DE2228687A1 - MASONRY CONSTRUCTING FROM SYSTEM BLOCKS (COMPOSITI) AND PROCESS FOR CREATING IT WITH SYSTEM BLOCKS - Google Patents

Description

12,798 20 / egg

IDRISSPATENT ANSTALT, Vaduz / Liechtenstein

Masonry consisting of system blocks (Compositi) and the process for creating it using the system blocks

When building load-bearing walls, it is often very difficult, sometimes almost impossible, to create vertical or horizontal channels within the masonry. In any case, however, the execution of such channels, if at all possible, greatly affects the monolithic character and, as a result, the stability of the listed part of the wall. Because of the constant rise the demands on modern living also require the diverse channels for the distribution of the various service systems of a building a large amount of time

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loss and an expense in wages, which makes a tangible item in the prime cost of the building. It is known that, for these reasons, current construction technology almost completely dispenses with full bricks and load-bearing hollow blocks, even when erecting smaller buildings, and, on the other hand, preferably uses reinforced concrete structures to which end and partition walls made of hollow block bricks or other suitable materials are attached in which the insertion of said channels is easier to accomplish. However, this type of construction is also expensive because of the required use of formwork, which is generally made of wood or created by means of metal equipment. The latter require special care in setting up and maintaining them. In addition, structures made using this technology have a human disadvantage: structures made of reinforced concrete generally only provide a very low level of acoustic insulation from the other components of a building and are also not sufficiently protected against external influences. Ex in fact, with the current state of the art, there is still no suitable, inexpensive insulation means, in particular for soundproofing structures made of reinforced concrete. All attempts in this direction so far have only partially achieved the goals set because they represent a not insignificant cost burden.

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To elucidate the problems indicated above, it should be noted that construction technology, at least up to now, lacks a special type of block that is suitable for the construction of both load-bearing and infill walls and at the same time the possibility of rational use also for the solution of all special ones , offers important problems associated with the secondary systems of a building. For example, there is no block - pressed or drawn or otherwise made from materials suitable for the construction industry - that could be used in series for the construction of load-bearing or infill walls and that could simultaneously take on the function of cladding - in many different cross-sections and with a stable shape for reinforced concrete castings of window and door beams and columns, whereby it would be possible at the same time to form bevels, parapets, window sills, door posts, cladding for roller shutter rollers, vertical and horizontal channels, etc. due to its various and diverse possible uses. In contrast, this is the object of the present invention.

In contrast, this can be achieved with the composite blocks and by means of the construction method for producing masonry according to FIG of the present invention.

The system blocks (Compositi) according to the invention, which

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Have cavities or are suitable to delimit, which serve as cladding for the casting of structures Reinforced concrete or the vertical or horizontal channels form for laying pipelines of various supply systems and for other purposes in buildings for residential and industrial purposes, are characterized that they can be subdivided in the intersection lines of least resistance, which run parallel to the peripheral walls and which are arranged in a modular order, i.e. at mutual distances that are a multiple of one minimum standard distance so that they are split can be converted into modification elements that - combined with one another - are suitable for forming these as cladding or as vertical or horizontal channels serving cavities within the wall connection, although the connecting joints one layer are staggered in terms of modules compared to the connecting joints of the layer directly above,

The method according to the present invention is characterized through the use of the aforesaid system blocks which are used in their entirety and / or divided into their Elements that are placed next to one another and arranged in such a way that that the connecting joints of the adjacent layers are offset from one another in terms of their modules, although they are continuous Form cavities that act as cladding or as horizontal or vertical channels. The composite

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ten blocks according to the invention are determined and manufactured for the construction of load-bearing and infill walls along with the corresponding associated structures.

These system blocks, called "Compositi", below and which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings solve all of the foregoing Problems when they are used in various ways in the masonry bond, be it in continuous installation in theirs full form, be it by means of a compositional / constructive connection. with their sub-blocks that result from them Separate along defined planes that run parallel to their outer surfaces, have been created »

With the diverse constructive arrangements that are possible between the system blocks and their sub-blocks are all of the extensive problems indicated above " visibly to completely solve both main and secondary masonry work. This way, the most extensive Fulfills the planning requirements of a building and in the execution it is a significant economic advantage achieved in comparison to the construction using conventional ■ technology.

It is essentially composed of at least one component existing system blocks ("Compositi"), whose transverse

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have sections in the shape of a U, one with an extended web U and an E, so that they can be used undivided with other similar ones or separated by hand into their sub-blocks, which can be easily connected to one another or structurally attached to the component itself. can be inferred from which they are derived. This creates the so-called "monoblock" dressing. This always in such a way that in all cases of use the lateral connecting joints of the individual system blocks and the individual sub-blocks in each layer of the masonry are always offset by a certain basic length in height - the previous and the following layer. It is possible to create cavities that correspond to the cladding of columns made of reinforced concrete, be it rectangular, square, cross, L or T-shaped, or even those of floors to storey different cross-sections, as well as cladding for reinforced concrete beams, for headboards of floors, supporting beams, roller shutter covers, vertical and horizontal channel cavities in the wall body, for the purpose of laying pipes or sewer pipes, chimneys, ventilation, air conditioning, etc. .. It is expressly pointed out that the various system blocks with components whose cross-sections have the Pivfilo ' ¹ U "," extended IF and "E" and which are written here b ©, are all based on the same basic idea.

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go, all perform the same functions and all have the same main characteristics that enable them to serve the same purposes and offer common solutions and common uses. It is also pointed out that the system blocks with components whose cross-section has a U-profile, for example, neglecting the thickness of the connecting layers, generally comply with the following dimensional rules: a value "x" is applied, the circumference of the leg and the distance between the two parallel legs is equal to 2x; the circumference of the rib is therefore 6x.

The specified ratios can, however, especially for some types of system blocks (e.g. for blocks with Components whose cross-section has an elongated U-profile), can be modified at will, depending on the particular one constructive requirements, but always within the range of the chosen modification system by the necessarily also the height of the blocks is determined, albeit in the proportional variation possibility.

The planner of a building can therefore, since he has different types of system blocks available, the block type Select for use whose modification function is on

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best to the intended execution of his construction plan fits; or he can reverse the blueprint to the use of a system block of special modification or to adjust its proportions and amount within the specified limits in order to obtain the greatest possible discount and the to achieve the highest possible speed in the execution of the planned structure. If load-bearing walls of considerable Wall thickness or infill walls are to be listed, it is advantageous together with the aforementioned system block another auxiliary block of generally rectangular To use cross-section, in addition to the system block, which almost always remains whole (undivided) to have the lighter, more manageable auxiliary block, from which one can almost can achieve all sub-block structures that are suitable for completing both the main and the secondary masonry work, and which have the same properties and the same purposes, so that one as a result can solve the same problems that can be solved using only the system block or "monoblock". It in this way becomes the so-called "biblock" assembly system applied, an important variant in the application of the construction materials provided according to the invention.

Obviously, by using the biblock system one achieves greater speed in construction, along with the resulting economic advantage.

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The so-called "triblock" system is mainly used for infill walls by using a further rectilinear auxiliary block in the function of a "casing". It is also used in load-bearing walls with a high wall thickness, if the system block or biblock is always intact and all partial block shapes by means of the two auxiliary blocks want to achieve. One of the latter will normally be angular, since the construction of the structure in this one Trap is even more advantageous.

When carrying out the masonry work, there are different and diverse structural combinations, which can be selected according to one of the three composition systems set out above can be carried out, after all, always completely alike despite the difference in their structure from that applied system depends, and also on the double Way of distributing and combining the structural compositions that can be carried out according to the present invention.

The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings explained in more detail.

The perimeter of the cross-section of a "monoblock", i.e. the im System blocks manufactured in a monoblock system are intended through points 30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37 of the

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1 Γ »

Figure 1. The same © applies to Figures 2 and 3.

The three more executable. Sections _r that made it possible to subdivide it into four sub-blocks are arranged in predetermined planes which are parallel to its outer surfaces. The 'subdivision will. Facilitated by appropriate preparations _s ISSI allgsnsinsn through bores 42 through which the lowest resistance BzrmLttehQnen visualized v / SRDs :: u In the © ¥ sise be by cutting by hand £ clgsnds "sllblöek® er-sisl-; ι along line 38 -39 eier Tsilisloe ^ - ;; "£. ^, Gs ds.r Line 41-33 of Tsilblock 31 along G @ r Linis -v-34 asr Tsilblcok 2; dsr remaining Tsi ::, represents as ^ i? s:., L ":. i-5? i: 4 because ^^ the s ^ ch can be educated through the combination of ssilblöek® 1 and 3» while the door s 40 =! - 'rdi ^ 41-33 produces the partial look 7 in two ways;

Figure 1 of panel 1 represents the one made of foamed material. Monoblock with full cross-section; Figure the I-ionoblockj as it comes out of the drawing machine, made of perforated brick clayj Figure 3 the monoblock made of vibration-compressed agglomerate or conglomerate sit cavities 43 to reduce weight. The Figursn 5, 7 and 9 show the other hand entsprschsndsn "Biblöcke" _s ie hergsstslltsn after Bibloek-Systera system _blocks: "a mono-

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"blocks have a very similar shape and with the corresponding, auxiliary blocks shown in FIGS. 6, 8 and 10 be joined together.

If one uses the scheme of Figure 4 If you compare Figures 11 and 12 with the diagrams of the Biblock system, the existing one with the same height is immediately dropped Correspondence of the sub-blocks 1, 2, 3 4 and 7, which are peculiar to both the one system and the other. The sub-block 5 of the auxiliary block is in the monoblock system replaced by the arrangements 3 + 2, 2 + 3, 4 + 1, 1 +4. The arrangement of the parts related to the assembly is so too choose that connecting joints do not lie on top of each other. The individually related auxiliary block 6 is replaceable by the compositions 1 + 4 + 1 or 3 + 3, while it is usually when used in a continuous series is replaced by a number of sub-blocks 4. The angular sub-block is obtained from the biblots in FIGS. 5, 7 and 9 7 and the rectilinear sub-block 4 by means of a section in a plane between points 41 and 33 or 40 and 34 of Figure 5, while the other rectilinear sub-blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and also 6, the one with the auxiliary block itself is identical, result from the subdivision of the corresponding auxiliary blocks Figures 6, 8 and 10.

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The auxiliary block is subdivided by hand on level 38 39 of Figure 8, so that you get the sub-blocks 1 and 5 according to Figure 12, and in the plane 41-33, whereby you get the Pieces 4 and 2 are obtained, and finally in levels 38-39 and 41-33, which results in sub-blocks 3. The auxiliary blocks are created as auxiliary elements to the biblical blocks from which they are essentially derived and of which they take on some special functions.

Between the parallel legs of the system blocks discussed According to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 5 * 7 and 9, there is a large, normally central, points 32, 33, 34 and 35 limited recess 44, generally in the Blocks with a U-shaped cross-section is square (also on Figures 120, 121 and 123). Two of each other separate recesses 44 are in the E-shaped cross-section blocks (Figure 125), and one normally rectangular recess 45 in the blocks mic extended U-shaped cross-sectional profile (Figures 13, 14 and 15).

On one leg (Figure 1) in the middle between the points 35 and 36 and on the rib, midway between the Points 37 and 40, there are two small cavities 46 for receiving cement and a metal reinforcement 47 for stiffening when the sub-blocks 4 take over the function of window and lintel beams. The sub-blocks

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according to the scheme of Figure 4 are assembled in simple and varied ways with the monoblocks of the figures 1, 2 and 3 in order to achieve a wide range of structural combinations, which vary from case to case Take over functions. This applies to the implementation of both main and secondary construction work, without the aid of any form-forming agent, without ever leaving any residue to be discarded and it can always be avoided that the connecting joints meet vertically one above the other.

A certain basic length was chosen for the monoblocks shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 as well as for the BiblÖcke shown in FIGS. 5, 7 and 9, for example 4 cm, including the thickness of the connecting joint of 1 cm. The resulting modification options therefore always contain multiples of. 4 cm in the six right angle for a system ^{kartesianiseher:} both positive and negative axes certain Richtunggen of space and are made of various, diverse and alternating Baukombinationen by the examples that are presented below, can be seen.

From what has been said so far, it is obvious that. all considerations made with regard to the monoblock assembly system, without exception, also apply to the biblock assembly

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Position system can be expanded, since both the monoblocks with their sub-blocks and the biblocks and the auxiliary blocks with their corresponding sub-blocks all have mutual and mutually dependent relationships in their geometric properties, what the height, the strength of the'connection joint and the Basic length concerns. They are thus all connected to one another and correspond to one another in the same way Involution. The same applies to the triblock system, a simple convenience variant of the biblock system, its "Formwork" was created exclusively as an auxiliary element for the execution of load-bearing structures made of reinforced concrete within the infill walls.

In the accompanying drawings, the examples relating to horizontal sections are generally shown twice: once for the odd layers, and once for the even layers to show that the mortar connection joints do not lie on top of one another. The vertical sections and perspective drawings, on the other hand, are only shown once. For a better understanding, all parts that are somehow achieved by subdivision are always numbered, including the auxiliary blocks, even if they are inserted in a right-angled position. On the other hand are numbered Kiclit the various Systeinblöcke * s.> I it that they belonging to one or the other of the mentioned "systems to the

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re. In addition, the various construction combinations shown in the figures can generally be put together in two different ways: on the one hand in the so-called "normal way", where the central recess of the system blocks in one layer is always open on the same side, and in the next layer to the other side, and on the other hand in the so-called "opposite position", in which the recesses are arranged alternately facing one another and facing away from one another. Both types of construction are shown in the drawings: the planner can choose the most suitable and expedient type on a case-by-case basis, taking into account that the construction method in "opposite position ¹¹ requires less space than the" normal "when executing the same combination.

In the representations of the examples, an attempt was made to identify the various possible types of arrangement and composition of the combinations mainly the simplest way to highlight, while the others are for certain structural ones Requirements may be more appropriate. The simplest type always has the advantage that it is safe Later errors can be continued once the first layer has been correctly laid, so that workers too can be used without any specialist knowledge.

The examples relate in particular to load-bearing construction

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parts and auxiliary components that use the Biblock system with Blocks with a U-shaped cross-section are executed (Figures 5-12 and 20-77), as well as on infill walls and ancillary components with profile cross-section "extended U" in the triblock system according to FIGS. 6, 8, 10, 12 13-19 and 78 11. If the aforementioned basic length 6 is used in both cases and the height is assumed to be equal to six basic lengths, the auxiliary blocks of FIGS. 6, 8 and 10 are equivalent to.

Figures 119-122 represent supporting bib blocks with a U-shape Cross-section and related auxiliary blocks. Dioso can be executed as perforated bricks (Figures 119 and 120) and as vibration-compressed agglomerates and conglomerates (Figures 121 and 122). Di © Figursn 123 and 124 oppose it a load-bearing biblock example carried out according to the triblock system They all have a basic length of e.g. 5 cm and a height, depending on the weight, equal to three or four basic lengths on. Finally, as an important variant of the infill wall already considered, Figures 125 - 134 should be noted, on which the bib blocks have E-shaped cross-sections with two recesses 44, which the masonry a give better insulation against external influences. The basic length here is 4 cm, height in view of the Volume only four basic lengths. The auxiliary blocks (Figures 126 and 129) have a shape similar to that of Figures 8 and 13 18th

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In the above-mentioned walls are the window sills and parapets, the door posts and bevels, the shutter box cladding and the window and door supports, the interior cladding and any other additional element, without exception, all embedded in the exterior walling, which is generally listed from undivided system blocks, with mutual as a result of these Chaining a homogeneous, solid and intimately connected masonry is achieved.

The following are only intended as examples of possible designs, without being limited to these, some of the main uses are illustrated, which are the most important Fulfill functions that are required today by a modern and rational construction method.

FIG. 20 shows the "normal" construction with bib blocks, the recesses 44 of which are all in the same position in one position Direction are open and in the next layer after the opposite. Direction. The blocks are always exactly on top of each other so that vertical lines 48 easily enter the cavities can be inserted.

The special application that is achieved by shifting the bib-blocks of the next following layers laterally (FIG. 21) replaces the previous application of Figure 20,

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when the end position of the ceiling is placed on this must, so that the underlying cavities are closed and the cement cannot fall into them, with the exception those in which the lines 48 are laid. In this way, between the last layer, form before the cement cast, which is laid according to FIG. 21, and the penultimate layer, laid according to FIG. 20, depressions, which are filled with concrete and thereby give the ceiling 52 rigidity and strength by a perfect interlocking with c! © m underlying masonry is achieved.

However, it is also possible to use lighter concrete coverings create by saying vorba © Sinsenkungen 49 by means of the - sub-blocks 2 or the sub-blocks 7 or with auxiliary blocks 6, as shown in Figure 22, where always the channels in which the lines 48 are laid remain open at the top. It is also possible to have an impermeable To achieve masonry, if one layer after the arrangement according to Figure 20 and the next after the corresponding 21 relocated, etc. In this case, the recesses 44 are offset from one another from position to position and thus closed 49. This is advantageous for other structural functions: the air is static and not dynamic and if it does not circulate, it contributes to better isolation from external influences.

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Figures 23 and 25 show how two walls can be joined together in two ways while avoiding the meeting of mortar joints can connect directly one above the other, with one wall being continuous. In Figures 27 and 29 the right and left corners are shown and in FIGS. 31 and 32 the intersection of two continuous ones Walls.

The special ones, through the figures 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 and 34 illustrated associations replace the corresponding ones of FIGS. 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33 if analogous circumstances are present, which has been mentioned in connection with the replacement of FIG. 20 by FIG. 21. The figure 35 in horizontal section and larger scale, and Figure 36 in axonometric perspective show how the auxiliary blocks staggered to form a partition (Figures 37 and 38). This is done in such a way that in the small inner cavities 46, which in this way always come to lie vertically one above the other, double pipelines for electrical lines 50 can be laid. In doing so, cuts into the separating wall are avoided. The aforementioned Figures 37 and 38 show the interlocking of a partition wall of two basic lengths. Strength in the spaces of a structural unit with the main wall. Similarly, FIGS. 39 and 40 show the insertion of a double partition Starch that is suitable for separating various structural

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units of each other. The auxiliary blocks 6 are laid next to one another in order to offer the possibility of an insulating layer 51 in between to improve the insulation.

In order to fit a door post or a window pillar under a door or lintel, it is sometimes necessary to use a section not in its entirety, but in a basic length fraction, which is normally obtained by sawing through the section. This is only important for the auxiliary blocks made of perforated bricks, whose basic length fractions in this case no longer lie in the direction in which they come out of the drawing machine, so that they form an area of lower compressive strength, albeit a limited area. To counter this problem, the method given in the axonometric drawing in Figure 41 is used by first sawing through the auxiliary block 6 of six basic lengths in height according to basic length fractions, so as to create the fractions J, \ t \> g and | of auxiliary block 6, the volume of which is equal to sections 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, whereupon section 1

1
of Bruchfceilstückes g etc. achieved. The fragments and their parts therefore differ from the auxiliary blocks and their parts only by the lower height, which in the present case is between one and five basic lengths -

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compared to that of six basic lengths of the corresponding auxiliary blocks and their sections - variable is. So it is clear that there are fragments in the building or use pieces of fragments so that there are never leftovers to throw away, as well as this at. the sections is the case.

Figures 48 and 49 show the horizontal section through a window parapet, made of juxtaposed Bibblocks, There is auxiliary blocking and its sections, between which an insulating layer 51 is inserted; the light one The width of this parapet is an even multiple of the basic length. In the case of FIGS. 50 and 51, however, the clear width is an odd multiple of the basic length. In the figures 52, 53 and 54 three different door jambs are shown showing the bevels and gradations which are variable within the basic length, as well as the different heights of the window parapets according to the figures 42, 43 and 44.

The same modification possibilities within · the basic length also apply to the heights of the lintels, as shown in Figures 45, 46 and 47, of which the first

a vertical section to Figures 37 and 38, the second one for FIGS. 39 and 40 and the third one for FIGS. 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33. In

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Figures 45, 46 and 47 take over the auxiliary blocks 6, whose small cavities 46 were previously filled with concrete and iron reinforcement 47, the function of the door lintels, while the sections 1, 2 and 3, which are located directly under the door lintels, compensate for the difference in height. The sections that go from the lintels to the floor Are inserted are different in number to allow the vertical fit of the underlying door jamb to enable.

Figure 55 shows in vertical section the auxiliary block 6, which is reinforced at the top in the function as a cladding 55, as a height indicator for the upper wall cover 52, for the support of a load-bearing ceiling 53 and finally as a cladding for a roller shutter box 54, which for this purpose is reinforced both above and below. The figure shows: The concrete cover 56 der'Decke 53, the longitudinal reinforcement 57 of the load-bearing beams, the own reinforcement 58 of the upper wall end 52 together with the associated bracket 59. The wall end (ceiling edge) made of reinforced concrete is held by two sections 4 and an auxiliary block 6 in the function of window lintels 60 and 61, which delimit the roller shutter box 62 at the top. The vertical sections in FIGS. 56, 57 and 58 show ceilings of various thicknesses. The corresponding ceiling edge linings are formed by the sections 5 »4

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and 3I The shutter box coverings are formed by combinations of auxiliary blocks and sub-blocks, each according to the height of the boxes, which in FIG. 55 · equals eight basic lengths, in FIG. 56 equals seven basic lengths and in the Figures 57 and 58 equals six basic lengths.

In the vertical section shown in FIG. 59, a line 48 can be seen, from which a right-angled branch 63 goes out, e.g. for the purpose of supplying warm air to living spaces. In Figure 60 is the entry or exit this branch 63 from the outer wall shown while Figure 61 shows how such a branch also in the Inside the masonry body can be done.

FIG. 62 shows the section of a vertical wall of a manhole which controls the lateral distribution of the Waste water is allowed through the central cavities 44 of the bib blocks.

Figures 63-70 show variable arrangements which are suitable in two ways to create cavities 64 for the Acceptance of lines 48 or multiple lines for branches of various kinds, e.g. chimneys 65, garbage chutes 66, to achieve. These have a side length of zv / ei basic lengths or three to six basic lengths, depending on the wall thickness.

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Some simple examples of connecting pillars made of reinforced concrete are shown in Figure 71 (square pillar), Figure 72 (rectangular pillar), Figures 73 and 74 (angled pillars with small and large legs), Figures 75 and 76 (small and large T-pillars) and Figure 77 (cross pillars). It deals These are connecting pillars, the occasional installation of which is also useful in load-bearing walls for certain purposes is.

The connection of the Biblock system enables the same Basic length the use of bib blocks of greater height, or bib blocks of the same height but larger volume, due to the lighter weight of the auxiliary blocks.

The following examples from FIG. 78 to FIG. 118 relate to those shown in FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 Bib-blocks, the distribution scheme of which is shown in FIG. 16 and which have the cross-section of an elongated U-profile. Here is the same height and the same Basic length used as in Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, - 7 and 9 using the same auxiliary blocks 6, the are already shown in Figures 6, 8 and 10, and of the cladding 9 shown in FIGS. 17, 18 and 19 to the triblock system specific for infill walls practical to use. This is suitable for earthquake-prone areas or in cases of particularly tall buildings,

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where it is necessary to transfer the load-bearing function to the reinforced concrete structures while the masonry is being built only the function of the filling and the installation of the Has secondary facilities. In these examples, the height is equal to six basic lengths and thus the common dimensions the commercially available ceilings 53 adapted so that the division of the cladding 9 is avoided, which is therefore always be used undivided.

Figure 78 shows in a horizontal section a more complicated example than the one shown so far, namely a part of an infill wall that begins at a door post recognizable by the sub-blocks 4 and 8, followed by a rectangular pillar made of reinforced concrete, the longer side of which with increasing height of the projected building steadily decreases with constant thickness up to and including the 5th floor (Figures 78, 79, 80, 81 and 82). On the 6th floor '(Figure 83) its thickness is also reduced by two basic lengths, whereby sub-blocks 1 are used. At the same time, in the uneven layer of the first floor (FIG. 78), a vent 67 and a kitchen waste water pipe 69 enter the masonry horizontally and separately from one another, and go vertically upwards in the next even layer (68 and 70). This contradicts fetches from floor to floor until in the even layer of the 6th floor (Figure 83) the ^1, six air vent (68) and drains (70) all in the Füllmauer

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get lost. The casing 9 (FIG. 78, odd layer), which is, for example, nine basic lengths long and not cut, is delimited in the subsequent even layer at its right end by a biblock. Accordingly, the casing 9 (FIG. 78 even layer) (in the odd layer, FIG. 79) is in turn bounded by another biblock at its left end. This is repeated alternately from layer to layer, so that the cladding 9 is always installed on one side and placed on the other side. This will keep the cast concrete firmly in place, which is usually poured every 2-3 layers to form the load-bearing pillar. As a result, this increases in height at the same time as the infill masonry, while its cross-section decreases from floor to floor (with the exception of the last) by an area that is equal to the cross-section of the auxiliary block, in view of the short base length chosen. After the installation of the metal reinforcement 72 and 73, the concrete for the formation of the pillars is poured into the cavities prefabricated for this purpose and delimited by the casing pieces 9 Construction technology are used and they remain permanently inserted into the masonry body after hardening, which prevents the formation of frost marks on the concrete, thermal bridges and the appearance of condensation

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will. The complete elimination of the aforementioned formwork brings a not insignificant economic advantage in view of the high cost of the same themselves. The load-bearing structures made of reinforced concrete grow up at the same time as the infill walls, so that afterwards Putting on the roof of the shell including the side masonry is completed, in contrast to the conventional structures made of reinforced concrete, which are only in one second or third construction phase are clad with the inner or outer infill masonry.

FIG. 84 represents a corner pillar, FIG. 86 a pillar of T-shaped cross section, and FIG. 88 a those of a cruciform cross-section. Figures 85, and 89 represent step-by-step reductions in cross-section from floor to floor the respective minimum cross-sections are shown. Figure 90 shows the vertical section of a reinforced concrete pillar, in which the panels 74 consist of casing pieces 9, which are related in their entire size. the The first layer in FIG. 91 is analogous to the first layer in FIG. 20, with a rectangular central cavity 45. The second layer the figure 92 corresponds to the first layer of figure 21, with the depressions 75. Figures 91, 92, 94 and 95, which for the sake of brevity are shown only with the first layer are, correspond, respectively to Figures 37, 38, 39 and 40; Figures 96, 97, 98 and 99 to Figures 48, 49, 50 and 51;

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Figures 100, 101 and 102 to Figures 52, 53 and 54. Figure 103 is analogous to Figure 55; The only variant, as can be seen, is the greater thickness of the masonry, which is clearly shown in FIG. 103. There, three instead of two partial blocks 4 are provided in the function of a lintel 60 on which the ceiling edge element 52 rests. FIGS. 104 and 105 of table 13 correspond to FIGS. 59 and 60 with the variant of the installation of a double line 48. FIGS. 106-113 correspond to FIGS. 63-70, while FIGS. 114g, 115 116 and 117 do not have any corresponding versions in bearing Biblock system, because in consideration of the larger cavities that can be achieved with the Bibblocks of an extended U-profile, the wall thickness is equal to the long side of the extended U-profile stone.

FIG. 118 shows a plan view of a wall with a window or door corresponding to the vertical section of FIG. 103 or 55, "delimited by the upper corner of the end post 76.

From the above-summarily listed compare it is clear that the Biblöcke according to Figures 13, 14 and x 14 in a structural combination with the corresponding auxiliary blocks of Figures 6, 8 and 10 are most suitable, bearing walls and Nebemmauerungen with the BIBLOCK-Sy stem to form with a basic length of 4 cm.

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Within the limits drawn by the material, it is also possible, in terms of basic length, not only to measure the outer, but also to vary the inner shape of the different blocks, as this becomes apparent when looking at them the supporting bib-blocks of Figures 119/120 and Figures 121/122, in which the basic length is e.g. equal to 5 cm and the height depending on the weight load between three and four basic lengths varies.

Figures 123 and 124, on the other hand, show a triple load-bearing combination. From this the biblock becomes figure 123 never cut apart. The straight auxiliary block 06 (Figure 122) provides the sections 01, 02, 03, 04 and 05 and the angled auxiliary block (Figure 124) is identical to section 07. When it comes to load-bearing walls of considerable size Strength is its execution in the triblock composition system expedient.

The illustration of the biblock Figure 125 with a cross-section in E-profile leaves a special variant of both Figure 7 and the figure 14 recognize, all of which can be implemented in perforated brick material. The block has three legs instead of two. The central recesses 44 are available in duplicate and separated by a section 12 to the To increase the insulating effect against external influences. The rib is ten basic lengths long - with the mortar joints

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are not counted - compared to the six basic lengths of Figure 7 and the eight basic lengths of Figure 14. The basic length is always equal to 4 cm. In view of the weight load, the height is reduced to four basic lengths. With this biblock, a load-bearing masonry can be created in the biblock system if it is used in combination with your own sub-blocks, as shown in the diagram in Figure 126. There are combined the sub-blocks 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 with the auxiliary block 18 of Figure 12? and its portions 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, as shown in FIG. 128. It also offers, in combination with the cladding part 26 (FIG. 129) length, for example eighteen basic lengths, which in turn can be subdivided into the sections 27 (FIG. 130), the possibility of a TriblQck system infill wall. This is of particular importance with regard to the achievable height when performing voii iitäiiden ;; in which the reinforced concrete pillars, which take over the supporting function of plug-in work to floor vm reduce an area corresponding to the UE _E of the eight Grundlöngenquadraten, so the half "of the area of the cross section of the auxiliary block, which is also the use of the claimed eggs already mentioned method can fall back on sections of the cladding piece 26. Furthermore, the individually used Biblock (Figure 125) is suitable for the construction of load-bearing walls in the monoblock system, which are completely equivalent to those that are created in the Biblock system.

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can be aimed, whereby it should be noted that the section 21 according to scheme 126 is the same as the section 11 according to Scheme 128 is and that the remaining sections 13, 15, 17 and 18 are obtained from the summation of different arrangements, as stated above.

Figures 131, 132, 133 and 134 give further examples of pillars: rectangular, angular, T-shaped and cross-shaped. Figure 135 is a vertical section through a pillar in which the casing pieces 26 perform the function of Take over cladding 77 of the concrete and serve to accommodate it, supported by the sections 27 in the Edge piece 52 of the head part of the six basic lengths high ceiling 53.

Figures 136, 137, 138, 139, 140 and 141 correspond to the previous Figures 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 'and 101. The Representation of FIG. 142, which corresponds to FIG. 103, shows the greater simplicity and speed of manufacture The window lintel 79 and the shutter box cladding 80, both of which can be carried out with undivided Bibblocks and auxiliary blocks while two superimposed and armored cladding parts 26 form the inner roller shutter box cladding 81 and two lines 63 horizontally can be laid in the recesses.

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The remaining figures 143, 144 and 145 are finally analogous to the previous Figures 104, 105 and 116.

Possible modifications in the mutual, from each other dependent relationships in their geometric properties, the height, the basic length and the strength of the joint mortar joints, or changes in the external shape and interior design of the system block types described and illustrated here are in no way included in the Contradicting the purposes outlined so far, they should rather serve to make these system block types more suitable to fulfill any other functions and requirements that a modern and rational Construction method for masonry work provided, it may be load-bearing or filling masonry parts Act. These can optionally be implemented in one of the three arrangement systems specified above, also to solve the various problems associated with the secondary masonry work, which we have here for the sake of brevity was not received.

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Claims (1)

Claims System blocks (Compositi) (Fig. 5 + Fig. 6 or Fig. 6 + Fig. 13 + Fig. 17 or Fig. 125 + 127 + 129 or Fig. 122 + 123 + 124) for the construction of masonry, which has cavities or is suitable to delimit those that are used as cladding for the casting of Structures in reinforced concrete or as vertical or horizontal ducts for laying pipelines various supply systems or for other purposes in residential or industrial purposes Buildings serves (44, Fig. 1; 45, Fig. 13; 44, Fig. 125; etc.), characterized in that these blocks can be subdivided are at the cross-sectional points of the lowest resistance, which run parallel to the circumferential surfaces (38-39 Fig. 1; 33-41, Fig. 1; 34-40, Fig. 1; 38-29, ' Fig. 6; 33-41, Fig. 6), these cross-sectional locations being arranged according to a modular arrangement, i. at mutual distances that are a multiple of the smallest standard distance (strength of Elements 39-32 in Fig. 1 or elements 6 to 38-39 in Figure 6) so that they can be divided into Elements (1-3-7 and 2-4-4 figure 4 or 1-2-3-4-5 fig. 12 and 2-4-7 fig. 11 in the elements of fig. I6) which, 209882/0654 combined with one another, are suitable for the formation of said cavities inside the masonry as Cladding or as vertical and horizontal ducts, although the connecting joints of a layer (e.g. Fig. 20, bottom) are offset in terms of modules compared to the connecting joints of the layer directly above (Fig. 20 above). 2. System blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one first component block (Fig. 1 or Fig. 13 or Fig. 125) has a rib and at least two wings in its cross section, while one second component block has a rib in its cross-section, that is to say a substantially right-angled one Shape (Fig. 6, Fig. 17 and Fig. 127), or a rib and a wing (Fig. 124; 7 of Fig. 4; 7 of the Pis \ 11 ^ 19, 20 and 23 of Fig. 126). · 5 * system blocks according to claim 2, characterized in that said first component block has a rib and two wings in its cross-section, i.e. a U-shape (Figures 1-3? Etc.), or an extendable U-shape (Figures 13- 14-15, etc.). 4. System blocks according to claim 2, characterized in that said first component block in its transverse 209882/0654 cut has a rib and three wings, so a Ε-shape (Fig. 125). 5. Construction method for creating masonry, characterized by the use of system blocks according to. one of claims 1 to 4, which can be whole and / or divided into their elements (Figures 4, 11, 12, 16), which are placed against one another and arranged in such a way that the joints between the adjacent layers are offset from one another in terms of module, although said elements form continuous cavities that serve as casings or as horizontal and vertical ducts (44-45). 6. Construction method for masonry work according to claim 5, characterized in that system blocks according to one of claims 1 to 5 are used for its implementation, the cross-section of which has a rib and two or three wings, which are formed according to a modular arrangement, in such a way, that they - by means of intended break points running parallel to the outer surfaces, which facilitate the break in predetermined planes of least resistance - ^{can easily be divided by hand due to their special properties of the profiling in the forms "U-11} extended U" - "E" in this way a monoblock composition 2098 82/0 65 4 agreement with one or two special auxiliary blocks (Fig. 6, 17, 119, 124) and all the various relevant sub-blocks, the one analogous to the monoblocks Structure and modular training, the same egg. properties, functions and purposes have so that on this way the "biblock" or "triblock" composition system, both of which are equivalent to the "monoblock" system of composition. 8. Construction method for masonry work according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that when realized of both main and ancillary masonry work, carried out by means of compositions of monoblocks and their parts or by structurally connecting bibliographical blocks and auxiliary blocks with all of their various relevant sub-blocks can be achieved, this, se in every construction position and in all applications with their lateral connecting joints are always modularly offset in height and the preceding and the following position opposite, so that by means of this mutual interlocking a homogeneous, solid and intimately connected wall structure is created. 9. Construction method for masonry work according to claims 5 to 8, characterized in that in its practical execution of the reinforced concrete structures that 209882/0654 system to create structural sub-blocks in this way - which are in different compositions suitable with each other or together with other system blocks or non-subdivided monoblocks are to 'form cavities within the masonry, that can be used as cladding for the casting of reinforced concrete structures, or as vertical ones or horizontal channel cavities for laying the pipelines for the various supply systems civil and industrial buildings, for. Water supply and sewer pipes, for smoke pipes, Air conditioning and ventilation systems for factory rooms; and can also be used to form partitions, Bases, posts and bevels for doors and windows, cladding for pillars and beams, window and door frames, shutter box coverings and ceiling trim coverings, Side walls of dispersion shafts etc. without ever having to go to auxiliary formwork or other form-forming aids and without leaving residues that are thrown away Need to become. 7. Construction method for masonry work according to claim 5 »characterized in that its application for the Execution of the listed masonry work System blocks or bib-blocks can be used in structural 209882/0654 into the by means of compositions of the monoblocks and their sub-blocks or by means of structural connection of the Biblocks and auxiliary blocks with all their various related sub-blocks can be obtained as casings Acting cabbage trees are poured, are completely enveloped by these cladding structures regardless of the cross-section of the pillars or girders created in this way, so that they are acoustically insulated and are effectively protected against external influences without causing concrete ripening spots or thermal bridges or condensation can occur. 10. Construction method for masonry work according to claims 5 to 9, characterized in that in its practical execution, the monoblocks, biblocks, auxiliary blocks and all the various related parts mutual, interdependent, 'in their geometrical properties modularly changeable relationships including the height and thickness of the mortar joints and the generating module; and that they are consequently mutually related and correspondingly in such an involution, that they all - in the six by a system of orthogonal both positive and negative Cartesian Axes in certain directions of the room - always allow modular variations in their different, 209882 / Q654 diverse and mutual constructive combinations, without ever leaving residues that are thrown away Need to become. 11. Construction method for masonry work according to the claims 5-10, characterized in that in its practical implementation, the monoblocks, biblocks, auxiliary blocks and all the various relevant sections in the masonry are arranged in a double manner Kind of composition and arrangement of structural connections so that the end results are always completely are equivalent, be it that they are carried out according to the monoblock, the biblock or the triblock system of composition will. 12. Construction method for masonry work, characterized in that the monoblocks, bib-blocks, auxiliary blocks and all various related sections such profile, shape, training and modulation properties exhibit - that they - in their various, varied and mutual structural connections to Fulfill the functions that they are supposed to fulfill - implement the method according to the invention, according to claims 5 to 11 »as indicated in the present description and in the figures shown on the accompanying drawing boards. 209882/0654