ES2346616B1 - CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM WITH PERFECTED THERMOACUSTIC INSULATING BLOCKS AND BLOCKS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Building system with bricks and blocks perfected thermoacoustic insulators, characterized by its two elements:

1. Bricks or blocks whose interior geometry It has two types of differentiated holes:

Large (2): close to the faces exteriors of each piece, allow to pass indistinctly installations or air (for use of radiant wall or facade ventilated).

Small (3): serve as structure bearing with its partitions, which, optionally, can be made in wavy or broken lines (4) to avoid acoustic reverberation

The outer faces have stretch marks differentiated (6) to mark the gaps and facilitate the work of the installers

2. Useful formed by one or several rules (9), of preferably trapezoidal profile, whose purpose is to cover the gaps large while placing the mortar (8) on a line to receive the next course, preventing burrs from forming and mortar plug the gaps.

Description

Building system with bricks and blocks perfected thermoacoustic insulators.

Technical sector

The system falls within the sector of the construction of partitions, walls and architectural enclosures in general.

State of the art

In the market there are various types of bricks with the functions of insulating and serving as an enclosure simultaneously. Among them, it is worth mentioning the Termoarcilla blocks and Bioblock in Spain, updated by utility model ES 1039935 U and Monomur or Unipor Ziegel in Europe.

To achieve, in addition to its ability to thermal insulation, an additional improvement effect specifically bioclimatic has sought the creation of vertical cameras laterals for air circulation inside the bricks or blocks and, therefore, on the walls or walls built with them. Such are the cases of EP 0076732 (GBA) patents of 04-13-83, DE 3602424 A (PENNER BETON) OF 30.07.1987 and EP 0758705 (MARCONE) of 19.02.1997, as well as Patent No. 200000268, of this same owner, Adolfo Castellanos Ortega, granted on 04.24.2004 and published on 01.06.2004.

With the perfected system we propose We pursue three objectives:

First: eliminate burrs produced by soft mortar, when crushed during the placement of each piece. Outside, burrs are removed without problems with the palette, but inside this is not possible, so clog the passage of facilities and air, which is contrary to effect pursued with the mentioned inventions. For it we propose some useful simple to facilitate and control the extension of the mortar so that, while preventing the formation of internal burrs, save the amount of this way significant, while simplifying and accelerating and therefore They make the construction process cheaper.

Second: Be able to use some of the cameras of air for the passage of installations although this implies locally a more difficult air passage. This is achieved simplifying to the maximum the geometry of the cameras, increasing their size and decreasing the number of nerves perpendicular to the wall faces, in addition to marking on the outer striatum the camera travel for best disposal and use.

Third: the aforementioned continuous cameras vertical walls and, in general, all the large gaps in the construction pieces can produce an effect of internal reverberation of the sound, which worsens the isolation acoustic obtained with these construction pieces. This problem is known because it has made ceramic vaults have virtually disappeared from the market given its bad behavior acoustic. In this invention we propose some variations in the Extrusion mold geometry to alleviate or eliminate this trouble.

Detailed description of the perfected system

The present invention is characterized by being a system that combines a new internal geometry of the nerves and gaps that constitute the internal structure of bricks or blocks of construction with the necessary tools to make possible its effective start-up, in order to achieve the vertical step of air or obstacle-free facilities along a high Wall built with them.

Geometry of the internal structure

Tabiquillos or nerves parallel to the faces of the wall. According to their distribution and separation between them or to the faces of the wall, it will allow us to establish a differentiated use for the gaps (2, 3) and the utility of the whole system:

Separation from 2 to 20 mm. approximately: form the small holes (3) whose function is to give resistance to the brick and receive the mortar or plaster and therefore serve as wall structure. It should be noted that one of these small gaps, formed by two nerves, together and along of the outer faces to receive a minimum of mortar because, in otherwise, it is not possible to hold it and a large amount of the same in the hole that is intended to be released.

Separation of more than 20 mm .: they form the gaps large (2), whose function is to create the air passage chambers and / or facilities. They should be as close as possible to the outer faces of the brick or block and should allow vertical continuity of the cameras. In the last row (next to roof) you can change the direction of vertical placement of the bricks on the horizontal to eliminate the friction of the laying horizontal installations (see figure 7). If you also want use a partition for passage or distribution of hot air, (wall or radiant socket, external preheating of renewal air, etc.) the first row can be placed horizontally together down.

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Tabiquillos or nerves perpendicular (7) to the faces of the wall. These nerves are essential to provide structural compressive strength to the bricks but, at the same time, they are those that transmit thermal energy and sound through it, in addition to worsening the vertical circulation of air and the passage of the facilities, so It is also the objective of this invention to reduce its proportion as much as possible. The separation between them will be as large as the bricks can be made with a given clay, without crushing. In general, between 50 and 120 mm. This longitudinal measurement may be common to all large or small holes, although the latter may have more reinforcements.

As for the shape of the nerves: The industry always manufactures them with flat faces, which produces a sound reverberation effect inside the gaps. So So, we propose here any irregular geometry that breaks that flatness: wavy nerves (4), in broken lines, notches or bumps that help break the sound waves and improve acoustic insulation of walls and partitions.

Additionally, some marks are arranged in the exterior face of the brick (6) to help the installer know in every moment where each and every one of the cameras run, what which makes it easier for you to introduce the pipes of the facilities Better plan the grilles for proper air circulation. In In case of eventual obstruction, before the final plastering, it is easy know exactly where it is produced and fix it practicing a small hole or cut in the right place instead of making a big touch.

The outer measurements of each brick or block they are indifferent to this invention, since the cameras interiors are achieved by applying different sizes and shapes to The internal gaps. So, its length may be the most suitable for manufacturing or commissioning, usually between 20 to 40 cm, although half pieces or sizes are usually manufactured special. The height of the brick can go from 20 mm. usual in the so-called caravista, up to 500 mm. of the large format bricks or 1400 mm. of the ceramic boards. As for its thickness, from 40 mm. of the partitions more thin, up to 400 mm. of the insulating blocks for walls of load.

Useful for commissioning : To ensure that large openings (2) are always kept open in their entirety, and are not blocked by burrs from the mortar, a series of tools are proposed (Fig. 3 and 4). It is a rule or set of rules (9) that cover the large gaps while the gripping mortar (8) is extended in the line. They are removed before placing the upper course, so that the same tool can be reused as many times as desired.

Rules or profiles are proposed preferably trapezoidal (figure 3) of any material sufficiently rigid and of any length that allows its handling, defined by shapes and dimensions such that in addition to covering the gaps referred, laterally limit the spread of the mortar. The shape trapezoidal profile makes a larger amount of mortar fit in the lower part and lower in the upper part. The rules have in their bottom a dimension equal to the width of the chamber gap that have to cover, while above its measure is about millimeters larger to fit less grout mortar. When placing on top of a brick, it crushes the mortar from the top moving it laterally, matching the mortar both above and below, without reaching or protruding or closing the chamber gap of air in any way. The use of this profile also allows remove, with a single movement of the trowel of the mason, all the leftover above the size of the profile, which is usually He who falls and blinds the ducts. It is thus achieved an important material and labor savings because placement is faster and the thickness of the lines adjustable with precision. When it is partitions bricks with a single chamber, just a rule or profile to cover it. The blocks or bricks of greater thickness can have two or more chambers (sometimes of different measures), so the tool (figure 4) is formed by joining several rules with each other, provisionally or permanently, with some plates perpendicular (10) that fix them at their ends by means of screws or any other fixing system. The plates of clamping can, in turn, present several rows of holes for the screws, or even a vertical slot to receive them, which allows to place the rules or profiles at different heights. With this the possibility of adjusting the thickness of the mortar is achieved, according to require the distribution of the bricks, to complete the height planned total of the partition or wall.

Brief description of the drawings

• Figure 1 shows several bricks and building blocks with their various thicknesses usual, in which the two types of Large and small gaps that are proposed and described.

In figure 2, one of these blocks with some of his nerves modified to break the reverberation of the sound waves inside the gaps.

In figure 3, two types of rules: An aluminum with semicircular moldings to receive the screws and corrugated side faces, and another solid, of wood, trapezoidal, intended to cover the single chamber of bricks of partition.

• In Figure 4, a tool formed with several rules to cover several cameras simultaneously for the case of thicker blocks.

In figure 5 it is shown in shape sequenced the use of the tool (5) composed of several rules on a block row The first one on the left with the mortar (8) ready to receive the top piece, the second with the tool (9) in position to receive the mortar in the remaining free channels between the rules and the third in which the gaps are appreciated great and its coincidence with the rules.

• In Figure 6, the placement of the top pieces on the mortar of the line (8).

In figure 7, the top row of bricks of a partition with the passage pipes of installations. The gaps are in a horizontal position, in contrast to all lower rows in which they are upright.

In figure 8, two arrangements typical of installation boxes: connection (13) and mechanism (14) and the passage of the installation pipes through the gaps interiors

In figure 9, a block with a air inlet grille and vertical flow representation of the same.

In figure 10, the outer face of a closing wall with the grilles (11) and the representation with airflow circulation arrows inside, according to the operation of a ventilated facade.

In figure 11 a series of blocks according to a preferred embodiment.

Description of a preferred embodiment

Figure 11 shows the elements that they form the system with their details as they are placed in work: the lower course formed, from left to right, through block and three integers. The mortar (8) is placed on it by the tool designed for this purpose (5), which only lets through mortar on the structural partitions and small holes, covering the big holes. In the upper course only shown a complete block (1) to better distinguish their features.

The blocks (1) have longitudinal gaps large (2) for air passage and facilities and small for structural resistance (3) with some of its partitions longitudinal striated (4) to improve behavior as acoustic insulation The blocks have protrusions (12) vertical at its ends to form a tongue and groove marks (6) on their side faces that indicate on the outside the situation of the transverse nerves (7) and the gaps large interiors (2) that will serve for the passage of air or installations. When the wall or partition is completed, before its plastered, any installer can thus know the route of the gaps and you can take advantage of them.

The tool (5) is used to accurately position the mortar (8) and consists of several rules (9) joined together in its ends by means of two plates (10) with which you can control the height at which the rules are placed on the block of the lower course. This regulates the height of each line of mortar (8), as appropriate. The rules are adjusted to cover the large holes (2) and prevent them from receiving mortar. They have one trapezoidal shape in which the upper face is larger than the lower to prevent the mortar from burrs when crushed with the blocks of the upper course. The free space between rules match the tabs that make up the gaps Small, intended to receive the mortar. See figures 3 and 4.

Claims (4)

1. Improved system of construction with bricks and thermoacoustic insulating blocks, characterized in that it comprises some construction pieces in whose interior geometry there are large vertical holes or alveoli (2), next to the exterior faces of the brick, destined to the passage of air, allowing its use as a ventilated facade or radiant wall; gaps that can serve simultaneously or alternatively for the passage of facilities. The pieces have other smaller holes (3) intended to receive the grouting mortar. All or some of the nerves or internal partitions (4) that form the gaps may have an irregular or striated shape to break and decrease the acoustic reverberation. The system also includes a ruler (9) or a tool (5) formed by several rulers that cover said holes only while the grouting mortar is extended, in order to prevent it from obstructing them when placing the piece. 2. Building system with bricks and insulating blocks according to the preceding claim, characterized in that on the outer faces of the bricks the ribs and the vertical holes are indicated by a change (6) in the gripping grooves of the plaster, so that it marks its position to place grilles or installations. 3. Building system with bricks and insulating blocks according to previous claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the bricks or blocks have one or more flat outer faces for use as a caravista. 4. Building system with bricks and insulating blocks according to the preceding claims 1 to 3 characterized by having the blocks or bricks projections (12) on their faces perpendicular to the wall, intended to serve as vertical tongue and groove between two adjacent pieces.