ES2751410T3 - Half-timbered building with special blocks - Google Patents
Half-timbered building with special blocks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2751410T3 ES2751410T3 ES15150383T ES15150383T ES2751410T3 ES 2751410 T3 ES2751410 T3 ES 2751410T3 ES 15150383 T ES15150383 T ES 15150383T ES 15150383 T ES15150383 T ES 15150383T ES 2751410 T3 ES2751410 T3 ES 2751410T3
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- Prior art keywords
- recesses
- blocks
- building
- struts
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
- E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/10—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
- E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
Edificio de entramado, que comprende 1.1 un cimiento; 1.2 las paredes del edificio de entramado están formadas por bloques (1) que contienen material aislante o se componen de un material de este tipo; las paredes construidas a partir de los bloques están exentas de mortero u otra argamasa; 1.3 puntales (3) de madera a la altura de pared que soportan el techo del edificio de entramado; 1.4 los bloques (1) son rectangulares y se componen de paja o de turba o de plástico o de material compuesto o de madera; 1.5 al menos algunos de los bloques (1) presentan en ambos lados de pared rebajes (2) verticales; 1.6 los rebajes (2) tienen bordes abiertos; 1.7 los rebajes (2) de bloques (1) dispuestos unos sobre otros están alineados entre sí; 1.8 los puntales (3) están insertados en los rebajes (2); 1.9 los rebajes (2) del bloque individual (1) enfrentados unos a otros están desfasados entre sí de tal modo que el bloque (1) en vista en planta forma una S; 1.10 los rebajes (2) - vistos en un plano horizontal - están desfasados entre sí en perpendicular a la pared.Half-timbered building, comprising 1.1 a foundation; 1.2 the half-timbered building walls are made up of blocks (1) that contain insulating material or are made of such a material; the walls built from the blocks are free of mortar or other mortar; 1.3 wooden struts (3) at wall height that support the roof of the half-timbered building; 1.4 the blocks (1) are rectangular and consist of straw or peat or plastic or composite material or wood; 1.5 at least some of the blocks (1) have vertical recesses (2) on both sides of the wall; 1.6 the recesses (2) have open edges; 1.7 the recesses (2) of blocks (1) arranged one above the other are aligned with each other; 1.8 the struts (3) are inserted in the recesses (2); 1.9 the recesses (2) of the individual block (1) facing each other are offset from each other in such a way that the block (1) in plan view forms an S; 1.10 the recesses (2) - seen in a horizontal plane - are out of phase with each other perpendicular to the wall.
Description
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
Edificio de entramado con bloques especialesHalf-timbered building with special blocks
La invención se refiere al campo de la construcción de casas en el tipo de construcción de entramado. Este tipo de construcción se conoce desde hace siglos. En este sentido se erige una pared colocando puntales sobre un cimiento y llenando los espacios intermedios (compartimientos) entre dos puntales adyacentes entre sí. Los puntales se componen en general de madera. Los compartimientos pueden llenarse con cualquier tipo de material, por ejemplo con ladrillos o arcilla o plástico.The invention relates to the field of house construction in the frame construction type. This type of construction has been known for centuries. In this sense, a wall is erected by placing props on a foundation and filling the intermediate spaces (compartments) between two adjacent props. The props are generally made of wood. The compartments can be filled with any type of material, for example with bricks or clay or plastic.
El tipo de construcción de entramado ha dado un buen resultado hasta entrada la Edad Moderna. Es de estructura sencilla.The type of half-timbered construction has been successful until well into the Modern Age. It is simple in structure.
El documento AT163275B muestra una construcción de entramado cuya pared se llena con piedras de superficie grande. Estas piedras poseen un rebaje en un lado en el que se introducen los listones de arriostrado.AT163275B shows a lattice construction whose wall is filled with large surface stones. These stones have a recess on one side into which the bracing slats are inserted.
El documento US3196582A1 muestra una mampostería que debe soportar explosiones y se compone de ladrillos de hormigón. Los ladrillos de hormigón presentan entalladuras en dos esquinas enfrentadas en las que están insertados los puntales. El canal entre las piedras se llena a este respecto con cemento.Document US3196582A1 shows a masonry that must withstand explosions and is made up of concrete bricks. The concrete bricks have notches in two opposite corners in which the props are inserted. In this respect, the channel between the stones is filled with cement.
La invención se basa en el objetivo de presentar un edificio de entramado que sea de una construcción extremadamente sencilla que pueda construirse rápidamente y sin conocimientos en la materia, cuyos componentes sean económicos, y que presente una demanda de energía reducida.The invention is based on the aim of presenting a patterned building that is extremely simple to build, that can be built quickly and without knowledge in the art, whose components are economical, and that presents a reduced energy demand.
Este objetivo se consigue mediante las características de la reivindicación 1.This objective is achieved by the features of claim 1.
La idea básica a este respecto consiste en las siguientes características:The basic idea in this regard consists of the following characteristics:
- al menos una de las paredes comprende puntales radiales con bloques situados entre los mismos.- at least one of the walls comprises radial struts with blocks located between them.
- Cada bloque contiene un material aislante o se compone de un material de este tipo.- Each block contains an insulating material or is made of such a material.
- Al menos algunos bloques presentan a ambos lados rebajes verticales que se extienden a través del bloque. - Los puntales están insertados en los rebajes.- At least some blocks have vertical recesses on both sides that extend through the block. - The struts are inserted into the recesses.
Los procesos mencionados pueden llevarse a cabo de una manera extremadamente sencilla por personas sin conocimientos. Inicialmente varias filas de bloques de disponen unas encima de otras y concretamente de tal modo que los rebajes verticales están alineados entre sí. Por consiguiente se encajan puntales en los rebajes. Las posiciones en las que se insertan los puntales no están obligatoriamente especificadas. Por este motivo el montaje de un muro es muy sencillo. Tampoco una persona inexperta puede hacer algo mal; únicamente tiene que insertar un puntal en cada rebaje vertical.The aforementioned processes can be carried out in an extremely simple way by people without knowledge. Initially, several rows of blocks are arranged on top of each other and specifically in such a way that the vertical recesses are aligned with each other. Therefore struts are fitted into the recesses. The positions in which the struts are inserted are not necessarily specified. For this reason, mounting a wall is very simple. Nor can an inexperienced person do something wrong; just insert a strut into each vertical recess.
En construcciones de entramado convencionales esto es diferente. En este caso inicialmente debe erigirse la estructura de madera. Solo después los espacios intermedios entre la estructura de madera se llenan con cualquier tipo de material, por ejemplo con bloques, piedras, etc.In conventional lattice constructions this is different. In this case the wooden structure should be erected initially. Only afterwards the intermediate spaces between the wooden structure are filled with any type of material, for example with blocks, stones, etc.
En la aplicación de la invención no es necesaria ninguna argamasa entre los bloques. Mediante la orientación con medidas exactas de los bloques estos se ensamblan de modo que están situados muy ceñidos los unos a los otros. Según la invención los rebajes están configurados en los bloques como rebajes abiertos en los bordes. Esto significa que los puntales pueden introducirse en los rebajes desde el lateral, es decir en dirección horizontal, y no tienen que integrarse desde arriba en el puntal correspondiente.In the application of the invention, no mortar is required between the blocks. By precisely orienting the blocks, they are assembled so that they are very close to each other. According to the invention the recesses are configured in the blocks as open recesses at the edges. This means that the struts can be inserted into the recesses from the side, that is, in the horizontal direction, and they do not have to be integrated from above into the corresponding strut.
El material de los bloques es un material aislante. En este caso se contempla un gran número de materiales - paja, plástico, harina de madera prensada, etc. El bloque puede estar creado de tal modo que no presente ningún tipo de propiedades de soporte sino solo una función termoaislante. Sin embargo puede presentar también perfectamente propiedades de soporte.The material of the blocks is an insulating material. In this case, a large number of materials are considered - straw, plastic, pressed wood flour, etc. The block can be created in such a way that it does not have any type of support properties but only a heat insulating function. However, it can also perfectly have supporting properties.
La invención puede aplicarse en cualquier tipo de edificios, por consiguiente edificios de viviendas, chalés para vacaciones, residencias multifamiliares, establos, casas con todo tipo de forma de tejado. La invención puede aplicarse en particular también para kits de construcción de juegos para niños, jóvenes o adultos.The invention can be applied in any type of buildings, therefore residential buildings, holiday villas, multi-family residences, stables, houses with all kinds of roof shapes. The invention can be applied in particular also to play building kits for children, youth or adults.
La invención se explica con más detalle mediante el dibujo. En él está representado en detalle lo siguiente:The invention is explained in more detail by drawing. The following is represented in detail in it:
la figura 1 muestra un bloque en vista en planta.Figure 1 shows a block in plan view.
La figura 2 muestra un bloque en una vista delantera.Figure 2 shows a block in a front view.
La figura 3 muestra un bloque en una vista desde atrás.Figure 3 shows a block in a rear view.
La figura 4 es una vista en planta de bloques que están ensamblados según un primer modelo. Figure 4 is a plan view of blocks that are assembled according to a first model.
La figura 5 es una vista en planta de bloques que están ensamblados según un segundo modelo.Figure 5 is a plan view of blocks that are assembled according to a second model.
La figura 6 es una vista lateral de una pared de bloques y puntales, visto desde el lado externo.Figure 6 is a side view of a wall of blocks and struts, seen from the external side.
La figura 7 muestra la pared vista desde el otro lado.Figure 7 shows the wall seen from the other side.
La figura 8 es una vista en planta de la pared según las figuras 6 y 7.Figure 8 is a plan view of the wall according to Figures 6 and 7.
La figura 9 muestra la pared según las figuras 6 y 7 con diagonal listones instalados.Figure 9 shows the wall according to Figures 6 and 7 with diagonal slats installed.
El bloque 1 mostrado en las figuras 1 a 3 está fabricado de un material resistente al calor. A este respecto se tienen en cuenta materiales naturales como paja, madera cortada a medida, virutas de madera prensadas, pero también materiales sintéticos como como poliespán u otros plásticos.Block 1 shown in Figures 1 to 3 is made of a heat resistant material. In this regard, natural materials such as straw, wood cut to size, pressed wood chips, but also synthetic materials such as polyester or other plastics are taken into account.
El bloque 1 puede crearse mediante cualquier tipo de fabricación, por ejemplo mediante moldeo, prensado, fundición.Block 1 can be created by any type of manufacturing, for example by molding, pressing, casting.
Cada bloque 1 presenta en el presente caso dos rebajes 2. Cada rebaje 2 es atravesado por el bloque 1 y por consiguiente une una con otras dos superficies del bloque enfrentadas entre sí. Por la figura 1 se distingue que el bloque 1 forma el contorno de una S. La figura 1 permite distinguir además que el bloque es el doble de largo que de ancho. Véase las dimensiones a y b.Each block 1 in the present case has two recesses 2. Each recess 2 is crossed by block 1 and therefore joins one with two other facing surfaces of the block. From figure 1 it is distinguished that block 1 forms the outline of an S. Figure 1 allows to further distinguish that the block is twice as long as it is wide. See dimensions a and b.
Las figuras 4 y 5 ilustran el uso de los bloques 1 en cada caso en una vista en planta. Ambas figuras se diferencian una de otra mediante una disposición diferente de los bloques 1.Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the use of blocks 1 in each case in a plan view. Both figures differ from each other by a different arrangement of blocks 1.
Las figuras 6 y 7 muestra una pared, construida a partir de una multitud de bloques 1 y un número de puntales 3. Los puntales 3 están insertados en los rebajes mencionados. Los rebajes 2 deben estar alineados por este motivo unos con otros.Figures 6 and 7 show a wall, built from a multitude of blocks 1 and a number of struts 3. The struts 3 are inserted in the mentioned recesses. The recesses 2 must therefore be aligned with one another.
Los puntales 3 se componen de madera. Los puntales 3 pueden estar insertados en los rebajes 2 de tal modo que están estrechamente rodeados de material de los bloques 1. Por consiguiente por consiguiente entre los bloques 1 y los puntales 3 existe una unión en arrastre de fuerza. En su lugar, también entre el puntal 3 individual y los bloques 1 puede existir un espacio de intersticio reducido.Struts 3 are made of wood. The struts 3 can be inserted into the recesses 2 in such a way that they are closely surrounded by the material of the blocks 1. Therefore, therefore, between the blocks 1 and the struts 3 there is a force-drag connection. In its place, also between the individual strut 3 and the blocks 1 there may be a reduced gap.
El puntal estará anclado en general en el cimiento no mostrado en este caso. Sin embargo, en este caso también es concebible que solo se sujete por los bloques 1.The prop will generally be anchored to the foundation not shown in this case. However, in this case it is also conceivable that it is only held by blocks 1.
Los extremos superiores de los puntales 3 forman machones 4 para vigas horizontales. Dado que los rebajes 2 en un bloque 1 están desfasados entre sí - véase la figura 1 -, también los machones 4 de los puntales 3 están desfasados entre sí. Si esto no fuera así, entonces el apoyo de las vigas horizontales mencionadas estaría sin determinar estáticamente.The upper ends of the struts 3 form studs 4 for horizontal beams. Since the recesses 2 in a block 1 are out of phase with each other - see figure 1 -, the pins 4 of the struts 3 are also out of phase with each other. If this were not so, then the support of the mentioned horizontal beams would be statically undetermined.
La figura 8 muestra la pared según las figuras 6 y 7 en una vista en planta. Se distingue de nuevo un número de bloques 1, así como puntales 3 insertados en los rebajes 2.Figure 8 shows the wall according to Figures 6 and 7 in a plan view. A number of blocks 1 is distinguished again, as well as struts 3 inserted in the recesses 2.
La figura 9 muestra de nuevo una pared según las figuras 6 y 7 de bloques 1. En la pared están fijados varios listones 5 que discurren en diagonal, por ejemplo mediante clavado en los puntales 3. Los listones intervienen con sus extremos inferiores en el cimiento no representado, y con sus extremos superiores en la construcción de tejado, por ejemplo en un techo no representado en este caso que descansa sobre los puntales 3.Figure 9 shows again a wall according to figures 6 and 7 of blocks 1. Various slats 5 are fixed to the wall running diagonally, for example by nailing the struts 3. The slats intervene with their lower ends in the foundation not shown, and with its upper ends in the roof construction, for example in a roof not shown in this case resting on the struts 3.
La invención conlleva numerosas ventajas:The invention has numerous advantages:
- El montaje es extremadamente sencillo y puede llevarse a cabo por personas inexpertas.- The assembly is extremely simple and can be carried out by inexperienced people.
- Los costes de construcción son por tanto extremadamente bajos.- Construction costs are therefore extremely low.
- Dado que los rebajes tienen bordes abiertos los puntales pueden introducirse en los rebajes de modo que las superficies externas de los puntales y las superficies externas de los bloques están al mismo nivel. Los puntales por lo tanto no sobresalen.- Since the recesses have open edges the struts can be inserted into the recesses so that the external surfaces of the struts and the external surfaces of the blocks are at the same level. The struts therefore do not protrude.
- En la pared las funciones "soporte" y "aislamiento" están separadas una de otra. Al seleccionar los bloques la concentración reside por tanto por completo en las propiedades aislantes.- On the wall, the "support" and "insulation" functions are separated from each other. When selecting the blocks, the concentration therefore lies entirely in the insulating properties.
- La configuración de acuerdo con la invención permite sin más prever superficies libres en la pared, por ejemplo para ventanas o puertas.- The configuration according to the invention without further provision allows free surfaces on the wall, for example for windows or doors.
- Una construcción de acuerdo con la invención es segura frente a terremotos debido al buen enclavamiento entre bloques y puntales.- A construction according to the invention is safe against earthquakes due to the good interlocking between blocks and struts.
- Especialmente entonces cuando los bloques se componen de material natural ligero, por ejemplo de paja prensada, turba prensada etc., el peso de una construcción de mampostería de acuerdo con la invención es reducido. Tales bloques pueden juntarse de forma muy sencilla mediante ensamblado, por consiguiente sin ningún tipo de argamasa como mortero. Por eso los cimientos también pueden ser sencillos y de capacidad de carga reducida. - Especially then when the blocks are composed of light natural material, for example pressed straw, pressed peat, etc., the weight of a masonry construction according to the invention is reduced. Such blocks can be joined very easily by assembly, therefore without any mortar as mortar. So foundations can also be simple and have a low load capacity.
Lista de números de referencia List of reference numbers
1 bloque1 block
rebajerebate
puntalstrut
machónmacho
listón ribbon
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014200044.0A DE102014200044A1 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2014-01-07 | building |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2751410T3 true ES2751410T3 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
Family
ID=52345048
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES15150383T Active ES2751410T3 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2015-01-07 | Half-timbered building with special blocks |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2891753B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102014200044A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2751410T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2891753T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021001225A1 (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2022-09-15 | Sonnleitner Holzbauwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Multi-layer wall element |
| CN113931344B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-01-06 | 上海炽盛装饰工程有限公司 | Square brick and building method thereof |
| DE102022200474A1 (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2023-07-20 | André Bonamour du Tartre | Half-timbered house in timber frame construction |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US872364A (en) * | 1906-09-24 | 1907-12-03 | James Stanwood Pierce | Cement block. |
| AT163275B (en) * | 1946-04-23 | 1949-06-10 | Alexander Wuensch | Load-bearing wall made of large-area stones joined together within a frame and arranged offset |
| US3112578A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1963-12-03 | Morton M Rosenfeld | Wall structure |
| US3196582A (en) * | 1962-01-17 | 1965-07-27 | Morton M Rosenfeld | Wall and block therefor |
| US3230679A (en) * | 1962-03-23 | 1966-01-25 | Morton M Rosenfeld | Wall structure having prefab joist sections |
| DE19611477A1 (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 1997-09-25 | Markus Lutz | Process to form concrete and pillar system |
| DE29804074U1 (en) * | 1998-03-07 | 1998-06-04 | Großmann, Klaus, 12047 Berlin | Compound system for erecting dry masonry |
| DE19859438C2 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2001-07-12 | Josef Schmidt Gmbh & Co Tonwer | Brick, wall panel and basement wall |
| DE202011110256U1 (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2013-04-02 | Björn Winkler | Building block, in particular for the construction of buildings |
| DE102011009113A1 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-26 | Zoltán Boldizsár | Wall brick has vertical and horizontal through holes that are formed in legs such that horizontal through hole is arranged between side surfaces of brick and vertical through hole is arranged between deck and bottom surface |
-
2014
- 2014-01-07 DE DE102014200044.0A patent/DE102014200044A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-01-07 EP EP15150383.6A patent/EP2891753B1/en active Active
- 2015-01-07 ES ES15150383T patent/ES2751410T3/en active Active
- 2015-01-07 PL PL15150383T patent/PL2891753T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2891753A1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
| DE102014200044A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
| EP2891753B1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
| PL2891753T3 (en) | 2020-02-28 |
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