MXPA00008509A - Modular wall or double wall element for dry assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a modular wall or double wall element (S) for dry assembly characterised in that some at least (1a, 1b, 31a, 31b) of its faces arranged to co-operate with adjacent modular elements have contact parts (2a, 2b;32a, 32a';32b, 32b') designed to be pressed against said adjacent modular elements, and separating parts (3a, 3a';3b, 3b';33a', 33b) arranged to remain separated by a clearance of said adjacent modular elements, said clearance being sufficiently large to limit, even eliminate, infiltration of water by capillary action. The invention is applicable to the field of construction building.

Description

MODULAR ELEMENT OF WALL OR DOUBLE WALL FOR MOUNTING IN DRY TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a modular element of wall or double wall for dry mounting.

BACKGROUND In the field of construction, walls or double walls are usually made comprising, on the one hand, a part of the structure destined to be placed inside the building, and on the other hand, a part of the wall intended to be placed on the outside of the building. .

Classically, the part of the structure is made in reinforced concrete or in perpiano, and the facing part is made with briquette veneer, stones or similar material. While the structure part is intended to be covered inside the building by a coating formed for example with plaster or drywall, the facing part is intended to be seen from the outside.

Depending on the case, an isolation space can be provided between the structure and facing parts, in order to insert layers of glass wool or other insulating material.

Although it is true that the walls or double walls constitute a rational solution totally adapted to the needs of the field of construction, it is no less true that their cost of realization is relatively high.

In order to reduce this cost, different solutions of walls or double walls have been proposed in the past.

Some of them consist of modular elements arranged to fit together dry, ie without mortar or other analogous joining means. These solutions allow to increase the cadence of placement and resort to a relatively unskilled workforce, and consequently reduce the cost of the works to be carried out.

However, the elimination of the physical joints between the modular elements poses a number of problems, among which are the problems of sealing against air and water.

An air tightness defect can easily be remedied by covering, for example, the face of the walls or double modular walls located towards the outside of the building by means of a plaster or gy wall covering.

On the contrary, a lack of water tightness has a much more delicate resolution, and it turns out that at present no wall or double wall for dry assembly available in the market allows to satisfactorily solve this leakage problem.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a modular wall element or double wall for dry mounting that allows to obtain walls or double waterproof walls without the need to add any other protection.

This main object of the invention is achieved, as well as others that will be shown with the reading of what follows, with a modular element of wall or double wall for dry mounting, which is distinguished in that at least some of its faces intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements present contact portions intended to be applied against said adjacent modular elements, and separation parts intended to be separated by a set of said adjacent modular elements, said set being large enough to limit, and even eliminate, infiltrations of water by capillarity.

According to other features of the invention: the upper and lower face of said modular element each have at least one contact part arranged in the form of a flat strip and a separation part arranged respectively in projection and in longitudinal grooves defining a complementary fitting, said bands being intended to guarantee the vertical transfer of the loads through said modular element and said longitudinal projections and grooves being intended to limit, and even eliminate, the horizontal infiltrations of water by capillary action, as well as to guarantee the direction of said modular element during assembly , to keep it in place once it is assembled, and to form a mechanical barrier to the dynamic horizontal infiltrations of water and air, - said projections and longitudinal grooves have, from the outside towards the interior of said modular element, at least one flank inclined with respect to the vertical, a horizontal flank and a vertical flank, - said inclined flank forms an angle of about 30 ° with respect to the vertical, - said modular element comprises at least one socket extending between the flat bands of said upper and lower faces, in order to impose a vertical conduction to the infiltrations of water that could occur, as well as to lighten said modular element, said upper face comprises at least one horizontal channel that extends over its entire length and communicates with said alveola, in order to form an additional obstacle to the horizontal infiltrations of water and channel them towards said alveola, - said horizontal channel is adjacent to said longitudinal projection, in order that water infiltrations that may occur are stopped as close as possible to the exterior of the modular element, - the cumulative transverse extension of said longitudinal shoulder and said horizontal channel is equal to the transverse extension of said longitudinal groove, - the section of said alveola decreases towards the base of said modular element, in order to facilitate the extraction of the mold in its manufacture and allow the conduction of the water by "coffee effect", said alveola presents a rectangular section with rounded corners, in order to prevent breakage principles, - the radius of curvature of the corners of said alveola is greater than 35 mm, said modular element comprises two grooves arranged in such a way that water evacuation chimneys can be constituted in a straight or staggered stacking, and allow to place possible vertical waist beam members, the two alveoli mentioned are separated by an intermediate cavity communicating with said horizontal channel, so that the compaction of the material constituting said modular element is more homogeneous in its manufacture, and in order to form a chimney for water evacuation additional , the lateral faces of said modular element intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have at least one flat strip and a zigzag profiled part defining a complementary fit, in order to guarantee the conduction of said modular element during assembly , keep it in place once it is assembled, and form a mechanical barrier against vertical dynamic infiltrations of water and air, - said flat strips constitute contact parts and said zigzag profiles constitute separation parts to form a set intended to limit, and even eliminate, vertical water infiltrations by capillary action, said side faces comprise vertical grooves extending throughout their entire length. height, to form an additional obstacle to vertical infiltrations of water and channel them to the base of said modular element, - said modular element is arranged so that said clearance between the separation parts is at least equal to 2 mm, at least the upper horizontal edge of said modular element destined to be placed towards the outside is arranged so that the horizontal joint line between two stacked modular elements is apparent, at least one of the vertical edges of said modular element intended to be placed towards the outside is arranged so that the vertical joint line between two adjacent modular elements is apparent, - said modular element comprises a U or L-shaped cavity extending between its upper and lower face, in order to form a modular beam element, - the lateral faces of said modular element designed to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented perpendicularly to each other, in order to form a modular angle element, - said modular element is reversible, ie symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis passing through its center of gravity, in order to form a standard modular element, - said modular element is made of water-repellent concrete, in order to prevent impregnate with water.

Thanks to these characteristics, a modular element is obtained that allows to build, in dry, walls or double walls that have physical watertightness barriers against water (game that stops the infiltration by capillarity), mechanical barriers (geometry that stops dynamic infiltrations), and chemical (hydrophobic concrete that prevents infiltration by impregnation).

These walls or double walls are completely watertight against water, so that any other means of additional protection can be dispensed with.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the description that follows and with the examination of the attached drawing in which: Figure 1 is a plan view of a standard modular element according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a plan view of a modular element of U-waist beam according to the invention.

Figure 3 combines a side semivista and a vertical semi-section of a stack of two standard modular elements and a modular U-waist beam member according to the invention; Figure 4 is a plan view of a fitting of a standard modular element and a left angle modular element according to the invention.

In these figures, identical or analogous organs or groups of organs are designated with identical reference numbers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Now we will refer to figures 1, 3 and 4, in which you can see a standard modular element S according to the invention respectively alone, stacked with other modular elements S, C according to the invention, and fitted with a left angle modular element A according to the invention.

Said standard modular element S is parallel and reversible, that is to say symmetrical with respect to an axis ZZ 'passing through its center of gravity G, and is intended to be placed so that said axis is vertical (see figure 1). Its upper face has a flat central band 2a bordered by two longitudinal projections 3a, 3a 'extending over its entire length.

Each of these longitudinal projections has, from the outside towards the interior of the modular element, a sloping flank Ia, lia ', a horizontal flank 12a, 12a' and a vertical flank 13a, 13a '.

The inclined flanks Ia, lia 'preferably form an angle of about 30 ° with respect to the vertical.

Said longitudinal projections are joined to the outer faces 15, 15 'by optional chamfers 16, 16' formed in the upper horizontal edges of the modular element.

The optional chamfers 16, 16 'preferably form an angle of about 45 ° with respect to the vertical.

The lower face Ib of the modular element S has a flat central band 2b bordered by two longitudinal grooves 3b, 3b 'defining a complementary engagement with the longitudinal projections 3a, 3a' (see figure 3).

Each of said longitudinal grooves has, from the outside towards the interior of the modular element, an inclined flank 11b, 11b ', a horizontal flank 12b, 12b' and a vertical flank 13b, 13b '.

Said longitudinal grooves are joined to the outer faces 15, 15 'by horizontal flanks 17, 17' located in the same plane as the band 2b.

The upper face Ia and the lower Ib are arranged so that when two modular elements are stacked one on top of the other, their flat strips are applied against each other, while their longitudinal projections and grooves are separated by a set J, preferably of at least 2 mm The upper face of the modular element S has two horizontal grooves 20, 20 'located perpendicular to the vertical flanks 13a, 13a' and running the entire length of the modular element.

The cumulative transverse extension El of a longitudinal projection 3a, 3a 'and an adjacent horizontal channel 20, 20' is equal to the transverse extension E2 of a groove 3b, 3b '.

On the other hand, the modular element S has two grooves 25, 26 that extend between the bands 2a and 2b, and whose upper parts communicate with the horizontal channels 20, 20 '.

Said alveoli have a square section with rounded corners, the radius of curvature R of the corners being preferably greater than 35 mm (see figure 1).

On the other hand, as can be seen in figure 3 in which vertical semisections of said alveoli have been represented, their section decreases towards the base of the modular element.

The two compartments 25, 26 are separated by an intermediate cavity 30 of parallelepiped shape which also extends between the bands 2a and 2b and whose upper part also communicates with the horizontal channels 20, 20 '(see Figure 1). As in the case of the alveoli 25, 26, the section of said cavity decreases toward the base of the modular element.

The lateral faces 31 a, 31 b of the modular element S designed to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have two flat bands 32 a, 32 a ', 32 b, 32b 'bordering a zigzag shaped central part 33a, 33b.

A 32a ', 32b of the two bands of each of these faces is joined to an adjacent outer face 15', 15 by an optional chamfer 36a, 36b formed on a vertical edge of the modular element.

The faces 31 a, 31 b define a further engagement and, preferably, are arranged so that when two modular elements according to the invention are engaged, their flat bands are applied against each other, while their zigzag parts are separated by a set J ' preferably at least 2 mm (see figure 4). The zigzag portions 33a, 33b each have three vertical channels 40a, 40a ', 40a' 'and 40b, 40b', 40b '' running along their full height, said channels being positioned so that they face the channels of the adjacent modular elements.

Now, we refer to figure 2, in which a modular element of waist beam C in U according to the invention has been represented, as well as to figure 3 in which the stacked modular element has been represented on two standard modular elements S.

Said modular beam element has the same characteristics as a standard modular element, with some differences that we indicate below.

It has a U-150 cavity open upwards, which extends along the entire modular element between its upper band 102a and the lower band 102b (see Figure 2).

Two pairs of narrow grooves 125, 125 'and 126, 126' extending between the bands 102a and 102b are located on each side of the cavity U 150. The upper parts of said grooves communicate with the horizontal channels 120, 120 '.

Now, we refer to figure 4, in which a left-angle modular element A according to the invention fitted with a standard element S has been represented.

Said modular angle element has the same characteristics as a standard modular element (it has mainly two alveoli 225, 226 and an intermediate cavity 230), with a few differences that we indicate below.

The longitudinal projections 203a, 203a ', the longitudinal groove located inside the angle (not shown) and the horizontal channels 220, 220' only cover half the length of the modular element.

The side faces 231a, 231b intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented perpendicularly to each other.

The modular elements described above can be manufactured by molding with a whole range of materials normally used in the field of construction. Preferably, architectural concrete (that is, satisfying certain aesthetic criteria, color, texture, etc.) will be used, waterproof.

The embodiment and the advantages of the modular element according to the invention are directly derived from the preceding description.

To make a wall or double wall, start by placing a first row of modular elements on a perfectly horizontal floor, obtained for example with a concrete slab (not shown).

These modular elements are fitted against each other thanks to the complementary profiles of their side faces.

Standard modular elements are used for the parts in straight alignment, and modular elements of left or right angle for the corners.

Once the first row of modular elements has been placed, a second row of modular elements is superimposed so that a straight stacking is formed, that is without horizontal displacement between the two rows, or in quincunx, that is to say that two rows are horizontally offset half the length of the modular element.

The correct driving and positioning of the modular elements of the second row is carried out thanks to its grooves 3b, 3b ', which cooperate with the projections 3a, 3a', 203a, 203a 'of the modular elements of the first row.

You can build a wall or double wall with the height you want, repeating these operations as many times as necessary.

The straight and staggered placement and stacking of the rows of modular elements results in the vertical alignment of their alveoli 25, 26, 225, 226. Consequently, some of the chimneys obtained to place a vertical waist beam can be used. which may consist, for example, of reinforced concrete pillars or vertical metal braces distributed at regular horizontal intervals.

On the other hand, the rows of modular beam elements placed at regular vertical intervals allow, thanks to the formed gutters the alignment of the U-shaped cavities of said elements, to join together the vertical girder members, and from this way to make a horizontal waist beam.

The vertical and horizontal fitting properties of the modular elements and the waist beam made allow walls or double walls to be made very resistant, mainly to the forces applied perpendicular to their plane.

The transfer of the vertical loads takes place only between the upper bands 2a, 102a and lower 2b, 102b, due to the geometric characteristics described above. To avoid the risk of fissures, it is necessary that these bands are almost perfectly flat.

On the other hand, the risk of cracks linked to the transfer of vertical loads is limited thanks to: - the rounded shape of the corners of the alveoli 25, 26, 225, 226 that allow to prevent the beginning of breakage, - the contraction of said alveoli towards the base of the modular elements, which allows, in the manufacture, that can be remove from the mold without tearing out material, which could make the modular elements more fragile, - the intermediate cavities 30, 230 that allow, in the manufacture, the material that constitutes the modular elements to be more compact, in order to avoid later the concentration of tensions in certain zones of the modular elements.

In addition to the fact that the modular element according to the invention offers a simplification in the construction and an extraordinary robustness, it also allows solving the sealing problems classically linked to walls or double walls mounted in dry.

The complementary fittings, on the one hand of the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a' and the grooves 3b, 3b ', and on the other hand of the zigzag shaped parts 33a, 33b, allow to form mechanical barriers that oppose the dynamic infiltrations of water, that is to say infiltrations of water in movement (for example, the case of the rain that whips a modular wall or double wall due to the wind). On the other hand, it should be noted that these mechanical barriers also allow limiting air infiltrations.

Furthermore, and according to an essential characteristic of the invention, the games between, on the one hand, the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a 'and the grooves 3b, 3b', and on the other hand between the zigzag shaped parts 33a, 33b, make it possible to create separation zones between modular elements in which it is difficult for the water to advance by capillary action. In this way, physical barriers are formed when water infiltrates. It should be noted that said games must be sufficiently important to prevent the water from being able, by its surface tension, to keep in contact simultaneously with the opposing parts of two adjacent modular elements, and thus to advance by capillarity. Different tests have revealed that in practice, games of at least 2 mm can be arranged.

On the other hand, it must be pointed out that the use of a material such as water-repellent concrete makes it possible to limit the infiltration of water by impregnation. In this way, chemical barriers are formed when water infiltrates.

Taking into account that these different sealing barriers act at a certain depth of the wall or double modular wall, it is advisable to foresee some means to recover the water inside the wall or double wall.

This is the role played by alveoli 25, 26, 125, 125 ', 126, 126', 225, 226 and the intermediate cavities , 230 that allow, thanks to the straight or staggered stacking described above, to form chimneys out of the water towards the foot of the wall or double wall.

The contraction of said alveoli and said cavities towards the base of the modular elements allows to create a "coffee effect", that is to impose to the water a path against the two walls of the acute dihedrals that form the lower edges of said alveoli and cavities, and thus prevent it from returning by capillarity between the flat bands of the modular elements of lower rows.

In addition to the fact that the horizontal channels 20, 20 ', 120, 120', 220, 220 'and vertical channels 40a, 40a', 40a '', 40b, 40b ', 40b' 'form additional obstacles to horizontal and vertical infiltrations of water, also allow to channel the water to the alveoli 25, 26, 125, 125 ', 126, 126', 225, 226 and towards the intermediate cavities 30, 230.

On the other hand, we must not forget the fact that the modular elements according to the invention are primarily intended to be visible, at least from the outside. Therefore, the factors that contribute to its aesthetic quality are paramount.

The optional horizontal chamfers 16, 16 'and vertical 36a, 36b allow to underline the connecting lines between the modular elements, and in this way create a visual rhythm in the walls or double walls constructed.

The use of architectural concrete allows adapting the external appearance of walls or double walls to the architectural constraints of the places where they must be built.

Finally, it should be noted that the games (J; J ') previously described as well as allowing to solve the sealing problems of the walls or double modular walls, also allow to improve the behavior of said walls or double walls in some situations of loss.

In case of fire for example, these games allow to absorb the expansion of the modular elements linked to a strong rise in temperature, and thus prevent breakage.

In the event of an earthquake, these games allow a part of the energy transmitted to the wall or double wall to be absorbed by the ground and thus prevent premature ruin.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and represented, since this has been indicated only for illustrative and not limiting purposes.

In particular, the invention encompasses other specific modular elements necessary for the realization of singular elements, such as the modular half elements for making the tower windows, the modular elements of the L-shaped girder for making the floors, etc.

Claims (24)

1. Modular element (S; C; A) of wall or double wall for dry assembly, which is characterized in that at least some of its faces, Ib; 31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements present contact portions (2a, 2b; 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b'; 102a, 102b) intended to be applied against said adjacent modular elements, and separation portions (3a , 3a ', 3b, 3b'; 33a, 33b; 203a, 203a ') destined to be separated by a set (J; J') of said adjacent modular elements, said set (J; J ') being large enough to limit , and even eliminate, water infiltrations by capillarity.

2. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 1, characterized in that its upper face (la) and the lower face (Ib) each have at least one contact part arranged in a flat strip (2a; 102a) ) and a separation part arranged respectively in projection (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and in longitudinal groove (3b, 3b ') defining a complementary fit, said flat bands (2a; 102a) being intended to perform the vertical transfer of the loads through said modular element (S; C; A) and said projections (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and longitudinal grooves (3b, 3b ') being to be limited, and even eliminated, the horizontal water infiltrations by capillarity, as well as to guarantee the direction of said modular element (S; C; A) when mounted, to keep it in place once it is assembled, and to form a mechanical barrier against the dynamic horizontal infiltrations of air and water

3. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 2, characterized in that said longitudinal projections (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and grooves (3b, 3b ') have, from the outside towards the interior of said modular element, at least one flank (lia, lia ', 11b, 11b') inclined with respect to the vertical, a horizontal flank (12a, 12a ', 12b, 12b') and a vertical flank (13a, 13a ', 13b , 13b ').

4. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 3, characterized in that said inclined flank (lia, lia ', 11b, 11b ') forms an angle of about 30 ° with respect to the vertical.

5. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has at least one alveola (25, 26; 125, 125 ', 126, 126'; 225, 226) that extends between its upper face (the) and the lower (Ib), in order to impose a vertical path to the infiltrations of water that could have, as well as to lighten said modular element (S; C; A).

6. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 5, characterized in that said upper face (la) has at least one horizontal channel (20, 20 '; 120, 120'; 220, 220 ') that goes all along it and communicates with said alveola (25, 26; 125, 125 ', 126, 126'; 225, 226), with the purpose of forming an additional obstacle before the horizontal infiltrations of water and channeling them towards said alveolus.

7. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 6 when it depends on claim 2, characterized in that said horizontal channel (20, 20 '; 120, 120'; 220, 220 ') is adjacent to said projection longitudinal (3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a'), in order to stop as close as possible to the outside of said modular element (S; C; A) the infiltrations of water that could be.

8. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 7, characterized in that the cumulative transverse extension (El) of said longitudinal shoulder (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and said horizontal channel (20, 20 ') 120, 120 '; 220, 220') is equal to the transverse extension (E2) of said longitudinal groove (3b, 3b ').

9. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the section of said alveola (25, 26; 125, 125 ', 126, 126'; 225, 226) decreases towards the base of said modular element, in order to facilitate the exit of the mold at the time of manufacture and allow the conduction of water by "coffee effect".

10. Modular element (S; A) according to any of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that said alveola (25, 26) has a rectangular section with rounded corners, in order to prevent the onset of breakage.

11. Modular element (S; A) according to claim 10, characterized in that the radius of curvature (R) of the corners of said alveola (25, 26) is greater than 35 mm.

12. Modular element (S; A) according to one of the claims from 5 to 11, characterized in that it has two sockets (25, 26; 225, 226) placed so that they can constitute water evacuation chimneys in a stack straight or in quincunx, and that can be placed vertical beam girders.

13. Modular element (S; A) according to claim 12 when dependent on claim 6, characterized in that said alveoli (25, 26; 225, 226) are separated by an intermediate cavity (30; 230) communicating with said channel horizontal (20, 20 '), so that the material constituting said modular element (S; A) becomes more compact in the manufacture, and to form an additional water evacuation chimney.

14. Modular element (S; C; A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its side faces (31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have at least one flat strip (32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b') and a zigzag shaped part (33a, 33b) defining a complementary coupling, in order to carry out the driving of said modular element (S; C; A) during assembly, to maintain it in place once it is assembled, and form a mechanical barrier against vertical dynamic infiltrations of water and air.

15. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 14, characterized in that said flat bands (32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b') constitute contact parts and said zigzag profiled parts (33a, 33b) constitute separation parts to form a set (J ') intended to limit, and even eliminate, vertical water infiltrations by capillarity. - > -)

16. Modular element (S; C; A) according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that said side faces (31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) have vertical channels (40a, 40a ', 40a' ', 40b, 40b ', 40b' ') running their entire height, in order to form an additional obstacle to vertical infiltrations of water and channel it to the base of said modular element (S; C; A).

17. Modular element (S; C; A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged so that the said set (J; J ') between the separation parts is at least 2 mm.

18. Modular element (S; C; A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least its upper horizontal edge (16) intended to be placed towards the outside is arranged so that the horizontal joint line between two modular elements stacked.

19. Modular element (S; C; A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of its vertical edges (36a, 36b) intended to be placed towards the outside are arranged so that the vertical joint is apparent between two adjacent modular elements.

20. Modular element (C) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a U (150) or L-shaped cavity extending between the upper and lower face, in order to form a modular beam element of waist.

21. Modular element (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its side faces (231a, 231b) intended to be placed against adjacent elements are oriented perpendicular to each other, in order to form a modular angle element.

22. Modular element (S) according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it is reversible, ie symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis (ZZ ') that would pass through its center of gravity (G), in order to form a standard modular element.

23. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is made of water-repellent concrete, in order to prevent it from being impregnated with water.

24. Wall or double wall, characterized in that it is composed of modular elements (S; C; A) according to any of the preceding claims.