RU131764U1 - BUILDING BLOCK (OPTIONS) AND SPOON LAYING OF THESE BLOCKS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped with spoon, pin and bed faces, provided with at least one through vertical hole, while at least one of the button faces perpendicular to the bed faces is formed one recess made with the possibility of formation during masonry together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, characterized in that the other flat t the hump face in the body of the rectangular parallelepiped, the recess is at least partially blocked by a wall, the outer surface of which is located in the plane of the surface of the flat bonded face, and the size of the through vertical hole, measured on the surface of the bed face along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon face, is greater than the double depth of the recess by bonded faces, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between adjacent adjacent building blocks during spoon laying. 2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the through vertical hole in the cross section has the shape of a triangle, or rectangle, or a polyhedron, or in the form of a circle, or in the form of an ellipse. Block 1, characterized in that the walls of the through vertical hole are convex or the corners in the through vertical hole are rounded. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that at least in one of the openings there is an insert made of heat-insulating material. Spoon masonry, consisting of in-line placement of building blocks, along the edge

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of building blocks or bricks, and can be used in the construction of external load-bearing walls of buildings and structures up to three floors high.

A known building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed edges, provided with at least one row of recesses located along the spoon face, while at least one recess is made in the form the through hole, and the other two recesses of the row are made in the form of grooves on the bonded edges, characterized in that the size of the hole, measured on the surface of the bed edge along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon gran , Greater than the sum of depths of grooves in the faces of the binder, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the given thickness of the binder solution layer between the blocks for masonry (RU №121838, E04C 1/00, publ. 10.11.2012).

Spoon masonry is known from the same source, consisting of in-line placement of building blocks, at least part of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed flat faces, while at least one through hole is made in the block, and at least one recess is made on the bonded faces, and in a row, these building blocks are interconnected by a seam of a binder solution and turned to each other by bonded faces to form when laying together with the corresponding recesses of the adjacent block of additional vertical holes.

This decision was made as a prototype.

The presence of through holes in such a building block provides a sufficiently high percentage of voidness, which allows the block to perform both structural and heat-insulating functions in the outer walls of buildings, leading to a reduction in energy consumption for heating buildings. Such an arrangement of rows of through holes in the building block and on its butt faces causes its reduced thermal conductivity in both the butt and spoon directions of the heat flow, and increases the thermal properties of the building block in the outer walls of buildings and structures.

However, these advantages are manifested only with spoon masonry, in which there are no openings. If there are window or door openings in the spoon masonry of the blocks in the area of the intake, they are laid out with the butt edges outward. Due to the fact that recesses are made on the tying faces, when cold masonry is performed, cold bridges are formed in the opening zone. This is due to the fact that the labyrinthine passage of the heat flux along the rows of spoon masonry is interrupted.

Thus, the disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of a “thermal lock” on the bonded faces when laying in the formation zone of the opening, in this regard, in the laying of similar building blocks, it is possible to form cold bridges along the bonded faces of the building blocks.

The disadvantage is also the impossibility of forming, when laying blocks, through vertical channels necessary for use for various purposes - for laying communications, for strengthening masonry with reinforcing elements, including by creating equal-strength monolithic reinforced concrete structures in vertical channels, and / or for bulk masonry insulation heat-insulating materials with vertical filling on top of more than one row.

In addition, getting on the bed side of the block of masonry mortar between the rigid heat-insulating liners in the blocks, leading to the formation of cold bridges on the bed side of the block.

This utility model is aimed at achieving a technical result consisting in increasing the thermal properties and reducing their thermal conductivity in the masonry areas of openings (door, window, aisles) from these building blocks.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed faces, provided with at least one through vertical hole, while on one of the poke faces is perpendicular to the bed at least one recess is formed to the faces, with the possibility of forming, when laying together with the corresponding recess of an adjacent building block, an additional vertical a hole, at another flat bonded face in the body of a rectangular parallelepiped, the recess is at least partially blocked by a wall, the outer surface of which is located in the plane of the surface of the flat bonded edge, and the size of the through vertical hole, measured on the surface of the bed face along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon face more than the double depth of the notch on the butt edge, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the solution layer between adjacent adjacent builders GOVERNMENTAL stretcher blocks for masonry.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the spoon masonry, consisting of a row placement of building blocks, at least part of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed flat faces, while at least one through is made in the block a hole, and at least one recess is made on one bonded face, and in a row, these building blocks face each other with bonded faces to form when laying together with the corresponding grooves of the bottom block of additional vertical holes, the size of the through vertical hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the double depth of the recess on the butt side, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between adjacent adjacent building blocks with spoon masonry, equipped with additional building blocks, the basis of the formation of each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, bonded and bed faces made with at least one through vertical hole, and with a notch on one of the bonded faces and made with the possibility of laying additional vertical holes in each additional building block with the corresponding grooves of the adjacent block, in each bonded block made flat, at this flat bonded face in the body of a rectangular parallelepiped, the recess is at least partially blocked by a wall, the outer surface of which is located plane surface of the flat faces of the binder, while in each row of building blocks, masonry, forming an opening in an extreme row of the area of the opening is an optional building block which faces the opening in the flat face of the binder.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed faces, provided with at least one through vertical hole, while on one of the poke faces is perpendicular to the bed at least one recess is formed to the faces, with the possibility of forming, when laying together with the corresponding recess of an adjacent building block, an additional vertical a hole, at the other bonded face in the body of a rectangular parallelepiped, the recess is at least partially blocked by a wall, the size of the through vertical hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon face, is greater than the double depth of the groove on the bonded side, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between adjacent adjacent building blocks during spoon laying, while the length of the spoon face of the building block with one side they are longer than the length of the spoon-shaped face of the building block on its other side, and the bonded face from the side of the wall placement is made stepwise.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

Figure 1 - building blocks for spoon masonry, a prototype;

figure 2 - spoon masonry of the blocks of figure 1 in the area of the opening;

figure 3 - building block with a "thermal lock", the first example of execution;

figure 4 - building block with a "thermal lock", the second example of execution;

figure 5 - spoon masonry of building blocks with a "thermal lock" in figure 3 and 4, the design of the doorway;

6 is a building block with a "thermal lock", the third example of execution;

Fig.7 is a building block with a "thermal lock", the fourth embodiment;

Fig - spoon masonry of building blocks with a "thermal lock" of Fig.6 and 7, the design of the window opening;

Fig.9 is an example of the design of spoon masonry in the area of the opening of building blocks with a "thermal lock";

figure 10 is a three-dimensional image of the masonry in the area of the opening using the blocks of figure 3 and 4;

11 is a three-dimensional image of the masonry in the area of the opening using the blocks of Fig.6 and 7, the first example;

Fig - volumetric image of the masonry in the area of the opening using the blocks of Fig.6 and 7, the second example;

Fig - volumetric image of the masonry in the area of the opening using the blocks of Fig.3, 4, 6 and 7.

According to this utility model, the construction of building blocks is considered, providing the possibility of designing openings in the walls (window, door or aisles) when using building blocks with "thermal locks". Building blocks with "thermal locks" are a constructive development of the already known building blocks protected by RU No. 121838.

In RU No. 121838, a building block 1 for spoon masonry is described (Fig. 1), the shape of which is based on a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke 2 and bed 3 faces. At least one through vertical (vertically oriented) hole 4 is made in the body of such a block, and at least one recess 5 is formed on the butt faces 2 perpendicularly to the bed faces, which is configured to form an adjacent block when laying together with the corresponding recess additional vertical hole 6.

In such a block, both recesses can be through, and when two blocks adjoin the masonry, two through holes will form in a row with jagged faces. 6. In a preferred embodiment of the utility model, at least one end-to-end recess is made on each bonded face of the block.

The block has vertical holes 4, which in various versions of the building block can be either through or blind. Preferably, all holes 4 are made through.

The shape of the vertical holes 4 in cross section may be different. For example, the holes 4 in the cross section are in the shape of a triangle, or rectangle, or a polyhedron, either in the shape of a circle or in the shape of an ellipse. The walls of the through vertical hole are convex or the corners in the through vertical hole can be rounded.

The presence of at least one recess guaranteed to exclude the possibility of the formation of cold bridges in the gap between the building blocks, even in case of violation of the integrity of the wall of one of the recesses. When using the proposed building block in the outer walls, the heat flow (Fig. 1), crossing the block body in the spoon direction, passes along a curved path, thereby reducing the heat transfer intensity. In this regard, with in-line spoon masonry, due to the notches 5 being made on the bonded faces, the possibility of formation of cold bridges during masonry is guaranteed to be reduced.

The number of rows of holes in the building block can also be different - one, two, three or more rows (see, Fig. 1 shows the building blocks, each of which has three rows (along the bed side) of the holes. Each row has one to two through holes.

Blocks in dimensions can have both square and rectangular shapes.

Building blocks are designed for laying in one row, sequentially. Blocks are connected using various building mixtures or adhesives. Rows are obtained only spoon. Transverse vertical seams of each upper row overlap with blocks of the other row 1/2 block in the spoon rows. An example of the arrangement of building blocks in a row is shown in figure 1

Given that the building blocks are connected to each other by means of a mortar having a predetermined thickness "c", the size of the hole "a" (longitudinal dimension along the bed edge) is selected based on the following formula:

a = b1 + b2 + c, where

a is the size of the hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side;

b1 is the depth of the groove on the first bonded face, measured along the same line indicated above;

b2 is the depth of the groove on the second bonded face, measured along the same line indicated above;

c is the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks.

In the simplest (and optimal) case L = L2, however, in the more complicated case of implementing a utility model, these sizes can have different sizes, and in this case, it is also possible to achieve the coincidence of holes and grooves for the formation of a through vertical channel.

The shape of the recesses 5 should partially repeat the shape of the hole 4 in order to ensure uniformity of the surface of the walls of the vertical through channels formed during masonry.

In a preferred embodiment, the unit is equipped with two additional rows of holes located along the spoon face and consisting of two holes 4 of the same shape in plan, the thickness of the jumper g between the holes 4 of the additional row, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon face , greater than the sum of the thicknesses h1, h2 of the jumpers between the holes 4 and the surfaces of the butt faces of the block, measured along the same line, by a value c equal to the specified thickness of the solution layer pa between the blocks during masonry, that is, equality holds:

g = b1 + b2 + c, where

g is the thickness of the jumper between the holes 4 of the additional row;

h1 is the thickness of the jumper on the first bonded face, measured along the imaginary line indicated above;

h2 is the thickness of the jumper on the second bonded face, measured along the same imaginary line indicated above;

c is the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks.

When wall masonry is made of blocks made in compliance with the above conditions, if the blocks of the upper row overlap the blocks of the lower row 1/2 of the length of the spoon-shaped block face, the formation of many vertical through channels in the wall.

At the same time, the presence of large through holes and / or recesses in the building block allows you to create when laying a lot of vertical channels for laying communications. During the laying process, straight (or broken, but communicating) vertical heat-sound-insulating voids are formed from through holes and / or recesses of the blocks, forming columns to the entire height of the wall. These poles are designed for laying communications - electrical wiring, pipes, telephone cables, etc., and can also be used to fill bulk insulation: expanded clay, vermiculite, crumb foam glass, polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, etc. At least one of the rows of holes can be installed liners of heat-insulating material.

In the spoon masonry of such building blocks in the outer walls, the heat flow (Fig. 1), crossing the block body in the spoon direction, passes along a curved path, thereby reducing the heat transfer intensity. In this regard, with in-line spoon masonry, due to the notches 5 being made on the bonded faces, the possibility of formation of cold bridges during masonry is guaranteed to be reduced. However, for extremely located building blocks, in which the recesses remain open, the property of reducing heat transfer is lost and a cold bridge forms on the open bonded face.

The butt edges of such blocks that are extreme during the design of the pod (for a door or window, or passage), as shown in Fig. 2, remain open. Since the material of which the door frame 7 or the box or window frame is made differs from the material of the building blocks, and everything else, there is a gap between the end blocks and the frame itself in the opening, sealed with mounting foam, a cold transfer zone is formed in the place of this gap , that is, a direct exit of the heat flow to the zone of low temperature ..

To exclude the formation of cold bridges, it is necessary that the extreme building blocks 8, which form the opening itself, have endings on the butt edges openly facing the opening. An example of such additional building blocks is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 shows a full-sized block, and in FIG. 4 a half-sized block along the bed edge of the block in FIG. 3. Since, in the case of spoon laying, the blocks in each subsequent row are shifted by half the length of the block, for the formation of the opening, the algorithm for installing blocks in rows in the opening zone dictates that if a full-sized building block is placed in one row (Fig. 3), then it is placed in an adjacent row half block (figure 4)

These building blocks (Figs. 3 and 4) are also used for spoon masonry and have a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed edges, at the heart of the shaping. The block is provided with at least one through vertical hole, and at least one recess is formed on one of the bonded faces perpendicular to the bed edges, which is capable of forming, when laying together with the corresponding recesses of the adjacent block, an additional vertical hole.

On the other flat bonding face 2 of a rectangular parallelepiped, one recess 9 is made, which is at least partially blocked by a wall 10 (that is, there is a gap in the face — a gap 11), the outer surface of which is located in the plane of the surface of the flat bonding face. It can be seen that, in general, these building blocks repeat the construction of the blocks of figure 1, but have differences in the design of one bonded face. In the new additional block, the bonded face 2, placed in the masonry row from the side

the opening is made flat and has at least a partially closed recess near the wall of this face. These recesses exclude the transfer of heat flux into the opening area and are, in essence, a “thermal lock”. For additional blocks, the size “a” of the through vertical hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the double notch depth (b1 or b2) on the stitch face measured along the same line by an amount equal to the thickness of c ”a layer of mortar between adjoining building blocks with spoon masonry.

If we compare the construction of the building block of FIGS. 3 and 4 with the construction of the block of FIG. 1, then their difference lies in the fact that in additional building blocks open recesses on one bonded face are made closed or partially closed. Thus, the opening zone is formed by additional blocks in figure 3 and 4, as shown in figure 5. In the marginal zones of the aperture, all the outermost blocks are located with jagged faces in which "thermal locks" are formed. Additional building blocks in figure 3 and 4 are universal, as they can be used to design the opening of any purpose. This is due to the fact that the walls of the aperture are made flat and do not have protrusions that could be considered as stops or stops for installing the frame.

To obtain an opening with positioning elements in it of a frame or box, you can use additional building blocks 12 of Fig.6 and 7. These blocks basically repeat the design of the blocks of Fig.3 and 4.

The building block for spoon masonry in Fig.6 and 7 has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with spoon, poke and bed edges. At least one through vertically oriented hole is made in the block body, and at least one recess is formed on one of the bonded faces perpendicular to the bed faces, which is capable of forming, when laying together with the corresponding recesses of the adjacent block, an additional vertical hole. A feature of this block is that a recess 9 is organized at the other bonded face 2 in a rectangular parallelepiped, at least partially blocked by a wall 10 with a slit 11 in the bonded face. The size of the through vertical hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the double depth of the notch on the bonded side, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between adjacent adjacent building blocks during spoon laying, when the length of the spoon side of the building block on one side is greater than the length of the spoon side of the building block on its other side, and the bonded side on the side of the wall is made stepped. Thus, in this building block, the other bonded face is stepped. This step 13 forms a stop or stop for positioning the frame or box.

Fig.6 shows a full-sized block, and Fig.7 a block half the size along the bed edge of the block of Fig.6. Since, in the case of spoon laying, the blocks in each subsequent row are shifted by half the length of the block, then for the formation of the opening, the algorithm for installing blocks in rows in the feeding zone dictates that if a full-sized building block is placed in one row (Fig. 6), then it is placed in an adjacent row half block (Fig.7).

If we compare the construction of the building block of FIGS. 6 and 7 with the construction of the block of FIGS. 3 and 4, then their difference lies in the fact that in the additional building blocks the open recess on one bonded face is made closed or partially closed. Thus, the opening zone is formed by additional blocks in Fig.6 and 7, as shown in Fig.8. In the marginal zones of the aperture, all the outermost blocks are located with jagged faces in which "thermal locks" are formed. The additional building blocks of FIGS. 6 and 7 on the other bonded edge have a protrusion formed by a step of the bonded edge, which, when laying the opening, can be used as supporting elements for supporting the door or window box. On Fig shows an example of the execution of the opening having protrusions on all sides of the frame, and Fig.9 shows an example of the use of the blocks of Fig.3 and 4 together with the sides of Fig.6 and 7. Fig.10-13 shows 3D images of masonry in the area of openings using building blocks according to this utility model.

Thus, in the aperture zone, edge blocks directly forming an aperture form a flat surface of the aperture wall, which creates convenience for mounting a box or frame of the product that is built into the aperture, taking into account today accepted technologies for mounting doors and windows or arches and their structures. Moreover, in the opening area, the blocks have “thermal locks” that prevent the formation of cold bridges. Considering the fact that the edge blocks directly forming the opening go into a zone of a different temperature regime and a different humidity than that which is artificially formed in the rows of spoon masonry due to labyrinth-like transitions of the air flow, expansion joints and stress compensators are made on the pin faces of extremely placed blocks. These compensators are made in the form of a through gap in a flat bonding face opposite one of the vertical holes in the body of the block.

All the building blocks during masonry can be interconnected both by butt faces and by bed faces with mortar. This case is used for building blocks with flat faces at the joints. The positioning of such building blocks both in a row and between rows along the height of a structure is controlled by a bricklayer and depends on his experience.

To strengthen the connection of building blocks and to create the conditions of an unambiguous spatial position of one block relative to adjacent blocks during spoon laying, protrusions can be made on one of the bonded faces of each building block, and troughs corresponding to them on the other. In an alternative embodiment, both protrusions and depressions can simultaneously be made on the bonding faces, so that the abutting surfaces of adjacent building blocks form a structural lock on the “father-mother” principle or on the principle of “groove- crest".

On one of the bonded faces, additional protrusions can be made that do not correspond to the depressions on the opposite bonded face. Additional protrusions are designed to form distance limiters between blocks in bonded seams of masonry from blocks, which contribute to increasing the accuracy of masonry and strictly maintaining the size of the seam for mortar.

This utility model is industrially applicable, as it can be manufactured under industrial conditions from various materials. The walls of the block are made of:

1. Any clay (including with additives and in combination with special fillers) by plastic and / or vibropress and / or vacuum molding and subsequent firing, as well as by hyperpressing;

2. Any mixture of fillers (crushed stone, expanded clay, slag, ash, etc.) with cement, or foam concrete, aerated concrete, gas lubricants, expanded clay concrete, sawdust concrete by any known method of casting, vibro-casting, vibro-pressing, hyper-pressing;

3. Any mixture (crushed stone, expanded clay, slag, etc.) with cement by dry and / or semi / dry pressing or vibration pressing;

Including from:

3.1. Silicates;

3.2. Expanded clay;

3.3. Concrete in the sand and gravel;

3.4. Concrete on brick waste;

3.5. Sand-cement mixture with the addition of slags and / or granules of foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, foam glass and other known building materials / additives with thermal insulation properties in various compositions between each other and / or separately;

3.6. Foam concrete with the addition of expanded clay and / or slag of polystyrene granules, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, foam glass and other well-known building materials with thermal insulation properties in various compositions between each other or separately;

4. Foam concrete;

5. Aerated concrete;

6. Gas silicate;

7. Mixtures of wood chips and / or shavings with cement or sand-cement mixture, expanded clay concrete, foam concrete, aerated concrete and mineral additives, in any combination.

8. Ashes;

9. Sawdust (concrete + sawdust and / or shavings of various sizes from 1 mm to 30 mm);

10. Wood concrete (concrete + wood chips of various sizes from 2 mm to 50 mm)

11. Perlite concrete;

12. Polystyrene concrete;

as well as any new structural materials suitable for the manufacture of stone blocks / ceramic blocks / bricks.

The use of this utility model in the field of construction during the laying of the external walls of civil and industrial buildings and structures and during the construction of external load-bearing walls of buildings and structures with a height of up to three floors can improve the functional properties of masonry from such building blocks by increasing the voidness of building blocks and the formation of vertically oriented channels multifunctional purpose.

Claims (9)

1. A building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped with spoon, pin and bed faces, provided with at least one through vertical hole, while at least one of the button faces perpendicular to the bed faces is formed one recess made with the possibility of formation during masonry together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, characterized in that the other flat t the hump face in the body of the rectangular parallelepiped, the recess is at least partially blocked by a wall, the outer surface of which is located in the plane of the surface of the flat bonded face, and the size of the through vertical hole, measured on the surface of the bed face along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon face, is greater than the double depth of the recess by bonded faces, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between adjacent adjacent building blocks during spoon laying. 2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the through vertical hole in the cross section has the shape of a triangle, or rectangle, or a polyhedron, or in the form of a circle, or in the form of an ellipse. 3. Block 1, characterized in that the walls of the through vertical hole are convex or the corners in the through vertical hole are rounded. 4. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that at least in one of the openings there is an insert made of heat-insulating material. 5. Spoon masonry, consisting of in-line placement of building blocks, at least part of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed flat faces, while at least one through hole is made in the block, and on one at least one recess is made of a bonded face, and in a row, these building blocks face each other with bonded faces to form additional vertical holes, when laying together with the corresponding grooves of the adjacent block, the size of the through vertical hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the double depth of the notch on the stitch face, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between adjacent building blocks during spoon laying, different the fact that it is equipped with additional building blocks, the basis of the formation of each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped with spoon, poke and bed sheets with holes made with at least one through vertical hole, and with a notch on one of the bonded faces and made with the possibility of formation, when laying together with the corresponding grooves of the neighboring block of additional vertical holes, in each additional building block the other bonded face is made flat, at this flat bonded face in the body of a rectangular parallelepiped, the recess is at least partially blocked by a wall, the outer surface of which is located in the plane of the surface of the flat at the same time, in each row of building blocks, with the masonry forming the opening, an additional building block located in the opening in the row in the opening zone, facing the opening with a flat bonded face. 6. A building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped with spoon, pin and bed faces, provided with at least one through vertical hole, while at least one of the button faces perpendicular to the bed faces is formed one recess, made with the possibility of formation during masonry together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent building block of an additional vertical hole, characterized in that the other faces in the body of a rectangular parallelepiped, the recess is at least partially blocked by the wall, the size of the through vertical hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the double depth of the recess on the butt side, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between adjacent adjacent building blocks during spoon laying, while the length of the spoon face of the building block on one side is greater than the length of the spoon face with roitelnogo unit with his other hand, and the binder face with the side wall is stepped placement. 7. The block according to claim 6, characterized in that the through vertical hole in the cross section has the shape of a triangle, or rectangle, or a polyhedron, or in the form of a circle, or in the form of an ellipse. 8. The block according to claim 6, characterized in that the walls of the through vertical hole are convex or the corners in the through vertical hole are rounded. 9. The block according to claim 6, characterized in that at least in one of the openings there is an insert made of heat-insulating material.

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