ES2255326T3 - MODULAR WALL OR DOUBLE WALL ELEMENT FOR DRY MOUNTING. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a modular wall or double wall element (S) for dry assembly characterised in that some at least (1a, 1b, 31a, 31b) of its faces arranged to co-operate with adjacent modular elements have contact parts (2a, 2b; 32a, 32a'; 32b, 32b') designed to be pressed against said adjacent modular elements, and separating parts (3a, 3a'; 3b, 3b'; 33a', 33b) arranged to remain separated by a clearance of said adjacent modular elements, said clearance being sufficiently large to limit, even eliminate, infiltration of water by capillary action. The invention is applicable to the field of construction building.

Description

Modular wall or double wall element for dry mount.

The present invention is related to an element modular wall or double wall for dry mounting.

In the field of construction, it is known make walls or double walls that comprise, on the one hand, a part of the structure intended to be placed inside the building and, on the other, a part of the wall destined to be placed outside the building.

Classically, the structure part is done in reinforced concrete or in sillar stone, and the wall part is made with a plating of bricks, stones or the like. While that the structure part is intended to be coated in the inside the building by a cladding formed, for example, by plaster or by drywall, the wall part is intended for Be seen from the outside.

Depending on the case, a space of insulation between the structure and facing parts, in order to insert layers of glass wool or other material into it insulating.

If it is true that these walls or double walls they constitute a rational solution totally adapted to the building needs, it is not less than your Implementation cost is relatively high.

In order to reduce this cost, they have proposed in the past different solutions of walls or doubles walls.

Some of these consist of modular elements conformed to fit each other dry, that is, without mortar or other similar means of solidarity. These solutions allow to increase the cadences of placement and use a hand of relatively unskilled work and therefore reduce the cost of the works to be done.

That said, the removal of physical joints between the modular elements poses a certain number of problems, between which the problems of air and water tightness.

A defect in air tightness can be alleviated easily covering the face of the walls or double modular walls located inside the building, for example, with a plasterboard or drywall.

A water tightness defect, due to the On the contrary, it is much more delicate to regulate, and it happens that currently no modular wall or double wall element for dry assembly available in the building market, allows satisfactorily solve this sealing problem.

WO, however, will be observed 80/02301, which describes a block that has capillary channels 11 made in its vertical longitudinal symmetry plane of the block at the same time on their upper, lower and lateral faces to allow water evacuation as well as the document EP-A-0 383 693, which describes a fitting by recesses that form zigzag sections that serve as moisture barrier and have an upper edge inclined to evacuate this moisture.

The present invention has as its main object facilitate a modular wall or double wall element for mounting on dry that allows to obtain walls or double walls watertight without it is necessary to add any other protection.

This main object of the invention, as well as others that will become apparent with the reading that follows, will they get with a modular wall or double wall mounting element dry, whose upper and lower faces each present at less, a contact part formed in a substantially flat band and a separation part formed, respectively, in projection and in longitudinal throat that define a fitting complementary, according to claim 1.

According to other features of the invention:

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          the aforementioned longitudinal projections and throat are suitable for ensure the guidance of said modular element during assembly, keep it in place once it is mounted, and form a mechanical barrier to dynamic horizontal water leaks and of air,

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          the aforementioned longitudinal projections and throat have, of exterior towards the interior of said modular element, at least one inclined flank with respect to the vertical, a horizontal flank and a vertical flank,

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          said inclined flank forms an angle of approximately 30º with respect to the vertical,

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          the said modular element comprises at least one socket that is extends between the flat bands of said upper faces and lower, in order to impose a vertical routing to eventual water leaks, as well as lighten the aforementioned modular element,

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          said upper face comprises at least one slot horizontal that extends according to its length and communicates with the cited alveolus, in order to form a supplementary obstacle to horizontal water leaks and channel them to the cited alveolus,

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          said horizontal groove is adjacent to said projection longitudinal, in order to stop the eventual leaks of water, as much as possible, from the outside of said element modular,

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          the cumulative transverse extension of said projection longitudinal and of said horizontal groove is substantially equal to the transverse extension of said throat longitudinal,

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          the section of said socket decreases towards the base of the aforementioned modular element, in order to facilitate demolding during the manufacturing and allow water routing by "effect coffee maker",

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          the aforementioned socket has a substantially rectangular section with rounded corners, in order to prevent the beginnings of break,

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          the radius of curvature of the corners of said socket is greater than 35 mm,

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          the aforementioned modular element comprises two cells arranged in way they can constitute water evacuation chimneys in a straight or triplet stacking, and eventually allow placement of vertical chain organs,

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          the said two alveoli are separated by a cavity intermediate that communicates with said horizontal groove, in order to allow a more homogeneous compaction of the material that constitutes the aforementioned modular element during manufacturing, and in order to form an additional water evacuation chimney,

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          the side faces of said modular element intended for cooperate with adjacent modular elements each present at less, a substantially flat band and a zigzag profiled part which defines a supplementary fitting in order to ensure the Guidance of the aforementioned modular element during assembly, keep it placed once it is mounted, and form a barrier mechanics to dynamic vertical filtrations of water and air,

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          the aforementioned flat bands constitute contact parts and the Zigzag profiled parts constitute separation parts for form a slack intended to limit - even eliminate - the vertical water leaks by capillarity,

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          said side faces comprise vertical grooves that are extend throughout its height, in order to form an obstacle supplementary to vertical water leaks and channel these towards the base of said modular element,

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          said modular element is shaped so that said clearance between separation parts is at least 2 mm

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          at least the upper horizontal edge of said element modular intended to be placed outward is shaped so that the horizontal junction line between two is visible stacked modular elements,

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          at least one of the vertical edges of said element modular intended to be placed outwards is shaped so that the vertical joint line is visible between two adjacent modular elements,

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          said modular element comprises a U or L cavity that extends between its upper and lower faces, in order to form a modular chain element,

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          the side faces of said modular element intended for be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented substantially perpendicular to each other, in order to form a modular angle element,

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          the aforementioned modular element is reversible, that is to say, substantially symmetric with respect to a vertical axis that passes through its center of gravity, in order to form a modular element standard,

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          The aforementioned modular element is made of water-repellent concrete, in order to prevent it from being impregnated with water.

Thanks to these characteristics, you get a modular element that allows dry walls or double walls to be built comprising water tightness barriers, physical (clearance which stops the leaks by capillarity), mechanical (geometry which stops dynamic leaks), and chemical (concrete water repellent that prevents impregnation seepage).

Such walls or double walls are totally waterproof, so it is possible to free them from any supplementary protection medium.

Other features and advantages of this invention will become apparent upon reading the description which follows and of the examination of the attached drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a top view of a standard modular element according to the invention;

- Figure 2 is a top view of a modular U-chain element according to the invention;

- Figure 3 combines a semivist side and a vertical semi-section of a stack of two standard modular elements and a modular element of U-chain according to the invention;

- Figure 4 is a top view of a fitting of a standard modular element and an element Modular left angle according to the invention.

In these figures, identical analog references designate identical or similar organs or sets of organs.

Reference is now made to figures 1, 3 and 4 in which a standard modular element S can be seen according with the invention, respectively, alone, stacked with other elements modular S, C according to the invention, and fitted with a left angle modular element A according to the invention.

This standard modular element S is noticeably parallelepipedic and reversible, that is, symmetric with respect to a ZZ 'axis that passes through its center of gravity G, and is intended to be positioned so that this axis is vertical (see figure 1).

Its upper face 1a has a central band substantially flat 2a bordered by two longitudinal projections 3a, 3a 'that extend throughout its length.

Each of these longitudinal projections presents, from outside to inside the modular element, a inclined flank 11a, 11a ', a horizontal flank 12a, 12a' and a vertical flank 13a, 13a '.

The inclined flanks 11a, 11a 'form, preferably, an angle of approximately 30 ° with respect to the vertical.

These longitudinal projections are attached to the outer faces 15, 15 'by optional chamfers 16, 16' formed in the upper horizontal edges of the modular element.

Optional chamfers 16, 16 'form, preferably, an angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to the vertical

The lower face 1b of the modular element S it has a substantially flat central band 2b bordered by two longitudinal throats 3b, 3b 'that define a fitting complementary with longitudinal projections 3a, 3a '(see figure 3).

Each of these longitudinal throats present, thus, from the outside to the inside of the element modular, an inclined flank 11b, 11b ', a horizontal flank 12b, 12b 'and a vertical flank 13b, 13b'.

These longitudinal throats are attached to the outer faces 15, 15 'by horizontal flanks 17, 17' located in the same plane as the band 2b.

The upper 1a and lower 1b faces are shaped so that when two modular elements are stacked one on top of the other, their flat bands are applied against each other another, while its protrusions and longitudinal throats they are separated by a gap J, preferably at least equal to 2 mm

The upper face 1a of the modular element S it also includes two horizontal grooves 20, 20 'located at level of vertical flanks 13a, 13a 'and that extend throughout The length of the modular element.

The cumulative transverse extension E1 of a longitudinal projection 3a, 3a 'and of an adjacent horizontal groove 20, 20 'is substantially equal to the transverse extension E2 of a throat 3b, 3b '.

The modular element S comprises, on the other hand, two alveoli 25, 26 that extend between bands 2a and 2b, and whose upper parts communicate with horizontal slots 20, twenty'.

These alveoli present a section substantially square with rounded corners, the radius of R curvature of the corners, preferably greater than 35 mm (see figure 1).

On the other hand, as seen in Figure 3, in the that two vertical semi-sections of these have been represented alveoli, its section decreases towards the base of the element modular.

The two alveoli 25, 26 are separated by a intermediate cavity 30 in a substantially parallelepipedic manner that It also extends between bands 2a and 2b and whose upper part also communicates with horizontal slots 20, 20 '(see Figure 1). As in the alveoli 25, 26, the section of this Cavity decreases towards the base of the modular element.

The side faces 31a, 31b of the modular element S intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements, each one has two flat bands 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b' that they border a central part profiled in zigzag 33a, 33b.

A 32a '32b of the two bands of each of these faces are attached to an adjacent outer face 15 ', 15 by a optional chamfer 36a, 36b formed in a vertical edge of the modular element

The faces 31a, 31b define a fitting complementary and, preferably, are shaped so that when two modular elements according to the invention are embedded, their flat bands are applied against each other, while that its zigzag parts are separated by a slack J ', preferably at least 2 mm (see Figure 4).

The zigzag parts 33a, 33b comprise, each one, three vertical slots 40a, 40a ', 40a' 'and 40b, 40b', 40b '' that they extend in all their height, being these grooves placed of so that they remain in front of the slots of the modular elements adjacent.

Reference is now made to Figure 2, in the which has been represented a modular element of chain C in U according to the invention, as well as to figure 3 in which it has been represented such a modular element stacked on two standard modular elements S.

This modular chain element features the same characteristics as a standard modular element, except some differences that are exposed below.

This comprises a cavity 150 open towards above and extending over the entire length of the modular element between its upper bands 102a and lower 102b (see figure 2).

Two pairs of narrow alveoli 125, 125 'and 126, 126 ', which extend between bands 102a and 102b, are placed to both sides of the cavity in U 150. The upper parts of these cells communicate with the horizontal grooves 120, 120 '.

Reference is now made to Figure 4, in the which has been shown a modular element of left angle A of according to the invention fitted with a standard modular element S.

This modular angle element features the same characteristics as a standard modular element (comprising, especially, two cells 225, 226 and an intermediate cavity 230), except for the differences that are exposed below.

The longitudinal projections 203a, 203a ', the Longitudinal throat placed inside the angle (no represented) and horizontal grooves 220, 220 'extend only about half the length of the element modular.

The side faces 231a, 231b intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented noticeably perpendicular to each other.

The modular elements described above They can be manufactured by molding with a whole range of materials commonly used in the field of construction. By way of preferred, architectural concrete will be used (i.e. satisfies certain aesthetic criteria: color, texture, ...) waterproof.

The mode of implementation and the advantages of modular element according to the invention are deduced directly of the description that precedes.

To make a wall or double wall, you start placing a first row of modular elements on a floor perfectly horizontal, obtained, for example, with a slab of concrete (not shown).

These modular elements fit into each other. thanks to the complementary profiles of its lateral faces.

Standard modular elements are used for parts in straight alignment, and modular angle elements left or right for corners.

Once placed the first row of elements modular, a second row of modular elements of so that they form a straight stack, that is without displacement horizontal between the two rows, or to the tresbolillo, that is, so that the two rows are displaced horizontally a half length of modular element.

The correct guidance and placement of modular elements of the second row is secured by their Gorges 3b, 3b ', which cooperate with the projections 3a, 3a', 203a, 203a 'of the modular elements of the first row.

Repeating these operations as many times as if necessary, a wall or double wall can be constructed that presents the desired height

The provision in straight stacking or at Three roll of rows of modular elements has the effect align your alveoli 25, 26, 225, 226 vertically. You can use, then, some of the chimneys thus obtained to place a vertical chain that may consist, for example, on reinforced concrete posts or vertical metal braces distributed at regular horizontal intervals.

Rows of modular chain elements placed at regular vertical intervals allow, on the other part, thanks to the gutters formed by the alignment of the U cavities of these elements, join together the organs of vertical chain, and thus perform a chain horizontal.

The vertical fitting properties and horizontal of the modular elements and the chain as well made allow to obtain walls or double walls extremely especially resistant to applied stresses perpendicular to its plane.

The vertical loads are applied only between the upper bands 2a, 102a and lower 2b, 102b, given the geometric characteristics described above. To avoid the risks of cracking, it is necessary that the flatness of these bands be almost perfect.

On the other hand, cracking risks associated with vertical loads, are limited thanks to:

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          the rounded shape of the corners of the alveoli 25, 26, 225, 226 that prevent the onset of breakage,

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          the narrowing of the alveoli towards the base of the elements modular, which allows to obtain, during manufacturing, a demoulding without starting material susceptible to fragilize the elements modular,

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          the intermediate cavities 30, 230 that allow to perform, during manufacturing, a more homogeneous compaction of the material that it constitutes the modular elements, and thus avoid the stress concentration in certain areas of the elements Modular

The modular element according to the invention, in addition to the fact that it offers simplicity of implementation and a remarkable robustness, allows to solve the problems of tightness associated, classically, with the walls or double walls dry mounted modular.

Indeed, the complementary fittings of the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a' and the throats 3b, 3b ', by one part, and of the zigzag profiled parts 33a, 33b, on the other, allow to form mechanical barriers that oppose leaks water dynamics, that is, water leaks in movement (case of a wind-blown rain, for example, against a wall or double modular wall). On the other hand, you have to note that these mechanical barriers also allow limiting noticeably air leaks.

In addition, and according to a feature essential of the invention, the clearances between the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a 'and the throats 3b, 3b', on the one hand, and between Zigzag profiled parts 33a, 33b, on the other, allow to perform separation areas between modular elements in which water It can hardly progress by capillarity. In this way, it they form physical barriers to water seepage.

It should be noted that these gaps must be important enough to prevent water, thanks to the surface tension, can keep in touch simultaneously with the opposite parts of two adjacent modular elements, and thus progress by capillarity. Different essays have put in evidence that, in practice, slacks could be convenient, at less, equal to 2 mm.

On the other hand, it will be noted that the use of a material such as waterproof concrete allows limiting water filtration by impregnation. In this way, they form, Also, chemical barriers to water seepage.

Since these different barriers of tightness act at a certain depth of the wall or double wall modular, it is appropriate to provide means to recover the water in the Inside the wall or double wall.

This is the function of the alveoli 25, 26, 125, 125 ', 126, 126', 225, 226 and of the intermediate cavities 30, 230, which, thanks to the straight stacking or the three-roll described previously, they allow to form chimneys of exit of the water towards the foot of the wall or double wall.

The narrowing of these alveoli and of these cavities towards the base of the modular elements allows to create a "coffee effect", that is, impose a routing on the water plated against the two walls of the acute dihedral formed by the lower edges of these alveoli and of these cavities, and prevent, thus, that it returns by capillarity between the flat bands of modular elements of lower rows.

In addition to the fact that these slots horizontal 20, 20 ', 120, 120', 220, 220 'and vertical 40a, 40a', 40a '', 40b, 40b ', 40b' 'form additional obstacles to horizontal and vertical water leaks, these allow channel the water to the alveoli 25, 26, 125, 125 ', 126, 126', 225, 226 and towards the intermediate cavities 30, 230.

On the other hand, the idea must be kept in mind of the fact that the modular elements according to the invention are primarily intended to remain visible at least from the outside. Thus, the factors that contribute to its quality Aesthetics are paramount.

Optional horizontal chamfers 16, 16 'and vertical 36a, 36b allow to highlight the joining lines between the modular elements and thus create a visual rhythm on the walls or double walls built.

The use of architectural concrete allows adapt the exterior appearance of the walls or double walls to the architectural tensions of the places where these should be built.

Finally, it can be seen that, in addition to fact that the clearances (J; J ') described above allow solve the sealing problems of the walls or double walls modular, these, on the other hand, allow to improve behavior of these walls or double walls in certain situations of sinister

In case of fire, for example, these slacks allow to absorb the expansion of the associated modular elements at a strong temperature rise and thus prevent breakage.

In case of earthquake, these clearances allow absorb a part of the energy transmitted to the wall or double wall on the ground and thus avoid its premature destruction.

Naturally, the invention is not limited to described and represented embodiment, which has been provided by way of illustrative and non-limiting example.

In particular, the invention extends to others. specific modular elements necessary for the realization of singular elements, such as modular semi-elements for make the edges of windows, the modular elements of L-chain for flooring, etc.

Claims (25)

1. Modular element (S; C; A) of wall or double dry mounting wall, whose upper (1a) and lower (1b) faces present, each one, at least: - a band shaped contact part substantially flat (2a; 102a) suitable for application against the part of contact of the corresponding face of another modular element identical in case of stacking, those mentioned being intended flat bands to ensure vertical application of loads to through the modular element; Y - a shaped separation part, respectively, in projection (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and throat (3b, 3b ') longitudinal defining a complementary fitting, in case of stacking with another identical modular element, with cited overhang (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and throat (3b, 3b ') longitudinal, which remain separated by a slack (J; J ') that limit or eliminate horizontal water seepage by capillarity 2. Modular element according to the claim 1, wherein said projection and throat Longitudinal are suitable to ensure the guidance of said element modular (S; C; A) during mounting by stacking on another identical modular element, keep it in place once it is mounted, and form a mechanical barrier to leaks Dynamic horizontal water and air. 3. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 2, characterized in that said projections (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and longitudinal throat (3b, 3b ') have, from the outside to the inside of said modular element, at least, a flank (11a, 11a ', 11b, 11b') inclined with respect to the vertical, a horizontal flank (12a, 12a ', 12b, 12b') and a vertical flank (13a, 13a ', 13b, 13b'). 4. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 3, characterized in that said inclined flank (11a, 11a ', 11b, 11b') forms an angle of approximately 30 ° with respect to the vertical. 5. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one socket (25, 26; 125, 125 ', 126, 126'; 225, 226) which it extends between its upper (1a) and lower (1b) faces in order to impose a vertical routing to the eventual water leaks, as well as to lighten said modular element (S; C; A). 6. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 5, characterized in that said upper face (1a) comprises at least one horizontal groove (20, 20 '; 120, 120'; 220, 220 ' ) which extends according to its length and communicates with the aforementioned alveolus (25, 26; 125, 125 '; 126, 126'; 225, 226), in order to form a supplementary obstacle to horizontal water leaks and channel these towards the aforementioned socket. 7. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 6, when it depends on claim 2, characterized in that said horizontal groove (20, 20 '; 120, 120'; 220, 220 ') is adjacent to said longitudinal projection (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a'), in order to stop any water leaks, as much as possible, from the outside of said modular element (S; C; A). 8. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 7, characterized in that the cumulative transverse extension (E1) of said longitudinal projection (3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a') and said horizontal groove (20 , 20 '; 120, 120'; 220, 220 ') is substantially equal to the transverse extension (E2) of said longitudinal throat (3b, 3b'). 9. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the section of said socket (25, 26; 125, 125 ', 126, 126'; 225, 226) decreases towards the base of said modular element, in order to facilitate demolding during manufacturing and allow the routing of water by "coffee effect". 10. Modular element (S; A) according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that said socket (25, 26) has a substantially rectangular section with rounded corners, in order to prevent the onset of breakage. 11. Modular element (S; A) according to claim 10, characterized in that the radius of curvature (R) of the corners of said socket (25, 26) is greater than 35 mm. 12. Modular element (S; A) according to any one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that it comprises two alveoli (25, 26; 225, 226) arranged so that they can constitute water evacuation chimneys in a straight stack or to the tresbolillo, and allow, eventually, the placement of vertical chain organs. 13. Modular element (S; A) according to claim 12, when it depends on claim 6, characterized in that said two cells (25, 26; 225, 226) are separated by an intermediate cavity (30; 230) which communicates with said horizontal groove (20, 20 '), in order to allow a more homogeneous compaction of the material constituting said modular element (S; A) during manufacturing, and in order to form an evacuation chimney of supplementary water. 14. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its lateral faces (31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have at least a substantially flat band (32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b') and a zigzag profiled part (33a, 33b) defining a supplementary engagement, in order to ensure the guidance of said modular element (S; C; A) during assembly, keep it in place once it is mounted, and form a mechanical barrier to dynamic vertical water and air leaks. 15. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 14, characterized in that said flat bands (32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b') constitute contact parts and because said zigzag profiled parts (33a, 33b) constitute separation parts to form a gap (J ') intended to limit - even eliminate - water leaks by capillarity. 16. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that said side faces (31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) comprise vertical grooves (40a, 40a ', 40a'' , 40b, 40b ', 40b'') that extend over its entire height, in order to form a supplementary obstacle to vertical water leaks and channel them to the base of said modular element (S; C; A). 17. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is shaped so that said clearance (J; J ') between separation parts is at least equal to 2 mm . 18. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at least, its upper horizontal edge (16) intended to be placed outwardly is shaped so as to make the line visible of horizontal union between two stacked modular elements. 19. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the vertical edges (36a, 36b) intended to be positioned outwardly is shaped so as to leave visible the vertical joint line between two adjacent modular elements. 20. Modular element (C) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a U-shaped (150) or L-shaped cavity that extends between its upper and lower faces, in order to form a modular chain element . 21. Modular element (A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its lateral faces (231a, 231b) intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented substantially perpendicular to each other, in order to form a modular element Angle 22. Modular element (S) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it is reversible, that is, substantially symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis (ZZ ') passing through its center of gravity (G) with in order to form a standard modular element. 23. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is made of water-repellent concrete, in order to prevent it from being impregnated with water. 24. Modular element according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the upper (1a) and lower (1b) faces each have two separation parts that border the contact part. 25. Wall or double wall, characterized in that it is composed of modular elements (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims.