of the main blocks ( 1, 1A, 1B), without continuity solution in the longitudinal direction, and that the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) in the coupling area of the secondary blocks (4), have a mutual separation (d2) higher than the rest of the blocks, so that when several main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) are superimposed with displacement in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks (4) can rest on said longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B ) of the underlying wall, in its zone of reduced mutual separation (d1).

Description

Building block set.

The present invention relates to a set of building blocks, intended to be placed about on the others and to be filled with concrete, to constitute a building wall

In terms of the trade, these blocks are they are generally called "formwork blocks" and are intended to be positioned one above the other with a displacement in the longitudinal direction, the latter being of the order of a third to a semi-block. They are arranged dry, what which means that the operator refrains from spreading cement between two contiguous blocks to constitute their joint planes. For him on the contrary, concrete casting in the hollow spaces of these blocks allows to ensure cohesion and resistance of the wall.

To compensate for longitudinal displacement between the blocks, particularly at the edge of the wall, it they use blocks called "end" that, in fact, they consist of length block fractions standard.

In practice, these extreme blocks are obtained usually by fractionation of whole blocks.

This cut is made directly in the work. Be It is an annoying and empirically performed operation. In in most cases, important fractions of blocks, therefore not reusable, which generates extra costs important.

They are described in the document FR-A-38 974 elements of Standardized construction Some of these elements have a parallelipipede form, with two longitudinal walls and vertical, joined by several transverse partitions. Its extremes Opposites are open.

These elements can receive some blocks in "U" fit to close one of its ends. With this objective, they present some labyrinths or complementary lace destined to improve the tightness of the set thus constituted.

The document FR-A-2 535 763 refers to a "H" shaped prefabricated block system, which is possible to apply end to end to form beds overlays

The gaps in these blocks receive some "T" shaped filling elements, made for example in expanded polystyrene.

"Hi" solid blocks are planned that have a few forms of embedded females, respectively males. These blocks allow closing the corresponding end of a block "H".

In practice, the closure blocks described in these documents do not allow to solve the problem of longitudinal displacement of the blocks, as has been exposed above.

The present invention just provides An economic solution to this problem.

More precisely, it plans to propose a set of blocks whose length can be regulated at will, without trimming, to make a "placement to the dimension" Whatever the case of the figure presented to the builder.

It is a set of structure blocks simple, which does not in any way question the outward appearance of the wall thus constructed, nor the operation of filling its Internal space with the help of concrete.

This set of blocks includes:

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some main blocks of parallelipidedic form comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls joined by at least one transverse septum, and of which at least one extreme wall cross is open;

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some secondary blocks or "sliding blocks" suitable to be Sliding coupled in the main blocks by its wall open-ended, these blocks presenting a body whose faces opposite extend parallel to the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, and a transverse end heel, so that when the secondary blocks are fully introduced in the main blocks, the transverse heel seals its wall extreme open while when they are partially introduced, the opposite faces of the secondary blocks prolong the longitudinal walls of the main blocks without continuity solution in the longitudinal direction,

the longitudinal walls of the blocks main, in the coupling area of the secondary blocks, they have a mutual separation superior to the rest of the blocks, of so that when several main blocks are superimposed with displacement in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks they can rest on said longitudinal walls of the blocks main of the underlying wall, in its zone of mutual separation reduced

Thus, sliding a block at will sliding with respect to a main block, the set length In this way, it is no longer necessary to resort to the cut of whole blocks to realize some "put to the dimension ".

The transverse displacement that exists between the vertical faces of the sliding block body and the walls Longitudinal verticals of the main block can be easily filled with cement, so that the external appearance of the wall so erected is totally similar to that of a wall erected with the Classic perpianos help.

Moreover, according to other characteristics advantageous but not limiting:

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he heel of the secondary blocks has a height and width identical to those of the main blocks;

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the separation between opposite faces of the block body secondary is the same, with the game included, to the separation between the internal faces facing the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, in their coupling zone of said secondary blocks;

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he body of said secondary blocks is constituted by two parallel vertical walls separated by a transverse partition vertical;

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the L 'heel length of the secondary blocks is such that, added to the width l of the main blocks, it is equal to one submultiple of the length L of the main blocks;

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the length L 'is equal to 5 cm, while width I is equal to 15 cm and the length L is equal to 40 cm or 60 cm;

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he set comprises some main blocks opened by its two opposite ends;

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he set also comprises main blocks opened by a only extreme;

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he set comprises main blocks of lengths different.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear with the reading of the detailed description that follows from a preferred but not limiting embodiment. This description will be given with reference to the attached plans, in the which:

- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a main block and a secondary block, partially coupled one in the other;

- Figure 2 is a view above the blocks of figure 1, the secondary block being completely entered in the main block;

- Figure 3 is a view from the end of a main block;

- Figure 4 is a view above three possible embodiments of a main block and a embodiment of a secondary block;

- Figure 5 is a view above a main block that receives, arranged on it, a block secondary;

- Figure 6 is a schematic view that provides show, in view above, the structure of two rows of blocks superimposed, these rows being represented next to the another, for better understanding;

- Figure 7 is a front view of the block overlay of figure 6;

- figure 8 is a view analogous to figure 6, but that corresponds to the construction of a wall that presents a right angle.

The hollow building block 1 represented in the attached figures and called main block, is an element of precast concrete that, like ordinary perpiaños, has the Shape of a rectangular parallelipipede.

It is composed of two longitudinal walls and vertical 2 whose major sides are arranged horizontally. The outer vertical faces of the two walls 2 are referenced 20, while the opposite internal faces are referenced 21 and 22. In fact, in the central part of the block, the  walls 2 have a more important thickness, which corresponds to the zone delimited by reference 21. It goes from zones 21 to zones 22 by a right angle recess.

The walls 2 are joined to each other by some transverse and vertical partitions 3 that extend at the level of the recesses of zones 21 and 22. There are therefore in this block of construction two parallel partitions. They have a stiffening brace function and delimit a central opening 10 which also ends up and down.

The partitions 3 are widely lowered towards above, which allows a good circulation of the concrete that is led to being cast in the blocks, and this both among partitions and from one block to the other.

Transversally, its upper edge has two slots 30 separated by an appendix 31 substantially triangular, the slots being intended to receive longitudinally some horizontal armor irons.

As figures 1 and 2 in particular show, the two opposite end walls 23 of block 1 are open.

One and / or the other of these are intended to receive, in sliding, a secondary block or "block slide".

This block, referenced 4 in the figures, it comprises a body 5 and a heel 6. The body 5 extends longitudinally with respect to block 1 and its opposite faces 7 are intended to be coupled between the two longitudinal walls and vertical 2 of block 1. In the case represented here, the faces 7 are materialized by vertical and parallel walls.

The latter are kept separated by a transverse septum 8 that forms a brace, of the same type as the transversal partitions 3 described above.

Similar to the latter, this partition 8 It has two slots 80 separated by an appendix triangular 81.

At one of its ends, the walls of the faces 7 are extended by a transverse heel 6 whose height H and the width ln are identical to those of a block 1.

Preferably, the separation d 3 between the opposite faces 7 of body 5 is equal, with the game included, to the separation d_ {2} between the facing internal faces 22 of the longitudinal walls of block 2 of main block 1.

Thus, the sliding block 4 is suitable for sliding with respect to the main block 1, between a position in which is completely inserted in block 1 so that its transverse heel 6 is supported against vertical edges ends of block 1 and seal its open wall 23, and intermediate positions, such as the one illustrated in figure 1, in which the sliding block is simply partially introduced in block 1. Thus, faces 7 extend the walls longitudinal 2 of the main block, without continuity solution in the longitudinal direction. This means that there is no discontinuity of material when moving along the block Main in the direction of the sliding block.

In this way, it is possible to regulate, in a certain limit, the total length of the building block 1.

Of course, in order to obtain a flatness of surface, it is necessary to fill the gap C that extends between a vertical end of block 1, and heel 6 of sliding block 4, by a thickness of cement.

Three examples are represented in Figure 4 Different from main blocks.

The block 1 to the right of the figure is strictly identical to the one described with reference to the Figures 1 and 2.

Block 1A is distinguished only by the fact that only one of its ends is blocked by the wall transverse 24, so that it is only suitable for receiving a block 4 by its only open end 23.

Blocks 1 and 1A strictly present the same dimensions and have for example a length of 60 cm.

Block 1B has a structure similar to that of of block 1A, if it is not that its length is shorter, by example of the order of 40 cm.

Referring now to Figure 5, it notes that the separation d_ {1} between the faces 21 facing each other of the walls 2, in the non-coupling area of a block 4, is less than the separation d_ {3} between opposite faces 7 of the 5 body of the sliding block.

As already said, when you build a wall with said building blocks, care is taken to longitudinally move the blocks of a given row with with respect to the blocks of the underlying row. Therefore, a block slide 4 that is fully or partially inserted into a block 1 of a given row is leaning against upper edges of block 1 underlying its separation zone minimum d_ {1}. Because d_ {1} is less than d_ {3}, the sliding block therefore finds a perfectly support stable.

As depicted above, Figure 6 schematically illustrates, in view above, two rows of overlapping blocks that constitute a flat wall part. In this figure, the upper block line constitutes the row bottom of the wall while the bottom row constitutes the row higher. In parallel, figure 7 represents the element in front of wall thus constituted.

The bottom row is formed by a juxtaposition of two blocks 1 framed by two blocks with one single opening 1A. It will be noted that the openings of the different Blocks are arranged facing each other. Assuming that the length of blocks 1 and 1A is 60 cm, it is constituted thus a row of 2.40 m in length. This row is therefore built without having to resort to a single sliding block 4.

Starting from the principle that the displacement of the row of upper blocks must be a third to a half block, start by placing, for the top row a 1B block of 40 cm in length, followed by two blocks 1 of 60 cm in length. Remains therefore a length of 80 cm to cover to complete the length From the wall. This is done, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, placing a block 1A and partially coupling a block slide 4. The latter is slid so that the flange outer of your heel 6 reach the vertical flange corresponding to the underlying block 1A. It is enough then fill the gaps C that extend between block 1A and heel 6  of the sliding block 4 with a small layer of cement, to give a surface aspect correct to the wall.

It has just been shown that it is therefore possible, without having to cut main blocks, make walls of different lengths

Of course, to ensure the continuity of the wall thus constructed, it is sufficient to cast concrete vertically in the different hollow spaces presented by the set of blocks 1, 1A, 1B and 4.

In figure 8 it is represented schematically a part of an "L" wall of which a branch it is constituted by a block 1A while the other branch is constituted by a block 1 open at its two ends, receiving its free end a block 4 whose heel is butt against the main block

In the hypothesis that the width I of the blocks is 15 cm, and always to respect the principle of displacement of one third to half a block, then it acts to the length L 'of the heel 6 of block 4 is equal to 5 cm. From this way the sum I + L '(that is 20 cm) is equal to a submultiple of the length L (that is 60 cm). The displacement in a third can then be respected for the erection of the second row of wall blocks.

The traditional formwork blocks are generally used when the walls they constitute must be subjected to perpendicular efforts. It is in particular the case when it is a wall on which it will rest laterally A land mass. Now, the blocks according to the invention, which they can be qualified as formwork blocks, when they are made in a width of 15 cm, they are suitable for use in the way of traditional perpiaños of a width of 20 cm.

Claims (9)

1. Set of hollow building blocks, intended to be placed dry on top of each other and filled with concrete, to constitute a building wall, characterized in that they comprise
from:

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some main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) in a parallelipipede that they comprise two longitudinal and vertical walls (2) joined by at least by a transverse septum (3), and of which at least a transverse end wall (23) is open;

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some secondary blocks or "sliding blocks" (4), suitable to be introduced by sliding in the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) by its open end wall (23), these blocks presenting a body (5) whose opposite faces extend parallel to the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), and a transverse end heel (6), so that when secondary blocks (4) are completely introduced in the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), the transverse heel (6) seals its open end wall (23) while when they are partially introduced, the opposite faces (7) of the secondary blocks (4) prolong the longitudinal walls of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), without solution of continuity in the sense longitudinal,

and that the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) in the coupling area of the secondary blocks (4), have a mutual separation (d 2) higher than the rest of the blocks, so when several main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) are superimposed with displacement in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks (4) can rest on said longitudinal walls (2) of the blocks main (1, 1A, 1B) of the underlying wall, in its area of reduced mutual separation (d1). 2. Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the heel (6) of the secondary blocks (4) has identical height (H) and width (I) to those of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), in the coupling area of said secondary blocks. 3. Assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separation between the opposite faces (7) of the body (5) of the secondary blocks (4) is equal, with the game included, to the separation between the internal faces facing each other ( 22) of the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B). 4. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the body (5) of said secondary blocks (4) is constituted by two parallel vertical walls (7) separated by a vertical transverse partition (8). 5. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length (L ') of the heel (6) of the secondary blocks (4) is such that, added to the width (l) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B), it is equal to a submultiple of the length (L) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B). 6. Assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the length (L ') is equal to 5 cm, the width (l) being equal to 15 cm and the length (L) being equal to 40 cm or 60 cm. 7. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises main blocks (1) open at its two opposite ends (23). 8. Assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that it also comprises main blocks (1A, 1B) opened by a single end. 9. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises main blocks (1, 1A, 1B) of different lengths.