WO2006037824A1

WO2006037824A1 - Facing brick

Info

Publication number: WO2006037824A1
Application number: PCT/ES2005/000520
Authority: WO
Inventors: Antonio Monturiol Jalon
Original assignee: Antonio Monturiol Jalon
Priority date: 2004-10-01
Filing date: 2005-09-27
Publication date: 2006-04-13
Also published as: ES2258389B1; ES2258389A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a facing brick which is divided into four separate parts which perform the different functions of the brick, namely: an inner zone which is designed to receive the binding mortar and which, in terms of composition and physical performance, is common to any standard facing brick; an outer zone which forms the face of the brick in any facing brick finish; and a third zone which is provided between the inner zone and the outer zone, comprising chamber-forming voids or spaces which provide a shaded contact surface between the brick and the air and which can be accessed openly and freely from the exterior of the brick by means of specific ventilation ducts for the purpose of air replenishment, said ducts forming the fourth defining part the novel brick.

Description

BRICK FACE SIGHT.

DESCRIPTION

Object of the invention.

The present invention consists of a brick with a view face, of the so-called for being installed on the facades of the buildings without any revocation on them, so that they are the material that is seen externally. But it is a brick facing face that incorporates new features, without detriment to its conventional use. With a common installation to that of a conventional expensive brick and similar geometry, its hygrothermal behavior is much higher.

Background of the invention.

The exposed bricks are one of the most popular ceramic products as they are the facade bricks of a large percentage of the homes built. They have a great responsibility in the aesthetics of homes and are manufactured in a multitude of finishes and colors. There are stoneware, vitrified, different mortars, the so-called era, more rustic and clay, and others.

Its basic function is that of exterior enclosure of the houses, so that certain conditions of resistance are required, both mechanical and weather agents. The ceramic facing bricks meet good insulation conditions, since the ceramic is a poor thermal conductor, although the construction requirements mean that the enclosures in general have to be completed with a second inner watertight sheet, often composed of a synthetic material, and even with a ventilated chamber

To lift the brick factory or brick wall, the bricks must be installed with mortar in a certain amount, with which a sore is generated between the different rows of bricks, and this sore is usually recessed. There are exposed bricks in which the wall is executed without a sore, for which they are manufactured pressed, with an internal shape of a bowl to receive the mortar.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) There are no more benefits than those described in a brick facing face, with the exception of the manufacture of bricks with specific shapes, for certain work solutions, such as the realization of lintels or for special auctions.

On the other hand, there is another product, ceramic on many occasions but also made of other materials, which is also used externally on the facade, although it is not a watertight enclosure but is used with the mission of ventilating. It is what is called the ventilated facade.

The ventilated façade is generally composed of equal pieces that are installed, like the brick, discontinuously, one piece after another, and are anchored to a structure fixed on the facade of the building, normally a grid of profiles.

Thus, they offer the aesthetics of the building, disregarding in this case other finishing material such as brick, also fulfilling its ventilation work, which reports an important benefit to the building since it reduces the external thermal impact, mainly when the building is subjected to heat stroke, and greatly reduces any condensation problem, avoiding moisture. This is the good hygrothermal functioning in the closing of a building.

There are also some enclosure materials and solutions in which an internal air chamber is considered in them. They are usually solutions that require the creation of an air circulation between the different parts, a circuit being carried out through which ventilation flows and for which, normally, it is mandatory to define and execute specific air intakes and outlets, even with the use of complementary parts. These solutions are available in different materials and in reality they are equivalent to the classic execution of an exterior wall with an internal air chamber, only that, instead of being watertight, it is slightly ventilated.

The facing brick that is proposed now is a product that fulfills the functions of a conventional facing brick, but which has, in some cases and in a limited way, benefits similar to those of the ventilated facade, Io which reports great advantages to the construction of any type of building, especially to what refers to its hygrothermal behavior. All this without notable variations in the way of using the bricks face view.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Description of the invention.

This new brick facing face is a brick that has all the common elements of any brick facing face, that is, all the elements required by the function that is required, including aesthetics. Thus, with external dimensions similar to those of this type of bricks, it has adequate physical properties, supporting by its own constitution and realization the mechanical resistance that is required, the resistance to atmospheric agents, such as ice and rain, Ia impact resistance and others. It has an area to receive the mortar between the different pieces that will make up the wall. In this way, it is usual for it to be perforated vertically, being through the different perforations where part of the mortar will enter and grab the piece. Another part of the mortar will be forming a separation sore between pieces. It can also be smooth, unperforated, in which case it will force a larger sore and will require a better treatment of the mortar and the brick to join the pieces. And in the brick-faced solutions in which it is sought that no sore is seen, but only the joint between bricks, the brick will incorporate a bowl shape or other solution in which to apply and house the mortar of Union.

So far, the elements common to the other bricks with a view face, but what makes the new brick with a new face is that it has on its external part, precisely in the face that it will offer as a view, a specific system that allows it to comply with the objectives of the ventilation, namely: release the accumulation of heat that occurs outside the piece when the facade is subjected to solar radiation, reducing the transmission of that heat to the interior of the building; reduce the thermal shock in the enclosure of the building to avoid all the problems that arise from the humidity and its condensation; improve the thermal inertia of the building, and others. This work is done autonomously.

The solution presented by this brick facing face is that it incorporates an extended or extended exterior area. The external face is obviously the sight, so that in its definition the aesthetics will continue to prevail and, therefore, the finishes that are required will be offered. But between this face and the conventional body of the brick, which in its resolution is common to any other brick, the new brick has an area in which ventilation occurs. For this, its definition is simple, owing the brick

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) simply offer in this area a wide surface of contact with the air, in shade, and the ability to renew the air, for which it has defined ventilation outlets. By doing these two jobs, the brick matches the properties offered by the ventilated facades, but with a simpler and integrated use.

The air may circulate between the chambers of adjacent bricks, but the brick will have the ability to ventilate individually by means of which, within which different embodiments fit, it will be sufficient for the bricks to offer openings to the chambers so that the air is allowed to flow . This air, if overheated, will cause an exchange with the immediate outside air, which is called convection, due to the difference in pressures, and this exchange will generally occur in the entire wall and not necessarily in a conducted or channeled manner. Likewise, if the interior air of the chambers has humidity conditions decompensated with the external air, it will tend to equalize avoiding saturation and condensation. In any case, the hygrothermal conditions of this brick, compared to a conventional one with a face view, will improve.

It is important to note that the function of ventilating is especially interesting on the outside of the piece but, nevertheless, being at this point well resolved, it can be harmful more internally, especially since it would limit the insulating properties of the brick as a thermal conductor. Therefore, it is important that the brick provides this work of ventilating only in its outer zone, as an extension of its own functions and not doing it inside, which would limit the traditional use.

It is possible to make this new brick seen in different solutions, but all of them with the common property of ventilating. Basically, each of the possible ways of doing it coincides with the different current solutions of the brick facing, whether pressed or extruded. But in addition, you can define the product with greater or lesser ventilation capabilities, depending on the climatic requirements of each area of use. As it can also be defined with a high degree of complexity to achieve greater performance, even with the use of accessory parts such as ventilation sockets, or, on the contrary, make it very similar to conventional ones, with an almost identical exterior appearance and with its function of ventilating hidden or camouflaged. It is of interest, common for all possible embodiments, that the cameras are as wide as possible, always depending on

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Each design variant, that there is a large area of contact of the brick with the air, in shade, where to release heat and humidity, and that the partitions or shapes that delimit the chambers and join the external part of the brick with its inner body are long , to hinder the transmission of that same heat or humidity. All this for the benefit of better hygrothermal behavior.

As the exposed bricks are conditioned, in part, by the use of the bonding mortar, in each solution designed for the new brick, the way of applying the mortar must also be considered. For most of the possible solutions it will not interfere in the novel function of ventilating and its application will be common with the way of acting with the conventional equivalent brick, but it is also possible that it acts collaborating in the ventilation, in which case the mortar has to be applied in consecuense.

Description of the drawings.

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, some descriptive drawings are attached hereto as an integral part thereof, with an illustrative and non-limiting character, The following has been represented:

In Figure 1 we see a brick (1) facing side with an interior area in which the perforations (2) common to many of these bricks are found and in the exterior area, just between the anterior interior area and the face view ( 11) brick, a set of narrower perforations that will act as air chambers (3).

In Figure 2 we see a detail of the installation of this exposed face brick (1) along with others, in which we can see that it has been partially applied mortar (4) to which, with the use of a serrated pipe (8) , small perforations have been opened that will make the function of ventilation sockets (6). As the air chambers (3) are narrow, the poured mortar will not enter through them and they will be used. The exposed brick face will be clean and the mortar slightly set back, forming a sore.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) In Figure 3 we see a wall cloth made with this new brick facing

(1) where we appreciate the mortar sores (4) in which the ventilation intakes (6) of the air chambers (3) are made. The vertical perforations (2) of the brick will do their conventional function, leaving nothing limited for this use.

In figures 4 and 5 the exposed brick (1) is shown with an arrangement of ventilation chambers (3) arranged so that the mortar (4) does not reach them, leaving them free, applying the mortar line (4) on The perforated interior area

(2) of the brick, which is the area that makes this brick common to conventional ones. The ventilation sockets (6) will be the interstitial spaces between different bricks, the air flowing through simple natural convection. These spaces will be reduced to prevent the entry of insects and other problems.

In figures 6 and 7 another solution of this brick facing face (1) is shown in which the ventilation chambers (3) are covered by the mortar line (4), the ventilation sockets (6) being the openings vertical between adjacent bricks of the same course. The different chambers of which each brick is composed are intercommunicated by horizontal perforations (5), preferably in an arrangement of games such that perforations are up and down each chamber, to facilitate air convection.

Figure 8 shows a brick facing side (1) with the inner area, common to any brick facing side, resolved with vertical perforations (2) and between this area and the outer face seen a system of cameras (3) independent and complete joined to the inner body of the brick by nerves or partitions (9). In this solution the mortar line will not affect the ventilation chambers.

Figure 9 shows another solution of the new brick facing side (1) in which there are sealed ventilation chambers (3) and others open in front that act as ventilation sockets (6). The seals will have a transverse opening (5). The line can cover the brick in all its dimension without altering the operation of the brick.

In Figure 10 we see a brick facing side (1) in a solution of pressed brick, in which there is a sine (2) or bowl in the brick with the same function as the perforations of the previous solutions. To facilitate molding the chambers (3) of

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) ventilation have a transverse arrangement, having vertical perforations (5) to achieve a good intercommunication between chambers.

Figure 11 depicts a brick facing side (1) with three-sided ventilation chambers (3), in this case the brick having three faces seen, to facilitate corner finishing solutions and other construction details. All these new bricks of face view, in the different solutions that are made, can have from one to all their faces with seen finish and ventilation chambers behind them, depending on the use that is required. Obviously, having all your cameras seen you would always miss at least the two-sided cameras.

In Figure 12 we see another brick facing face (1) pressed, in this case with a solution that guarantees that rainwater will drain from the outside of the brick and will not affect the rest of the brick. For this, the planes (10) that define the exterior body of the brick, behind the ventilation chambers (3), are inclined towards the outside and downwards. The intercom perforations (5) between chambers will also be in the lower part of the plane where they are located.

In Figure 13 we have a brick with a visible face (1) in which the exposed face is perforated giving shape to the ventilation sockets (6) that will release the air from the chambers (3) even if they were covered by the mortar line .

In Figure 14 we see a brick system with a visible face (1) where complementary pieces (7) have been mounted, such as folded tubes in this case, which will act as ventilation sockets (6) once the wall is finished.

In Figures 15 and 16 we see two possible embodiments of this new brick facing face (1) in which areas are defined in which to receive the mortar minimizing the sore that results when executing the wall. Thus, in Figure 15 we see that the shorter faces of the brick have their central area (12) set back, so that, when mounting one brick after another, there will be an intermediate space in which the mortar will be housed between adjacent bricks of the same course. This will allow the gap between these bricks of the same course, interstitium that remains on the outer face of the wall and that will be the air intake of the ventilation chambers, is minimal, to prevent the entry of insects, such as wasps and others.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The brick of Figure 16 also has the solution to house the mortar to be poured between bricks of the same course, with a similar solution to facilitate, for the same purpose, the housing of the mortar to be poured between bricks of adjacent courses . Thus, the upper (13) and lower faces of the brick are recessed in the area of the perforations (2).

Finally, in figure 17 a set of exposed face bricks (1) is represented that are made with an industrial solution called horizontal drilling. In this way the perforations (14) of the brick cross transversely, from side to side. The air chambers (3) are also thus arranged, with the air intakes (6) in the joint between adjacent bricks of the same course, and the mortar line (4) will not affect them. The shape of the chambers (3) can be diverse, with the volume and aesthetics that are considered, since its shape is due to a drawing in the mold nozzle and not, as with vertical drilling bricks, to the cuts that are run The mechanical strength of these horizontal drilling bricks is lower, so that their use will be aimed at works with less demand in this regard, by height, use or way of executing.

Preferred embodiment of the invention.

In view of Figure 5, it can be seen how the new brick facing face (1) consists of an interior area with perforations (2), with the shape and use common to any brick facing conventional face, area that will cover the mortar line (4), leaving a system of air chambers (3) between this inner area of the brick and the outer face of the brick or exposed face (11). The ventilation sockets (6) will be formed by the interstitial spaces between bricks of different courses and rows. The materials, shape, size and arrangement of the elements will be susceptible to variation, as long as this does not imply an alteration in the essence of the invention. The terms in which this report has been written must always be taken in a broad and non-limiting sense.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

1 ^a Face brick, characterized by having at least four different parts, namely: its inner body, similar to that of conventional, perforated, solid or pressed face bricks, where it fulfills the functions attributed to it for use as exterior brick facade or enclosure; a wall, partition or outer body that integrates the exposed face, being one, two or more of the brick, and in any aesthetic solution by color, texture or finish; between these two parts, a third with ventilated air chambers, which is composed of cavities or spaces that offer a large brick contact surface with the air they contain, spaces that are in shadow, even partially, and that have Open and free access with the exterior of the brick for the renewal of its internal air, for which they have specific air intakes, these being the fourth defining part of this brick facing side.

2 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by having the ventilated air chambers constituted by vertical perforations that cross from top to bottom to the brick, these perforations being sufficiently narrow so that the mortar does not slip through them, in such a way that in the area of these chambers, by opening the mortar where it forms the sore or joint, small mouths are made as ventilation sockets for the chambers.

3 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by having the ventilated air chambers constituted by wide vertical perforations that cross the brick from top to bottom and that will not be covered by the mortar, since for this it is poured only into the body inside the brick that is the part to join the adjacent bricks, the ventilation sockets of the chambers being the interstitial spaces that remain between the bricks by their external face, or face view, once they are installed.

4 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by having the air chambers vented in a complete body that is perforated from side to side and that is separated from the inner body of the brick by partitions, the ventilation outlets of the cameras the interstitial spaces left between the bricks

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) by its external face, or exposed face, once they are installed, since for this the mortar is poured only in the interior body of the brick.

5 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by having the ventilated air chambers constituted by vertical perforations that cross from top to bottom to the brick, perforations Io narrow enough so that the bonding mortar that will cover the brick does not slip through them , the lateral chambers being open on the side and all the chambers communicated by transverse perforations for the circulation of their internal air, the vents of the chambers being the vertical interstices between adjacent bricks of the same course.

6 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by having the ventilated air chambers open along its entire length towards the exposed face, or outer face of the brick, such that between chamber and chamber there is a partition or nerve that can be perforated, in which case it will also have other transverse perforations to be able to release its internal air, the ventilation sockets being the exterior openings of the chambers.

7 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by being pressed, having only two ventilated air chambers, arranged transversely and open, one for the upper face of the brick and the second for the lower face, being able to be communicated by perforations vertical, the ventilation sockets of the cameras being the interstitial spaces that remain between the bricks on their face once they are installed, since for this the mortar is poured only in the interior body of the brick.

8 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by having the exposed face of the brick and the body of the brick where it is integrated, that is, the entire external part of the brick beyond the ventilation chambers, arranged in such a way that rainwater drains through it without affecting the inner body of the brick, so that the non-vertical planes that configure it are inclined down and out of the brick.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 9 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by having the ventilation intakes perforating the exposed face of the brick, crossing it to reach the air chambers.

10 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by having complementary parts that perform the function of air intakes, such that during the installation of the brick wall they are mounted between brick and brick of rows or adjacent rows , and having a hollow shape are wrapped by the mortar but reaching the ends of the air chambers and the exterior of the brick, promoting ventilation.

11 ^a Brick facing face, according to claim one, characterized by having the partitions or shapes that delimit the air chambers and join the outer part of the brick with its inner body io longer than the size of the chambers allows.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)