ES2551884T3 - Formwork block system, structure built with it and method for building a structure - Google Patents

Abstract

System of formwork blocks (2), which can be stacked in a masonry, in which the respective formwork block (2) is made in the integral structure made of concrete, light concrete, slate, pumice, lava or expanded clay and two side walls (4), which are connected to each other by a plurality of traverses (6), as well as from the side walls (4) and the limited traverses (6), of the cavities that can be filled with a filling compound, said cavities being arranged and sized in such a way that in the erected masonry continuous vertical wells (36) and through horizontal wells (34) are formed for the incorporation of pipes and similar objects of water, sanitary, of heating and / or electrical installation, characterized in that the free width of each horizontal well (34) is at least 10 cm and its free height is at least 20 cm, and that the respective traverse (6) has a section from head (22) projecting in front of the upper edges of the side walls (4) with peripheral centering slopes (24) by an automatic centering of the formwork blocks (2) of the next upper row of the blocks in the Masonry establishment.

Description

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Formwork block system, structure built with it and method for the construction of a structure.

The invention relates to a system of formwork blocks that can be stacked in a masonry, in which the respective formwork block is made in integral structure made of concrete, light concrete, pumice stone, lava or expanded clay and two side walls of concrete that are interconnected by a series of traverses, and as well as from the side walls and the limited traverses, of the cavities that can be filled with a filling compound. The invention also relates to a product manufactured by the use of such formwork blocks and a method for erecting a building.

Traditional single-family houses and similar buildings of concrete structures are used in the construction of mampostena, generally separated stones, for example bricks, hollow blocks, clinker or natural stones, are layered to form a wall and joined by mortar. This construction is generally associated with a large amount of work in the work. After the construction of mampostena the installation of water, fontanena, heating and / or electricity is normally carried out. For this, they are usually introduced with appropriate tools slits in the masonry and the corresponding electrical lines and lines in these slots. Subsequently, the remaining openings are filled with mortar or similar and plastered. These steps involve high manual effort.

US 4,075,808 A discloses a system of formwork components according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the current state of the art, so-called prefabricated houses are also known, which, however, suffer from the problem of logistics, when they are mainly used on a large scale with heavy precast concrete components. The type of alternative construction found in wood has a low acceptance among interested people.

It is also known that the construction of walls with the help of formwork blocks, also known as enclosure or lost formwork blocks or concrete forms (in English, hollow block or shuttering block) refers to constructions that are placed dry without mortar and its cavities or air chambers after the construction of concrete masonry or filled with a mixture of cement or other material that hardens. This avoids the costly execution and subsequent removal of formwork that is normally required for concreting (permanent formwork principle). Usually, these types of blocks are made with concrete formwork or light concrete.

An example can be found in the German utility model DE 83 12 758 U1. The formwork block described here has two side walls that are interconnected by a multitude of traverses. The crossbars are in the upper part of partial trimming in order to support the distribution of the filler material when launching in the mampostena. The requirements of water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation have not been fully addressed. In addition, although the latter have to intervene abutment surfaces in the projecting pin parts, so that the individual stones in flight are easily adjustable and the displacement during filling is prevented, however, the self-alignment during the union of the stones is not fully developed.

There are also variants of foam formwork blocks, such as polystyrene. Due to their low weight such stones can be easy to handle, although establishing the masonry is subject to static restrictions. Again, installation requirements and self alignment are generally taken into account only on a small scale.

Accordingly, the present invention aims to propose a system of formwork blocks that are easily positioned and precisely, which facilitates the installation of water, fontanena, heating and / or electricity compared to conventional installation methods. In addition, a particularly convenient method of erecting a structure of use of such formwork components should be given.

The device having this object is achieved by means of the features of claim 1.

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Consequently, it is anticipated that the cavities are arranged and sized to be formed through vertical wells and continuous horizontal wells for the incorporation of pipes and similar objects of water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation in constructed masonry, the Free width of the respective horizontal well is at least 10 cm and its free height of at least 20 cm.

The terms "horizontal, vertical, up, down, etc." They refer here and then to the planned installation position of the formwork elements in the masonry. The term "continuous" means that the respective horizontal channel can be extended without interruption during several masonry building blocks juxtaposed in a row, in particular over the entire width of the wall, and is preferably carried out linearly without significant gradations. or the like, so that in a straight line, a rigid pipe can be inserted or introduced. In particular, the ends of the formwork blocks have the ability to have at least in the cross-sectional area of the open pit. The same applies to vertical wells.

The invention is based on the consideration that constantly to further develop the masonry assembly with the formwork block in accordance with DE 83 12 758 U1 with rudimentary horizontal wells and vertical wells by arrangement and appropriate dimensions, not only is promoted the future distribution of the mass of filling between the existing individual stones but it becomes possible a true use of these wells for the opening of the pipes and similar objects that build services. The system of the invention, plumbing, heating and electrical installation can be carried out in the formwork block in the cube itself, without the hassle of subsequent grooves in the walls. The laying of the corresponding electrical cables and pipelines occurs rather during construction and before the filling of the masonry. The installation and the armor were practically completed in parallel, so the planning and construction should be adapted accordingly.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one, preferably exactly one of these horizontal wells, is formed in each masonry row. The traverses located between the side walls of each formwork block are suitable for cutting conveniently or at a correspondingly low level, for example, only half of the side walls.

In addition, at least one of the vertical wells is advantageously formed in each column and in each vertical stratification of the masonry. In particular, the cavity between two crossings of a formwork block may be part of a vertical well. Alternatively or additionally, a vertical well and the hollow space between the traverses can be part of the successive horizontal formwork blocks. If necessary, the formwork blocks for placement in brick masonry, for example in rope or in tizon, there are conveniently two basic types of formwork block whose traverses are staggered to form continuous vertical wells with proper placement of the building blocks. formwork Normally, however, the system does not require the displacement of the blocks, which are simply stacked and the albanilerfa formed by chessboard or matrix through masonry building blocks obtains its stability later by filling.

It is very advantageous if the cavities are located and sized in such a way that the placement of horizontal pipes in the wells with a diameter of up to 5 cm, preferably up to 10 cm, a length of up to 5 m, preferably up to 20 m, it is established on a slope of at least 1%, that is to say at least 1 cm in height difference from its 100 cm of horizontal extension. This is important especially for sewers, to ensure proper technical function in accordance with the relevant technical regulations and sanitary standards.

The free height of the respective horizontal well is at least 20 cm. The free width of each horizontal well, which is the same as the free width of each vertical well normally determined by the separation of the side walls of the formwork block, is preferably at least 5 cm or preferably at least 10 cm.

For normal applications, it is advantageous that the respective formwork block has exactly two traverses, to restrict a horizontal well cavity upwards. Down the cavity of each formwork block is conveniently opened, and is not limited by any base plate or the like. The limitation of the horizontal well corresponding to the low is raised only in the albanilerfa, through the transverse networks of

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the line that underlies the formwork block. Upwards, no forging plate or similar is also conveniently provided.

It is also advantageous if the respective formwork block is provided with alignment elements for a self-alignment and self-centering on the construction of the albanilerfa, preferably both in the vertical and horizontal directions.

For this purpose, the respective traverse of a formwork block advantageously has a head portion to the upper edges of the protruding side walls, which is provided with peripheral centering tracks. Along these centering slopes, the lower edges of the side walls of the next upper row of sliding blocks in the masonry slide slide down by setting the formwork blocks down to the resting position, which is an automatic centering on the exhaust of the wall.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the side walls of the formwork block at the top and bottom respectively have horizontally flat contact surfaces with the thickness of the wall side, in particular if the support surfaces are oriented horizontally. A greater static resistance of the masonry is achieved in comparison with staggered and / or conical support surfaces.

In an advantageous embodiment, the side walls of each formwork block on the front sides have vertical support edges, which are provided with connecting elements according to the groove and tongue principle, in particular in the form of a box-and-pin assembly . This type is understood as an embodiment of a tongue and groove connection that each has a groove and a tongue per connection partner, in which preferably the tongue is a medium as thick as the side wall to which it is formed, or its continuation.

In an advantageous development of this type of connection it has a subset of vertically oriented tabs, directed towards the inside of the formwork block bands and a different subset of tabs in complementary recesses. It is particularly preferred in this case if the respective rib has a particular cross-sectional profile, with circular segments, of rounded cross-section, especially semicircular. Thus, a second groove and tongue joint is effectively applied within the first groove and tongue connection, which is designed by an advantageous rounding of the spring and tongue elements and the complementary grooves and grooves to facilitate connection, auto formwork block centering within a row of masonry.

In an advantageous variant of the block system, at least one of the formwork blocks is configured as a revision module, which in one of the side walls with access to the cavities inside, especially at the intersections of vertical and horizontal wells It allows a lock with an opening. Such revision modules allow, for example, the subsequent connection or adjustment of the downpipe after construction, but before the spill of the wall cavities with the sewage pipe in the horizontal well, or electrical cables together to join, or carry out an external wall connector.

In a conceivable embodiment, the cover is designed as a folded element and preferably connected through at least one hinge with the associated side wall. Preferably, the cover member is, however, inserted without tightening in the engagement hole, which advantageously with peripheral chamfers make complementary slopes of the coupling opening boundary in the closed state. Until filling the wall of the roof cavities, it can be fixed, for example, by means of a stick / square combination from the outside.

Conveniently, the respective formwork block is presented in one piece and is preferably composed of concrete, light concrete, argelite, pumice stone, lava or expanded clay. Especially preferred is lightweight concrete, for example, while special concrete or cement mixtures are used with good thermal insulation properties for cavity filling. Especially in the case of multi-storey buildings, the corresponding static requirements must be considered through the integration of reinforcements, regarding reinforcement bars and / or fibers. Such reinforcing or fiber elements can be inserted into vertical and / or horizontal wells and then encapsulated with the particular hardenable filler material. With a suitable design of the formwork blocks with finished surface, it is also possible to replace the normally existing interior repellent with a filling of the walls, in order to achieve additional time and cost advantages.

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In addition, it is especially advantageous that, in addition to the basic type formwork components there are at least one of the following groups: the foundation block, the forged connection block, angle connection block, T-connection and double-T block In particular, the angled blocks and the T-connection blocks are provided with suitable lateral openings to allow the application of the pipes and lines in the end walls. This is a system of formwork components, provided that the form of the floor slab connectors ensure the integration of all construction services in the body of the wall of the first stone and taking into account the related installation requirements from zero.

The exterior dimensions and wall thicknesses of the formwork elements may vary the requirements and the specific planning context accordingly, but the framework mentioned above for the dimensioning of the interior cavities is properly observed. Preferably, the weight of a single block is in the range between 20 and 35 Kg in order to support, on the one hand, a sufficient stabilization of the masonry by its own weight, but to be able to be adjusted relatively easily by a single worker without mechanical aids on the other side.

The aforementioned, in relation to the method of this object is achieved by a method of erecting a structure using a formwork block system of the type described above, in which during stacking of the formwork elements to one masonry objects of a water, sanitation and electrical installation without making grooves in the wall and connects in those that form the vertical wells and horizontal wells, which are then filled in the gaps left in the masonry with a filler material, especially concrete. It is used with others to connect the stones during the construction of the masonry advantageously without binder or mortar, but the stones are only placed one on top of the other taking advantage of their self-centering and adjusted properties.

The advantages achieved with the invention consist especially in that through the complete integration of the construction, water, sanitation, heating and / or electrical wiring services, in a module assembly system with respect to its properly configured cavities and blocks Sized formwork results in a significant acceleration of construction progress, along with cost-related advantages while essentially maintaining the proven masonry construction.

Various embodiments of the invention are explained in detail with reference to the drawings. Each of the numbers corresponds to a simplified and schematic illustration:

FIG. 1 a basic type of formwork block of the invention (system block) in a perspective view obliquely from above,

FIG. 2 shows a plurality of possible connection profiles for the front vertical connections between the formwork blocks

FIG. 3 shows a preferred form of the front vertical connection between two formwork components as detailed in a perspective view,

FIG. 4 a part of a wall formed of four formwork blocks shown in FIG. one,

FIG. 5 shows a variety of possible connection profiles for horizontal connections between the formwork blocks,

FIG. 6 from top to bottom a formwork block of dimension 50x50x30 cm, a block of dimension 25x50x30 cm, a block of dimension 25x25x30 cm, a block of dimension 50x50x30 cm for T-connection of the walls,

FIG. 7 from top to bottom a system of wall connections with cut-out for the installation, a stone with the access panel for work in the installation, a stone system with T-connection, an angle block,

FIG. 8 from top to bottom a block of the system for connection of floor slabs with cavities for the filling afterwards with concrete, a stone combined with the cut-outs for the installation, a cover for the top of the system components (for example by tables, parapets)

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FIG. 9 from top to bottom of a forged connection stone with the cuts for subsequent filling with concrete and for the deposit of finished floors or forged elements, an additional forged connection stone with cuttings, an angled block for internal connection of forged, a forged connector block for internal connection,

FIG. 10, from top to bottom a block with support for base plate or members of the foundation and with holes for filling with concrete, a broad base module, a basic angular element for the directional mounting of the wall elements, another basic element,

FIG. 11 a revision block with removable access panel,

FIG. 12 different T-connection blocks,

FIG. 13 a section of several partially assembled walls with different wall thicknesses with the construction of integrated sanitary and electrical installations,

FIG. 14 is a plan view of an exterior wall with the T-shaped connection blocks for an interior wall,

FIG. 15 a view of a basement foundation with foundation blocks, foundation slab and masonry attached,

FIG. 16 is a wall with a window recess, blind housing element and revision block and

FIG. 17 a section of a wall, which is equipped with an insulation in the form of deposited on the side walls of the blocks.

Identically or functionally identical parts are provided in the figures with the same reference numbers.

FIG. 1 shows in a perspective view the formwork block 2 that is produced as a molded stone in an integral lightweight concrete construction. This has a total of a substantially parallelepiped contour and has two identical side walls arranged in parallel and each consists of a plate formed with rectangular side walls 4. The two side walls 4 are interconnected by plate-shaped laminar elements, and traverse side walls perpendicularly aligned 6 or braces or supports, which are three-way inward in the form of a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the front vertical edges 8 of the formwork block 2.

The front vertical edges 8 are designed for a tongue and groove connection with the construction of adjacent formwork blocks 2 in a series of albanilerfa and for this purpose they have corresponding grooves 10 and tongues 12, here the shape of a tongue and the groove corresponds , with the thickness of the tongue 12 of half the thickness of the side wall 4. While at the right end of the formwork block 2 of FIG. 1, the tongues 12 towards the outside, and the grooves are arranged 10 inside, so that the tongues 12 form as an extension or continuation of the outer surfaces of the side walls 4, this is vice versa on the left end, of so that the tongues 12, have an extension or continuation of the inner surface of the side walls 4. Advantageously, the two outer tongues 12 are arranged at the right end in their interior in each case with a substantially cylindrical substantially oriented and provided rib 14 that is stretched vertically throughout the height of the tongue 12; the two inner tongues 12 arranged at the left end, however, have a complementary recess 16 on their outer side.

Alternatively, the ribs 14 and associated recesses 16 can be profiled in a rectangle, preferably with rounded corners. Alternatively, in FIG. 2 is shown in the cross section with protrusions and recesses provided groove and tongue profiles for vertical connections in the form of a sharp hook.

The interaction of the two preferred connection participants in relation to the union of two front contiguous formwork blocks 2 is shown in FIG. 3 in detail. In addition, it is also shown in FIG. 4 that exemplary a section formed of four formwork blocks 2 in a 2x2 matrix like chess,

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It shows a wall without displacement of the individual rows. To make the connection to a formwork block 2, a series of masons will be initially established; then the next block in the row is lowered from above, such that the rib 14 slides on the associated recesses 16. When connected, it then has a closure caused by the grooves 10 and the tongues 12 on one side, and the ribs 14 and recesses 16 on the other side that secures the formwork blocks 2 against displacement or detachment in the horizontal direction, thus keeping aligned centered on the masonry. Next, the next formwork block 2 of the series is perched, etc.

The horizontal support edges 18 of the upper and lower surfaces of the side walls 4 of a formwork block 2 are preferably flat, that is to say carried out without stepping, to form horizontal support surfaces 20.

Alternatively, FIG. 5 shows in stepped cross-section and / or beveled profiles that are used for horizontal links.

To support the self-centering assembly of the formwork blocks 2, the crossbars 6 each have, at least partially, on the upper edges, in other words against the bearing surfaces 20 of the side walls 4 to protrude above the head section 22 which is provided with centering slopes 24, which expires on the bearing surfaces 20. The middle head section 22 of the respective crosspiece 6 is in a preferred embodiment, as in FIG. 1 or in FIG. 4 it can be seen, in the form of an arc, in particular circumference segment, as a result, only relatively narrow projections are extended, equipped with cradle-shaped projections 26 provided with centering slopes 24 above the joint horizontal edges 18 of the side walls 4.

The traverses 6 are each provided with a vertically aligned central hole 28, which can be used, for example, to guide or for fixing cables of a mounting bracket.

The traverses 6 do not extend over the entire height of the side walls 4 of each formwork block 2. Rather, the two side walls 4 have a significant overhang over the lower edge 30 of the traverses 6. This lower edge 30 is analogous. to the arched upper edge 32, particularly in circumference segment so that the crossbar 6 in side plan view has a total of a biconcave shape with rectilinear against the lateral edges 4 of the side walls. As a result in the formwork block 2 below the traverses 6, the cavities that are laterally delimited by the side walls 4 of the formwork elements 2 and the upper part of the lower edges 30 of the traverses 6 are formed. individual of an albanilerfa formed by the formwork block 2 by the juxtaposition of the individual cavities continuous horizontal cavities are formed, briefly horizontal wells 34 bounded superiorly by the lower edges 30 of the upper traverses 6 and the lower part of the upper edges 32 of the lower traverses 6.

The cross-sectional dimensions of the horizontal wells 34 are sized such that the pipes and other objects of water, plumbing or electrical installation have a diameter or a cross-sectional dimension of up to 5 cm, preferably up to 10 cm or more in it during the construction of the masonry can be established. Therefore, the width of the horizontal wells 34, that is, the distance between the side walls 4, is at least 10 cm. The amount of horizontal wells 34 conveniently considered including the additional requirement, sewage pipes leading to a great distance, for example, from 5 m to 20 m with a constant slope of approximately 1% to relocate, and therefore is of at least 12 cm, preferably at least 20 cm or more. For example, the distance b between the upper edge 32 of the lower transverse piece 6 and the lower edge 30 of the overlying traverse 6 in the center block row, which is at the vertices of the arched cutouts, is preferably around 25 cm to 30 cm.

The vertical wells 36 in albanilerfa formed between the traverses 6 are also designed in terms of their dimensions for taking objects of the types and dimensions mentioned above. For example, the distance c between two traverses 6 of a formwork block 2 is 20 cm to 25 cm. The distance d between a traverse 6 of a formwork block 2 and the next transverse element 6 of the following series of formwork blocks 2 is, for example, 15 cm to 20 cm approx.

It is understood that the dimensions mentioned above are illustrative and by way of example, and, if

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necessary, can be varied. In this sense, it is also necessary to understand the families of formwork blocks in the annex with different widths of mampostena (= wall thickness) and side wall thickness (= formwork thickness). In the tables reproduced theref, the term cavity refers to the availability of the cavity in the formwork block for the installations (height x width of the horizontal cavities, length x width of the vertical cavities). These cavities and the resulting horizontal wells and vertical wells together are made in juxtaposition and overlapping formwork blocks for mampostena.

As can be seen with a view of the tables there are also the basic type of formwork block with different wall thicknesses and the various formwork thicknesses for specific purposes. All stones have in common their structure and function as formwork blocks that can be filled with concrete or similar and have centering and connection elements of the type described above, as well as the continuous design of the requirements for water installation, sanitation, heating and / or electrical installation of connection, and thus the integration of cavities of suitable dimensions that combine to form continuous horizontal wells and vertical wells in the mampostena. In FIG. 6 to 10 show examples of various basic type blocks, and special function blocks along with coverage profile, fixing elements and connection elements. This includes not sampled in detail window lintels and between doors and windows. Especially in the smallest blocks they can be provided by a single traverse connecting the two side walls. They may be present for larger components, but also three or more cross members.

The system establishes that an entire floor or a complete floor of a building, for example, a single or multi-family house, can be created with all the installations, windows, doors and the like, before filling the formwork blocks with the material of planned filling, in particular concrete. The revision block 38 shown in FIG plays a special role. 11 in perspective, in which one of the two side walls 4 allows access to the cavities inside, especially at the intersections of the vertical and horizontal wells 34, 36 and which can be closed with a cover 40 or an opening 42. This Special module allows connection and inspection of objects for subsequent installation, in particular, of horizontal and vertical large pipes and tubes, even after the construction of the wall. In principle, each type of system block, also provided with special modules, is designed as a revision block.

In the illustrated example, it is arranged between the two traverses 6, which extend over the entire height of the side wall 4 which extend and in rectangular contour a cover 40 is pushed a little from the outside in the coupling cover 42 and, a continuation contacted by the inclination in the closed position. The cover 40 has on the side edge of the bezels 44, which fits into complementary bezels 46 at the contour edges of the opening 42 in a self-aligned manner. In the closed position, the flap 40 fits closely, then, inside the contour formed by the side wall 4. Therefore a hinge can be dispensed with. However, a temporary arrangement must be installed before filling the formwork block. It can be done outside the combination of the cane / buttonhole combination to the side wall, as shown in FIG. 11. The eyelet 48 is fixed to the floor 40, and the cane 50 or rod to fix the arrangement is simply put through so that it protrudes laterally beyond the cover 40 and adjacent side wall surfaces. Notwithstanding the example shown, the cover 40 could, of course, be above and / or below beaded by the side wall 4.

The connection between the masonry of different thicknesses, in particular between the exterior walls and perpendicular to the same interior wall of a building is carried out through special connection modules, which are structured similarly to the basic type, although They are equipped laterally with connectors and fasteners, also preferably in accordance with the groove and tongue principle. To carry out tubenas (branched) and ducts are provided through pass opening 51 or grooves in the required size in the corresponding segment of the side wall 4, in particular in the region between the two traverses 6, as shown in FIG. 12.

For illustration, in FIG. 13 a part of one of the different walls with partially different thickness is shown in semi-transparent view, each at right angles that extend the walls composed with a function of fontanena and electrical installation in the form of freshwater pipes 52, sewer pipes 54 and each of the wall draws water connections 56, drain pipe 58 and electrical wall box 60. Special link modules of the type described above are used for corner joints.

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Some of the blocks are found in the modules of the revision block 38, namely, in particular in the area of corner joints, as well as pipes and ducts, and the penetrations of opposite walls.

FIG. 14 shows a corresponding plan view of an exterior wall with the T-shaped connection blocks 62 for an interior wall. In the lower connection block 62 of a sewer pipe 54 it can be seen that it deviates from a run in the drain pipe of the outer wall (not visible here).

A detailed view of a basement foundation with foundation blocks 64, base plate 66 and the attached mampostena figure. 15. It is good to see that it is also a block at angle 68, resulting in an almost L-shaped angle of the basic type in the area between the two transverse 6.

FIG. 16 is a wall with a gap in the window 70, housing element by blind 72 and revision block 38.

In FIG. 17 Finally, a section of a wall is shown, which is equipped with an insulation in the form of insulation plates 74 which is applied to the side walls 4 of the formwork elements 2. In order to guarantee the principle of self-alignment with Simultaneous sealing, the bearing surfaces of the insulation plates 74 are preferably beveled in a mutually complementary manner.

Appendix

Examples of Type I system block families

Wall Thickness: Formwork Thickness: Length:

Height:

Weight:

Types:

Capacity / m2: Cavity:

300 mm 50 mm

500 mm, 250 mm 500 mm, 250 mm

block 500x500 mm approximately 25 to 35 kg Angle 500x500x500 mm 30 to 50 kg,

250 height approximately half block 500x500 mm, 500x250 mm,

500x500x500 mm corner,

Floor connection, Angular floor connection, Interior floor connections,

Angular foundation block, T-connector block, Connection block 300, 160, 120, revision block, base block, base angular block approx. 0.08 m3

Horizontal 235 (130 min) mm x 100 mm Vertical 200 mm x 100 mm

Type III

Wall Thickness: Formwork Thickness: Length:

Height:

Weight:

Types:

120 mm 30 mm

500 mm, 250 mm 500 mm, 250 mm

Block 500x500 mm approximately 11 to 19 kg Angle 500x500x500 mm 17 to 34 kg,

250 height approximately half Block 500x500 mm, 500x250 mm,

500x500x500 mm corner,

Forged interior connection,

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Capacity / m2: Cavity:

T connector block,

Connection block 300, 160, 120, revision block, base block, angular base block approx. 0.04 m3

Horizontal 235 (125 min) mm x 60 mm Vertical 200 mm x 60 mm

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2 formwork block 4 side wall 6 traverses 8 vertical edge 10 groove 12 tongue 14 rib 16 recess

18 horizontal edge

20 contact surface

22 head section

24 centering earrings

26 outgoing

28 hole

30 bottom edge

32 upper edge

34 horizontal well

36 vertical well

38 revision block

40 coverage

42 opening

44 bevel

46 bevel

48 eyelet

50 stick

51 pass opening

52 fresh water pipe

54 sewer pipe 56 water connection 58 drain pipe 60 electrical wall box

62 connection block

64 foundation block

66 motherboard

68 block at an angle

70 window gap

72 housing element per blind

74 insulation plate

a distance b distance c distance d distance

Claims (10)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty 1. System of formwork blocks (2), which can be stacked in a masonry, in which the respective formwork block (2) is made in the integral structure made of concrete, light concrete, slate, pumice stone, lava or clay expanded and two side walls (4), which are connected to each other by a plurality of traverses (6), as well as from the side walls (4) and the limited traverses (6), of the cavities that are they can be filled with a filling compound, said cavities being arranged and sized in such a way that in the erected masonry continuous vertical wells (36) and through horizontal wells (34) are formed for the incorporation of pipes and similar water objects, sanitary , of heating and / or electrical installation, characterized in such a way that the free width of each horizontal well (34) is at least 10 cm and its free height is at least 20 cm, and that the respective traverse (6) has a head section (22) that is projected in front of the upper edges of the side walls (4) with peripheral centering slopes (24) by an automatic centering of the formwork blocks (2) of the next upper row of the blocks in the establishment of the masonry . 2. System according to claim 1, wherein the respective formwork block (2) has two support cross-sections (6), which limit the formation of a horizontal well (34) disposed in the cavity in the upper part. 3. System according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the respective formwork block (2) is provided with alignment elements for the self alignment to erect the masonry, preferably both in the vertical and horizontal directions. 4. System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the side walls (4) of the respective formwork block (2) show in the upper and lower horizontal flanges (18) over the thickness across the entire wall lateral support surfaces flat, preferably horizontally aligned (20). 5. System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the side walls (4) of the respective formwork block (2) show on the fronts of the vertical edges (8) that they are provided with joining elements according to the Slot and tongue principle in particular in the box and pin assembly mode. System according to claim 5, comprising, in which a subset of vertically extending tabs (12), directed into the rib block (14) and another subset of tabs (12) have complementary recesses (16 ). 7. System according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the formwork blocks (2) is configured as a revision block (38) that can be closed through an opening cover (40) ( 42) in one of the side walls (4) that gives access to the cavities inside, in particular in the region of intersection of the vertical wells (36) and the horizontal wells (34). 8. System according to one of claims 1 to 7, in addition to one of the formwork blocks (2), which act as basic bricks, and the formwork blocks (2) at least one of the following groups exists: foundation block , forged connection block, angled connection block, T connection block and double T connection block. 9. Building, constructed using a formwork block system (2) according to one of claims 1 to 8. 10. A method of building a building by using a formwork block system (2) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein during the stacking of the formwork blocks (2) for a masonry, objects of the installation of water, sanitation and electricity in the vertical wells (36) and horizontal wells (34) are placed and connected without making grooves in the wall, after which the remaining holes in the masonry are filled with a filling material, in particular of concrete.