EP1060311A1 - Modular wall or double wall element for dry assembly - Google Patents

Modular wall or double wall element for dry assembly

Info

Publication number
EP1060311A1
EP1060311A1 EP99964750A EP99964750A EP1060311A1 EP 1060311 A1 EP1060311 A1 EP 1060311A1 EP 99964750 A EP99964750 A EP 99964750A EP 99964750 A EP99964750 A EP 99964750A EP 1060311 A1 EP1060311 A1 EP 1060311A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modular element
modular
vertical
water
intended
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99964750A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1060311B1 (en
Inventor
Jérôme Guibert
Jean-Yves Moulin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Studexe SARL
Original Assignee
Studexe SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Studexe SARL filed Critical Studexe SARL
Publication of EP1060311A1 publication Critical patent/EP1060311A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1060311B1 publication Critical patent/EP1060311B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0226—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves next to each other on the end surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting.
  • the structural part is made of reinforced concrete or concrete blocks, and the facing part is made with a veneer of briquettes, stones, or the like. While the structural part is intended to be covered inside the building by a covering formed for example by plaster or by plaster panels, the facing part is intended to be seen from the outside.
  • an insulation space may be provided between the structural and facing parts, in order to insert therein layers of glass wool or other insulating material. While it is true that double walls or double walls constitute a rational solution perfectly suited to the needs of the building industry, the fact remains that their cost of implementation is relatively high. In order to reduce this cost, various modular wall or double wall solutions have been proposed in the past.
  • An air tightness defect can easily be remedied by covering, for example, the face of modular walls or double walls located towards the interior of the building with a covering of plaster or plaster panels.
  • a water tightness defect is much more difficult to resolve, and it turns out that currently no modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting available on the market can solve satisfactorily this sealing problem.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting making it possible to obtain watertight walls or double walls without it being necessary to add ashamed than other protection than it would be.
  • the upper and lower faces of said modular element each have at least one contact part shaped as a substantially flat surface and a separation part shaped respectively as a protrusion and a longitudinal groove defining a complementary fitting, said flat areas being intended to carry over vertical loads through said modular element and said longitudinal projection and groove being intended to limit - or even eliminate - horizontal water infiltration by capillary action, as well as to ensure the guidance of said modular element during assembly, to keep it in place once it is mounted, and form a mechanical barrier to dynamic horizontal water and air infiltration,
  • said longitudinal projection and groove have, from the outside towards the inside of said modular element, at least one side inclined relative to the vertical, one horizontal side and one vertical side,
  • said modular element comprises at least one cell extending between the flat areas of said upper and lower faces, in order to impose a vertical path for possible infiltrations water, as well as lightening said modular element
  • - said upper face comprises at least one horizontal groove extending along its length and communicating with said cell, in order to form an additional obstacle to horizontal water infiltration and to channel these towards said cell
  • - said horizontal groove is adjacent to said longitudinal projection, in order to stop any water infiltration as close as possible to the outside of said modular element
  • the section of said cell decreases towards the base of said modular element, in order to facilitate its demolding during manufacturing and allowing the flow of water by "coffee maker effect",
  • said cell has a substantially rectangular section with rounded corners, in order to prevent the initiation of rupture
  • said modular element comprises two cells arranged so as to be able to form water evacuation chimneys in a straight or staggered stack, and possibly to allow the setting in place of vertical chaining members,
  • the faces lateral of said modular element intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have at least one substantially flat area and a zigzag profiled part defining a complementary interlocking, in order to guide said modular element during assembly, to keep it in place a once it is mounted, and to form a mechanical barrier to dynamic vertical infiltration of water and air,
  • said flat areas constitute contact parts and said zigzag profiled parts constitute separation parts to form a clearance intended to limit - or even eliminate - vertical water infiltration by capillary action
  • said modular element is shaped so that said clearance between separation parts is at least equal to 2 mm, at least the upper horizontal edge of said modular element intended to be placed towards the outside is shaped so as to make the line visible horizontal joint between two stacked modular elements,
  • At least one of the vertical edges of said modular element intended to be placed towards the outside is shaped so as to make visible the vertical line of join between two adjacent modular elements
  • Said modular element comprises a U-shaped or L-shaped cavity extending between its upper and lower faces, in order to form a modular chaining element, the lateral faces of said modular element intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented substantially perpendicularly to each other, in order to form a modular corner element,
  • said modular element is reversible, that is to say substantially symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis passing through its center of gravity, in order to form a standard modular element
  • said modular element is made of water-repellent concrete, in order to prevent it from being impregnated with water. Thanks to these characteristics, a modular element is obtained allowing dry construction of walls or double walls comprising physical watertight barriers (clearance preventing infiltration by capillary action), mechanical (geometry preventing infiltration dynamic), and chemical (water-repellent concrete avoiding infiltration by impregnation).
  • Such walls or double walls are completely waterproof, so that it becomes possible to dispense with any additional means of protection.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of a standard modular element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a modular U-shaped chaining element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 combines a half side view and a vertical half section of a stack of two standard modular elements and a modular U-shaped chaining element according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a socket of a standard modular element and a modular element of left angle according to the invention.
  • identical reference numerals denote identical or analogous members or sets of members.
  • This standard modular element S is substantially parallelepipedic and reversible, that is to say symmetrical about an axis ZZ 'passing through its center of gravity
  • Its upper face has a substantially flat central area 2a bordered by two longitudinal projections 3a, 3a 'extending over its entire length.
  • Each of these longitudinal projections has, from the outside towards the inside of the modular element, an inclined flank lia, lia ', a horizontal flank 12a, 12a' and a vertical flank 13a, 13a '.
  • the inclined sides 11a, 11a ' preferably form an angle of about 30 ° relative to the vertical.
  • the optional chamfers 16, 16 ' preferably make an angle of about 45 ° relative to the vertical.
  • the lower face 1b of the modular element S has a substantially flat central area 2b bordered by two longitudinal grooves 3b, 3b 'defining a complementary nesting with the longitudinal projections
  • Each of these longitudinal grooves thus has, from the outside towards the inside of the modular element, an inclined flank 11b, 11b ', a horizontal flank 12b, 12b' and a vertical flank 13b, 13b '.
  • These longitudinal grooves are connected to the external faces 15, 15 ′ by horizontal flanks 17, 17 ′ situated in the same plane as the area 2b.
  • the upper and lower faces 1b are shaped so that when two modular elements are stacked one on the other, their flat areas are pressed against each other, while their projections and their longitudinal grooves are separated by a clearance J, preferably at least equal to 2 mm.
  • the upper face 1a of the modular element S also includes two horizontal grooves 20, 20 ′ located in line with the vertical sides 13a, 13a ′ and extending over the entire length of the modular element.
  • the cumulative transverse extension E1 of a longitudinal projection 3a, 3a 'and of an adjacent horizontal groove 20, 20' is substantially equal to the transverse extension E2 of a groove 3b, 3b '.
  • the modular element S also comprises two cells 25, 26 which extend between the areas 2a and 2b, and the upper parts of which communicate with the horizontal grooves 20, 20 '.
  • These cells have a substantially square section with rounded corners, the radius of curvature R of the corners preferably being greater than 35 mm (see FIG. 1).
  • the two cells 25, 26 are separated by an intermediate cavity 30 of substantially parailelepiped shape which also extends between the areas 2a and 2b and the upper part of which also communicates with the horizontal grooves 20, 20 '(see FIG. 1). As in the cells 25, 26, the section of this cavity decreases towards the base of the modular element.
  • the lateral faces 31a, 31b of the modular element S intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have two flat areas 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b' bordering a zigzag profiled central part 33a, 33b.
  • One 32a ', 32b of the two areas of each of these faces is connected to an adjacent external face 15', 15 by an optional chamfer 36a, 36b formed in a vertical edge of the modular element.
  • the faces 31a, 31b define a complementary interlocking, and they are preferably shaped so that when two modular elements according to the invention are interlocked, their flat areas are applied one against the other, while their zigzag parts are separated by a clearance J 'preferably at least equal to
  • the zigzag parts 33a, 33b each have three vertical grooves 40a, 40a ', 40a' 'and 40b, 40b', 40b '' extending over their entire height, these grooves being positioned so as to come opposite each other. screws of the grooves of the adjacent modular elements.
  • FIG. 2 in which a modular chaining element C in a shape according to the invention has been shown, as well as to FIG. 3 in which such a modular element has been shown stacked on two standard modular elements. S.
  • This modular chaining element has the same characteristics as a standard modular element, with some differences explained below.
  • This modular corner element has the same characteristics as a standard modular element (it comprises, in particular, two cells 225, 226 and an intermediate cavity 230), with a few differences which are explained below.
  • the longitudinal projections 203a, 203a ', the longitudinal groove placed inside the angle (not shown) and the horizontal grooves 220, 220' do not extend only over about half the length of the modular element.
  • the lateral faces 231a, 231b intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented substantially perpendicular to each other.
  • the modular elements described above can be made by molding with a range of materials commonly used in the construction field. Preferably, architectonic concrete (that is to say satisfying certain aesthetic criteria: color, texture, etc.) will be used.
  • Standard modular elements are used for the right aligned parts, and left or right angle modular elements for the corners.
  • Rows of modular chaining elements placed at regular vertical intervals also allow, thanks to the gutters formed by the alignment of the U-shaped cavities of these elements, to connect the vertical chaining members together, and thus to achieve horizontal chaining .
  • the modular element according to the invention offers remarkable simplicity of implementation and robustness, it makes it possible to solve the sealing problems conventionally linked to dry modular walls or double walls.
  • the complementary sockets of the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a' and of the grooves 3b, 3b 'on the one hand, and zigzag sections 33a, 33b on the other hand make it possible to form mechanical barriers which oppose dynamic water infiltration, that is to say moving water infiltration (in the case of rain knocked down by the wind against a modular wall or double wall, for example). Note also that these mechanical barriers also significantly limit air infiltration.
  • the clearances between the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a' and the grooves 3b, 3b 'on the one hand, and between the zigzag sections 33a, 33b d on the other hand make it possible to produce separation zones between modular elements in which water can hardly progress by capillary action. In this way, physical barriers to water infiltration are formed.
  • clearances must be large enough to prevent water from being able, thanks to its surface tension, to be kept in contact simultaneously with the parts opposite two adjacent modular elements, and thus to progress by capillarity.
  • Different tests have shown that in practice, clearances at least equal to 2mm could be suitable.
  • the use of a material such as water-repellent concrete makes it possible to limit the infiltration of water by impregnation. This also forms chemical barriers to water infiltration. Since these different sealing barriers act on a certain depth of the modular wall or double wall, it is advisable to provide means for recovering the water inside the wall or double wall.
  • the horizontal grooves 20, 20 ', 120, 120', 220, 220 'and vertical 40a, 40a', 40a ", 40b, 40b ', 40b' 'form additional obstacles to the horizontal and vertical infiltration of water they make it possible to channel the water to the cells 25, 26, 125, 125 ', 126, 126', 225, 226 and to the intermediate cavities 30, 230.
  • the optional horizontal chamfers 16, 16 'and vertical 36a, 36b allow to emphasize the lines of join between the modular elements, and thus create a visual rhythm on the walls or double walls built.
  • the invention extends to other specific modular elements necessary for the production of singular elements, such as the modular half-elements to make the window towers, the modular L-shaped chaining elements to make the floors. , etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a modular wall or double wall element (S) for dry assembly characterised in that some at least (1a, 1b, 31a, 31b) of its faces arranged to co-operate with adjacent modular elements have contact parts (2a, 2b; 32a, 32a'; 32b, 32b') designed to be pressed against said adjacent modular elements, and separating parts (3a, 3a'; 3b, 3b'; 33a', 33b) arranged to remain separated by a clearance of said adjacent modular elements, said clearance being sufficiently large to limit, even eliminate, infiltration of water by capillary action. The invention is applicable to the field of construction building.

Description

Elément modulaire de mur ou double mur pour montage à secModular wall or double wall element for dry mounting
La présente invention est relative à un élément modulaire de mur ou double mur pour montage à sec.The present invention relates to a modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting.
Il est connu de réaliser, dans le domaine du bâtiment, des murs ou doubles murs comportant d'une part une partie de structure destinée à être placée à l'intérieur du bâtiment, et d'autre part une partie de parement destinée à être placée à l'extérieur du bâtiment.It is known to produce, in the building sector, walls or double walls comprising on the one hand a structural part intended to be placed inside the building, and on the other hand a facing part intended to be placed outside the building.
Classiquement, la partie de structure est réalisée en béton armé ou en parpaings, et la partie de parement est réalisée avec un placage de briquettes, de pierres, ou analogues- Tandis que la partie de structure est destinée à être recouverte à l'intérieur du bâtiment par un habillage formé par exemple par du plâtre ou par des panneaux de plâtre, la partie de parement est destinée à être vue de l'extérieur.Conventionally, the structural part is made of reinforced concrete or concrete blocks, and the facing part is made with a veneer of briquettes, stones, or the like. While the structural part is intended to be covered inside the building by a covering formed for example by plaster or by plaster panels, the facing part is intended to be seen from the outside.
Selon les cas, on peut prévoir un espace d'isolation entre les parties de structure et de parement, afin d'y insérer des couches de laine de verre ou d'un autre matériau isolant. S' il est vrai que les doubles murs ou doubles murs constituent une solution rationnelle tout à fait adaptée aux besoins du domaine du bâtiment, il n'en demeure pas moins que leur coût de mise en oeuvre est relativement élevé. Afin de réduire ce coût, différentes solutions de murs ou doubles murs modulaires ont été proposées par le passé.Depending on the case, an insulation space may be provided between the structural and facing parts, in order to insert therein layers of glass wool or other insulating material. While it is true that double walls or double walls constitute a rational solution perfectly suited to the needs of the building industry, the fact remains that their cost of implementation is relatively high. In order to reduce this cost, various modular wall or double wall solutions have been proposed in the past.
Certaines d' entre elles consistent en éléments modulaires conformés pour s'emboîter les uns dans les autres à sec, c'est à dire sans mortier ou autre moyen de solidarisation analogue. Ces solutions permettent d'augmenter les cadences de pose et d'avoir recours à une main d'oeuvre relativement peu qualifiée, et donc de réduire le coût des ouvrages à exécuter.Some of them consist of modular elements shaped to fit into each other dry, that is to say without mortar or other similar means of attachment. These solutions make it possible to increase the laying rates and to have recourse to relatively unskilled labor, and therefore to reduce the cost of the works to be executed.
Cela dit, la suppression de joints physiques entre les éléments modulaires soulève un certain nombre de problèmes, parmi lesquels des problèmes d'étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau.That said, removing physical joints between modular elements raises a number of issues, among which air and water tightness problems.
On peut aisément pallier un défaut d'étanchéité à l'air en recouvrant par exemple la face des murs ou doubles murs modulaires située vers l'intérieur du bâtiment par un habillage de plâtre ou de panneaux de plâtre.An air tightness defect can easily be remedied by covering, for example, the face of modular walls or double walls located towards the interior of the building with a covering of plaster or plaster panels.
Un défaut d'étanchéité à l'eau est, en revanche, beaucoup plus délicat à régler, et il se trouve qu' actuellement aucun élément modulaire de mur ou double mur pour montage à sec disponible sur le marché ne permet de résoudre de manière satisfaisante ce problème d' étanchéité.A water tightness defect, on the other hand, is much more difficult to resolve, and it turns out that currently no modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting available on the market can solve satisfactorily this sealing problem.
La présente invention a pour but principal de fournir un élément modulaire de mur ou double mur pour montage à sec permettant d'obtenir des murs ou doubles murs étanches à l'eau sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'ajouter cruelle qu'autre protection que ce soit.The main object of the present invention is to provide a modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting making it possible to obtain watertight walls or double walls without it being necessary to add cruel than other protection than it would be.
On atteint ce but principal de l'invention, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront à la lecture qui va suivre, avec un élément modulaire de mur ou double mur pour montage à sec, remarquable en ce que certaines au moins de ses faces destinées à coopérer avec des élément modulaires adjacents présentent des parties de contact destinées à s'appliquer contre lesdits éléments modulaires adjacents, et des parties de séparation destinées à rester séparées par un jeu desdits éléments modulaires adjacents, ce jeu étant suffisamment grand pour limiter -voire éliminer- les infiltrations d'eau par capillarité.This main object of the invention is achieved, as well as others which will appear on reading which follows, with a modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting, remarkable in that at least some of its faces intended for cooperate with adjacent modular elements have contact parts intended to be applied against said adjacent modular elements, and separation parts intended to remain separated by a play of said adjacent modular elements, this play being large enough to limit -or eliminate- water infiltration by capillary action.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention: - les faces supérieure et inférieure dudit élément modulaire présentent chacune au moins une partie de contact conformée en plage sensiblement plane et une partie de séparation conformée respectivement en saillie et en gorge longitudinales définissant un emboîtement complémentaire, lesdites plages planes étant destinées à assurer le report vertical des charges à travers ledit élément modulaire et lesdites saillie et gorge longitudinales étant destinées à limiter -voire à éliminer- les infiltrations horizontales d'eau par capillarité, ainsi qu'à assurer le guidage dudit élément modulaire lors du montage, à le maintenir en place une fois qu'il est monté, et à former une barrière mécanique aux infiltrations horizontales dynamiques d'eau et d'air,According to other characteristics of the invention: the upper and lower faces of said modular element each have at least one contact part shaped as a substantially flat surface and a separation part shaped respectively as a protrusion and a longitudinal groove defining a complementary fitting, said flat areas being intended to carry over vertical loads through said modular element and said longitudinal projection and groove being intended to limit - or even eliminate - horizontal water infiltration by capillary action, as well as to ensure the guidance of said modular element during assembly, to keep it in place once it is mounted, and form a mechanical barrier to dynamic horizontal water and air infiltration,
- lesdites saillie et gorge longitudinales présentent, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur dudit élément modulaire, au moins un flanc incliné par rapport à la verticale, un flanc horizontal et un flanc vertical,said longitudinal projection and groove have, from the outside towards the inside of said modular element, at least one side inclined relative to the vertical, one horizontal side and one vertical side,
- ledit flanc incliné fait un angle d'environ 30° par rapport à la verticale, - ledit élément modulaire comprend au moins un alvéole s' étendant entre les plages planes desdites faces supérieure et inférieure, afin d'imposer un cheminement vertical aux éventuelles infiltrations d'eau, ainsi que d'alléger ledit élément modulaire, - ladite face supérieure comporte au moins une rainure horizontale s' étendant suivant sa longueur et communiquant avec ledit alvéole, afin de former un obstacle supplémentaire aux infiltrations horizontales d' eau et de canaliser celles-ci vers ledit alvéole, - ladite rainure horizontale est adjacente à ladite saillie longitudinale, afin de stopper les éventuelles infiltrations d'eau aussi près que possible de l'extérieur dudit élément modulaire,- said inclined flank makes an angle of approximately 30 ° with respect to the vertical, - said modular element comprises at least one cell extending between the flat areas of said upper and lower faces, in order to impose a vertical path for possible infiltrations water, as well as lightening said modular element, - said upper face comprises at least one horizontal groove extending along its length and communicating with said cell, in order to form an additional obstacle to horizontal water infiltration and to channel these towards said cell, - said horizontal groove is adjacent to said longitudinal projection, in order to stop any water infiltration as close as possible to the outside of said modular element,
- l'extension transversale cumulée de ladite saillie longitudinale et de ladite rainure horizontale est sensiblement égale à l'extension transversale de ladite gorge longitudinale,the cumulative transverse extension of said longitudinal projection and of said horizontal groove is substantially equal to the transverse extension of said longitudinal groove,
- la section dudit alvéole diminue vers la base dudit élément modulaire, afin de faciliter son démoulage lors de la fabrication et de permettre le cheminement de l'eau par « effet cafetière »,- the section of said cell decreases towards the base of said modular element, in order to facilitate its demolding during manufacturing and allowing the flow of water by "coffee maker effect",
- ledit alvéole présente une section sensiblement rectangulaire à coins arrondis, afin de prévenir les amorces de rupture,said cell has a substantially rectangular section with rounded corners, in order to prevent the initiation of rupture,
- le rayon de courbure des coins dudit alvéole est supérieur à 35 mm, ledit élément modulaire comporte deux alvéoles disposés de manière à pouvoir constituer des cheminées d'évacuation d'eau dans un empilement droit ou en quinconce, et à permettre éventuellement la mise en place d'organes de chaînage vertical,- The radius of curvature of the corners of said cell is greater than 35 mm, said modular element comprises two cells arranged so as to be able to form water evacuation chimneys in a straight or staggered stack, and possibly to allow the setting in place of vertical chaining members,
- lesdits deux alvéoles sont séparés par une cavité intermédiaire communiquant avec ladite rainure horizontale, afin de permettre un compactage plus homogène du matériau constituant ledit élément modulaire lors de la fabrication, et afin de former une cheminée d' évacuation d' eau supplémentaire, les faces latérales dudit élément modulaire destinées à coopérer avec des éléments modulaires adjacents présentent chacune au moins une plage sensiblement plane et une partie profilée en zigzag définissant un emboîtement complémentaire, afin d'assurer le guidage dudit élément modulaire lors du montage, de le maintenir en place une fois qu'il est monté, et de former une barrière mécanique aux infiltrations verticales dynamiques d' eau et d' air,- said two cells are separated by an intermediate cavity communicating with said horizontal groove, in order to allow more homogeneous compaction of the material constituting said modular element during manufacture, and in order to form an additional water evacuation chimney, the faces lateral of said modular element intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have at least one substantially flat area and a zigzag profiled part defining a complementary interlocking, in order to guide said modular element during assembly, to keep it in place a once it is mounted, and to form a mechanical barrier to dynamic vertical infiltration of water and air,
- lesdites plages planes constituent des parties de contact et lesdites parties profilées en zigzag constituent des parties de séparation pour former un jeu destiné à limiter -voire à éliminer- les infiltrations verticales d'eau par capillarité,said flat areas constitute contact parts and said zigzag profiled parts constitute separation parts to form a clearance intended to limit - or even eliminate - vertical water infiltration by capillary action,
- lesdites faces latérales comportent des rainurTfs verticales s' étendant sur toute leur hauteur, afin de former un obstacle supplémentaire aux infiltrations verticales d'eau et de canaliser celles-ci vers la base dudit élément modulaire,- Said side faces have vertical grooves extending over their entire height, in order to form an additional obstacle to infiltration vertical of water and channel these towards the base of said modular element,
- ledit élément modulaire est conformé de sorte que ledit jeu entre parties de séparation soit au moins égal à 2 mm, au moins l'arête horizontale supérieure dudit élément modulaire destinée à être placée vers l'extérieur est conformée de manière à rendre apparente la ligne de jointure horizontale entre deux éléments modulaires empilés,- said modular element is shaped so that said clearance between separation parts is at least equal to 2 mm, at least the upper horizontal edge of said modular element intended to be placed towards the outside is shaped so as to make the line visible horizontal joint between two stacked modular elements,
- l'une au moins des arêtes verticales dudit élément modulaire destinées à être placées vers l'extérieur est conformée de manière à rendre apparente la ligne de jointure verticale entre deux éléments modulaires adjacents,at least one of the vertical edges of said modular element intended to be placed towards the outside is shaped so as to make visible the vertical line of join between two adjacent modular elements,
- ledit élément modulaire comprend une cavité en U ou en L s' étendant entre ses faces supérieure et inférieure, afin de former un élément modulaire de chaînage, les faces latérales dudit élément modulaire destinées à être placées contre des éléments modulaires adjacents sont orientées sensiblement perpendiculairement l'une à l'autre, afin de former un élément modulaire d'angle,- Said modular element comprises a U-shaped or L-shaped cavity extending between its upper and lower faces, in order to form a modular chaining element, the lateral faces of said modular element intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented substantially perpendicularly to each other, in order to form a modular corner element,
- ledit élément modulaire est réversible, c'est-à-dire sensiblement symétrique par rapport à un axe vertical passant par son centre de gravité, afin de former un élément modulaire standard,said modular element is reversible, that is to say substantially symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis passing through its center of gravity, in order to form a standard modular element,
- ledit élément modulaire est en béton hydrofugé, afin d'éviter qu'il ne s'imprègne d'eau. Grâce à ces caractéristiques, on obtient un élément modulaire permettant de construire à sec des murs ou doubles murs comportant des barrières d'étanchéité à l'eau physiques (jeu stoppant les infiltrations par capillarité) , mécaniques (géométrie stoppant les infiltrations dynamiques), et chimiques (béton hydrofugé évitant les infiltrations par imprégnation) .- said modular element is made of water-repellent concrete, in order to prevent it from being impregnated with water. Thanks to these characteristics, a modular element is obtained allowing dry construction of walls or double walls comprising physical watertight barriers (clearance preventing infiltration by capillary action), mechanical (geometry preventing infiltration dynamic), and chemical (water-repellent concrete avoiding infiltration by impregnation).
De tels murs ou doubles murs sont totalement étanches à l'eau, de sorte qu'il devient possible de s'affranchir de tout moyen de protection supplémentaire.Such walls or double walls are completely waterproof, so that it becomes possible to dispense with any additional means of protection.
D' autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre et à l'examen du dessin annexé dans lequel:Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the description which follows and on examining the appended drawing in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'un élément modulaire standard selon l'invention;- Figure 1 is a top view of a standard modular element according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue de dessus d'un élément modulaire de chaînage en U selon l'invention;- Figure 2 is a top view of a modular U-shaped chaining element according to the invention;
- la figure 3 combine une demi-vue de côté et une demi-section verticale d'un empilement de deux éléments modulaires standard et d'un élément modulaire de chaînage en U selon l'invention;- Figure 3 combines a half side view and a vertical half section of a stack of two standard modular elements and a modular U-shaped chaining element according to the invention;
- la figure 4 est une vue de dessus d' un emboîtement d'un élément modulaire standard et d'un élément modulaire d'angle gauche selon l'invention. Sur ces figures, des références numériques identiques désignent des organes ou des ensembles d'organes identiques ou analogues.- Figure 4 is a top view of a socket of a standard modular element and a modular element of left angle according to the invention. In these figures, identical reference numerals denote identical or analogous members or sets of members.
On se reporte à présent aux figures 1, 3 et 4, sur lesquelles on peut voir un élément modulaire standard S selon l'invention respectivement seul, empilé avec d'autres éléments modulaires S, C selon l'invention, et emboîté avec un élément modulaire d'angle gauche A selon l'invention.Referring now to Figures 1, 3 and 4, in which we can see a standard modular element S according to the invention respectively alone, stacked with other modular elements S, C according to the invention, and nested with an element modular left angle A according to the invention.
Cet élément modulaire standard S est sensiblement parallélépipédique et réversible, c'est-à-dire symétrique par rapport à un axe ZZ' passant par son centre de gravitéThis standard modular element S is substantially parallelepipedic and reversible, that is to say symmetrical about an axis ZZ 'passing through its center of gravity
G, et il est destiné à être positionné de sorte que cet axe soit vertical (voir figure 1) .G, and it is intended to be positioned so that this axis is vertical (see Figure 1).
Sa face supérieure la présente une plage centrale sensiblement plane 2a bordée par deux saillies longitudinales 3a, 3a' s' étendant sur toute sa longueur. Chacune de ces saillies longitudinales présente, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de l'élément modulaire, un flanc incliné lia, lia', un flanc horizontal 12a, 12a' et un flanc vertical 13a, 13a' . Les flancs inclinés lia, lia' font de préférence un angle d'environ 30° par rapport à la verticale.Its upper face has a substantially flat central area 2a bordered by two longitudinal projections 3a, 3a 'extending over its entire length. Each of these longitudinal projections has, from the outside towards the inside of the modular element, an inclined flank lia, lia ', a horizontal flank 12a, 12a' and a vertical flank 13a, 13a '. The inclined sides 11a, 11a 'preferably form an angle of about 30 ° relative to the vertical.
Ces saillies longitudinales sont reliées aux faces extérieures 15, 15' par des chanfreins optionnels 16, 16' formés dans les arêtes horizontales supérieures de l'élément modulaire.These longitudinal projections are connected to the outer faces 15, 15 'by optional chamfers 16, 16' formed in the upper horizontal edges of the modular element.
Les chanfreins optionnels 16, 16' font de préférence un angle d'environ 45° par rapport à la verticale.The optional chamfers 16, 16 'preferably make an angle of about 45 ° relative to the vertical.
La face inférieure 1b de l'élément modulaire S présente une plage centrale sensiblement plane 2b bordée par deux gorges longitudinales 3b, 3b' définissant un emboîtement complémentaire avec les saillies longitudinalesThe lower face 1b of the modular element S has a substantially flat central area 2b bordered by two longitudinal grooves 3b, 3b 'defining a complementary nesting with the longitudinal projections
3a, 3a' (voir figure 3) .3a, 3a '(see Figure 3).
Chacune de ces gorges longitudinales présente ainsi, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de l'élément modulaire, un flanc incliné 11b, 11b', un flanc horizontal 12b, 12b' et un flanc vertical 13b, 13b' .Each of these longitudinal grooves thus has, from the outside towards the inside of the modular element, an inclined flank 11b, 11b ', a horizontal flank 12b, 12b' and a vertical flank 13b, 13b '.
Ces gorges longitudinales sont reliées aux faces extérieures 15, 15' par des flancs horizontaux 17, 17' situés dans le même plan que la plage 2b. Les faces supérieure la et inférieure 1b sont conformées de sorte que lorsque deux éléments modulaires sont empilés l'un sur l'autre, leurs plages planes s'appliquent l'une contre l'autre, tandis que leurs saillies et leurs gorges longitudinales sont séparées par un jeu J, de préférence au moins égal à 2 mm.These longitudinal grooves are connected to the external faces 15, 15 ′ by horizontal flanks 17, 17 ′ situated in the same plane as the area 2b. The upper and lower faces 1b are shaped so that when two modular elements are stacked one on the other, their flat areas are pressed against each other, while their projections and their longitudinal grooves are separated by a clearance J, preferably at least equal to 2 mm.
La face supérieure la de l'élément modulaire S comporte également deux rainures horizontales 20, 20' situées au droit des flancs verticaux 13a, 13a' et s' étendant sur toute la longueur de l'élément modulaire. L'extension transversale cumulée El d'une saillie longitudinale 3a, 3a' et d'une rainure horizontale adjacente 20, 20' est sensiblement égale à l'extension transversale E2 d'une gorge 3b, 3b' . L'élément modulaire S comprend par ailleurs deux alvéoles 25, 26 qui s'étendent entre les plages 2a et 2b, et dont les parties supérieures communiquent avec les rainures horizontales 20, 20' .The upper face 1a of the modular element S also includes two horizontal grooves 20, 20 ′ located in line with the vertical sides 13a, 13a ′ and extending over the entire length of the modular element. The cumulative transverse extension E1 of a longitudinal projection 3a, 3a 'and of an adjacent horizontal groove 20, 20' is substantially equal to the transverse extension E2 of a groove 3b, 3b '. The modular element S also comprises two cells 25, 26 which extend between the areas 2a and 2b, and the upper parts of which communicate with the horizontal grooves 20, 20 '.
Ces alvéoles présentent une section sensiblement carrée à coins arrondis, le rayon de courbure R des coins étant de préférence supérieur à 35 mm (voir figure 1) .These cells have a substantially square section with rounded corners, the radius of curvature R of the corners preferably being greater than 35 mm (see FIG. 1).
Par ailleurs, comme cela est visible sur la figure 3 où l'on a représenté des demi-sections verticales de ces alvéoles, leur section diminue vers la base de l'élément modulaire.Furthermore, as can be seen in Figure 3 where there are shown vertical half-sections of these cells, their section decreases towards the base of the modular element.
Les deux alvéoles 25, 26 sont séparés par une cavité intermédiaire 30 de forme sensiblement parailélépipédique qui s'étend également entre les plages 2a et 2b et dont la partie supérieure communique aussi avec les rainures horizontales 20, 20' (voir figure 1) . De même que pour les alvéoles 25, 26, la section de cette cavité diminue vers la base de l'élément modulaire.The two cells 25, 26 are separated by an intermediate cavity 30 of substantially parailelepiped shape which also extends between the areas 2a and 2b and the upper part of which also communicates with the horizontal grooves 20, 20 '(see FIG. 1). As in the cells 25, 26, the section of this cavity decreases towards the base of the modular element.
Les faces latérales 31a, 31b de l'élément modulaire S destinées à coopérer avec des éléments modulaires adjacents présentent chacune deux plages planes 32a, 32a' , 32b, 32b' bordant une partie centrale profilée en zigzag 33a, 33b.The lateral faces 31a, 31b of the modular element S intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have two flat areas 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b' bordering a zigzag profiled central part 33a, 33b.
L'une 32a', 32b des deux plages de chacune de ces faces est reliée à une face extérieure adjacente 15', 15 par un chanfrein optionnel 36a, 36b formé dans une arête verticale de l'élément modulaire.One 32a ', 32b of the two areas of each of these faces is connected to an adjacent external face 15', 15 by an optional chamfer 36a, 36b formed in a vertical edge of the modular element.
Les faces 31a, 31b définissent un emboîtement complémentaire, et elles sont de préférence conformées de sorte que lorsque deux éléments modulaires selon l'invention sont emboîtés, leurs plages planes s'appliquent l'une contre l'autre, tandis que leurs parties en zigzag sont séparées par un jeu J' de préférence au moins égal àThe faces 31a, 31b define a complementary interlocking, and they are preferably shaped so that when two modular elements according to the invention are interlocked, their flat areas are applied one against the other, while their zigzag parts are separated by a clearance J 'preferably at least equal to
2mm (voir figure 4) .2mm (see Figure 4).
Les parties en zigzag 33a, 33b comportent chacune trois rainures verticales 40a, 40a', 40a'' et 40b, 40b', 40b'' s' étendant sur toute leur hauteur, ces rainures étant positionnées de manière à venir en vis-à-vis des rainures des éléments modulaires adjacents.The zigzag parts 33a, 33b each have three vertical grooves 40a, 40a ', 40a' 'and 40b, 40b', 40b '' extending over their entire height, these grooves being positioned so as to come opposite each other. screws of the grooves of the adjacent modular elements.
On se reporte à présent à la figure 2, sur laquelle on a représenté un élément modulaire de chaînage C en U selon l'invention, ainsi qu'à la figure 3 sur laquelle on a représenté un tel élément modulaire empilé sur deux éléments modulaires standard S.Reference is now made to FIG. 2, in which a modular chaining element C in a shape according to the invention has been shown, as well as to FIG. 3 in which such a modular element has been shown stacked on two standard modular elements. S.
Cet élément modulaire de chaînage présente les mêmes caractéristiques qu'un élément modulaire standard, à quelques différences près exposées ci-dessous.This modular chaining element has the same characteristics as a standard modular element, with some differences explained below.
Il comporte une cavité en U 150 ouverte vers le haut et s' étendant sur toute la longueur de l'élément modulaire entre ses plages supérieure 102a et inférieure 102b (voir figure 2) . Deux paires d'alvéoles étroits 125, 125' et 126, 126' s' étendant entre les plages 102a et 102b sont placées de part et d'autre de la cavité en U 150. Les parties supérieures de ces alvéoles communiquent avec les rainures horizontales 120, 120' . On se reporte à présent à la figure 4, sur laquelle on a représenté un élément modulaire d' angle gauche A selon l'invention emboîté avec un élément modulaire standard S.It comprises a U-shaped cavity 150 open upwards and extending over the entire length of the modular element between its upper 102a and lower 102b ranges (see FIG. 2). Two pairs of narrow cells 125, 125 'and 126, 126' extending between the areas 102a and 102b are placed on either side of the U-shaped cavity 150. The upper parts of these cells communicate with the horizontal grooves 120, 120 '. Referring now to Figure 4, which shows a modular element of left angle A according to the invention nested with a standard modular element S.
Cet élément modulaire d'angle présente les mêmes caractéristiques qu'un élément modulaire standard (il comprend, notamment, deux alvéoles 225, 226 et une cavité intermédiaire 230) , à quelques différences près exposées ci-dessous.This modular corner element has the same characteristics as a standard modular element (it comprises, in particular, two cells 225, 226 and an intermediate cavity 230), with a few differences which are explained below.
Les saillies longitudinales 203a, 203a' , la gorge longitudinale placée à l'intérieur de l'angle (non représentée) et les rainures horizontales 220, 220' ne s'étendent que sur la moitié environ de la longueur de l'élément modulaire.The longitudinal projections 203a, 203a ', the longitudinal groove placed inside the angle (not shown) and the horizontal grooves 220, 220' do not extend only over about half the length of the modular element.
Les faces latérales 231a, 231b destinées à être placées contre des éléments modulaires adjacents sont orientées sensiblement perpendiculairement l'une à l'autre. Les éléments modulaires décrits ci-dessus peuvent être fabriqués par moulage avec toute une gamme de matériaux couramment utilisés dans le domaine de la construction. De manière préférée, on utilisera du béton architectonique (c'est-à-dire satisfaisant à certains critères esthétiques: couleur, texture, ... ) hydrofugé.The lateral faces 231a, 231b intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented substantially perpendicular to each other. The modular elements described above can be made by molding with a range of materials commonly used in the construction field. Preferably, architectonic concrete (that is to say satisfying certain aesthetic criteria: color, texture, etc.) will be used.
Le mode de mise en oeuvre et les avantages de l'élément modulaire selon l'invention découlent directement de la description qui précède. Pour réaliser un mur ou double mur, on commence par poser une première rangée d' éléments modulaires sur un sol parfaitement horizontal, obtenu par exemple avec une dalle de béton (non représentée) .The mode of implementation and the advantages of the modular element according to the invention follow directly from the above description. To make a wall or double wall, we start by laying a first row of modular elements on a perfectly horizontal floor, obtained for example with a concrete slab (not shown).
On emboîte ces éléments modulaires les uns contre les autres grâce aux profils complémentaires de leurs faces latérales.These modular elements are fitted against each other thanks to the complementary profiles of their lateral faces.
On utilise des éléments modulaires standard pour les parties en alignement droit, et des éléments modulaires d'angle gauche ou droit pour les coins. Un fois que la première rangée d' éléments modulaires est posée, on vient superposer une seconde rangée d'éléments modulaires de manière à former un empilement droit, c'est à dire sans décalage horizontal entre les deux rangées, ou en quinconce, c'est-à-dire de sorte que les deux rangées soient décalées horizontalement d'une demi- longueur d'élément modulaire.Standard modular elements are used for the right aligned parts, and left or right angle modular elements for the corners. Once the first row of modular elements is installed, we come to superimpose a second row of modular elements so as to form a straight stack, that is to say without horizontal offset between the two rows, or staggered, it that is, so that the two rows are horizontally offset by half a length of modular element.
Le guidage et le positionnement correct des éléments modulaires de la seconde rangée est assuré par leurs gorges 3b, 3b' , qui coopèrent avec les saillies 3a, 3a' , 203a, 203a' des éléments modulaires de la première rangée. En répétant ces opérations autant de fois qu' il est nécessaire, on peut construire un mur ou double mur présentant la hauteur voulue.The correct guidance and positioning of the modular elements of the second row is ensured by their grooves 3b, 3b ', which cooperate with the projections 3a, 3a', 203a, 203a 'of the modular elements of the first row. By repeating these operations as many times as necessary, one can build a wall or double wall having the desired height.
La disposition en empilement droit ou en quinconce des rangées d' éléments modulaires a pour effet d' aligner verticalement leurs alvéoles 25, 26, 225, 226. On peut alors utiliser certaines des cheminées ainsi obtenues pour mettre en place un chaînage vertical pouvant consister, par exemple, en poteaux de béton armé ou en tirants métalliques verticaux répartis à intervalles horizontaux réguliers.The arrangement in straight or staggered stacking of rows of modular elements has the effect of vertically aligning their cells 25, 26, 225, 226. It is then possible to use some of the chimneys thus obtained to set up vertical chaining which may consist, for example, in reinforced concrete posts or vertical metal tie rods distributed at regular horizontal intervals.
Des rangées d' éléments modulaires de chaînage posées à intervalles verticaux réguliers permettent par ailleurs, grâce aux gouttières formées par l'alignement des cavités en U de ces éléments, de relier entre eux les organes de chaînage vertical, et ainsi de réaliser un chaînage horizontal.Rows of modular chaining elements placed at regular vertical intervals also allow, thanks to the gutters formed by the alignment of the U-shaped cavities of these elements, to connect the vertical chaining members together, and thus to achieve horizontal chaining .
Les propriétés d'emboîtement vertical et horizontal des éléments modulaires et le chaînage ainsi réalisé permettent d' obtenir des murs ou doubles murs extrêmement résistants, notamment aux efforts appliqués perpendiculairement à leur plan.The vertical and horizontal nesting properties of the modular elements and the chaining thus produced make it possible to obtain extremely resistant walls or double walls, in particular to the forces applied perpendicular to their plane.
Le report des charges verticales s'effectue uniquement entre les plages supérieures 2a, 102a et inférieures 2b, 102b étant données les caractéristiques géométriques décrites précédemment. Pour éviter les risques de fissuration, il faut que la planéité de ces plages soit quasi parfaite.The vertical loads are only transferred between the upper ranges 2a, 102a and lower 2b, 102b being given the geometric characteristics described above. To avoid the risks of cracking, it is necessary that the flatness of these ranges is almost perfect.
On limite par ailleurs les risques de fissuration liés au report des charges verticales grâce: - à la forme arrondie des coins des alvéoles 25, 26, 225, 226 permettant de prévenir les amorces de rupture,The risks of cracking linked to the transfer of vertical loads are also limited thanks to: - the rounded shape of the corners of the cells 25, 26, 225, 226 making it possible to prevent incipient fractures,
- au rétrécissement de ces alvéoles vers la base des éléments modulaires, permettant d'obtenir, lors de la fabrication, un démoulage sans arrachement de matière susceptible de fragiliser les éléments modulaires, - aux cavités intermédiaires 30, 230 permettant de réaliser, lors de la fabrication, un compactage plus homogène du matériau constituant les éléments modulaires, et ainsi d' éviter par la suite la concentration de contraintes dans certaines zones des éléments modulaires.- the narrowing of these cells towards the base of the modular elements, making it possible to obtain, during manufacture, a release from the mold without tearing of material capable of weakening the modular elements, - Intermediate cavities 30, 230 making it possible, during manufacture, to make more homogeneous compaction of the material constituting the modular elements, and thus to avoid subsequently the concentration of stresses in certain zones of the modular elements.
Outre le fait que l'élément modulaire selon l'invention offre une simplicité de mise en oeuvre et une robustesse remarquables, il permet de résoudre les problèmes d' étanchéité classiquement liés aux murs ou doubles murs modulaires montés à sec.In addition to the fact that the modular element according to the invention offers remarkable simplicity of implementation and robustness, it makes it possible to solve the sealing problems conventionally linked to dry modular walls or double walls.
En effet, les emboîtements complémentaires des saillies 3a, 3a', 203a, 203a' et des gorges 3b, 3b' d'une part, et des parties profilées en zigzag 33a, 33b d'autre part, permettent de former des barrières mécaniques qui s'opposent aux infiltrations dynamiques d'eau, c'est-à-dire aux infiltrations d'eau en mouvement (cas d'une pluie rabattue par le vent contre un mur ou double mur modulaire, par exemple) . A noter par ailleurs que ces barrières mécaniques permettent également de limiter sensiblement les infiltrations d'air.Indeed, the complementary sockets of the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a' and of the grooves 3b, 3b 'on the one hand, and zigzag sections 33a, 33b on the other hand, make it possible to form mechanical barriers which oppose dynamic water infiltration, that is to say moving water infiltration (in the case of rain knocked down by the wind against a modular wall or double wall, for example). Note also that these mechanical barriers also significantly limit air infiltration.
En outre, et selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, les jeux entre les saillies 3a, 3a', 203a, 203a' et les gorges 3b, 3b' d'une part, et entre les parties profilées en zigzag 33a, 33b d'autre part, permettent de réaliser des zones de séparation entre éléments modulaires dans lesquelles l'eau peut difficilement progresser par capillarité. On forme de la sorte des barrières physiques aux infiltrations d'eau.In addition, and according to an essential characteristic of the invention, the clearances between the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a' and the grooves 3b, 3b 'on the one hand, and between the zigzag sections 33a, 33b d on the other hand, make it possible to produce separation zones between modular elements in which water can hardly progress by capillary action. In this way, physical barriers to water infiltration are formed.
Il faut noter que ces jeux doivent être suffisamment importants pour éviter que l'eau puisse, grâce à sa tension superficielle, se maintenir en contact simultanément avec les parties en regard de deux éléments modulaires adjacents, et ainsi progresser par capillarité. Différents essais ont mis en évidence qu'en pratique, des jeux au moins égaux à 2mm pouvaient convenir. On notera par ailleurs que l'utilisation d'un matériau tel que du béton hydrofugé permet de limiter les infiltrations d'eau par imprégnation. On forme de la sorte aussi des barrières chimiques aux infiltrations d'eau. Etant donné que ces différentes barrières d'étanchéité agissent sur une certaine profondeur du mur ou double mur modulaire, il convient de prévoir des moyens pour récupérer l'eau à l'intérieur du mur ou double mur.It should be noted that these clearances must be large enough to prevent water from being able, thanks to its surface tension, to be kept in contact simultaneously with the parts opposite two adjacent modular elements, and thus to progress by capillarity. Different tests have shown that in practice, clearances at least equal to 2mm could be suitable. It will also be noted that the use of a material such as water-repellent concrete makes it possible to limit the infiltration of water by impregnation. This also forms chemical barriers to water infiltration. Since these different sealing barriers act on a certain depth of the modular wall or double wall, it is advisable to provide means for recovering the water inside the wall or double wall.
C'est le rôle des alvéoles 25, 26, 125, 125', 126, 126', 225, 226 et des cavités intermédiaires 30, 230 qui permettent, grâce à l'empilement droit ou en quinconce décrit plus haut, de former des cheminées d' écoulement de l'eau vers le pied du mur ou double mur.It is the role of the cells 25, 26, 125, 125 ', 126, 126', 225, 226 and the intermediate cavities 30, 230 which allow, by virtue of the straight or staggered stacking described above, to form water drainage chimneys towards the foot of the wall or double wall.
Le rétrécissement de ces alvéoles et de ces cavités vers la base des éléments modulaires permet de créer un « effet cafetière », c'est à dire d'imposer à l'eau un cheminement plaqué contre les deux parois des dièdres aigus formés par les bords inférieurs de ces alvéoles et de ces cavités, et d'éviter ainsi qu'elle ne retourne par capillarité entre les plages planes d'éléments modulaires de rangées inférieures.The narrowing of these cells and of these cavities towards the base of the modular elements makes it possible to create a "coffee-maker effect", that is to say to impose on the water a path pressed against the two walls of the acute dihedra formed by the edges. lower of these cells and these cavities, and thus prevent it from returning by capillarity between the flat areas of modular elements of lower rows.
Outre le fait que les rainures horizontales 20, 20' , 120, 120', 220, 220' et verticales 40a, 40a', 40a", 40b, 40b', 40b'' forment des obstacles supplémentaires aux infiltrations horizontales et verticales d'eau, elles permettent de canaliser l'eau vers les alvéoles 25, 26, 125, 125', 126, 126', 225, 226 et vers les cavités intermédiaires 30, 230.In addition to the fact that the horizontal grooves 20, 20 ', 120, 120', 220, 220 'and vertical 40a, 40a', 40a ", 40b, 40b ', 40b' 'form additional obstacles to the horizontal and vertical infiltration of water, they make it possible to channel the water to the cells 25, 26, 125, 125 ', 126, 126', 225, 226 and to the intermediate cavities 30, 230.
Par ailleurs, on doit garder à l'esprit le fait que les éléments modulaires selon l'invention sont prioritairement destinés à rester visibles, de l'extérieur au moins. Ainsi, les facteurs contribuant à leur qualité esthétique sont primordiaux.Furthermore, it should be borne in mind that the modular elements according to the invention are primarily intended to remain visible, from the outside at least. Thus, the factors contributing to their aesthetic quality are essential.
Les chanfreins optionnels horizontaux 16, 16' et verticaux 36a, 36b permettent de souligner les lignes de jointure entre les éléments modulaires, et ainsi de créer un rythme visuel sur les murs ou doubles murs construits .The optional horizontal chamfers 16, 16 'and vertical 36a, 36b allow to emphasize the lines of join between the modular elements, and thus create a visual rhythm on the walls or double walls built.
L'utilisation de béton architectonique permet d'adapter l'aspect extérieur des murs ou doubles murs aux contraintes architecturales des lieux où elles doivent être construites.The use of architectural concrete makes it possible to adapt the exterior appearance of walls or double walls to the architectural constraints of the places where they are to be built.
Enfin, on pourra noter qu'outre le fait que les jeuxFinally, we can note that in addition to the fact that the games
(J; J' ) décrits ci-dessus permettent de résoudre les problèmes d'étanchéité des murs ou doubles murs modulaires, ils permettent par ailleurs d' améliorer le comportement de ces murs ou doubles murs dans certaines situations de sinistres.(J; J ') described above make it possible to solve the sealing problems of modular walls or double walls, they also make it possible to improve the behavior of these walls or double walls in certain disaster situations.
En cas d'incendie par exemple, ces jeux permettent d'absorber la dilatation des éléments modulaires liée à une forte élévation de température, et ainsi d'éviter leur claquement .In the event of a fire, for example, these games make it possible to absorb the expansion of the modular elements linked to a sharp rise in temperature, and thus to avoid their clicking.
En cas de séisme, ces jeux permettent d'absorber une partie de l'énergie transmise au mur ou double mur par le sol, et ainsi d'éviter sa ruine prématurée. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté, qui a été fourni à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif.In the event of an earthquake, these games allow part of the energy transmitted to the wall or double wall to be absorbed by the ground, and thus to prevent its premature ruin. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown, which has been provided by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example.
En particulier, l'invention s'étend à d'autres éléments modulaires spécifiques nécessaires pour la réalisation d'élément singuliers, tels que les demi- éléments modulaires pour réaliser les tours de fenêtres, les éléments modulaires de chaînage en L pour réaliser les planchers, etc. In particular, the invention extends to other specific modular elements necessary for the production of singular elements, such as the modular half-elements to make the window towers, the modular L-shaped chaining elements to make the floors. , etc.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) de mur ou double mur pour montage à sec, caractérisé en ce que certaines au moins (la, lb; 31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) de ses faces destinées à coopérer avec des éléments modulaires adjacents présentent des parties de contact (2a, 2b; 32a, 32a', 32b, 32b'; 102a, 102b) destinées à s'appliquer contre lesdits éléments modulaires adjacents, et des parties de séparation (3a, 3a', 3b, 3b'; 33a, 33b; 203a, 203a') destinées à rester séparées par un jeu (J; J' ) desdits éléments modulaires adjacents, ce jeu (J; J' ) étant suffisamment grand pour limiter -voire éliminer- les infiltrations d'eau par capillarité.1. Modular element (S; C; A) of wall or double wall for dry mounting, characterized in that at least some (la, lb; 31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) of its faces intended to cooperate with elements adjacent modules have contact parts (2a, 2b; 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b'; 102a, 102b) intended to be applied against said adjacent modular elements, and separation parts (3a, 3a ', 3b, 3b '; 33a, 33b; 203a, 203a') intended to remain separated by a clearance (J; J ') of said adjacent modular elements, this clearance (J; J') being large enough to limit - or even eliminate - infiltration of by capillary action.
2. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ses faces supérieure (la) et inférieure (lb) présentent chacune au moins une partie de contact conformée en plage sensiblement plane (2a; 102a) et une partie de séparation conformée respectivement en saillie (3a, 3a'; 203a, 203a') et en gorge (3b, 3b') longitudinales définissant un emboîtement complémentaire, lesdites plages planes (2a; 102a) étant destinées à assurer le report vertical des charges à travers ledit élément modulaire (S; C; A) et lesdites saillie (3a, 3a'; 203a, 203a') et gorge (3b, 3b') longitudinales étant destinées à limiter -voire à éliminer- les infiltrations horizontales d'eau par capillarité, ainsi qu'à assurer le guidage dudit élément modulaire (S; C; A) lors du montage, à le maintenir en place une fois qu'il est monté, et à former une barrière mécanique aux infiltrations horizontales dynamiques d'eau et d'air.2. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 1, characterized in that its upper (la) and lower (lb) faces each have at least one contact part shaped as a substantially planar surface (2a; 102a) and a separation part shaped respectively in projection (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and in groove (3b, 3b ') longitudinal defining a complementary nesting, said flat areas (2a; 102a) being intended to ensure the vertical transfer of loads through said modular element (S; C; A) and said projection (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and longitudinal groove (3b, 3b ') being intended to limit - or even eliminate - horizontal infiltration of water by capillary action, as well as guiding said modular element (S; C; A) during assembly, keeping it in place once it is assembled, and forming a mechanical barrier to dynamic horizontal infiltration of water and air.
3. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdites saillie (3a, 3a' ; 203βττ 203a') et gorge (3b, 3b') longitudinales présentent, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur dudit élément modulaire, au moins un flanc (lia, lia', 11b, 11b') incliné par rapport à la verticale, un flanc horizontal (12a, 12a', 12b, 12b') et un flanc vertical (13a, 13a', 13b, 13b').3. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 2, characterized in that said projection (3a, 3a '; 203βττ 203a') and groove (3b, 3b ') have longitudinal, from the outside to the inside of said modular element, at least one sidewall (lia, lia ', 11b, 11b') inclined relative to vertical, a horizontal flank (12a, 12a ', 12b, 12b') and a vertical flank (13a, 13a ', 13b, 13b').
4. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit flanc incliné (lia, lia', 11b, 11b') fait un angle d'environ 30° par rapport à la verticale.4. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 3, characterized in that said inclined flank (lia, lia ', 11b, 11b') makes an angle of about 30 ° relative to the vertical.
5. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un alvéole (25, 26; 125, 125', 126, 126'; 225, 226) s' étendant entre ses faces supérieure (la) et inférieure (lb), afin d'imposer un cheminement vertical aux éventuelles infiltrations d'eau, ainsi que d'alléger ledit élément modulaire (S; C; A) .5. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one cell (25, 26; 125, 125 ', 126, 126'; 225, 226) extending between its upper (la) and lower (lb) faces, in order to impose a vertical path on possible water infiltration, as well as to lighten said modular element (S; C; A).
6. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite face supérieure (la) comporte au moins une rainure horizontale (20, 20' ; 120, 120'; 220, 220') s' étendant suivant sa longueur et communiquant avec ledit alvéole (25, 26; 125, 125', 126, 126'; 225, 226), afin de former un obstacle supplémentaire aux infiltrations horizontales d'eau et de canaliser celles-ci vers ledit alvéole.6. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 5, characterized in that said upper face (la) comprises at least one horizontal groove (20, 20 '; 120, 120'; 220, 220 ') s' extending along its length and communicating with said cell (25, 26; 125, 125 ', 126, 126'; 225, 226), in order to form an additional obstacle to horizontal water infiltration and to channel these towards said cell .
7. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon la revendication 6 lorsqu'elle dépend de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite rainure horizontale (20, 20'; 120, 120'; 220, 220') est adjacente à ladite saillie longitudinale (3a, 3a' ; 203a, 203a' ) , afin de stopper les éventuelles infiltrations d'eau aussi près que possible de l'extérieur dudit élément modulaire (S; C; A) .7. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 6 when it depends on claim 2, characterized in that said horizontal groove (20, 20 '; 120, 120'; 220, 220 ') is adjacent to said longitudinal projection (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a'), in order to stop any water infiltration as close as possible to the outside of said modular element (S; C; A).
8. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'extension transversale cumulée8. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 7, characterized in that the cumulative transverse extension
(El) de ladite saillie longitudinale (3a, 3a'; 203a, 203a') et de ladite rainure horizontale (20, 20' ; 120, 120' ; 220^ 220') est sensiblement égale à l'extension transversale(El) of said longitudinal projection (3a, 3a '; 203a, 203a') and of said horizontal groove (20, 20 '; 120, 120'; 220 ^ 220 ') is substantially equal to the transverse extension
(E2) de ladite gorge longitudinale (3b, 3b'). (E2) of said longitudinal groove (3b, 3b ').
9. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la section dudit alvéole (25, 26; 125, 125', 126, 126'; 225, 226) diminue vers la base dudit élément modulaire, afin de faciliter son démoulage lors de la fabrication et de permettre le cheminement de l'eau par « effet cafetière ».9. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the section of said cell (25, 26; 125, 125 ', 126, 126'; 225, 226) decreases towards the base of said modular element, in order to facilitate its release from the mold during manufacture and to allow the flow of water by "coffee maker effect".
10. Elément modulaire (S; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit alvéole (25, 26) présente une section sensiblement rectangulaire à coins arrondis, afin de prévenir les amorces de rupture.10. Modular element (S; A) according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that said cell (25, 26) has a substantially rectangular section with rounded corners, in order to prevent incipient fractures.
11. Elément modulaire (S; A) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le rayon de courbure (R) des coins dudit alvéole (25, 26) est supérieur à 35 mm. 11. Modular element (S; A) according to claim 10, characterized in that the radius of curvature (R) of the corners of said cell (25, 26) is greater than 35 mm.
12. Elément modulaire (S; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux alvéoles (25, 26; 225, 226) disposés de manière à pouvoir constituer des cheminées d' évacuation d' eau dans un empilement droit ou en quinconce, et à permettre éventuellement la mise en place d'organes de chaînage vertical.12. Modular element (S; A) according to any one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that it comprises two cells (25, 26; 225, 226) arranged so as to be able to constitute evacuation chimneys d 'water in a straight stack or staggered, and possibly allow the establishment of vertical chaining members.
13. Elément modulaire (S; A) selon la revendication 12 lorsqu'elle dépend de la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdits deux alvéoles (25, 26; 225, 226) sont séparés par une cavité intermédiaire (30; 230) communiquant avec ladite rainure horizontale (20, 20' ) , afin de permettre un compactage plus homogène du matériau constituant ledit élément modulaire (S; A) lors de la fabrication, et afin de former une cheminée d'évacuation d'eau supplémentaire. 13. Modular element (S; A) according to claim 12 when it depends on claim 6, characterized in that said two cells (25, 26; 225, 226) are separated by an intermediate cavity (30; 230) communicating with said horizontal groove (20, 20 '), in order to allow more homogeneous compaction of the material constituting said modular element (S; A) during manufacture, and in order to form an additional water evacuation chimney.
14. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ses faces latérales (31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) destinées à coopérer avec des éléments modulaires adjacents présentent chacune au moins une plage sensiblement plane (32a, 32a', 32b, 32b') et une partie profilée en zigzag (33a, 33b) définissant un emboîtement complémentaire, afin d'assurer le guidage dudit élément modulaire (S; C; A) lors du montage, de le maintenir en place une fois qu'il est monté, et de former une barrière mécanique aux infiltrations verticales dynamiques d'eau et d'air.14. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its lateral faces (31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have at least one range substantially flat (32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b') and a zigzag profiled part (33a, 33b) defining a complementary interlocking, in order to guide said modular element (S; C; A) during assembly, to keep it in place once it is assembled, and to form a mechanical barrier to dynamic vertical infiltration of water and air.
15. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que lesdites plages planes (32a, 32a' , 32b, 32b' ) constituent des parties de contact et en ce que lesdites parties profilées en zigzag (33a, 33b) constituent des parties de séparation pour former un jeu (J' ) destiné à limiter -voire à éliminer- les infiltrations verticales d'eau par capillarité.15. Modular element (S; C; A) according to claim 14, characterized in that said flat areas (32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b') constitute contact parts and in that said zigzag sections (33a , 33b) constitute parts of separation to form a clearance (J ') intended to limit - or even eliminate - the vertical infiltrations of water by capillarity.
16. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 ou 15, caractérisé en ce que lesdites faces latérales (31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) comportent des rainures verticales (40a, 40a', 40a", 40b, 40b', 40b") s' étendant sur toute leur hauteur, afin de former un obstacle supplémentaire aux infiltrations verticales d' eau et de canaliser celles-ci vers la base dudit élément modulaire (S; C; A) .16. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that said lateral faces (31a, 31b; 231a, 231b) have vertical grooves (40a, 40a ', 40a " , 40b, 40b ', 40b ") extending over their entire height, in order to form an additional obstacle to vertical water infiltration and to channel it towards the base of said modular element (S; C; A).
17. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est conformé de sorte que ledit jeu (J; J' ) entre parties de séparation soit au moins égal à 2 mm. 17. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is shaped so that said clearance (J; J ') between separation parts is at least equal to 2 mm .
18. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins son arête horizontale supérieure (16) destinée à être placée vers l'extérieur est conformée de manière à rendre apparente la ligne de jointure horizontale entre deux éléments modulaires empilés.18. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least its upper horizontal edge (16) intended to be placed towards the outside is shaped so as to make the visible horizontal joint line between two stacked modular elements.
19. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'une au moins de ses arêtes verticales (36a, 36b) destinées à être placées vers l'extérieur est conformée de manière à rendre apparente la ligne de jointure verticale entre deux éléments modulaires adjacents.19. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of its vertical edges (36a, 36b) intended to be placed towards the outside is shaped so at make visible the vertical joint line between two adjacent modular elements.
20. Elément modulaire (C) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une cavité en U (150) ou en L s' étendant entre ses faces supérieure et inférieure, afin de former un élément modulaire de chaînage.20. Modular element (C) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a U-shaped (150) or L-shaped cavity extending between its upper and lower faces, in order to form a modular element of chaining.
21. Elément modulaire (A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ses faces latérales (231a, 231b) destinées à être placées contre des éléments modulaires adjacents sont orientées sensiblement perpendiculairement l'une à l'autre, afin de former un élément modulaire d'angle.21. Modular element (A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its lateral faces (231a, 231b) intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented substantially perpendicular to one another, so to form a modular corner element.
22. Elément modulaire (S) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réversible, c'est-à-dire sensiblement symétrique par rapport à un axe vertical (ZZ' ) passant par son centre de gravité (G), afin de former un élément modulaire standard.22. Modular element (S) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it is reversible, that is to say substantially symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis (ZZ ') passing through its center of gravity (G), in order to form a standard modular element.
23. Elément modulaire (S; C; A) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est en béton hydrofugé, afin d'éviter qu'il ne s'imprègne d' eau.23. Modular element (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is made of water-repellent concrete, in order to prevent it from being impregnated with water.
24. Mur ou double mur, caractérisé en ce qu'il est composé d'éléments modulaires (S; C; A) conformes à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 24. Wall or double wall, characterized in that it is composed of modular elements (S; C; A) according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP99964750A 1998-12-31 1999-12-31 Modular wall or double wall element for dry assembly Expired - Lifetime EP1060311B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9816715 1998-12-31
FR9816715A FR2788072B1 (en) 1998-12-31 1998-12-31 MODULAR WALL OR DOUBLE WALL ELEMENT FOR DRY MOUNTING
PCT/FR1999/003326 WO2000040817A1 (en) 1998-12-31 1999-12-31 Modular wall or double wall element for dry assembly

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EP1060311A1 true EP1060311A1 (en) 2000-12-20
EP1060311B1 EP1060311B1 (en) 2005-10-12

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JP (1) JP2002534623A (en)
KR (1) KR20010088278A (en)
CN (1) CN1218101C (en)
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FR2858344B1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2007-05-11 Pierre Clement BLOCK FOR BIO CLIMATIC WALL.
FR2991353B1 (en) * 2012-06-05 2016-07-01 Jean Yves Moulin BUILDING BRICK FOR DRY INSTALLATION
KR101769452B1 (en) 2015-05-27 2017-08-18 삼표피앤씨 주식회사 Method for coupling a between the double wall Precast Concrete
KR101897590B1 (en) 2016-01-21 2018-09-12 삼표피앤씨 주식회사 Construction structure for preventing the leaks using double wall PCs

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WO1980002301A1 (en) * 1979-04-23 1980-10-30 Interbloc Masonry Units Ltd Improved building block and structures formed therewith
FR2643099B1 (en) * 1989-02-16 1992-08-28 Essbloc Sa BUILDING BLOCK WITH DRY ASSEMBLY AND BUILDING BUILDING USING SUCH BLOCKS

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Title
See references of WO0040817A1 *

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BR9908417A (en) 2000-10-31
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KR20010088278A (en) 2001-09-26
ATE306593T1 (en) 2005-10-15
AU3050000A (en) 2000-07-24
JP2002534623A (en) 2002-10-15
EP1060311B1 (en) 2005-10-12
FR2788072A1 (en) 2000-07-07
PL342821A1 (en) 2001-07-02
FR2788072B1 (en) 2001-05-11
ES2255326T3 (en) 2006-06-16
CN1218101C (en) 2005-09-07
DE69927676T2 (en) 2006-07-20
WO2000040817A1 (en) 2000-07-13
CN1295639A (en) 2001-05-16

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