ES2364168B1 - HORIZONTALLY PERFORATED CLOSING BLOCK. - Google Patents

Abstract

Horizontally perforated enclosure block. # Consists of a horizontally perforated enclosure block that has the body differentiated into two parts, one that will be installed oriented towards the inside of the building and the other towards the outside, where the interior part is common in its shape and dimension to that of any block of enclosure, so that it defines the resistant core of the block, which may have cameras or structural cells and cameras with any other functionality of a block, and where the outside is define by one or more ventilation air chambers in horizontal arrangement, these chambers having the capacity to drain all or part of the rainwater that has been able to seep through the interior of the chambers.

Description

Horizontally perforated enclosure block. Object of the invention

The present invention is an element for the construction consisting of a block of enclosure of the type of which they are perforated horizontally, which is valid for the cladding and enclosure of buildings, with a design such that it favors the ventilation of air under the outer surface. of the façade, since the ventilation chambers are defined therein, with their air intakes and outlets, and the flow of the filtered rainwater, improving the installation and efficiency of the ventilated facades. Background of the invention

Numerous systems and products for the execution of ventilated facades coexist in the market. They are characterized in general because they consist of creating an air chamber under the entire outer surface of the facade of the buildings, providing different types of perforations, grilles or grooves as air intakes and outlets, which generally must be placed, air intakes, in the lower part of the facade or cloth to ventilate and the others, the exits, in the highest part. These sockets and exits are usually solved normally with a complementary piece but they can also be determined by the way of executing on site, for example by executing through holes, or being integrated in the coating product itself.

Currently the most widespread in ventilated facades are of the type of curtain wall or outer shadow sheet, anchored to the wall by a metal structure, the air intakes and outlets being grooves or openings caused for this purpose between the different parts in certain areas . Although there are also other types of realization of air intakes and outlets, especially with the use of special complementary parts. These curtain walls or shadow walls are made of colorful cladding materials, usually of good quality, as they are the skin of the building.

An example of these ventilated facades is the Spanish patent pending with application number P200701344.

An alternative solution for the realization of ventilated facades consists in the use of specialized caravista bricks to ventilate. This type of brick incorporates an autonomous ventilation system, so that both the air chamber and the air intakes and outlets are integrated into the brick itself. This product corresponds to the Spanish patent P200402347.

There is also some product that incorporates the internal ventilation chamber, within itself, and that thanks to a specific way of executing the air intakes and outlets are defined. In this case they are products that will be revoked with mortar, so they are not a material that is seen. An example is the European patent EP0758705, in which a vertical perforated ceramic piece, block type, is claimed with air chambers that interconnect those of a row of parts with those of the upper and lower courses. In this way the continuous chamber is created where the ventilation of the facade runs. The air intakes and outlets will be made by drilling both the mortar plaster and the pieces just on the top and bottom of the cloth.

The horizontally perforated enclosure block that is now proposed in this document aims to solve the problem of the realization of ventilated facades with an enclosure block with perforations arranged horizontally that integrates in itself the ventilation chambers as well as the outlets and outlets air, as well as allowing the solution of rainwater eventually filtered. Description of the invention

The new horizontally perforated enclosure block, object of the present document, consists of a unique product, therefore constituted by a single piece, which being manufactured by extrusion preferably, has two different parts, one that will be installed oriented towards the inside of the building and the other towards the outside being seen and, therefore, being the one that offers the exterior finish of the building.

In the first or inner one, the resistant core of the block is defined, so it is the part that will guarantee the mechanical resistance of the enclosure, as well as the enclosure that is sealed to the outside environment. This inner part will normally be defined by horizontally arranged structural and lightening chambers, although it could also be made solid. This part may also integrate any other function of a block, in addition to the resistance, so that it is possible to define chambers filled with insulating material, cameras for the installation of services, of the type of electrical conduits or the like, and other solutions , including those in which the block is made with different materials added, in a "sandwich" solution.

The outer part is defined by one or more horizontally arranged air chambers attached to the inner part of the block. These air chambers will be arranged horizontally and open at their ends, not blinded, once the block is installed in its position in the building. Through them, the air will circulate through natural convection, which will happen at the moment in which a pressure differential of thermal origin occurs between the air contained inside and the outside environment. In addition, the design of the chambers will cause that the rainwater that can seep inside the chambers does not run towards the inside of the block, avoiding harmful fi ltration in the building or that the mortar or concrete used to join the different pieces is moisten For this, the sheets or partitions that connect the inner part of the block with the outer sheet of the chambers and that shape the ventilation chambers above and below, will be arranged, at least partially, inclined downwards and outwards with respect to inside the block, so that the water that splashes on these sheets or connecting partitions will tend to flow towards the outermost part of the ventilation chambers, moving away from the inside of the block. In particular, it will be of interest that the upper leaf or connecting part of the ventilation chamber that is placed in a higher position be topped downwards and outwards with respect to the inside of the block, since it is the leaf or connecting part that will receive, even partially, the water that pours the block that is located adjacent to the upper course. In case of having this inclination, this upper sheet will evacuate the water towards the outside, making a draining effect.

And this function can be further enhanced by placing a complementary sheet-shaped or similar piece on this sheet, but so that it protrudes from the block transversely and reaches the next block, to cover the joint between adjacent blocks of the same course by the area that receives rainwater that has leaked in the upper blocks. To anchor this complementary piece, the block may incorporate projections or lugs that facilitate anchoring.

Various solutions have also been planned for this new block to facilitate its installation, as well as to enhance its usefulness. In this way, it is envisaged that the block can be made with both a recess in its upper and / or lower faces and in its lateral faces with the purpose of being able to execute a mortar line in such recesses, with metal reinforcement if necessary , to join each piece with those placed immediately to it. Instead of these recesses, a tongue and groove system can be defined between pieces, which can be executed with the help of complementary pieces.

It has also been foreseen that the outer leaf of the ventilation chambers has through perforations that connect the interior of the chambers with the external environment, the purpose of these perforations being to drain the rainwater that may have been able to fi lter inside of the ventilation chambers. To achieve a good drainage, these perforations will be arranged inclined downwards and outwards with respect to the chambers.

With a similar drainage end, it is provided that the sheets or tabs that connect the inner part of the block with the outer sheet of the chambers are perforated, thus preventing water from accumulating in any way on these sheets.

Another solution intended to be applied in this new horizontally perforated enclosure block is that in order to prevent rainwater from entering the existing joint between two adjacent blocks of the same course, the design of the chambers will allow the installation of a complementary piece that It will serve to cover this board. To do this, on the outside of the block, either in its ventilation chambers or on its outer leaf, it will incorporate a vertical regatta in which a vertical plate that covers the joint can be housed.

An alternative solution to covering the vertical joint with a complementary piece is to define a design in the block that allows the vertical joint of the outer sheet of the air chambers to move relative to the vertical joint formed in the inner part of the block. To achieve this, the block may have its oblique side faces with respect to the direction of the enclosure wall, at least between the two joints. With this it is achieved that the rainwater that splashes inside the outer joint does not affect the inner joint since both joints once installed will not correspond to each other.

On the other hand, the ventilation chambers may incorporate in their design other details and complements that improve their insulating behavior or other functions. Thus, it is possible to locate inside shapes or reliefs that allow these cameras to have a better acoustic behavior, creating a design similar to that of anechoic chambers that reduce the reverberation of sound. It is even possible to locate inside these chambers sheets of absorbent or insulating material both acoustically and thermally.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, accompanying reports, as an integral part thereof, are accompanied by drawings in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, The following has been represented:

In Figure 1 we see the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) in side elevation in which we can distinguish two parts, an interior part (2) similar to that of any horizontally perforated enclosure block, which has multiple perforations or cells in horizontal arrangement (3) and an outer part (4) with ample ventilation air chambers (5) and an outer sheet (6) that will function as a face view of the piece as it will be the one that will give the exterior of the building . The connecting sheets or partitions (7) that join the inner part of the block (2) with the outer sheet (6) and that form an integral part of the outer part of the block (4) are inclined downwards and outwards of the block with respect to their inner part (2), so that they will evacuate the rainwater that has been able to filter into the outermost part of the block, keeping the inner part of the block (2) dry. A recess (9) is provided on the upper face (8) of this new block to make it possible to apply a mortar or reinforced concrete line on it. The design of this upper face (8) is complementary to that of the lower face

(10) of the block. This block may be made of concrete, ceramic or other materials by extrusion, molding or similar system.

In Figure 2 we see the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) also in side elevation, in a different embodiment. Again, the two differentiated parts of the block are distinguished, the interior (2) and the exterior (4). In this case, the inner part (2) corresponds to a more complete enclosure block, because it not only has a very dense structural cell area (3.1), but also has other larger cells, some filled with insulating material ( 3.2) and other holes (3.3) valid for the passage of services, as in this case the installation of pipes (11). The outer part (4) of the block has ventilation chambers (5) whose interior has a design with one of its rough walls (12) shaping anechoic chambers. The upper (8) and lower (10) faces of the block have a complementary tongue and groove (13.1 and 13.2).

In Figure 3 we can see the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) in perspective where it is easy to distinguish its inner part (2), which is the part with the appropriate physical properties to give resistance to the wall and therefore has a body composed of numerous cells (3), as well as the exterior (4) that has ventilation air chambers (5). The outer sheet (6) or exposed face of the block has a lower drip (14) to keep rainwater from outside the block. For this same purpose, the outer part of the block (4) is topped with an inclined plane (15) oriented inclined outward and downward.

In Figure 4 we can see the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) in a new perspective in which three installed units of the block can be seen. It looks like the

outer sheet (6) is the exposed face of the blocks, as this will be installed oriented towards the outside of the building, and the inner and structural part (2) of the blocks will be oriented towards the inside. The outer sheet (6) is in this case smooth, but may be finished with different designs and textures, consistent with the aesthetic tastes of consumers.

In Figure 5 we can see the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) in the same previous perspective, where it can be distinguished that a complementary piece (16) has been installed in the blocks. This complementary piece (16) is placed by covering the vertical joint (17) between blocks of the same course, with the purpose of pouring out the rainwater that could be filtered inside the air chambers outside the blocks. of ventilation (5).

In Figure 6 we can see, in a new perspective, two units of the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) in an embodiment in which the block has a design that incorporates two vertical races (18.1 and 18.2), one on each side side of the block, so that between the regattas of two contiguous blocks of the same course a hole is formed in which a sheet (19.1 and 19.2) can be accommodated as a complementary piece. The purpose of this sheet (19.1 and 19.2) is to cover the vertical joint (17) between both blocks. In this figure 6 a sheet (19.1) has been represented before being installed and another (19.2) housed in its intended position.

In Figure 7 we can see, in another perspective, the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) in which perforations (20) have been made that cross the outer sheet (6) of the block joining the ventilation air chambers ( 5) with the outside environment. The purpose of these perforations

(20) is to drain the possible rainwater that has been able to filter inside the ventilation air chambers (5). These same perforations (20) can be distinguished in Figure 8, in which these perforations (20) have been represented on a side elevation making it possible to appreciate that these perforations are oriented downwards and outside the horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) , allowing good drainage. And in Figure 9 we can see in perspective a variant of the horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) whose outer sheet (6) is finished in several relief planes that hide or conceal the perforations (20).

In Figure 10 we can see a perspective in which a cloth composed of a set of blocks is represented, all analogous to the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1). The position of this cloth is represented with respect to the floor (21) of the building as well as a pillar (22) in a typical position, although this relative position could undergo some change depending on the requirements of each work.

Figure 11 is a perspective in which three installed units of the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) are shown. On this occasion you can see the mortar line (23) that runs on the block, as well as a line in vertical arrangement or vertical joint (24) of mortar. Both have iron armor (25). In this fi gure a typical execution of the closing of a building has been represented. The new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) is installed in the outermost position. Then, inwards, a grated plate (26) of synthetic material used as a thermal insulator is installed.

The next product is a perforated ceramic brick partition (27) and finally a plaster layer (28) has been executed as an interior finish.

In Figure 12 the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) is seen in perspective in an arrangement of two pieces in the same course. Both have a later shape that allows a cage to form between the two pieces. (29) in which a vertical mortar board or joint can be assembled, as depicted in the previous figure. And on the other hand we can also see in this figure 12 that the block has the vertical joint (17.1) of between blocks of the same course, on the outside of the block, displaced laterally with respect to the same joint (17.2) but on the inside of the block, so that both parts of the board are not facing each other. This has the advantage that any splashing of rain that fi lters on the outside of the joint will not affect the area where the inner union of blocks with mortar will have been executed.

In Figure 13 the new horizontally perforated enclosure block is shown in perspective

(one)

in a new two-piece arrangement, which has a vertical recess (30) on its lateral faces, to precisely be able to execute a vertical mortar or concrete joint between two adjacent blocks of the same course, in order to prevent air from leaking inside the building. The vertical mortar joint will be executed in the recess (31) formed between both blocks.

In Figures 14 and 15 the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) is represented with a design incorporating a second vertical sheet

(32)

to the outside (4) of the block. This design gives the block greater protection against rainwater, as well as facilitates the installation of new closing accessories.

In Figures 16 and 17 the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) is shown with a design with fewer perforations. In both figures it can be seen that the connecting blades or partitions (7) have vertical perforations (33) that join the different ventilation air chambers (5), allowing drainage or ventilation between the chambers.

Figure 18 depicts a wall cladding cloth made of pieces of the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) with an execution of cross-piece or “slaying” courses (34).

Finally, in figure 19 the new horizontally perforated enclosure block (1) is shown in a version whose exterior design offers an exterior sheet (6) or exposed face with marked reliefs and textures. Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of Figure 1 the new horizontally perforated enclosure block can be seen

(one)

in side elevation where we can distinguish two different parts, an inner part (2) similar to that of any horizontally perforated enclosure block, which has multiple perforations

or cells (3) that will be arranged horizontally in the enclosure once executed, and an outer part (4) with large ventilation air chambers (5)

and that also includes the outer sheet (6) that will act as the face of the piece, as it will be exposed to the outside of the building. The connecting sheets or partitions (7) that join the inner part of the block (2) with the outer sheet (6) and that form an integral part of the outer part of the block (4) are inclined downwards and outwards of the block so that will evacuate the rainwater that could have been filtered to the outermost part of the block, keeping the inner part of the block dry (2). A recess (9) is provided on the upper face (8) of this new block to make it possible to apply a mortar or reinforced concrete slab on it and the design of this upper face (8) is complementary to that of the lower face (10) of the block. This block may be made of concrete, ceramic or other materials by extrusion, molding or similar system.

The materials, shape, size and arrangement of the elements will be susceptible to variation, as long as this does not imply an alteration in the essence of the invention.

The terms in which this report has been written must always be taken in a broad and non-limiting sense.

9 10

Claims (5)

1. Building block, of the type that have perforations arranged horizontally, characterized by having its body divided into two different parts, parallel and joined:

-

a first part that will be installed oriented towards the interior of the building, which has multiple horizontal perforations that slide it from side to side, creating small holes in the lateral faces of this first part of the block, holes whose small size will facilitate the application and retention of the mortar with which the vertical joint will be formed between pieces of the same course, this first part of the block being finished, by its upper and lower faces, by surfaces with capacity to receive and accommodate the mortar of the horizontal joint that will join the pieces of adjoining courses, and

-

a second part that will be installed oriented towards the outside of the building, defined this part by having other horizontal perforations that penetrate it from side to side, creating open air chambers at its ends, cameras that will be located just behind the outer face and seen of the block and that are delimited above and below by partitions that form an inclined plane oriented downwards and outwards, where the upper face of this inclined plane propitiates the draining of rainwater outwards and the lower face constitutes a drip of drained in that same direction.

2.

Building block, of the type that have perforations arranged horizontally, according to claim one, characterized in that the outer face of the block is crossed by through perforations, so that they connect the air chambers of the outer part of the block with the external environment

3.

Building block, of the type that have perforations arranged horizontally, according to claim one, characterized in that the second part of the block is crossed vertically and from part to part by through perforations that communicate all the air chambers to each other. those that shape the perforations, as well as communicate these air chambers with the external environment, both above and below the block, through the upper and lower open joints that will be formed between pieces of adjacent courses.

Four.

Building block, of the type that have perforations arranged horizontally, according to claim one, characterized by having recesses or external projections that allow the fixing of complement pieces to cover the joint

or joints between adjacent blocks or as a guide for easy installation. SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 201000001 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 04.01.2010 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: E04C1 / 39 (2006.01) RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

Category

Documents cited Claims Affected

TO

DE 3516533 A1 (GROTJAN, HARTMUT) 22.01.1987, figures & summary of the EPODOC database. Recovered from WPI; AN 1987-022520. 1-4

TO

CA 2182937 A1 (MARCONE, TOMMASO) 12.02.1997, the whole document. 1-4

TO

FR 2166418 A (HENAULT) 17.08.1973, the whole document. 1-4

TO

EP 2072839 A1 (TARELLO, MARCO) 24.06.2009, the whole document. 1-4

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of realization of the report 10.08.2011

Examiner V. Anguiano Mañero Page 1/4

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 201000001 Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols) E04C Electronic databases consulted during the search (name of the database and, if possible, terms of search used) INVENES, EPODOC State of the Art Report Page 2/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201000001 Date of Written Opinion: 10.08.2011 Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims Claims 1-4 IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims Claims 1-4 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986).  Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published. State of the Art Report Page 3/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201000001 1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

DE 3516533 A1 (GROTJAN, HARTMUT) 01/22/1987

D02

CA 2182937 A1 (MARCONE, TOMMASO) 12.02.1997

D03

FR 2166418 A (HENAULT) 17.08.1973

D04

EP 2072839 A1 (TARELLO, FRAME) 06.24.2009

2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulations for the execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement The national patent application complies with the requirements of novelty, inventive activity and industrial application established in articles 6, 8 and 9 of the Patent Law. The problem posed by the applicant consists in how to design an enclosure block that favors the ventilation of air under the exterior surface of the facade, with air intakes and outlets such as the flow of filtered rainwater, improving the installation and efficiency of The facades For this, the solution proposed by the applicant consists of a horizontally perforated horizontally arranged perforated enclosure block. The first claim describes a horizontally perforated enclosure block characterized by having the body in two parts: a) The first facing towards the interior of the building that defines multiple cavities in the lateral faces and cavities, this first part of the block being finished by its upper and lower faces, for surfaces capable of receiving and accommodating the mortar of the horizontal joint. b) The second facing outward of the building with open air chambers at its ends that are delimited upper and lower by partitions that form a plane inclined downward and outward. Of the documents cited in the state of the art report, the closest one corresponds to DE 3516533 A1, D01, which describes an enclosure block consisting of two parts (3.1, figure 1), which correspond with an inner part that defines the resistant core of the block with structural chambers and another outer part defined by air chambers. It differs from the patent application document in that the perforations are not horizontal, but vertical that provide a different solution to the one proposed in the international patent application. In addition, the way of manufacturing the piece is vertical pieces. In turn, patent document CA 2182937 A1, D02, describes a building block that comprises a brick ventilated in parts, specifically in two. The first part comprises ventilation chambers to locate structural chambers while the second part is defined by an air chamber. It differs from the patent application document in that in the second chamber the partitions are not tilted down and out. On the other hand, it is not a matter of material seen, but revoked and perforated. Moreover, patent document FR 2166418 A, D03, describes an enclosure block consisting of a housing or outer envelope and an internal part consisting of partitions and enclosures in shape, cameras to be filled and for the installation of services. The differences with the patent application consist, firstly, of the inner part with the arrangement of the structural chambers and secondly, referring to the outer part, the orientation of the connecting partitions, different from those indicated in D03. In turn, the grid indicated is another differentiation, forming part of the same system different from the international patent application. The other documents cited in the report on the state of the art reflect the state of the art and cannot be used to question the novelty, inventive activity and industrial application of the national patent application. Thus, EP 2072839 A1 describes an improved building block with ventilated air duct, differing in the two-piece system, as well as the interior construction without inclined ramp. Claims 2-4, being dependent on the first, meet the patentability requirements. State of the Art Report Page 4/4