DE102012205034A1 - System of formwork components, building erected therewith, as well as methods of constructing a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system of shell components (2) which can be layered to form a masonry, wherein the respective shell component (2) has two side walls (4), which are connected to one another via a number of transverse webs (6), as well as from the side walls (FIG. 4) and of the transverse webs (6) has limited, pourable with a filling compound cavities. The object of the invention is to develop such a system of shell components (2) such that they can be easily and precisely set, and that a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation over conventional installation methods is simplified. For this purpose, the cavities according to the invention are arranged and dimensioned such that in the erected masonry continuous vertical shafts (36) and continuous horizontal shafts (34) for receiving pipelines and similar objects of a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation , wherein such objects with a cross-sectional dimension, in particular a diameter of up to 5 cm, preferably of up to 10 cm, are receivable.

Description

The invention relates to a system of Schalbausteinen that can be layered to form a masonry, wherein the respective Schalbaustein two side walls which are connected to each other via a number of transverse webs, as well as of the side walls and of the transverse webs limited, pourable with a filling compound cavities. The invention further relates to a building produced using such Schalbausteine structure and to a method for building a structure.

Traditionally, single and multi-family houses and similar structures of masonry solid construction are built, usually individual stones - such as bricks, hollow blocks, clinker or natural stones - layered or set to form a masonry and connected by masonry mortar. This construction is usually associated with a lot of work on the site. After the erection of the masonry usually the water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation is made. For this purpose, slots are inserted into the masonry usually with suitable tools and laid the corresponding pipe and electrical cables in these slots. Subsequently, the remaining openings are filled again with mortar or the like and filled. These steps are associated with high manual effort.

From the state of the art so-called prefabricated houses are also known, however, suffer from the problem of logistics, especially when large-format and heavy precast concrete components are used. The alternatively encountered timber frame construction has primarily a low acceptance among those willing to build.

Furthermore, it is known building walls with the help of so-called Schalbausteinen, also called Schalstein or formwork stone (English. Hollow block or shuttering block) to build, which are set dry without mortar, and their cavities or air chambers after the erection of the masonry Concrete or poured with a cement mixture or with another hardening filling material. This avoids the costly execution and subsequent removal of a formwork that is normally required for concreting (principle of lost formwork). Typically, such Schalklausteine are made of concrete or lightweight concrete.

An example can be found in the German Utility Model DE 83 12 758 U1 , The shell module disclosed there has two side walls, which are interconnected via a plurality of transverse webs. The transverse webs are partially cut out at the upper end, in order to support the distribution of the filling material in the masonry during casting. However, the requirements of a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation are not fully taken into account. Furthermore, this block, although on the abutting surfaces projecting Zapfteile, so that the individual stones are easier to set in flight and shifting when filling is prevented, however, the self-alignment when joining the stones is not fully pronounced.

In addition, there are also foam variants of Schalbausteinen, such as polystyrene. Although such stones are easy to handle due to their low weight, the masonry built with them is subject to static restrictions. Again, installation and self-alignment requirements are usually taken into account only to a limited extent.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a system of light and precise to be placed Schalbausteinen, which simplifies a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation over conventional installation methods. Furthermore, a particularly expedient method for erecting a building using such Schalbausteine is to be specified.

The object related to the device is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Accordingly, it is provided that the cavities are arranged and dimensioned so that in the erected masonry through vertical shafts and continuous horizontal shafts for receiving pipelines and similar objects of a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation form, such objects with a cross-sectional dimension, in particular a diameter, of up to 5 cm, preferably of up to 10 cm, possibly even more, can be accommodated.

The terms "horizontal, vertical, top, bottom, etc." refer here and below to the intended installation position of the Schalbausteine in masonry. The term "continuous" means that the respective horizontal channel extends without interruptions over a plurality of scarf elements lying next to one another in a row of the masonry, in particular over the entire wall width, and preferably in a rectilinear manner without significant gradations or the like, so that a rectilinear, rigid pipe can be inserted or imported. In particular, the front sides of the scarf blocks are to be kept open at least in the region of the shaft cross-section. The same applies to the vertical shafts.

The invention is based on the idea that when setting a masonry with the Schalbaustein according to DE 83 12 758 U1 Approaching existing horizontal shafts and vertical shafts by suitable arrangement and dimensioning consistently to the effect that not only the subsequent distribution of the casting material between the individual stones is favored, but that a real utilization of these shafts for the inclusion of piping and similar objects of building services is possible. In the inventive system of Schalbausteinen the electrical, plumbing and heating basic installation can be made in the shell itself, without annoying, subsequent slitting of the walls. The laying of the corresponding pipe and electric lines is rather already during the construction and before the backfilling of the masonry. Installation and bodyshell are virtually completed in parallel - preliminary planning and construction must therefore be adjusted accordingly.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one, preferably exactly one of the horizontal shafts formed in each row of the masonry. The located between the side walls of the respective Schalbausteins transverse webs are expediently suitably cut or with a correspondingly low height, for example, only half as high as the side walls executed.

Furthermore, advantageously, at least one of the vertical shafts forms in each column or in each vertical stacking of the masonry. In particular, the cavity between two transverse webs of a Schalbausteins be part of such a vertical shaft. Alternatively or additionally, the cavity between the transverse webs of consecutive in the horizontal direction Schalbausteinen be part of a vertical shaft. Optionally, the Schalbausteine for laying in the masonry association, designed for example in the runners or Binderverband, expediently exist two basic types of Schalbausteins, the transverse webs are offset from each other so that form with appropriate installation of Schalbausteine continuous vertical wells. Normally, however, the system does not require the displacement of building blocks - they are simply stacked on top of each other, and the chessboard or matrix-like masonry formed by the formwork blocks gets its stability later through the backfilling.

It is particularly advantageous if the cavities are arranged and dimensioned such that pipes accommodated in the horizontal shafts with a diameter of up to 5 cm, preferably of up to 10 cm, to a length of up to 5 m, preferably of up to 20 m, with a gradient of at least 1%, ie at least 1 cm height difference per 100 cm horizontal extent, can be laid. This is especially important for drains to ensure proper technical operation in accordance with relevant sanitary codes and standards.

Conveniently, the clear height of the respective horizontal shaft is at least 20 cm for this purpose. The clear width of the respective horizontal shaft, which is determined as well as the clear width of the respective vertical shaft in the normal case by the distance of the side walls of the Schalbausteins, is preferably at least 5 cm, preferably at least 10 cm.

For ordinary applications, it is advantageous if the respective shell component has exactly two cross members, which delimit the space provided for forming a horizontal shaft upwards. Downwards, the cavity of the individual Schalbausteins is suitably open, so limited by any bottom plate or the like. The limitation of the respective horizontal shaft down rather arises only in the masonry, through the transverse webs of the underlying in the row Schalbausteins. At the top is expediently likewise no ceiling plate or the like provided.

Further, it is advantageous if the respective scarf module is provided with alignment elements for self-alignment or self-centering when erecting the masonry, preferably both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction.

For this purpose, advantageously, the respective transverse web of the scarf module has a head section which projects beyond the upper edges of the side walls and is provided with edge centering bevels. Along these Zentrierschrägen along the lower edges of the side walls of the next higher row of stones in the masonry when setting the Schalbausteine down to slide into the support position, automatically centering in the alignment of the wall takes place.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the side walls of the respective Schalbausteins have at the top and at the bottom of horizontal abutting edges with over the entire side wall thickness of time flat formed bearing surfaces, especially when the bearing surfaces are aligned horizontally. As a result, a higher static resistance of the masonry compared to stepped and / or beveled bearing surfaces is achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the side walls of the respective Schalbausteins on the front sides vertical abutting edges, which are provided with connecting elements according to the tongue and groove principle, in particular in the manner of a bung. Under bung is an embodiment of a tongue and groove joint, each with a groove and a spring per connection partner to understand, preferably the spring is half as thick as the side wall to which it is formed, or the continuation forms them.

In an advantageous embodiment of this type of connection has a subset of springs vertically extending, directed towards the interior of the Schalbausteins webs and another subset of springs complementary recesses. It is particularly preferred if the respective web has a rounded, in particular circular segment-shaped, especially semicircular cross-section. Thus, to a certain extent a second tongue and groove connection is realized within the first tongue and groove joint, which is designed by an advantageous rounding of the spring and tappet elements and the complementary grooves and slots for a trouble-free, self-centering connection of Schalbausteine within a row of masonry.

In an advantageous variant of the modular system, at least one of the scarf modules is configured as a revision module which allows access to the cavities in the interior, in particular in the intersection region of vertical and horizontal shafts, via an engagement opening in one of the side walls which can be closed by a cover element. Such revision modules allow, for example, the subsequent connection or adaptation of laid pipes even after the construction - but before the casting of the cavities - the wall, for example, connected to a run in a vertical shaft downpipe to a run in a horizontal shaft sewage pipe, or to each other electrical lines to connect or to lead an external connector out of the wall.

In a conceivable embodiment, the cover element is designed as a folding or pivoting element and preferably connected via at least one hinge with the associated side wall. Preferably, however, the cover is loosely inserted into the engagement opening, wherein it is advantageously applied in the closed state with edge slopes on complementary slopes of the border of the engagement opening. Until the filling of the wall cavities, the cover can be fixed from the outside, for example by means of an eyelet-floor combination.

Conveniently, the respective Schalbaustein is made in one piece and is preferably made of concrete, lightweight concrete, shale, pumice, lava or expanded clay. Particularly preferred is lightweight concrete, while for the backfilling of the cavities, for example, special concrete or cement mixtures are used with good thermal insulation properties. Particularly in the case of a multi-storey construction, the corresponding static requirements can be taken into account by integrating reinforcements, for example reinforcing steels and / or fibers. Such reinforcing or fiber elements can be inserted in particular in the vertical and / or horizontal shafts and then encapsulated with the hardening filling material. With appropriate design of Schalbausteine with refined surface, it is also possible to replace the normally existing interior plaster by filling the walls, in order to achieve additional time and cost advantages.

Furthermore, it is of particular advantage if in addition to Schalbausteinen of the basic type also Schalbausteine from at least one of the following groups are present: foundation stone, ceiling tile, corner joint stone, T and double T-connection stone. In particular, the cornerstones and the T-blocks are provided with suitable lateral openings to allow the passage of pipes and pipes in the connection walls. As a result, a system of scarf components is provided, which from the Foundation stone up to the ceiling connections, the integration of the entire building services in the wall body makes and takes into account the associated assembly requirements from the ground up.

The outer dimensions and wall thicknesses of the Schalbausteine can vary according to the requirements and the concrete structural context, but expediently the above-mentioned framework specifications for the dimensioning of the inner cavities are observed. Preferably, the weight of a single building block in the range between 20 and 35 kg, on the one hand to support a sufficient stabilization of the masonry by its own weight, but on the other hand by a single worker can be set relatively easily without mechanical aids.

The above-mentioned, related to the method object is achieved by a method for building a structure using a system of shell components of the type described above, in which during the layering of the shell components to a masonry objects of a water, sanitary or electrical installation without Making masonry slits laid in the forming vertical shafts and horizontal shafts and connected, then the remaining cavities in the masonry with a filling material, especially concrete, are shed. In this case, advantageously no binder or mortar is used to connect the stones to each other during the construction of the masonry, but the stones are using their self-centering properties just dry or set to each other.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that by the complete integration of the building services - water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation - in a kit-like system with respect to their cavities correspondingly configured and dimensioned Schalbausteinen a significant acceleration of the construction progress together cost advantages in principle retention of the proven masonry construction is achieved.

Various embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to drawings. In each case, in a simplified and schematic representation:

1 a basic type of Schalbausteins invention (system stone) in a perspective view obliquely from above

2 a plurality of possible connection profiles for the frontal vertical connections between the shell components,

3 a preferred form of the frontal vertical connection between two Schalbausteinen as a detail in perspective view,

4 one of four Schalbausteinen according to 1 formed section of a wall,

5 a plurality of possible connection profiles for the horizontal connections between the shell components,

6 from top to bottom a system stone measuring 50 × 50 × 30 cm, a system stone measuring 25 × 50 × 30 cm, a system stone measuring 25 × 25 × 30 cm, a system stone measuring 50 × 50 × 30 cm for T Connection of walls, another system stone for T-connection of walls

7 from top to bottom a system brick for wall connections with recess for installation, a system stone with access panel for work on the installation, a system brick with T-connection, a system cornerstone,

8th from top to bottom, a top-mounted system stone cover, a connection block with recesses for installation, a flush-mounted system-stone cover, a top-side cover of system building blocks (eg for sills, parapets),

9 from top to bottom a ceiling tile with recesses for the subsequent filling with concrete and for the storage of finished ceilings or ceiling elements, another ceiling connection block with recesses, a ceiling connection block for indoor connection, a ceiling tile in the variant corner for indoor connection,

10 from top to bottom a foundation stone with support for foundation plates or foundation elements and with recesses for filling with concrete, a wide foundation block, a base element corner for the directed placement of wall elements, another base element,

11 a revision stone with removable access panel, at the top in the closed state and at the bottom in the opened state,

12 different T-connectors,

13 a section of a building composed of several walls with partly different wall thickness with integrated sanitary and electrical installation,

14 a plan view of an outer wall with T-shaped connecting blocks for an inner wall,

15 a view of a basement foundation with foundation stones, foundation plate and attached masonry,

16 a wall with window recess, shutter box element and revision stone, and

17 a section of a wall, which is equipped with an insulation in the form of applied to the side walls of the Schalbausteine insulation boards.

Identical or equivalent parts are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.

The in 1 in a perspective view illustrated Schalbaustein 2 is made of lightweight concrete as a molded block in integral construction. He has a total of a substantially cuboid outline and has two similar, plane-parallel to each other and each formed from a plate with a rectangular outline side walls 4 on. The two side walls 4 are about plate-like, aligned perpendicular to the side walls transverse webs 6 or struts or supports, which in the manner of a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the frontal vertical abutting edges 8th the Schalbausteins 2 are arranged offset inside, connected to each other.

The frontal vertical abutting edges 8th are for a tongue and groove connection with adjacent Schalbausteinen 2 designed in a row of masonry and have for this purpose corresponding grooves 10 and feathers 12 - here in the manner of a bung, in the thickness of the spring 12 half the thickness of the side wall 4 corresponds to - on. While at the right end of the Schalbausteins 2 according to 1 the feathers 12 outside and the grooves 10 are arranged inside so the springs 12 as it were an extension or continuation of the outer surfaces of the side walls 4 form, this is reversed on the left end, leaving the springs 12 there an extension or continuation of the inner surfaces of the side walls 4 form. Advantageously, the two externally arranged springs 12 at the right end on its inner side in each case with a substantially semi-cylindrical, vertically aligned and over the entire height of the spring 12 extending footbridge 14 Mistake; the two inside arranged springs 12 On the other hand, at the left end, there is a complementary depression on the outside 16 on.

Alternatively, the webs 14 and associated wells 16 also be profiled rectangular, preferably with rounded corners. Alternatively, the in 2 shown in cross-section hook-shaped or provided with pointed protrusions and recesses groove and tongue profiles are used for the vertical connections.

The interaction of the two preferred connection partners when joining two frontally adjacent Schalbausteinen 2 is in 3 picked out in detail. It is also in 4 recognizable, which exemplarily one of four Schalbausteinen 2 in checkerboard 2 × 2 arrangement - without offset of the individual rows against each other - formed section of a wall. To make the connection is first a Schalbaustein 2 a masonry row set; then the next stone in the row is lowered from above, in such a way that the webs 14 in the assigned wells 16 slide. In the connected state then there is a through the grooves 10 and feathers 12 on the one hand and the footbridges 14 and depressions 16 on the other hand effected form fit, the Schalbausteine 2 prevents displacement or dislocation in the horizontal direction and thus keeps aligned in the masonry centered. Then the next Schalbaustein 2 set the series etc.

The horizontal abutting edges 18 on the top and bottom of the sidewalls 4 a Schalbausteins 2 are preferably flat, so executed without grading, so that continuous, horizontally aligned bearing surfaces 20 form.

Alternatively, the in 5 shown in cross-section stepped and / or beveled profiles for the horizontal connections.

To support the self-centering assembly of the shell components 2 have the crossbars 6 one at least partially opposite the upper edges, ie opposite the bearing surfaces 20 the side walls 4 upwardly projecting head section 22 on, with the marginal, to the bearing surfaces 20 towards expiring centering slopes 24 is provided. The middle area of the head section 22 of the respective crosspiece 6 is in a preferred embodiment, as well in 1 or in 4 can be seen, arcuate, in particular circular arc-shaped cut, so that in the result only the relatively narrow, with the centering bevels 24 provided wedge-shaped projections 26 over the upper abutting edges 18 the side walls 4 protrude.

The crossbars 6 are each with a vertically aligned central hole 28 provided, which can be used for example for guiding or fixing cables of a mounting bracket.

The crossbars 6 do not extend over the entire height of the side walls 4 the respective Schalbausteins 2 , Rather, the two side walls 4 a significant projection over the lower edge 30 the crossbars 6 on. This lower edge 30 is analogous to the top edge 32 curved, in particular circular arc-shaped, so that the transverse web 6 overall side view of a bi-concave form with rectilinear, on the side walls 4 has adjacent side edges. This form in the Schalbaustein 2 below the crossbars 6 Cavities off to the side of the side walls 4 the Schalbausteine 2 and above from the lower edges 30 the crossbars 6 be limited. In the individual rows one from the Schalbausteinen 2 composite masonry formed by the juxtaposition of individual cavities continuous horizontal cavities, short horizontal shafts 34 off, the top of the bottom edges 30 the upper crossbars 6 and down from the top edges 32 the lower crossbars 6 be limited.

The cross-sectional dimensions of the horizontal shafts 34 are dimensioned so that piping and other objects of water, sanitary or electrical installation can be installed with a diameter or with a cross-sectional dimension of up to 5 cm, preferably up to 10 cm or more therein during the construction of the masonry. Therefore, the width of the horizontal shafts 34 , ie the distance a of the side walls 4 , at least 5 cm, preferably at least 10 cm. The height of the horizontal shafts 34 expediently takes into account the additional requirement to lay sewage pipes over a longer distance, for example, 5 m to 20 m with a constant gradient of about 1%, and is therefore at least 12 cm, preferably at least 20 cm or more. For example, the distance b between the top edge 32 of the lower crossbar 6 and the bottom edge 30 of the above in the stone row crossbar 6 in the middle, so at the apexes of the arcuate cutouts, preferably about 25 cm to 30 cm.

Located in the masonry between the transverse webs 6 forming vertical shafts 36 are also designed with respect to their dimensions for the inclusion of objects of the above type and dimensions. For example, the distance c between two cross members 6 a Schalbausteins 2 around 20 cm to 25 cm. The distance d between a cross member 6 a Schalbausteins 2 and the next cross member 6 of the following in the series Schalbausteins 2 is for example about 15 cm to 20 cm.

It is understood that the above dimensions are exemplary, illustrative in nature and may be varied as needed. In this sense, the families of shell blocks with different masonry width (= wall thickness) and side wall thickness (= formwork strength) are also to be understood in the appendix. In the tables reproduced there, the term cavity denotes the cavity available per shell for installation (height x width for the horizontal cavities, length x width for the vertical cavities). From these cavities are then put together in the juxtaposition or stacking of Schalklausteine the masonry, the resulting horizontal shafts and vertical shafts.

As you can see from the tables, there are several other types for specific purposes besides the basic type of formwork unit with different wall thicknesses and formwork thicknesses. All stones have in common their structure and function as fillable with concrete or the like formwork blocks with coordinated centering and connecting elements of the type described above, and the continuous design for the installation requirements of a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation - and Accordingly, the integration of suitably dimensioned cavities, which complement in the masonry to continuous horizontal shafts and vertical shafts. In 6 to 10 Different building blocks of the basic type as well as special function modules along with associated covers, connection elements and connection elements, etc. are shown by way of example. This includes not shown in detail window and lintels and window and door reveals. Especially with the smaller components, a connection of the two side walls can be provided by only a single cross member. For larger blocks but could also be present three or more cross member.

The system provides that a complete floor or a whole floor of a building, such as a single or multi-family house, can be created with all installations, windows, doors and the like, before the shell blocks with the intended filling material, especially concrete, are filled ,

A special role is played in the 11 perspectively displayed revision module 38 that has one with a cover 40 or a flap closable engagement opening 42 in one of the two side walls 4 an access to the cavities in the interior, in particular in the crossing region of vertical and horizontal shafts 34 . 36 , allows. This special module allows the subsequent connection and inspection of installation objects, in particular of horizontal and vertical pipe and cable ducts even after the wall has been set up. In principle, each of the block types of the system, including the blocks provided with a special function, can be designed as a revision block.

In the example shown, this is between the two cross members 6 arranged over the entire height of the side wall 4 extending and contoured in outline rectangular cover 40 from the outside a little into the engagement opening 42 pushed and then brought by tilting in the closed position. The cover element 40 has bevels on the side edges 44 that are in complementary bevels 46 at the boundary edges of the engagement opening 42 insert in a self-aligning way. In the closed position is the cover 40 then from the inside to the through the side wall 4 formed border. A hinge can thus be dispensed with. However, it must be a temporary fixation before filling the Schalbausteins attached, consisting of a mounted on the outside of the side wall eyelet-floor combination, as in 11 shown above, may exist. The eyelet 48 is with the cover 40 firmly connected, and the stick 50 or rod is simply inserted therethrough for fixing the assembly, so that it laterally over the cover 40 protrudes and overlaps the adjacent side wall surfaces. Notwithstanding the example shown, the cover could 40 of course also above and / or below from the side wall 4 be edged.

The connection between masonry walls of different thickness, especially between outer walls and perpendicular thereto inner walls of a building is done by special connection blocks that are similar to the basic type, but are laterally equipped with terminals and fasteners, preferably also after the tongue and groove principle. For the passage of (branching) pipes and lines are through holes 51 or slots of the required size in the corresponding segment of the side wall 4 provided, in particular in the area between the two cross members 6 , as in 12 is recognizable.

By way of illustration is in 13 in a semitransparent representation of a section of a plurality of, in each case at right angles to each other running walls with partially different wall thickness composite structure illustrated, with integrated sanitary and electrical installation in the form of fresh water pipes 52 , Sewage pipes 54 and each out of the wall led out water connections 56 , Drainpipes 58 and electric wallboxes 60 , For the corner joints special connection blocks of the type described above are used. In part, the blocks are as revision blocks 38 designed, namely in particular in the range of corner joints and pipe and line branches as well as opposite wall penetrations.

14 shows a corresponding plan view of an outer wall with T-shaped connection blocks 62 for an interior wall. In the connecting stone 62 For example, a drain pipe from a run in the outer wall drain pipe (not visible here) branch off.

A detail view of a basement foundation with foundation stones 64 , Foundation plate 66 and attached masonry shows 15 , Good to see is also a cornerstone 68 which is more or less by L-shaped bending of the basic type in the area between the two cross beams 6 evident.

16 shows a wall with window recess 70 , Shutter box element 72 and revision stone 38 ,

In 17 Finally, a section of a wall is shown, with an insulation in the form of on the side walls 4 the Schalbausteine 2 applied insulation boards 74 Is provided. In order to ensure the principle of self-alignment while at the same time sealing, the abutting surfaces of the insulation boards 74 preferably bevelled in mutually complementary manner.

attachment

Examples of families of system blocks

Type I Wall thickness: 300 mm Shuttering Strength: 50 mm lengths: 500 mm, 250 heights: 500 mm, 250 Weight: Brick 500 × 500 mm approx. 25 to 35 kg, Corner 500 × 500 × 500 mm approx. 30 to 50 kg, 250 height about half types: Brick 500 × 500 mm, 500 × 250 mm, Corner 500 × 500 × 500 mm, Ceiling connection, corner ceiling connection, Ceiling interior connection, foundation stone, Corner foundation stone, T-connection stone, Connection block 300, 160, 120, Revision stone, base stone, base corner Filling quantity / m ² : about 0.17 m ³ Cavity: Horizontal 240 (at least 130) mm × 200 mm Vertical 250 (min 150) mm x 200 mm Type II Wall thickness: 160 mm Shuttering Strength: 30 mm lengths: 500 mm, 250 mm heights: 500 mm, 250 mm Weight: Brick 500 × 500 mm approx. 12 to 20 kg, Corner 500 × 500 × 500 mm approx. 18 to 35 kg, 250 height about half types: Brick 500 × 500 mm, 500 × 250 mm, Corner 500 × 500 × 500 mm, Ceiling interior connection, T-connection stone Connection block 300, 160, 120, Revision stone, base stone, base corner Filling quantity / m ² : approx. 0.08 m ³ Cavity: Horizontal 235 (min 125) mm x 100 mm Vertical 200 mm × 100 mm Type III Wall thickness: 120 mm Shuttering Strength: 30 mm, alternatively 20 mm lengths: 500 mm, 250 mm heights: 500 mm, 250 mm Weight: Brick 500 × 500 mm approx. 11 to 19 kg, Corner 500 × 500 × 500 mm approx. 17 to 34 kg, 250 height about half types: Brick 500 × 500 mm, 500 × 250 mm, Corner 500 × 500 × 500 mm, Ceiling interior connection, T-connection brick, Connection block 300, 160, 120, Revision stone, base stone, base corner Filling quantity / m ² : about 0.04 m ³ Cavity: Horizontal 235 (min 125) mm x 60 mm Vertical 200 mm × 60 mm

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

scarf block

4

Side wall

6

crosspiece

8th

vertical bump

10

groove

12

feather

14

web

16

deepening

18

horizontal bump

20

bearing surface

22

header

24

centering slope

26

head Start

28

drilling

30

lower edge

32

top edge

34

Horizontal shaft

36

vertical shaft

38

revision block

40

cover

42

engagement opening

44

slope

46

slope

48

eyelet

50

floor

51

Through opening

52

Fresh water pipe

54

sewage pipe

56

mains water supply

58

waste pipe

60

Electric wall socket

62

stone connection

64

foundation stone

66

foundation plate

68

Eckbaustein

70

window recess

72

Shutter box element

74

Insulation Board

a

distance

b

distance

c

distance

d

distance

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 8312758 U1 [0005, 0011]

Claims (13)

System of shell blocks ( 2 ), which can be layered into a masonry, wherein the respective Schalbaustein ( 2 ) two side walls ( 4 ), which have a number of transverse webs ( 6 ) and the side walls ( 4 ) and from the transverse webs ( 6 ) has limited, pourable with a filling compound cavities, characterized in that the cavities are arranged and dimensioned such that in the erected masonry continuous vertical shafts ( 36 ) and continuous horizontal shafts ( 34 ) for the reception of pipelines and similar objects of a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation, such objects having a cross-sectional dimension, in particular a diameter of up to 5 cm, preferably of up to 10 cm, are receivable , System according to claim 1, wherein the cavities are arranged and dimensioned such that in the horizontal shafts ( 34 ) taken with a diameter of up to 5 cm, preferably up to 10 cm, to a length of up to 5 m, preferably of up to 20 m, with a gradient of at least 1% can be laid. System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the clear height of the respective horizontal shaft ( 34 ) is at least 20 cm. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the respective Schalbaustein ( 2 ) two cross beams ( 6 ), which the to form a horizontal shaft ( 34 ) limited cavity upwards. System according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the respective Schalbaustein ( 2 ) is provided with alignment elements for self-alignment when erecting the masonry, preferably both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction. System according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the respective transverse web ( 6 ) one opposite the upper edges of the side walls ( 4 ) protruding head portion ( 22 ), which with peripheral center bevels ( 24 ) is provided. System according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the side walls ( 4 ) of the respective Schalbausteins ( 2 ) at the top and at the bottom horizontal abutting edges ( 18 ) with flat over the entire side wall thickness, preferably horizontally oriented bearing surfaces ( 20 ) exhibit. System according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the side walls ( 4 ) of the respective Schalbausteins ( 2 ) on the front sides vertical abutting edges ( 8th ), which are provided with connecting elements according to the tongue and groove principle, in particular in the manner of a bung. A system according to claim 8, wherein a subset of springs ( 12 ) vertically extending, directed to the interior of the Schalbausteins webs ( 14 ) and another subset of springs ( 12 ) complementary depressions ( 16 ) having. System according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one of the Schalbausteine ( 2 ) as a revision module ( 38 ) which is provided with a cover element ( 40 ) lockable engagement opening ( 42 ) in one of the side walls ( 4 ) access to the cavities in the interior, in particular in the crossing area of vertical shafts ( 36 ) and horizontal shafts ( 34 ). System according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein in addition to Schalbausteinen ( 2 ), which act as basic bricks, also Schalbausteine ( 2 ) are made of at least one of the following groups: foundation stone, ceiling tile, corner joint stone, T-joint stone and double-T joint stone. Building, built using a system of formwork blocks ( 2 ) according to one of claims 1 to 11. Method for constructing a structure using a system of shell components ( 2 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein during the laying up of the scarf blocks ( 2 ) to a masonry Objects of a water, sanitary or electrical installation without making masonry slits in the forming vertical shafts ( 36 ) and horizontal shafts ( 34 ) and connected be, with then the remaining cavities in the masonry with a filling material, in particular concrete, shed.

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