WO2013098448A1 - Energy-efficient climate wall formed by multilayer blocks that can be assembled together - Google Patents

Energy-efficient climate wall formed by multilayer blocks that can be assembled together Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013098448A1
WO2013098448A1 PCT/ES2012/070878 ES2012070878W WO2013098448A1 WO 2013098448 A1 WO2013098448 A1 WO 2013098448A1 ES 2012070878 W ES2012070878 W ES 2012070878W WO 2013098448 A1 WO2013098448 A1 WO 2013098448A1
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Prior art keywords
blocks
wall
block
energy efficient
previous
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PCT/ES2012/070878
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francisco Javier AYALA LÓPEZ
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ROS AROCA, Joaquín Ángel
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Publication of WO2013098448A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013098448A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0245—Pegs or pins

Definitions

  • the present invention is indicated for use in the "Construction Sector”.
  • the invention itself consists of a combined system of certain parts, that arranged in the order and method indicated, lead to the execution of a wall, which in addition to meeting the traditional characteristics of a factory, new improvements, advantages and attributes are added, not present in conventional walls.
  • the pieces involved in the composition of the climatic wall are classified into three groups: a) Assembled multilayer blocks, b) Guide connectors and c) Link plates.
  • the assembled multilayer blocks in turn, can be classified into three types: a. l) Center (figure 1) and (figure 2); a.2) Corner (figure 3) and a.3) End (figure 4).
  • the guide connectors (figure 5), do not have a special classification since presenting the same section, they can be of varying lengths.
  • Link plates can be classified mainly into four types: c. l) anchor (figure 6), c.2) T-link (figure 7), c.3) L-link (figure 8) and in-line link (figure 9).
  • Various other special shapes can also be designed according to the characteristics of the meetings between walls.
  • the exterior appearance is similar to the prefabricated blocks that are currently on the market, in the form of a parallelepiped, with suitable dimensions to be managed manually without much effort.
  • the main difference with respect to those already existing in the market lies in its multilayer composition: the outer layers, constituted by hardened concrete, adequately dosed, being these layers the ones that attribute to the block the properties of mechanical resistance; and the layers that make up the inner core constituted by a mass of low-density thermal insulating material (porexpan or expanded polystyrene type) and other intermediate layers, acoustic or bituminous sheet type, sandwiched between the outer stone layers and the inner core.
  • the layers of the inner core are what give it the Breaking properties of thermal and acoustic bridges, in addition to high energy efficiency.
  • the inner layers will be raised above the outer concrete layers a distance equal to the thickness of the factory horizontal sores. Likewise, they will have vertical cylindrical holes provided for the correct coupling and perfect locking of the blocks.
  • the high degree of thermal and acoustic properties presented by this multilayer block are achieved fundamentally because the outer layers, constituted by concrete, are not connected to each other at any point, nor in the block itself, nor along the length and height of the wall that Run with this system.
  • a sectional type "center" of an assembled multilayer block is engraved, in which its interior composition is distinguished, where:
  • the "center” type main piece (figure 1) is the most standard of the system in terms of its shape and will generally be the one that will form the most units for the execution of a climatic wall.
  • the "corner” pieces (figure 3) have the same mechanical and insulating properties as the center pieces, with the peculiarity that their geometry is designed so that the lock is not lost, nor the breakage of thermal and acoustic bridges in the corners or corners of the climatic walls.
  • the "Final" pieces (figure 4) are expressly designed to avoid cutting or fractionation of the previous pieces.
  • each range of blocks may vary depending on the particularities of each work or design in an architectural project.
  • Blocks of different lengths can be combined within the same course and rows of different heights can be inserted, to obtain aspects of irregular saddle factories, but thanks to the design of the pieces, at no time will the fabric and the vertical alignment of the ducts
  • the calibration and planimetry of the pieces in their assembly faces will be characterized by not presenting deviations greater than plus or minus 2% in any of the pieces.
  • GUIDE CONNECTORS The faces seen of the pieces can be finished with the desired color and texture depending on the colored composition of the binder and the mold used, being able to obtain stone aspects of masonry or stonework, polished, bush hammered, rough or any element that presents the appearance required b) GUIDE CONNECTORS:
  • the connectors-guides can consist of simple pipes existing in the market, PVC, steel, or any other material.
  • anchor type plates are designed to link a new wall executed with this system to existing walls, are rectangular in shape and have a small flap at right angles (figure 6).
  • T link plates (figure 7) and “L” (figure 8) are in the form of T and L respectively and are indicated to lock newly executed walls that project perpendicularly to each other.
  • link plates can be designed according to the characteristics of the encounter between walls.
  • the wall will be reconsidered on the floor, taking into account the total lengths, corners, links with other walls and gaps so that they adapt to the characteristics of the pieces.
  • the first row of blocks will be fixed to the ground by mortar, mortar or suitable adhesive.
  • the guiding connectors will be inserted into the through holes in the core of the pieces, preferably in all the holes in each of the blocks that make up the first course.
  • the blocks will simply be inserted, through their holes, on the guide connectors arranged in the first course.
  • the following courses, until reaching the total height of the wall will be arranged in a similar way, inserting intermediate guide connectors between the rows.
  • the appropriate link or anchor plates will be inserted, preferably in all courses. Once this process is finished, the wall will already present a perfect planimetry and perfect lock with hardly any tools.
  • the joint and joint cords between blocks will be applied from both sides of the wall, injecting mortar or suitable adhesive into the vertical and horizontal sores of the pieces. These cords, once hardened and hardened, will bring to the wall the mechanical resistance characteristic of the project.
  • the wall executed with this system will have a network of vertical tubes every 20 or 25 cm approximately, from floor to ceiling, allowing these ducts to be used for any type of installation (water, electricity, telecommunications, air conditioning, etc.), avoiding execution of rigolas or rubs, which diminish the mechanical and thermal properties of the walls, in addition to almost reducing the generation of debris.
  • (10) is a multi-layer center type block
  • (11) is a multilayer long center type block
  • (12) is corner type multilayer block
  • (14) is mortar, mortar or suitable adhesive
  • the network is usable as multiconductors for the uniform distribution of the air conditioning inside the buildings.
  • the wall can be lifted dry without the use of the mortar between the pieces being necessary until the end of the execution of the work unit.
  • a minimum amount of mortar or suitable adhesive, without waste, is used for the union between pieces and their assembly for greater performance of this last finishing phase. It can be injected by an automatic or manual device.
  • any inert material free of harmful or incompatible components for the preparation of concrete, can be used as aggregates to make the stone layers, conveniently crushed to achieve an adequate granulometric curve. They can therefore be disposable materials from recycling, such as glass, plastics, fibers, etc.
  • a possible mode of execution or manufacturing of multilayer block pieces would consist of the following process:
  • climatic walls An important application envisaged in the "climatic walls" made with this system, is the use of the network of vertical ducts that are generated in these walls to be used as air multiconductors that previously generate a source of air conditioning.
  • the main air conditioning distribution ducts must be connected with the existing vertical ducts in the climatic walls.
  • the resulting multi-network will allow the air-conditioned air to be promoted and distributed more evenly by the upper or lower part of the rooms, depending on whether it is cold or hot air, respectively.
  • simple thermal valves or the like will be arranged, automatically operated according to the outside temperature or synchronized with the air conditioner. Through this connection, the air conditioning performance will be much more efficient than with the usual methods in which both cold and hot air conditioning are always driven from above, leaving the stratified hot air in the upper parts of the rooms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for building walls, consisting of masonry or brickwork, mainly formed by parts referred to as multilayer blocks, which can be handled by hand and which are joined together using adhesive or mortar. The outer layers of the multilayer block are preferably made from stone materials and the inner core is made from thermally and acoustically insulating materials. The outer layers of each block are at no point connected to one another, in order to guarantee a break in the thermal bridge. The block parts have vertical through holes which can be used to insert guide connectors and linking plates that guarantee perfect planimetry, coupling and joining between parts. The resulting wall offers: geometric perfection, low density, high mechanical strength, no thermal-acoustic bridges, a vertical network of ducts for installations and, above all, quick and easy construction.

Description

MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES.  CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS.
La presente invención está indicada para su empleo en el "Sector de la Construcción".  The present invention is indicated for use in the "Construction Sector".
Se refiere a un nuevo sistema constructivo para la realización de muros o paredes, destinados a fachadas (exterior-interior) y a compartimentaciones interiores (interior-interior), consistente en el empleo combinado de diversas piezas prefabricadas, dispuestas con el orden y método en el que se fundamenta la presente invención. It refers to a new construction system for the realization of walls or walls, intended for facades (exterior-interior) and interior compartments (interior-interior), consisting of the combined use of various prefabricated parts, arranged with the order and method in the that the present invention is based.
En la actualidad, el Estado de la Técnica en este sector, y concretamente, en el capítulo de muros y fábricas, se caracteriza por el empleo de piezas de mediano tamaño, de manejo manual, constituidas principalmente por materiales pétreos, que se unen entre sí con argamasa. At present, the State of the Art in this sector, and specifically, in the chapter of walls and factories, is characterized by the use of medium-sized pieces, manually operated, consisting mainly of stone materials, which are joined together with mortar.
No se tiene constancia del empleo de piezas simples auxiliares a modo de conectores intercalados en el interior del muro que sirvan para conseguir el perfecto trabado y geometría de la fábrica. Tampoco se tiene constancia que, los muros una vez terminados, aún sin revestimientos, cumplan con la rotura de puentes térmicos y acústicos en una sola fase de ejecución de puesta en obra. No se tiene constancia que después de ejecutada una fábrica trabada, disponga de un entramado vertical de conducciones que pueden ser utilizadas para preinstalaciones, evitando así la apertura de rozas o rigolas y su posterior tapado para alojar y ocultar las preinstalaciones. Tampoco se tiene constancia que se pueda levantar una pared en seco, sin la disposición de la argamasa de unión entre piezas, hilada a hilada. En este nuevo sistema, se puede aplicar la argamasa de unión entre piezas después de levantada la pared. Por último, no se tiene constancia de que el propio muro en su conjunto pueda ser elemento multiconductor para climatizar interiormente el inmueble que lo delimita.  There is no evidence of the use of simple auxiliary parts as interleaved connectors inside the wall that serve to achieve the perfect lock and geometry of the factory. There is also no evidence that, once finished walls, even without coatings, comply with the breakage of thermal and acoustic bridges in a single phase of implementation of work. There is no record that after executing a locked factory, it has a vertical network of pipes that can be used for pre-installation, thus preventing the opening of rubs or rhiglas and their subsequent cover to accommodate and hide the pre-installations. There is also no record that a dry wall can be lifted, without the arrangement of the mortar between pieces, spun to spun. In this new system, the mortar between pieces can be applied after the wall is lifted. Finally, there is no evidence that the wall itself as a whole can be a multi-conductor element to internally condition the building that defines it.
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
La invención en sí consiste en un sistema combinado de determinadas piezas, que dispuestas en el orden y método indicado, conllevan a la ejecución de una pared, que además de reunir las características tradicionales de una fábrica, se le añaden nuevas mejoras, ventajas y atributos, no presentes en las paredes convencionales. The invention itself consists of a combined system of certain parts, that arranged in the order and method indicated, lead to the execution of a wall, which in addition to meeting the traditional characteristics of a factory, new improvements, advantages and attributes are added, not present in conventional walls.
Las piezas que intervienen en la composición del muro climático se clasifican en tres grupos: a) Bloques multicapa ensamblables, b) Conectores guía y c) Chapas de enlace. The pieces involved in the composition of the climatic wall are classified into three groups: a) Assembled multilayer blocks, b) Guide connectors and c) Link plates.
Los bloques multicapa ensamblables, a su vez, se pueden clasificar en tres tipos: a. l) de Centro (figura 1) y (figura 2); a.2) de Esquina (figura 3) y a.3) de Final (figura 4).  The assembled multilayer blocks, in turn, can be classified into three types: a. l) Center (figure 1) and (figure 2); a.2) Corner (figure 3) and a.3) End (figure 4).
Los Conectores guías (figura 5), no tienen una clasificación especial ya que presentando una misma sección, pueden ser de longitudes variables.  The guide connectors (figure 5), do not have a special classification since presenting the same section, they can be of varying lengths.
Las Chapas de enlace se pueden clasificar principalmente en cuatro tipos: c. l) de anclaje (figura 6), c.2) de enlace en T (figura 7), c.3) de enlace en L (figura 8) y de enlace en línea (figura 9). También se pueden diseñar otras diversas formas especiales según las características de los encuentros entre muros. Link plates can be classified mainly into four types: c. l) anchor (figure 6), c.2) T-link (figure 7), c.3) L-link (figure 8) and in-line link (figure 9). Various other special shapes can also be designed according to the characteristics of the meetings between walls.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS PIEZAS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTS
a) BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES: a) ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS:
El aspecto exterior es similar al de los bloques prefabricados que actualmente se encuentran en el mercado, en forma de paralepipedo, con unas dimensiones adecuadas para poder ser manejados manualmente sin mayor esfuerzo. La principal diferencia respecto a los ya existentes en el mercado estriba en su composición multicapa: las capas exteriores, constituidas por hormigón endurecido, adecuadamente dosificado, siendo estas capas las que atribuyen al bloque las propiedades de resistencia mecánica; y las capas que conforman el núcleo interior constituidas por un macizado de material aislante térmico de baja densidad (tipo porexpan o poliestireno expandido) y otras capas intermedias, tipo lámina acústica o bituminosa, intercaladas entre las capas pétreas exteriores y el núcleo interior. Las capas del núcleo interior son las que le otorgan las propiedades de rotura de puentes térmicos y acústicos, además de una alta eficiencia energética. The exterior appearance is similar to the prefabricated blocks that are currently on the market, in the form of a parallelepiped, with suitable dimensions to be managed manually without much effort. The main difference with respect to those already existing in the market lies in its multilayer composition: the outer layers, constituted by hardened concrete, adequately dosed, being these layers the ones that attribute to the block the properties of mechanical resistance; and the layers that make up the inner core constituted by a mass of low-density thermal insulating material (porexpan or expanded polystyrene type) and other intermediate layers, acoustic or bituminous sheet type, sandwiched between the outer stone layers and the inner core. The layers of the inner core are what give it the Breaking properties of thermal and acoustic bridges, in addition to high energy efficiency.
Las capas interiores estarán sobreelevadas por encima de las capas exteriores de hormigón una distancia igual al espesor de las llagas horizontales de la fábrica. Así mismo dispondrán de unos taladros cilindricos pasantes en sentido vertical previstos para el correcto acoplamiento y perfecta traba de los bloques. El alto grado de las propiedades térmicas y acústicas que presenta este bloque multicapa se consiguen fundamentalmente porque las capas exteriores, constituidas por hormigón, no están conectadas entre sí en ningún punto, ni en el propio bloque, ni a lo largo y alto del muro que se ejecute con este sistema. En figura 10 de los dibujos se grafía una pieza seccionada tipo "de centro" de bloque multicapa ensamblable, en el que se distingue su composición interior, donde:  The inner layers will be raised above the outer concrete layers a distance equal to the thickness of the factory horizontal sores. Likewise, they will have vertical cylindrical holes provided for the correct coupling and perfect locking of the blocks. The high degree of thermal and acoustic properties presented by this multilayer block are achieved fundamentally because the outer layers, constituted by concrete, are not connected to each other at any point, nor in the block itself, nor along the length and height of the wall that Run with this system. In figure 10 of the drawings, a sectional type "center" of an assembled multilayer block is engraved, in which its interior composition is distinguished, where:
(1) es aglomerante endurecido elaborado con áridos de granulometría adecuada (2) es lámina acústica  (1) it is a hardened binder made with aggregates of suitable granulometry (2) it is acoustic sheet
(3) es material aislante térmico de baja densidad y  (3) It is low density thermal insulating material and
(4) es taladro pasante vertical de diámetro interior constante.  (4) It is vertical through hole of constant inside diameter.
Diferentes modelos de bloques multicapa ensamblables: Different models of assembled multilayer blocks:
La pieza principal tipo "de centro" (figura 1) es la más estándar del sistema en cuanto a su forma y generalmente será la que más unidades formaran parte para la ejecución de un muro climático.  The "center" type main piece (figure 1) is the most standard of the system in terms of its shape and will generally be the one that will form the most units for the execution of a climatic wall.
También están previstas piezas "de centro" de mayor longitud (figura 2) para obtener un mayor rendimiento y rapidez en la ejecución de la unidad de obra, así como para obtener aspectos de sillares de mayor tamaño.  "Center" pieces of greater length are also provided (figure 2) to obtain greater performance and speed in the execution of the work unit, as well as to obtain aspects of larger ashlars.
Las piezas "de esquina" (figura 3) tienen las mismas propiedades mecánicas y aislantes que las piezas de centro, con la particularidad de que su geometría está diseñada para que no se pierda la traba, ni la rotura de puentes térmicos y acústicos en las esquinas o rincones de los muros climáticos. The "corner" pieces (figure 3) have the same mechanical and insulating properties as the center pieces, with the peculiarity that their geometry is designed so that the lock is not lost, nor the breakage of thermal and acoustic bridges in the corners or corners of the climatic walls.
Las piezas "de Final" (figura 4) están expresamente diseñadas para evitar el corte o fraccionamiento de las piezas anteriores. The "Final" pieces (figure 4) are expressly designed to avoid cutting or fractionation of the previous pieces.
La longitud, altura y espesor de cada gama de bloques podrá variar dependiendo de las particularidades de cada obra o diseño en proyecto de arquitectura.  The length, height and thickness of each range of blocks may vary depending on the particularities of each work or design in an architectural project.
Se prevén los siguientes espesores aproximados para muros o particiones interiores: 30 cm, 25 cm, 20 cm, 16 cm, 12 cm, 10 y 8 cm. The following approximate thicknesses are foreseen for interior walls or partitions: 30 cm, 25 cm, 20 cm, 16 cm, 12 cm, 10 and 8 cm.
Se podrán combinar bloques de diferentes longitudes dentro de la misma hilada y se podrán intercalar hiladas de diferentes alturas, para obtener aspectos de fábricas de sillares irregulares, pero gracias al diseño de las piezas, en ningún momento se perderá el entramado y la alineación vertical de los conductos.  Blocks of different lengths can be combined within the same course and rows of different heights can be inserted, to obtain aspects of irregular saddle factories, but thanks to the design of the pieces, at no time will the fabric and the vertical alignment of the ducts
El calibrado y planimetría de las piezas en sus caras de ensamble, se caracterizará por no presentar desviaciones superiores a mas-menos 2 % en cualquiera de las piezas. The calibration and planimetry of the pieces in their assembly faces, will be characterized by not presenting deviations greater than plus or minus 2% in any of the pieces.
Las caras vistas de las piezas puede ser acabadas con el color y la textura deseada en función de la composición coloreada del aglomerante y del molde empleado, pudiéndose obtener aspectos pétreos de sillería o cantería, pulidos, abujardados, rugosos o cualquier elemento que presente la apariencia requerida. b) CONECTORES GUÍA:  The faces seen of the pieces can be finished with the desired color and texture depending on the colored composition of the binder and the mold used, being able to obtain stone aspects of masonry or stonework, polished, bush hammered, rough or any element that presents the appearance required b) GUIDE CONNECTORS:
Consisten en tramos de tubo de diámetro exterior igual al diámetro interior de los taladros existentes en el núcleo de los bloques. La longitud de los conectores guías puede ser variable, no debiendo ser inferior a la altura de los bloques a ensamblar. Los conectores-guías pueden consistir en simples tubos existentes en el mercado, de PVC, de acero, o de cualquier otro material.  They consist of sections of tube with an outside diameter equal to the inside diameter of the holes in the core of the blocks. The length of the guide connectors can be variable, not having to be less than the height of the blocks to be assembled. The connectors-guides can consist of simple pipes existing in the market, PVC, steel, or any other material.
En la figura 5 de los dibujos se grafía un "conector guía" de longitud media. c) CHAPAS DE ENLACE: A "guide connector" of medium length is spelled out in Figure 5 of the drawings. c) LINK LAYERS:
Se trata de unas chapas de material resistente (metal o plástico) de 1 mm de espesor aproximado a las que se les practican taladros pasantes de diámetros ¡guales a los exteriores de los conectores guías e ¡guales a los interiores de los taladros verticales pasantes de los bloques multicapa. Estas chapas quedarán enhebradas en los conectores guías y alojadas entre las llagas horizontales de los muros. These are sheets of resistant material (metal or plastic) of approximately 1 mm thick, which are drilled through holes of equal diameters to the exterior of the guide connectors and equal to the interior of the through vertical holes of The multilayer blocks. These plates will be threaded into the guide connectors and housed between the horizontal sores of the walls.
Diferentes modelos de chapas de enlace:  Different models of link plates:
Las chapas tipo "de anclaje" están diseñadas para enlazar un nuevo muro ejecutado con este sistema a muros ya existentes, son de forma rectangular y presentan una pequeña solapa en ángulo recto (figura 6).  The "anchor" type plates are designed to link a new wall executed with this system to existing walls, are rectangular in shape and have a small flap at right angles (figure 6).
Las Chapas de enlace "en T" (figura 7) y "en L" (figura 8) son en forma de T y L respectivamente y están indicadas para trabar paredes de nueva ejecución que se proyecten perpendicularmente entre sí.  The "T" link plates (figure 7) and "L" (figure 8) are in the form of T and L respectively and are indicated to lock newly executed walls that project perpendicularly to each other.
Las chapas de enlace "en línea" (figura 9), están indicadas para asegurar el enlace en muros cuando no se quieran trabar las piezas.  The "in-line" link plates (figure 9), are indicated to secure the link in walls when the parts are not to be locked.
Se pueden diseñar otras formas de chapas de enlace según las características del encuentro entre paredes.  Other forms of link plates can be designed according to the characteristics of the encounter between walls.
Los cuatro tipos principales de Chapas de enlace se grafían en las figuras 6, 7, 8 y 9 de los dibujos.  The four main types of link plates are plotted in figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings.
METODO PARA LEVANTAR UNA PARED MEDIANTE ESTE SISTEMA METHOD FOR LIFTING A WALL BY THIS SYSTEM
En primer lugar se replanteará sobre el suelo la pared, teniendo en cuenta las longitudes totales, esquinas, enlaces con otras paredes y huecos para que se adapten a las características de las piezas. Seguidamente se fijarán al suelo la primera hilada de bloques mediante argamasa, mortero o adhesivo adecuado. Se insertarán, en los taladros pasantes del núcleo de las piezas, los conectores guías, preferiblemente en todos los taladros de cada uno de los bloques que componen la primera hilada. Para colocar la siguiente hilada simplemente se irán insertando los bloques, a través de sus taladros, sobre los conectores guías dispuestos en la primera hilada. Las siguientes hiladas, hasta alcanzar la altura total de la pared, se irán disponiendo de forma similar, insertando entre las hiladas conectores guía intermedios.  First, the wall will be reconsidered on the floor, taking into account the total lengths, corners, links with other walls and gaps so that they adapt to the characteristics of the pieces. Then the first row of blocks will be fixed to the ground by mortar, mortar or suitable adhesive. The guiding connectors will be inserted into the through holes in the core of the pieces, preferably in all the holes in each of the blocks that make up the first course. To place the next course, the blocks will simply be inserted, through their holes, on the guide connectors arranged in the first course. The following courses, until reaching the total height of the wall, will be arranged in a similar way, inserting intermediate guide connectors between the rows.
En los puntos donde esté previsto el enlace con otro muro, existente o futuro, se insertarán las chapas de enlace o anclaje adecuadas, preferiblemente en todas las hiladas. Una vez acabado este proceso, la pared ya presentará una perfecta planimetría y perfecta traba sin apenas auxilio de herramientas. At the points where the link with another wall, existing or future, is planned, the appropriate link or anchor plates will be inserted, preferably in all courses. Once this process is finished, the wall will already present a perfect planimetry and perfect lock with hardly any tools.
Para finalizar el proceso, se aplicará desde ambos lados de la pared los cordones de junteo y unión entre bloques, inyectando mortero o adhesivo adecuado en el interior de las llagas verticales y horizontales de las piezas. Estos cordones, una vez fraguados y endurecidos aportarán a la pared las resistencias mecánicas características de proyecto.  To complete the process, the joint and joint cords between blocks will be applied from both sides of the wall, injecting mortar or suitable adhesive into the vertical and horizontal sores of the pieces. These cords, once hardened and hardened, will bring to the wall the mechanical resistance characteristic of the project.
Una vez acabado este último proceso, la pared quedará perfectamente terminada sin apenas generación de escombros ni desperdicio de argamasa de unión.  Once this last process is finished, the wall will be perfectly finished with hardly any generation of debris or waste of bonding mortar.
El muro ejecutado con este sistema dispondrá de un entramado de tubos verticales cada 20 ó 25 cm aproximadamente, de suelo a techo, permitiendo utilizar estos conductos para cualquier tipo de instalación (agua, electricidad, telecomunicaciones, climatización, etc.), evitando la ejecución de rigolas o rozas, que merman las propiedades mecánicas y térmicas de los muros, además de reducir casi a cero la generación de escombros. The wall executed with this system will have a network of vertical tubes every 20 or 25 cm approximately, from floor to ceiling, allowing these ducts to be used for any type of installation (water, electricity, telecommunications, air conditioning, etc.), avoiding execution of rigolas or rubs, which diminish the mechanical and thermal properties of the walls, in addition to almost reducing the generation of debris.
En la figura 11 de los dibujos, se grafía el arranque de una composición tipo de "muro climático" en el que se aprecian todos sus componentes donde:  In figure 11 of the drawings, the start-up of a type composition of "climatic wall" is recorded in which all its components are appreciated where:
(4) es taladro pasante vertical de diámetro interior constante,  (4) It is vertical through hole of constant inner diameter,
(5) es conector guía,  (5) is guide connector,
(6) es chapa de anclaje, (6) is anchor plate,
(7) es chapa de enlace en T,  (7) is T-link plate,
(8) es chapa de enlace en L,  (8) is L-link plate,
(9) es chapa de enlace en línea,  (9) is online link sheet,
(10) es bloque multicapa tipo centro,  (10) is a multi-layer center type block,
(11) es bloque multicapa tipo centro largo, (11) is a multilayer long center type block,
(12) es bloque multicapa tipo esquina,  (12) is corner type multilayer block,
(13) es bloque multicapa tipo final,  (13) is multilayer block type final,
(14) es mortero, argamasa o adhesivo adecuado,  (14) is mortar, mortar or suitable adhesive,
(15) es muro existente, anterior a la ejecución de un nuevo muro climático. CARACTERÍSTICAS, MEJORAS Y VENTAJAS QUE PRESENTAN LOS MUROS EJECUTADOS CON ESTE SISTEMA RESPECTO AL TRADICIONAL: a) Menor peso propio por metro cuadrado respecto a los muros tradicionales, reincidiendo directamente en el inferior peso que han de soportar estructuras y cimentaciones, derivando por tanto en su inferior dimensionamiento en proyecto y ahorro económico. (15) is an existing wall, prior to the execution of a new climatic wall. CHARACTERISTICS, IMPROVEMENTS AND ADVANTAGES PRESENTED BY THE WALLS EXECUTED WITH THIS SYSTEM REGARDING THE TRADITIONAL: a) Lower own weight per square meter with respect to traditional walls, recidivising directly in the lower weight that structures and foundations have to support, thus deriving in their Lower project sizing and economic savings.
b) Gran resistencia mecánica. b) Great mechanical resistance.
c) Gran aislamiento térm ico-acústico, rotura de puentes térmicos y acústicos entre ambas caras del muro. c) Great thermal-acoustic insulation, thermal and acoustic bridge break between both sides of the wall.
d) Gran calidad generalizada en las partidas de fábricas de albañilería. d) High quality generalized in the items of masonry factories.
e) Presencia de un completo entramado de conductos verticales para preinstalaciones. e) Presence of a complete network of vertical ducts for pre-installations.
f) El entramado es utilizable como multiconductores para la uniforme distribución de la climatización en el interior de los inmuebles. f) The network is usable as multiconductors for the uniform distribution of the air conditioning inside the buildings.
g) Gran sencillez, perfección y rapidez de ejecución, ligereza de las piezas, fácil manejo evitando sobre-esfuerzos del trabajador, ergonomía en el trabajo, incluso podría ser levantado por una persona no cualificada obteniendo excelentes resultados. g) Great simplicity, perfection and speed of execution, lightness of the pieces, easy handling avoiding over-efforts of the worker, ergonomics at work, could even be lifted by an unqualified person obtaining excellent results.
h) Ahorro en los tiempos de ejecución y reducción de costes de mano de obra cualificada. h) Savings in execution times and cost reduction of skilled labor.
i) El muro se puede levantar en seco no siendo preciso el empleo de la argamasa de unión entre las piezas hasta el final de la ejecución de la unidad de obra. j) Para la unión entre piezas y junteo de las mismas se emplea una mínima cantidad de mortero o adhesivo adecuado, sin desperdicio, para mayor rendimiento de esta última fase de acabado. Se puede inyectar mediante un dispositivo automático o manual. i) The wall can be lifted dry without the use of the mortar between the pieces being necessary until the end of the execution of the work unit. j) A minimum amount of mortar or suitable adhesive, without waste, is used for the union between pieces and their assembly for greater performance of this last finishing phase. It can be injected by an automatic or manual device.
Otras importantes optimizaciones desde el punto de vista ecológico, consisten en:  Other important optimizations from the ecological point of view, consist of:
k) Unidad de obra con una alta eficiencia energética, derivando en consecuencia en gran ahorro energético preciso para mantener climatizado el interior del inmueble construido con este tipo de muro. k) Work unit with high energy efficiency, resulting in consequence in great energy saving to keep the interior of the building built with this type of wall air-conditioned.
I) Ausencia de generación de escombros durante la ejecución del muro climático siempre que se sigan las instrucciones básicas previstas para el empleo de este sistema, derivando por tanto en una inferior gestión de residuos sólidos.  I) Absence of generation of debris during the execution of the climatic wall provided that the basic instructions provided for the use of this system are followed, thus resulting in a lower management of solid waste.
m) Para la fabricación de los bloques, se pueden emplear como áridos para confeccionar las capas pétreas, cualquier material inerte, libre de componentes perjudiciales o incompatibles para la confección de hormigones, triturado convenientemente para conseguir una adecuada curva granulométrica. Pueden ser por tanto materiales desechables procedentes de reciclaje, como por ejemplo vidrio, plásticos, fibras, etc. m) For the manufacture of the blocks, any inert material, free of harmful or incompatible components for the preparation of concrete, can be used as aggregates to make the stone layers, conveniently crushed to achieve an adequate granulometric curve. They can therefore be disposable materials from recycling, such as glass, plastics, fibers, etc.
Otro aspecto importante en el que revertería un considerable ahorro económico, derivaría de la reducción en el espesor de los cerramientos ejecutados con este sistema, consiguiendo por tanto un incremento de las superficies útiles en el interior de los inmuebles, ya que con las propiedades aislantes de este nuevo cerramiento conseguiríamos las mismas prestaciones que ofrece un cerramiento convencional con un menor espesor. Se conseguiría por tanto un:  Another important aspect in which it would revert a considerable economic saving, would derive from the reduction in the thickness of the enclosures executed with this system, thus achieving an increase of the useful surfaces inside the buildings, since with the insulating properties of This new enclosure would achieve the same benefits offered by a conventional enclosure with a smaller thickness. Therefore, a:
n) Mayor aprovechamiento superficial respecto a la superficie construida. n) Greater surface use compared to the built surface.
MODO DE FABRICACIÓN DE BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS
Un posible modo de ejecución o fabricación de las piezas de bloque multicapa, consistiría en el siguiente proceso: A possible mode of execution or manufacturing of multilayer block pieces would consist of the following process:
Preparación del núcleo interior de material aislante, obtenido por inyección, moldeo o corte. Fijación mediante adhesivo de las láminas acústicas.  Preparation of the inner core of insulating material, obtained by injection, molding or cutting. Adhesive fixing of acoustic sheets.
Ubicación del núcleo en el interior de moldes que conforman las dimensiones exteriores de los bloques. Location of the core inside molds that make up the outer dimensions of the blocks.
Aplicación de desencofrante en el interior del molde.  Application of release agent inside the mold.
Elaboración de los hormigones con las dosificaciones adecuadas.  Preparation of concrete with appropriate dosages.
Vertido del hormigón en los moldes que sirven de negativo para conformar las geometrías exteriores de los bloques multicapa. Fraguado del hormigón. Pouring concrete into the molds that serve as a negative to shape the exterior geometries of the multilayer blocks. Concrete setting.
Desmoldado de las piezas de bloques. Demolished of the pieces of blocks.
Endurecido y Curado de los bloques. Hardened and Cured of the blocks.
Con éste último proceso, las piezas quedan preparadas para su paletizado y traslado al punto de uso.  With this last process, the pieces are prepared for palletizing and transfer to the point of use.
OTRAS APLICACIONES OTHER APPS
Una aplicación importante prevista en los "muros climáticos" realizados con este sistema, consiste en el aprovechamiento del entramado de los conductos verticales que se generan en estas paredes para ser utilizados como multiconductores del aire que previamente genere una fuente de climatización. Para ello deberán conectarse los conductos principales de distribución de la climatización con los conductos verticales existentes en los muros climáticos. La multi-red resultante, permitirá impulsar y distribuir más uniformemente el aire climatizado por la parte superior o inferior de las estancias según se trate de aire frío o caliente respectivamente. Para conmutar la salida del aire por arriba o por debajo de las paredes, se dispondrán simples válvulas térmicas o similares, accionadas automáticamente en función de la temperatura exterior o bien de forma sincronizada con la máquina climatizadora. Mediante este conexionado, el rendimiento de la climatización será mucho más eficiente que con los métodos habituales en los que, tanto el aire climatizado frío como el caliente siempre se impulsan desde arriba, quedando el aire caliente estratificado en las partes altas de las estancias.  An important application envisaged in the "climatic walls" made with this system, is the use of the network of vertical ducts that are generated in these walls to be used as air multiconductors that previously generate a source of air conditioning. For this, the main air conditioning distribution ducts must be connected with the existing vertical ducts in the climatic walls. The resulting multi-network will allow the air-conditioned air to be promoted and distributed more evenly by the upper or lower part of the rooms, depending on whether it is cold or hot air, respectively. To switch the air outlet above or below the walls, simple thermal valves or the like will be arranged, automatically operated according to the outside temperature or synchronized with the air conditioner. Through this connection, the air conditioning performance will be much more efficient than with the usual methods in which both cold and hot air conditioning are always driven from above, leaving the stratified hot air in the upper parts of the rooms.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES solicitud Patente Internacional PCT CLAIMS International Patent Application PCT
Fecha de prioridad: 26-dic-2011, en base a Solicitud de Patente Nacional P201200010 presentada en España el 26-dic-2011. Priority date: Dec 26, 2011, based on National Patent Application P201200010 filed in Spain on Dec 26, 2011.
1a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, caracterizado por estar compuesto por bloques multicapa prefabricados y material adhesivo entre sus piezas, y, opcionalmente conectores guías y chapas de enlace. 1 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, characterized by being composed of prefabricated multilayer blocks and adhesive material between its parts, and, optionally, guide connectors and link plates.
2a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque los bloques multicapa prefabricados tienen forma principalmente paralepípeda y preferiblemente estarán compuestos por: núcleo central de material aislante con perforaciones pasantes en sentido vertical, láminas acústicas y capas exteriores de material preferentemente pétreo. 2 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the prefabricated multilayer blocks have a mainly parallel-shaped shape and preferably will be composed of: central core of insulating material with vertical perforations, acoustic sheets and layers outer material preferably stone.
3a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las capas exteriores de material pétreo, pueden ser de hormigón o cualquier otro tipo de aglomerante, hidráulico o aéreo, que una vez endurecido, alcance la resistencia requerida. 3 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that the outer layers of stone material, can be made of concrete or any other type of binder, hydraulic or aerial, which once hardened, reaches the resistance required
4a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque los capas exteriores de material pétreo de los bloques multicapa, no tiene ningún punto de conexión entre sí para conseguir rotura de puente térmico y acústico en el bloque y en los muros ejecutados con este sistema. 4 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that the outer layers of stone material of the multilayer blocks do not have any connection point to each other to achieve thermal and acoustic bridge break in the block and on the walls executed with this system.
5a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las perforaciones pasantes que presentan los bloques multicapa, quedan alineadas en el muro acabado, verticalmente de suelo a techo. 6a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque para conseguir el perfecto trabado y alineación de las perforaciones pasantes incluidas en los bloques, se insertan entre ellos unas piezas que denominamos conectores guías, de longitud variable que se adapten a las perforaciones. 5 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that the through perforations presenting the multilayer blocks, are aligned in the finished wall, vertically from floor to ceiling. 6 a CLIMATIC WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that in order to achieve the perfect locking and alignment of the through holes included in the blocks, parts that we call guide connectors, of variable length, are inserted between them that adapt to the perforations.
7a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la cara vista de las piezas de bloque multicapa puede ser acabada con el color y la textura deseada en función de la composición coloreada del material pétreo y del molde empleado, pudiéndose obtener aspectos pétreos de sillería o cantería, abujardados, pulidos, rugosos o cualquier elemento que presente la apariencia requerida. 7 a CLIMATIC WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that the exposed face of the multilayer block pieces can be finished with the desired color and texture depending on the colored composition of the stone material and the mold used, being able to obtain stone aspects of masonry or stonework, bush hammered, polished, rough or any element that presents the required appearance.
8a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el núcleo de los bloques formado por materiales de aislamiento, será suficientemente rígido para soportar el peso de los bloques que se coloquen superpuestos sobre filas inferiores sin deformarse. 8 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that the core of the blocks formed by insulation materials, will be sufficiently rigid to support the weight of the blocks that are superimposed on lower rows without deformation .
9a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las capas interiores que conforman el núcleo de aislamiento de cada bloque, estarán sobreelevadas respecto de las capas exteriores una medida igual al espesor de la llaga horizontal de unión entre las filas de bloques que conforman el muro. 9 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that the inner layers that make up the insulation core of each block, will be raised with respect to the outer layers a measure equal to the thickness of the horizontal sore of union between the rows of blocks that make up the wall.
10a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el montaje del muro puede ser ejecutado hasta alcanzar la altura proyectada sin la aplicación de argamasa de unión entre piezas. 10 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that the wall assembly can be executed until reaching the projected height without the application of joint mortar between pieces.
11a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la aplicación de! material de unión entre piezas puede efectuarse posteriormente al montaje completo de! muro ejecutado previamente en seco. 11 MURO CLIMATE, ENERGY EFFICIENT, FORMED BY ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that the application of! joining material between parts can be made after the complete assembly of! wall previously run dry.
12a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque te resistencia a compresión de! cerramiento prevista en proyecto será alcanzada una vez fraguado y/o endurecido el material de unión entre ias piezas que componen el muro. 12 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, according to previous claims, characterized in that it compresses you! The enclosure planned in the project will be achieved once the bonding material between the pieces that make up the wall has been set and / or hardened.
13a MURO CLIMÁTICO, EFICIENTE ENERGÉTICO, COMPUESTO POR BLOQUES MULTICAPA ENSAMBLABLES, tal como se describe en esta solicitud de PC? compuesta por: descripción de nueve páginas, trece reivindicaciones relacionadas en tres páginas, un resumen de 133 palabras y once figuras grafiadas en cuatro páginas de dibujos. 13 a CLIMATE WALL, ENERGY EFFICIENT, COMPOSED OF ASSEMBLY MULTI-BLOCK BLOCKS, as described in this PC application? composed of: description of nine pages, thirteen related claims on three pages, a summary of 133 words and eleven figures grapitated on four pages of drawings.
PCT/ES2012/070878 2011-12-26 2012-12-18 Energy-efficient climate wall formed by multilayer blocks that can be assembled together WO2013098448A1 (en)

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ES201200010A ES2415982B1 (en) 2011-12-26 2011-12-26 LIGHT CLOSURE ASSEMBLY, HIGH THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION, CONDUCTED WITH CONCRETE BLOCKS WITH RECYCLED CRUSHED GLASS AIDES.

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