EP0190076B1 - Building block and associated connection element - Google Patents

Building block and associated connection element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190076B1
EP0190076B1 EP19860400131 EP86400131A EP0190076B1 EP 0190076 B1 EP0190076 B1 EP 0190076B1 EP 19860400131 EP19860400131 EP 19860400131 EP 86400131 A EP86400131 A EP 86400131A EP 0190076 B1 EP0190076 B1 EP 0190076B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
insert
vertical
cavity
recess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19860400131
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0190076A1 (en
Inventor
Yannick Cruaud
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8501249A external-priority patent/FR2578277B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8516620A external-priority patent/FR2589501B2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT86400131T priority Critical patent/ATE53880T1/en
Publication of EP0190076A1 publication Critical patent/EP0190076A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0190076B1 publication Critical patent/EP0190076B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/026—Splittable building elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to building blocks commonly called concrete blocks obtained by molding concrete of heavy or light aggregates, assembled dry, with offset joints.
  • the subject of the present invention is an assembly composed of a concrete block and a keying and shutter insert making it possible to meet the positioning and stability requirements during and after dry mounting of a construction work, such than a wall for example, as well as after the connection with complementary elements such as the frame for example, while reducing the thicknesses of a rough wall and consequently the consumption of materials for the prefabrication and the implementation .
  • Another object of the invention consists in adapting the length and width of the constructions to a given pitch, the basic concrete block being breakable, said constructions being able to be stiffened by a reinforcement of poured concrete at a given interval corresponding to a multiple of the not in the vertically aligned block recesses, the other recesses which can be used as sheaths for the passage through the wall thickness of the water supply pipes for sanitary appliances, the downspouts for rainwater as well as the electric or telephone cables.
  • Another object of the invention is to be able to produce a horizontal chaining without having to fill the recesses not concerned with concrete, as well as a framework of reinforced concrete at the periphery windows, that is to say the tables and lintels thereof.
  • Another object of the invention is to ensure the recovery of runoff water and the drainage thereof on the buried parts.
  • the positive connecting and closing member consists of an insert in one or more parts which fits into one of the cutouts and one of the recesses of the upper and lower seat faces and / or into the cutouts. and recesses of the transverse walls of the blocks to ensure positioning stability during mounting and after mounting, as well as the closure at the end of the wall.
  • the assembly according to the invention consists of a base block and a keying and shutter insert.
  • the base block 1 of parallelepiped shape which does not fully represent the object of the invention, not comprising the cutouts 27 and the recesses 28 according to claim 1, comprises on its upper horizontal face at least one longitudinal groove 2 or generally trapezoidal section groove arranged parallel to the longitudinal median axis of said upper face and ending at each of its ends.
  • This groove is intended to recover runoff water as well as to act as a decompression groove, preferably it is located on the exterior facade of the block.
  • cutouts 4 intended to receive the keying and obturation inserts and which communicate with an interior recess 5 of the block, opening onto the lower horizontal face of the block.
  • These recesses 5 have a horizontal cross section of regular polygonal shape, equilateral triangle, square, hexagon or the like.
  • each cutout 4 of the upper seat face with respect to the corresponding interior recess is such that the edges of said cutout are connected with the corresponding edges of the end of said recess on the lower seat face by slightly inclined planes forming a draft.
  • said edge 4a of each cutout 4 running along the recovery groove 2 the thickness of the longitudinal wall of the block being greater at the level of this groove, said edge 4a comprises, over a small height, a substantially vertical sidewall connecting with the inclined plane of the recess forming a draft by means of an oblique shoulder. Therefore, the shape of the cutout 4 is similar to the regular polygonal shape of the corresponding recess 5 but truncated along a plane parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the groove.
  • Each block comprises, by way of separation between the contiguous recesses 5, transverse partitions 6 in the thickness of which is provided a recess 7 arranged transversely with respect to the length of the block.
  • This oblong-shaped recess in the transverse direction of the block is of shorter length at the upper face than at the lower face while retaining substantially the same width, the ends of the two sections being connected by means an oblique shoulder.
  • the profile of the cross section of such a recess corresponds substantially to that of a recess 5 surmounted by the cutout 4.
  • These recesses 7 are intended on the one hand to house a vertical mechanical connection member such as a bolt for the fixing of a structural element, such as a sandblast failure for example, on the upper seat blocks of a wall and on the other hand to make the basic block breakable, in elements corresponding to the module m or multiples of the module.
  • a vertical mechanical connection member such as a bolt for the fixing of a structural element, such as a sandblast failure for example
  • each block each have a vertical groove Sa and a vertical tongue 8b intended to ensure vertical sealing and to provide means for connecting and positioning the vertical faces of two contiguous blocks. They are arranged in such a way that the two grooves and the two tongues of the same block are located near the diagonally opposite angles of the block, the grooves and tongues adjoining the external facade of the block being located in the vertical plane passing through the axis of the groove 2 for recovering runoff water, the latter being able to be evacuated vertically by the clearance existing at the bottom of the groove-tongue assembly at each end of the block.
  • the longest vertical faces comprise opposite the ends of each recess 7 and in conjugation with this a vertical groove 9 of generally trapezoidal shape intended to make said blocks breakable , without prior tracing.
  • Alternative embodiments of the base block 1 are designed to produce on the one hand a lintel block and / or chaining and on the other hand an adaptation block, these two variants differing respectively from the basic block by their internal structure, or by their height dimension, their external appearance being strictly identical to that of the base block.
  • the interior 5 and transverse recesses 7 are placed in communication so as to constitute a single recess extending over the entire length of the block and opening at each end thereof by a cutout of dimensions substantially smaller than those of the cross section of a recess 5 or 7, the upper horizontal edge of said cutout being located below the level of the shoulder or chamfer for communication of the cutouts 4 of the face of upper seat with the recess 5.
  • Such an arrangement allows the metal frame of the lintel or the chaining to be put in place before the concrete is poured. This can be facilitated by an intercommunication of the cutouts 4 of the central modules of the block.
  • the so-called adaptation block is a block comprising interior 5 and transverse recesses 7, but the height of which is sub-multiple of the height of the base block 1; the transverse partition walls 6 in the thickness of which the transverse recesses 7 are situated, have their lower horizontal edge situated a few millimeters above the lower face of the seat of the block so as to allow the accommodation of the head height a connecting bolt for example.
  • Another alternative embodiment of the basic block consists of a block identical to this one but of which at least one of the ends is of semi-cylindrical shape with a vertical axis corresponding to the axis of an interior recess 5.
  • This type of block in association with a basic block allows to make dihedrons of any angle and obtaining walls of various shapes.
  • All these blocks are molded according to the conventional process on an automatic press fitted with a sheet metal puller on which the mold base is fixed, the mold release being carried out automatically on wooden pallets, an operation followed by passage through a conventional oven.
  • each of these at least one keying and obturation insert that is to say an attached member intended on the one hand to ensure mounting and after mounting an exact longitudinal and transverse positioning of the blocks and on the other hand closing off certain recesses 5 of the base blocks to limit at the time of casting the volume of concrete necessary for the production of horizontal lintels or chaining from the corresponding blocks.
  • This insert is produced according to a shouldered cylindrical element 20 comprising in superposition a lower part 20a and an upper part 20b.
  • the lower part 20a of diameter corresponding to the circle inscribed in the theoretical regular polygonal cutout 4 comprises a vertical flat 20c located at a distance from the axis of the insetelle that said lower part 20a fits in the cutout 4 of the block according to a portage of said flat on the edge 4a of the cutout parallel to the recovery groove 2 and according to a portage of the rollover 20a according to a generatrix thereof on each of the other sides of the cutout.
  • Such an arrangement allows only one position of the insert in the cutout 4 to achieve the vertical alignment of the blocks during the production of a structure.
  • the upper part 20b of the insert projecting relative to the upper seat surface fits into the recess 5 of the block placed immediately above by carrying the roll 20b according to a generator thereof on each of the walls internal of said recess.
  • the insert can be arranged so that the carrying of the flat 20c is carried out on the edge of the cutout 4 opposite the edge 4a: this positioning allows the construction of works bracing or buttresses.
  • the insert 20 can be produced by injection, casting, thermoforming, stamping, machining or the like, of an elastically deformable material or not; thus the insert can respectively be formed in a solid form of expanded polystyrene, fig. 5 and 6, or in a hollow form, fig. 4, of sufficiently thick wall to ensure good mechanical strength combined with a certain elasticity. Either of these versions must allow the insert to be forced into the cutouts and recesses of the block, in order to obtain a stable connection, while allowing the deformation necessary to compensate for the dimensional variations due to the wear of the molds.
  • the upper part 20b of the insert is slightly frustoconical; this taper or undercut allows better carrying of the insert on the internal inclined walls of the recess 5, the contact being no longer punctual but linear according to a generatrix of this upper part.
  • the insert can have a lodge in its center blind blind, the depth of which being such that it leaves a small thickness of material easily punctured at any time by punching using a metal bar for the passage of a wiring for example.
  • the insert can, for each horizontal row of blocks, be generally arranged in a pitch corresponding to the number of recesses 5 so as to leave alternately at least one free recess, for the vertical passage of ducts, wiring, piping or for pouring vertical chains; it can be arranged at a pitch corresponding to the module m, in particular on the last upper seat to serve as a shutter for the vertical recesses of the elements thereof before the installation of the blocks serving as formwork for the lintels or the horizontal chaining.
  • the diameter of the positioning insert intended to be housed in the cutout 4 becomes too large, it can be envisaged to produce this in the form of a shouldered crown 20e of the same external configuration and comprising an internal bore of shape and dimensions combined with those of the current insert 20 so as to be able to accommodate the latter in said bore each time it is necessary to close the recess of the block carrying said crown.
  • This arrangement has the advantage of reducing the amount of material used to obtain the crown as a positioning device and facilitating the passage of the filling concrete and finally allowing the threading of pipes of larger diameter compared to the section obtained by punching the central part of the current insert.
  • the insert also comprises, arranged along a diameter parallel to the flat 20c, a breakable groove 20f making it possible to split the insert into two half-parts.
  • Figures 8, 9 and 10 show an alternative embodiment of the block comprising one or two recesses 24 framed at the ends by two recess portions 25 opening onto the outside, the dimensions of which are complementary: vertical cutting grooves 26 of section trapezoidal or triangular are provided on the longitudinal vertical faces of the block opposite each of the vertical faces of the partition walls of the block.
  • vertical cutting grooves 26 of section trapezoidal or triangular are provided on the longitudinal vertical faces of the block opposite each of the vertical faces of the partition walls of the block.
  • the transverse partitions 6 each comprise two cutouts 27 arranged symmetrically in opposition in the upper and lower parts of said partitions, the horizontal axis of said cutouts lying in the plane of the upper and lower seat of the block.
  • Each cutout is interrupted at mid-length in the longitudinal direction of the block by a transverse recess 28.
  • the shape and dimensions of the cutouts 27 are determined to position the insert 20, in a vertical position, the rolling 20a of the part bottom of said insert resting on one or the other of the cutouts 27, the upper part 20b of the insert being part of said transverse recess 28.
  • the cutouts 27 and the recesses 28 are of semi-circular shape.
  • the insert may, by producing in a single block or by assembling two removable parts, include two rolls 20g of diameter equivalent to the diameter of the upper part 20b of an insert current and a rollover 20h located between the two rollings 20g of diameter equivalent to the diameter of the lower part 20a of said current insert and comprising a flat 20j.
  • a block the thickness of which corresponds to 3 p, and in which the thickness of the longitudinal walls is greater, these may comprise, along a vertical plane passing through the axis of the recovery groove 2, a succession of longitudinal recesses 29 opening onto the upper and lower seat faces, allowing vertical drainage.
  • This block also includes the grooves and vertical tongues 8a-8b, over the thickness of the longitudinal walls framing the recess portions as well as a groove 2 for recovering runoff and condensation water.
  • the insert placed in a vertical position allows, by punching its central housing, the passage of reinforcement bars or well aligned cables.
  • the invention can be applied to the construction of all buildings for residential or industrial use, cellars and swimming pools as well as in the environmental field for the production of low walls, fences, planters, urban or other furniture; the invention may also have an application in the toy field for making construction games.

Description

La présente invention concerne les blocs de construction communément appelés parpaings obtenus par moulage de béton de granulats lourds ou légers, s'assemblant à-sec, à joints décalés.The present invention relates to building blocks commonly called concrete blocks obtained by molding concrete of heavy or light aggregates, assembled dry, with offset joints.

Il est connu de nombreuses réalisations de ce type de blocs dont la conception a eu pour but principal celui de supprimer l'opération qui consistait à interposer entre les lignes horizontales de blocs, ainsi qu'entre deux blocs d'une même rangée, un mortier destiné à assurer la liaison et l'étanchéité entre les blocs. Ce mode de liaison ne pouvant assurer une stabilité de positionnement sous l'effet d'une poussée latérale importante, la quasi totalité des solutions proposées utilisent tant sur les faces d'assise supérieure et inférieure, que sur les faces verticales d'extrémité des moyens d'emboîtement conjugués en saillie et en creux associés dans certains cas à des moyens de positionnement impératifs permettant au plus deux possibilités d'assemblage de blocs entre eux soit en ligne, soit perpendiculairement; dans certains cas, ces moyens impliquent une seule possibilité d'assemblage. De par la présence de ces moyens d'emboitement incorporés, le moulage des blocs sur presse classique est très compliqué; des matériels spéciaux complémentaires pour le démoulage des emboitements sont nécessairement annexés à l'équipement des presses; de plus, la précision de fabrication élevée et les tolérances dimensionnelles serrées contribuent à accroitre considérablement les coûts de fabrication, annulant les avantages économiques de la pose à sec. D'autre part, dans ce type de blocs à système d'emboitement incorporé, aucun réglage longitudinal ou transversal des blocs n'est possible en raison de la position immuable des emboitements. De plus, en raison de l'usure progressive des moules, les dimensions en longueur et en largeur des blocs moulés s'accroissent, d'où il résulte une modification du pas des emboitements de part et d'autre des joints, rendant impossible le montage à joint décalé d'un rang sur l'autre, dès que l'accroissement dimensionnel des blocs dû à l'usure devient égal ou supérieur à la tolérance de l'assemblage.Numerous embodiments of this type of block are known, the main purpose of which was to design the operation which consisted in interposing between the horizontal lines of blocks, as well as between two blocks of the same row, a mortar intended to ensure the connection and sealing between the blocks. Since this connection method cannot ensure positioning stability under the effect of a significant lateral thrust, almost all of the solutions proposed use both on the upper and lower seat faces and on the vertical end faces of the means. interlocking projection and recessed conjugate associated in some cases with imperative positioning means allowing at most two possibilities of assembling blocks together either in line or perpendicularly; in some cases, these means imply only one possibility of assembly. Due to the presence of these incorporated interlocking means, the molding of the blocks on a conventional press is very complicated; additional special materials for removing molds from the molds are necessarily attached to the press equipment; moreover, the high manufacturing precision and the tight dimensional tolerances contribute to considerably increase the manufacturing costs, canceling out the economic advantages of dry laying. On the other hand, in this type of blocks with incorporated interlocking system, no longitudinal or transverse adjustment of the blocks is possible due to the immutable position of the interlockings. In addition, due to the progressive wear of the molds, the length and width dimensions of the molded blocks increase, which results in a modification of the pitch of the sockets on either side of the joints, making it impossible to joint mounting offset from one row to the other, as soon as the dimensional increase of the blocks due to wear becomes equal to or greater than the tolerance of the assembly.

On connaît également, décrit dans le document US-3 325 956, un ensemble constitué d'un bloc de construction moulé et d'un organe de liaison positive et d'obturation réalisés séparément permettant, en association, la réalisation d'ouvrages tels que murs de bâtiments, murets de clôture ou autres, par assemblage à sec, à joints décalés ou non. Le bloc, de forme parallélépipédique, du genre comportant des évidements internes débouchant sur chaque face d'assise horizontale supérieure et inférieure et séparés par des cloisons transversales, comporte:

  • sur ses faces d'assise supérieure et inférieure respectivement des découpures et des évidements communiquant verticalement, destinés à permettre l'implantation dudit organe de liaison de forme et de dimension conjuguées;
  • l'organe de liaison positive et d'obturation est constitué d'un insert s'ajustant dans l'une des découpures et l'un des évidements des faces d'assise supérieure et inférieure pour assurer une stabilité de positionnement en cours de montage et après montage.
Also known, described in document US-3,325,956, an assembly consisting of a molded building block and a positive connection and shutter member produced separately allowing, in association, the construction of works such as walls of buildings, low walls or others, by dry assembly, with staggered joints or not. The block, of parallelepipedal shape, of the kind comprising internal recesses opening onto each upper and lower horizontal seat face and separated by transverse partitions, comprises:
  • on its upper and lower seat faces, respectively, vertically communicating cutouts and recesses, intended to allow the implantation of said connecting member of conjugate shape and size;
  • the positive connecting and closing member consists of an insert that fits into one of the cutouts and one of the recesses in the upper and lower seat faces to ensure positioning stability during assembly and after mounting.

La présente invention a pour objet un ensemble composé d'un bloc parpaing et d'un insert de clavetage et d'obturation permettant de satisfaire aux exigences de positionnement et de stabilité en cours et après montage à sec d'un ouvrage de construction, tel qu'un mur par exemple, ainsi qu'après la liaison avec des éléments complémentaires tels que la charpente par exemple, tout en diminuant les épaisseurs d'un mur brut et par conséquent la consommation de matériaux à la préfabrication et à la mise en oeuvre. Un autre but de l'invention consiste à adapter la longueur et la largeur des constructions à un pas donné, le bloc parpaing de base étant sécable, lesdites constructions pouvant être rigidifiées par une armature de béton coulé à un intervalle donné correspondant à un multiple du pas dans les évidements des blocs, alignés verticalement, les autres évidements pouvant être utilisés à titre de gaines pour le passage dans l'épaisseur du mur des tuyauteries d'alimentation en eau des appareils sanitaires, des tuyaux de descente des eaux pluviales ainsi que les câbles électriques ou téléphoniques. Ces mêmes évidements peuvent permettre la réalisation d'isolation thermique ou acoustique: un autre but de l'invention est de pouvoir réaliser un chainage horizontal sans avoir à remplir de béton les évidements non concernés, ainsi qu'une ossature de béton armé à la périphérie des baies, c'est-à-dire les tableaux et linteaux de celles-ci.The subject of the present invention is an assembly composed of a concrete block and a keying and shutter insert making it possible to meet the positioning and stability requirements during and after dry mounting of a construction work, such than a wall for example, as well as after the connection with complementary elements such as the frame for example, while reducing the thicknesses of a rough wall and consequently the consumption of materials for the prefabrication and the implementation . Another object of the invention consists in adapting the length and width of the constructions to a given pitch, the basic concrete block being breakable, said constructions being able to be stiffened by a reinforcement of poured concrete at a given interval corresponding to a multiple of the not in the vertically aligned block recesses, the other recesses which can be used as sheaths for the passage through the wall thickness of the water supply pipes for sanitary appliances, the downspouts for rainwater as well as the electric or telephone cables. These same recesses can allow the realization of thermal or acoustic insulation: another object of the invention is to be able to produce a horizontal chaining without having to fill the recesses not concerned with concrete, as well as a framework of reinforced concrete at the periphery windows, that is to say the tables and lintels thereof.

Un autre but de l'invention est d'assurer la récupération des eaux de ruissellement et le drainage de celles-ci sur les parties enterrées.Another object of the invention is to ensure the recovery of runoff water and the drainage thereof on the buried parts.

Le bloc de construction moulé de forme parallélépipédique est du type comportant des évidements internes débouchant sur chaque face d'assise horizontale supérieure et inférieure et séparés par des cloisons transversales. Ce bloc, associé à un organe de liaison positive et d'obturation, est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte:

  • sur ses faces d'assise supérieure et inférieure respectivement, des découpures et des évidements, communiquant verticalement, destinés à permettre l'implantation en position horizontale, dudit organe de liaison de forme et de dimension conjuguées,
  • sur ses parois transversales verticales de séparation des découpures communiquant horizontalement, et évidements, destinés à permettre l'implantation en position verticale, dudit organe de liaison de forme et de dimensions conjuguées,
  • sur sa face d'assise supérieure, au moins une gorge de récupération des eaux de ruissellement,
  • sur les faces extérieures des parois verticales d'extrémité des rainures verticales et des languettes verticales destinées à assurer complémentairement à l'organe de liaison positive, un positionnement relatif des blocs, une étanchéité entre ceux-ci et l'évacuation des eaux de ruissellement en provenance de la ou des gorges de récupération.
The parallelepipedal molded building block is of the type comprising internal recesses opening onto each upper and lower horizontal seat face and separated by transverse partitions. This block, associated with a positive connection and shutter member, is characterized in that it comprises:
  • on its upper and lower seat faces respectively, cutouts and recesses, communicating vertically, intended to allow the implantation in horizontal position, of said connecting member of conjugate shape and size,
  • on its vertical transverse walls for separating the cutouts communicating horizontally, and recesses, intended to allow the implantation in a vertical position, of said connecting member of conjugate shape and dimensions,
  • on its upper seat face, at least one groove for recovering runoff water,
  • on the outer faces of the vertical end walls of the vertical grooves and of the vertical tongues intended to provide, in addition to the positive connecting member, a relative positioning of the blocks, a seal between them and the evacuation of runoff water from the recovery gorge (s) tion.

L'organe de liaison positive et d'obturation est constitué d'un insert en une ou plusieurs parties s'ajustant dans l'une des découpures et l'un des évidements des faces d'assise supérieure et inférieure et/ou dans les découpures et évidements des parois transversales des blocs pour assurer une stabilité de positionnement en cours de montage et après montage, ainsi que l'obturation en extrémité de mur.The positive connecting and closing member consists of an insert in one or more parts which fits into one of the cutouts and one of the recesses of the upper and lower seat faces and / or into the cutouts. and recesses of the transverse walls of the blocks to ensure positioning stability during mounting and after mounting, as well as the closure at the end of the wall.

Les dessins annexés illustrent à titre d'exemples, des modes de réalisation du bloc de construction et de l'insert de clavetage et d'obturation conformes à la présente invention. Ceux-ci représentent:

  • en figure 1, une vue de dessus d'un bloc courant,
  • en figure 2, une vue de dessous du même bloc,
  • en figure 3, une coupe transversale suivant AA vue en élévation,
  • en figure 4, une vue en élévation-coupe d'une variante de réalisation de l'insert en matériau thermoformable,
  • en figure 5, une vue en élévation-coupe d'un insert obtenu par injection d'un matériau déformable élastiquement,
  • en figure 6, une vue de dessous de l'insert représenté en figure 5,
  • en figure 6bis, une vue en élévation d'une variante de réalisation de l'insert,
  • en figure 7, une vue en élévation-coupe d'un insert en deux parties pour évidements de grandes dimensions,
  • en figure 8, une vue de dessus d'un bloc de construction permettant l'utilisation de l'insert en position verticale,
  • en figure 9, une vue en élévation-coupe partielle suivant BB d'un bloc selon la figure 8,
  • en figure 10, une vue en coupe transversale suivant CC du bloc selon la figure 8.
The accompanying drawings illustrate, by way of example, embodiments of the building block and of the keying and sealing insert in accordance with the present invention. These represent:
  • in FIG. 1, a top view of a current block,
  • in FIG. 2, a bottom view of the same block,
  • in FIG. 3, a cross section along AA seen in elevation,
  • in FIG. 4, an elevation-section view of an alternative embodiment of the insert of thermoformable material,
  • in FIG. 5, a view in elevation-section of an insert obtained by injection of an elastically deformable material,
  • in FIG. 6, a bottom view of the insert shown in FIG. 5,
  • in FIG. 6a, an elevation view of an alternative embodiment of the insert,
  • in FIG. 7, an elevation-section view of a two-part insert for large recesses,
  • in FIG. 8, a top view of a building block allowing the use of the insert in a vertical position,
  • in FIG. 9, a partial elevation-section view along BB of a block according to FIG. 8,
  • in FIG. 10, a cross-sectional view along CC of the block according to FIG. 8.

L'ensemble selon l'invention se compose d'un bloc de base et d'un insert de clavetage et d'obturation.The assembly according to the invention consists of a base block and a keying and shutter insert.

Le bloc de base 1 de forme parallélépipédique, qui ne représente pas intégralement l'objet de l'invention, ne comportant pas les découpures 27 et les évidements 28 selon la revendication 1, comporte sur sa face horizontale supérieure au moins une gorge longitudinale 2 ou rainure de section généralement trapézoïdale disposée parallèlement à l'axe médian longitudinal de ladite face supérieure et aboutissant à chacune des extrémités de celle-ci. Cette gorge est destinée à récupérer les eaux de ruissellement ainsi qu'à jouer le rôle de gorge de décompression, d'une façon préférentielle elle se situe côté façade extérieure du bloc. Sur la face supérieure horizontale du bloc sont situées des découpures 4 destinées à recevoir les inserts de clavetage et d'obturation et qui communiquent avec un évidement intérieur 5 du bloc, débouchant sur la face horizontale inférieure du bloc. Ces évidements 5 ont une section droite horizontale de forme polygonale régulière, triangle équilatéral, carré, hexagone ou autre.The base block 1 of parallelepiped shape, which does not fully represent the object of the invention, not comprising the cutouts 27 and the recesses 28 according to claim 1, comprises on its upper horizontal face at least one longitudinal groove 2 or generally trapezoidal section groove arranged parallel to the longitudinal median axis of said upper face and ending at each of its ends. This groove is intended to recover runoff water as well as to act as a decompression groove, preferably it is located on the exterior facade of the block. On the horizontal upper face of the block are located cutouts 4 intended to receive the keying and obturation inserts and which communicate with an interior recess 5 of the block, opening onto the lower horizontal face of the block. These recesses 5 have a horizontal cross section of regular polygonal shape, equilateral triangle, square, hexagon or the like.

La position relative de chaque découpure 4 de la face d'assise supérieure par rapport à l'évidement intérieur correspondant est telle que les bords de ladite découpure se raccordent avec les bords correspondants de l'aboutissement dudit évidement sur la face d'assise inférieure par des plans légèrement inclinés formant dépouille. Dans le cas particulier de la bordure 4a de chaque découpure 4 longeant la gorge de récupération 2, l'épaisseur de la paroi longitudinale du bloc étant plus importante au niveau de cette gorge, ladite bordure 4a comporte sur une faible hauteur un flanc sensiblement vertical se raccordant avec le plan, incliné de l'évidement formant dépouille par l'intermédiaire d'un épaulement oblique. De ce fait, la forme de la découpure 4 s'apparente à la forme polygonale régulière de l'évidement 5 correspondant mais tronquée suivant un plan parallèle au plan médian longitudinal de la gorge.The relative position of each cutout 4 of the upper seat face with respect to the corresponding interior recess is such that the edges of said cutout are connected with the corresponding edges of the end of said recess on the lower seat face by slightly inclined planes forming a draft. In the particular case of the edge 4a of each cutout 4 running along the recovery groove 2, the thickness of the longitudinal wall of the block being greater at the level of this groove, said edge 4a comprises, over a small height, a substantially vertical sidewall connecting with the inclined plane of the recess forming a draft by means of an oblique shoulder. Therefore, the shape of the cutout 4 is similar to the regular polygonal shape of the corresponding recess 5 but truncated along a plane parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the groove.

Dans la suite de la description, on désignera par m ou module la portion de bloc comportant en son centre un évidement unique 5, de longueur sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur du bloc; en désignant par p le pas de base, le module de base peut être soit égal, soit multiple du pas. La longueur d'un bloc de construction correspond à un multiple du module m, lui-même multiple de p. Pour des raisons logiques et techniques évidentes de fabrication sur les outils industriels classiques existants, en rapport avec le dimensionnement admis par les normes nationales et internationales en matière de construction, le bloc dit de base, selon qu'il comporte deux alvéoles ou un nombre de celles-ci multiple de deux, ou trois alvéoles ou un nombre de celles-ci multiple de trois, peut présenter les caractéristiques suivantes:

  • dans le cas de deux alvéoles: Longueur = 6 p, épaisseur = 3 p et hauteur = 3 p,
  • dans le cas de trois alvéoles: Longueur = 6 p, épaisseur = 2 p et hauteur = 3 p.
In the following description, the block portion will be designated by m or module comprising at its center a single recess 5, of length substantially equal to the thickness of the block; by designating by p the basic step, the basic module can be either equal or multiple of the step. The length of a building block corresponds to a multiple of the module m, itself a multiple of p. For obvious logical and technical reasons of manufacturing on existing conventional industrial tools, in relation to the dimensioning accepted by national and international standards in the field of construction, the so-called basic block, depending on whether it comprises two cells or a number of these multiple of two, or three cells or a number of these multiple of three, can have the following characteristics:
  • in the case of two cells: Length = 6 p, thickness = 3 p and height = 3 p,
  • in the case of three cells: Length = 6 p, thickness = 2 p and height = 3 p.

Chaque bloc comporte à titre de séparation entre les évidements 5 contigus des cloisons transversales 6 dans l'épaisseur desquelles est prévu un évidement 7 disposé transversalement par rapport à la longueur du bloc. Cet évidement de forme oblongue dans le sens transversal du bloc est de longueur plus réduite au niveau de la face supérieure qu'au niveau de la face inférieure tout en conservant sensiblement la même largeur, le raccordement des extrémités des deux sections s'effectuant au moyen d'un épaulement oblique. Le profil de la section droite transversale d'un tel évidement correspond sensiblement à celui d'un évidement 5 surmonté de la découpure 4. Ces évidements 7 sont destinés d'une part à loger un organe de liaison mécanique vertical tel qu'un boulon pour la fixation d'un élément de charpente, tel qu'une panne sablière par exemple, sur les blocs d'assise supérieure d'un mur et d'autre part à rendre sécable le bloc de base, en élêments correspondant au module m ou des multiples du module.Each block comprises, by way of separation between the contiguous recesses 5, transverse partitions 6 in the thickness of which is provided a recess 7 arranged transversely with respect to the length of the block. This oblong-shaped recess in the transverse direction of the block is of shorter length at the upper face than at the lower face while retaining substantially the same width, the ends of the two sections being connected by means an oblique shoulder. The profile of the cross section of such a recess corresponds substantially to that of a recess 5 surmounted by the cutout 4. These recesses 7 are intended on the one hand to house a vertical mechanical connection member such as a bolt for the fixing of a structural element, such as a sandblast failure for example, on the upper seat blocks of a wall and on the other hand to make the basic block breakable, in elements corresponding to the module m or multiples of the module.

Les faces extérieures des parois verticales d'extrémité de chaque bloc comportent chacune une rainure verticale Sa et une languette verticale 8b destinées à assurer létanchéité verticale et à réaliser un moyen de liaison et de positionnement des faces verticales de deux blocs contigus. Elles sont disposées de façon telle que les deux rainures et les deux languettes d'un même bloc se situent à proximité des angles diagonalement opposés du bloc, les rainures et languettes jouxtant la façade extérieure du bloc étant situées dans le plan vertical passant par l'axe de la gorge 2 de récupération des eaux de ruissellement, celles-ci pouvant s'évacuer verticalement par le jeu existant au fond de l'assemblage rainure-languette de chaque extrémité du bloc.The outer faces of the vertical end walls of each block each have a vertical groove Sa and a vertical tongue 8b intended to ensure vertical sealing and to provide means for connecting and positioning the vertical faces of two contiguous blocks. They are arranged in such a way that the two grooves and the two tongues of the same block are located near the diagonally opposite angles of the block, the grooves and tongues adjoining the external facade of the block being located in the vertical plane passing through the axis of the groove 2 for recovering runoff water, the latter being able to be evacuated vertically by the clearance existing at the bottom of the groove-tongue assembly at each end of the block.

Dans le cas de blocs composés d'au moins deux modules m, les faces verticales les plus longues comportent en regard des extrémités de chaque évidement 7 et en conjugaison avec celui-ci une rainure verticale 9 de forme généralement trapézoïdale destinée à rendre sécables lesdits blocs, sans traçage préalable.In the case of blocks composed of at least two modules m, the longest vertical faces comprise opposite the ends of each recess 7 and in conjugation with this a vertical groove 9 of generally trapezoidal shape intended to make said blocks breakable , without prior tracing.

Des variantes de réalisation du bloc de base 1 sont conçues pour réaliser d'une part un bloc linteau et/ou chainage et d'autre part un bloc d'adaptation, ces deux variantes se différenciant respectivement du bloc de base par leur structure intérieure, ou par leur dimension en hauteur, leur aspect extérieur étant rigoureusement identique à celui du bloc de base.Alternative embodiments of the base block 1 are designed to produce on the one hand a lintel block and / or chaining and on the other hand an adaptation block, these two variants differing respectively from the basic block by their internal structure, or by their height dimension, their external appearance being strictly identical to that of the base block.

Dans la version du bloc linteau et/ou chainage, les évidements intérieurs 5 et transversaux 7 sont mis en communication de façon à constituer un évidement unique s'étendant sur toute la longueur du bloc et débouchant à chaque extrémité de celui-ci par une découpure de dimensions sensiblement inférieures à celles de la section droite transversale d'un évidement 5 ou 7, l'arête horizontale supérieure de ladite découpure se situant en-dessous du niveau de l'épaulement ou chanfrein de communication des découpures 4 de la face d'assise supérieure avec l'évidement 5. Une telle disposition permet la mise en place de l'armature métallique du linteau ou du chainage avant la coulée du béton. Celle-ci peut être facilitée par une intercommunication des découpures 4 des modules centraux du bloc.In the version of the lintel block and / or chaining, the interior 5 and transverse recesses 7 are placed in communication so as to constitute a single recess extending over the entire length of the block and opening at each end thereof by a cutout of dimensions substantially smaller than those of the cross section of a recess 5 or 7, the upper horizontal edge of said cutout being located below the level of the shoulder or chamfer for communication of the cutouts 4 of the face of upper seat with the recess 5. Such an arrangement allows the metal frame of the lintel or the chaining to be put in place before the concrete is poured. This can be facilitated by an intercommunication of the cutouts 4 of the central modules of the block.

Le bloc dit d'adaptation est un bloc comportant des évidements intérieurs 5 et transversaux 7, mais dont la hauteur est sous-multiple de la hauteur du bloc de base 1; les cloisons de séparation transversales 6 dans l'épaisseur desquelles se situent les évidements transversaux 7, ont leur arête inférieure horizontale située à quelques millimètres au-dessus de la face inférieure d'assise du bloc de façon à permettre le logement de la hauteur de tête d'un boulon de liaison par exemple.The so-called adaptation block is a block comprising interior 5 and transverse recesses 7, but the height of which is sub-multiple of the height of the base block 1; the transverse partition walls 6 in the thickness of which the transverse recesses 7 are situated, have their lower horizontal edge situated a few millimeters above the lower face of the seat of the block so as to allow the accommodation of the head height a connecting bolt for example.

Une autre variante de réalisation du bloc de base consiste en un bloc identique à celui-ci mais dont au moins une des extrémités est de forme hémicylindrique d'axe vertical correspondant à l'axe d'un évidement intérieur 5. Ce type de bloc en association avec un bloc de base permet de réaliser des dièdres d'angle quelconque et l'obtention de murs de formes variées.Another alternative embodiment of the basic block consists of a block identical to this one but of which at least one of the ends is of semi-cylindrical shape with a vertical axis corresponding to the axis of an interior recess 5. This type of block in association with a basic block allows to make dihedrons of any angle and obtaining walls of various shapes.

Tous ces blocs sont moulés selon le procédé classique sur presse automatique équipée d'un tire-tôle sur lequel est fixé le fond de moule, le démoulage s'effectuant automatiquement sur palettes bois, opération suivie d'un passage en étuve classique.All these blocks are molded according to the conventional process on an automatic press fitted with a sheet metal puller on which the mold base is fixed, the mold release being carried out automatically on wooden pallets, an operation followed by passage through a conventional oven.

Quels que soient les types de bloc utilisés, il est adjoint à chacun de ceux-ci au moins un insert de clavetage et d'obturation, c'est-à-dire un organe rapporté destiné d'une part à assurer au montage et après montage un positionnement exact longitudinal et transversal des blocs et d'autre part à obturer certains évidements 5 des blocs de base pour limiter au moment de la coulée le volume de béton nécessaire à la réalisation des linteaux ou chainages horizontaux à partir des blocs correspondants. Cet insert est réalisé selon un élément cylindrique épaulé 20 comportant en superposition une partie inférieure 20a et une partie supérieure 20b. La partie inférieure 20a de diamètre correspondant au cercle inscrit à la découpure polygonale régulière théorique 4, comporte un méplat vertical 20c situé à une distance de l'axe de l'inserttelle que ladite partie inférieure 20a s'ajuste dans la découpure 4 du bloc selon un portage dudit méplat sur la bordure 4a de la découpure parallèle à la gorge de récupération 2 et selon un portage du cylindrage 20a selon une génératrice de celui-ci sur chacun des autres côtés de la découpure. Une telle disposition ne permet qu'une seule position de l'insert dans la découpure 4 pour atteindre l'alignement vertical des blocs au cours de la réalisation d'un ouvrage. La partie supérieure 20b de l'insert en saillie par rapport à la surface d'assise supérieure s'ajuste dans l'évidement 5 du bloc placé immédiatement au-dessus par portage du cylindrage 20b selon une génératrice de celui-ci sur chacune des parois internes dudit évidement.Whatever the types of block used, there is added to each of these at least one keying and obturation insert, that is to say an attached member intended on the one hand to ensure mounting and after mounting an exact longitudinal and transverse positioning of the blocks and on the other hand closing off certain recesses 5 of the base blocks to limit at the time of casting the volume of concrete necessary for the production of horizontal lintels or chaining from the corresponding blocks. This insert is produced according to a shouldered cylindrical element 20 comprising in superposition a lower part 20a and an upper part 20b. The lower part 20a of diameter corresponding to the circle inscribed in the theoretical regular polygonal cutout 4, comprises a vertical flat 20c located at a distance from the axis of the insetelle that said lower part 20a fits in the cutout 4 of the block according to a portage of said flat on the edge 4a of the cutout parallel to the recovery groove 2 and according to a portage of the rollover 20a according to a generatrix thereof on each of the other sides of the cutout. Such an arrangement allows only one position of the insert in the cutout 4 to achieve the vertical alignment of the blocks during the production of a structure. The upper part 20b of the insert projecting relative to the upper seat surface fits into the recess 5 of the block placed immediately above by carrying the roll 20b according to a generator thereof on each of the walls internal of said recess.

En variante d'utilisation de l'insert, celui-ci peut être disposé de façon à ce que le portage du méplat 20c s'effectue sur le bord de la découpure 4 opposée à la bordure 4a: ce positionnement permet la réalisation d'ouvrages de contreventement ou contreforts.As a variant of the use of the insert, it can be arranged so that the carrying of the flat 20c is carried out on the edge of the cutout 4 opposite the edge 4a: this positioning allows the construction of works bracing or buttresses.

L'insert 20 peut être réalisé par injection, coulage, thermo-formage, emboutissage, usinage ou autre, d'un matériau déformable élastiquement ou non; c'est ainsi que l'insert peut respectivement être constitué selon une forme pleine de polystyrène expansé, fig. 5 et 6, ou selon une forme creuse, fig. 4, de paroi suffisamment épaisse pour assurer une bonne tenue mécanique alliée à une certaine élasticité. L'une ou l'autre de ces versions doit permettre une introduction à force de l'insert dans les découpures et évidements du bloc, afin d'obtenir une liaison stable, tout en autorisant la déformation nécessaire au rattrapage des variations dimensionnelles dues à l'usure des moules.The insert 20 can be produced by injection, casting, thermoforming, stamping, machining or the like, of an elastically deformable material or not; thus the insert can respectively be formed in a solid form of expanded polystyrene, fig. 5 and 6, or in a hollow form, fig. 4, of sufficiently thick wall to ensure good mechanical strength combined with a certain elasticity. Either of these versions must allow the insert to be forced into the cutouts and recesses of the block, in order to obtain a stable connection, while allowing the deformation necessary to compensate for the dimensional variations due to the wear of the molds.

La partie supérieure 20b de l'insert est légèrement tronconique; cette conicité ou contre- dépouille permet un meilleur portage de l'insert sur les parois inclinées internes de l'évidement 5, le contact n'étant plus ponctuel mais linéaire selon une génératrice de cette partie supérieure.The upper part 20b of the insert is slightly frustoconical; this taper or undercut allows better carrying of the insert on the internal inclined walls of the recess 5, the contact being no longer punctual but linear according to a generatrix of this upper part.

L'insert peut comporter en son centre un logement borgne, la profondeur duquel étant telle qu'elle laisse subsister une faible épaisseur de matière facilement perforable à tout moment par poinçonnage à l'aide d'une barre métallique pour le passage d'une filerie par exemple.The insert can have a lodge in its center blind blind, the depth of which being such that it leaves a small thickness of material easily punctured at any time by punching using a metal bar for the passage of a wiring for example.

L'insert peut pour chaque rangée horizontale de blocs, être disposé généralement selon un pas correspondant au nombre d'évidements 5 de façon à laisser en alternance au moins un évidement libre, pour le passage vertical des gaines, fileries, tuyauteries ou pour le coulage de chainages verticaux; il peut être disposé selon un pas correspondant au module m, en particulier sur la dernière assise supérieure pour servir d'obturateur aux évidements verticaux des éléments de celle-ci avant la mise en place des blocs servant de coffrage aux linteaux ou aux chainages horizontaux.The insert can, for each horizontal row of blocks, be generally arranged in a pitch corresponding to the number of recesses 5 so as to leave alternately at least one free recess, for the vertical passage of ducts, wiring, piping or for pouring vertical chains; it can be arranged at a pitch corresponding to the module m, in particular on the last upper seat to serve as a shutter for the vertical recesses of the elements thereof before the installation of the blocks serving as formwork for the lintels or the horizontal chaining.

Dans le cas du bloc de base à deux alvéoles précédemment cité et dans lequel l'épaisseur est égale à 3 p, le diamètre de l'insert de positionnement destiné à se loger dans la découpure 4 devenant trop important, il peut être envisagé de réaliser celui-ci sous la forme d'une couronne épaulée 20e de même configuration extérieure et comportant un alésage intérieur de forme et de dimensions conjuguées à celles de l'insert courant 20 de façon à pouvoir loger ce dernier dans ledit alésage à chaque fois qu'il est nécessaire d'obturer l'évidement du bloc portant ladite couronne. Cette disposition a pour avantage de réduire la quantité de matière utilisée pour l'obtention de la couronne au titre de dispositif de positionnement et de faciliter le passage du béton de remplissage et enfin de permettre l'enfilage de canalisations de plus gros diamètre comparativement à la section obtenue par poinçonnage de la partie centrale de l'insert courant.In the case of the base block with two cells previously mentioned and in which the thickness is equal to 3 p, the diameter of the positioning insert intended to be housed in the cutout 4 becoming too large, it can be envisaged to produce this in the form of a shouldered crown 20e of the same external configuration and comprising an internal bore of shape and dimensions combined with those of the current insert 20 so as to be able to accommodate the latter in said bore each time it is necessary to close the recess of the block carrying said crown. This arrangement has the advantage of reducing the amount of material used to obtain the crown as a positioning device and facilitating the passage of the filling concrete and finally allowing the threading of pipes of larger diameter compared to the section obtained by punching the central part of the current insert.

L'insert comporte également, disposé selon un diamètre parallèle au méplat 20c une rainure de sécabilité 20f permettant de fragmenter l'insert en deux demi-parties.The insert also comprises, arranged along a diameter parallel to the flat 20c, a breakable groove 20f making it possible to split the insert into two half-parts.

Les figures 8, 9 et 10 représentent une variante de réalisation du bloc comportant un ou deux évidements 24 encadré aux extrémités par deux portions d'évidement 25 débouchant sur l'extérieur, les dimensions desquelles sont complémentaires: des rainures verticales de coupe 26 de section trapézoïdale ou triangulaire sont prévues sur les faces verticales longitudinales du bloc en face de chacune des faces verticales des cloisons de séparation du bloc. Ceci permet d'utiliser le bloc en partie courante de mur, soit sous forme de bloc entier, soit sous forme de fraction de bloc, l'adaptation se faisant par coupe au niveau desdites rainures verticales 26; le bloc peut aussi être utilisé en angle de mur ou harpage de mur de refend en sectionnant l'une des extrémités évidées. Les cloisons transversales 6 comportent chacune deux découpures 27 disposées symétriquement en opposition en parties haute et basse desdites cloisons, l'axe horizontal desdites découpures se situant dans le plan des assises supérieure et inférieure du bloc. Chaque découpure est interrompue à mi-longueur dans le sens longitudinal du bloc par un évidement transversal 28. La forme et les dimensions des découpures 27 sont déterminées pour réaliser un positionnement de l'insert 20, en position verticale, le cylindrage 20a de la partie inférieure dudit insert reposant en appui sur l'une ou l'autre des découpures 27, la partie supérieure 20b de l'insert s'inscrivant dans ledit évidement transversal 28. Dans l'exemple illustré, et sans que cela soit limitatif, les découpures 27 et les évidements 28 sont de forme demi-circulaire.Figures 8, 9 and 10 show an alternative embodiment of the block comprising one or two recesses 24 framed at the ends by two recess portions 25 opening onto the outside, the dimensions of which are complementary: vertical cutting grooves 26 of section trapezoidal or triangular are provided on the longitudinal vertical faces of the block opposite each of the vertical faces of the partition walls of the block. This makes it possible to use the block in the current part of the wall, either in the form of a whole block, or in the form of a fraction of a block, the adaptation being made by cutting at the level of said vertical grooves 26; the block can also be used at the corner of a wall or a crosswall harp by cutting one of the hollow ends. The transverse partitions 6 each comprise two cutouts 27 arranged symmetrically in opposition in the upper and lower parts of said partitions, the horizontal axis of said cutouts lying in the plane of the upper and lower seat of the block. Each cutout is interrupted at mid-length in the longitudinal direction of the block by a transverse recess 28. The shape and dimensions of the cutouts 27 are determined to position the insert 20, in a vertical position, the rolling 20a of the part bottom of said insert resting on one or the other of the cutouts 27, the upper part 20b of the insert being part of said transverse recess 28. In the example illustrated, and without this being limiting, the cutouts 27 and the recesses 28 are of semi-circular shape.

A titre de variante, et tel que représenté en figure 6bis, l'insert peut, par réalisation en un seul bloc ou par assemblage de deux parties démontables, comporter deux cylindrages 20g de diamètre équivalent au diamètre de la partie supérieure 20b d'un insert courant et un cylindrage 20h situé entre les deux cylindrages 20g de diamètre équivalent au diamètre de la partie inférieure 20a dudit insert courant et comportant un méplat 20j.As a variant, and as shown in FIG. 6a, the insert may, by producing in a single block or by assembling two removable parts, include two rolls 20g of diameter equivalent to the diameter of the upper part 20b of an insert current and a rollover 20h located between the two rollings 20g of diameter equivalent to the diameter of the lower part 20a of said current insert and comprising a flat 20j.

Dans le cas d'un bloc dont l'épaisseur correspond à 3 p, et dans lequel l'épaisseur des parois longitudinales est plus importante, celles-ci peuvent comporter selon un plan vertical passant par l'axe de la gorge de récupération 2 une succession d'évidements longitudinaux 29 débouchant sur les faces d'assise supérieure et inférieure, permettant un drainage vertical. Ce bloc comporte également les rainures et languettes verticales 8a-8b, sur l'épaisseur des parois longitudinales encadrant les portions d'évidement ainsi qu'une gorge de récupération 2 des eaux de ruissellement et de condensation.In the case of a block the thickness of which corresponds to 3 p, and in which the thickness of the longitudinal walls is greater, these may comprise, along a vertical plane passing through the axis of the recovery groove 2, a succession of longitudinal recesses 29 opening onto the upper and lower seat faces, allowing vertical drainage. This block also includes the grooves and vertical tongues 8a-8b, over the thickness of the longitudinal walls framing the recess portions as well as a groove 2 for recovering runoff and condensation water.

Un tel bloc peut être utilisé:

  • en linteau, en gardant du bloc, la partie centrale cotée m et en posant celle-ci comme un profilé en U ouvert vers le haut, les blocs juxtaposés étant clavetés à l'aide des inserts formant obturateur;
  • en coffrage d'about de plancher; dans ce cas on fractionne une des parois longitudinales et conserve l'autre paroi longitudinale et les parois transversales. Ce bloc se pose comme le bloc en partie courant: l'insert est placé verticalement dans la découpure demi-circulaire 27 de la cloison transversale;
  • en bloc de coffrage pour couler séparément des poteaux verticaux de béton; il suffit dans ce cas de placer des inserts verticalement de chaque côté des évidements 24 situés en alignement vertical, de façon à obturer les découpures 27 qui provoqueraient sur chaque rangée une communication horizontale;
  • en bloc à bancher; le béton est dans ce cas, coulé partout à l'intérieur des blocs servant ainsi de banches. Pour ce faire, il suffit de mettre en place un seul insert par bloc et décalé de la valeur d'un module d'un rang sur l'autre de manière à ce que le béton s'écoule en cascade selon une trajectoire comportant alternativement des portions horizontales et des portions verticales.
Such a block can be used:
  • lintel, keeping the block, the central part rated m and placing it as a U-profile open upwards, the juxtaposed blocks being keyed using the inserts forming shutter;
  • in floor end formwork; in this case one of the longitudinal walls is split and the other longitudinal wall and the transverse walls are kept. This block is installed like the partially running block: the insert is placed vertically in the semi-circular cutout 27 of the transverse partition;
  • as a formwork block for pouring vertical concrete columns separately; in this case, it suffices to place inserts vertically on each side of the recesses 24 situated in vertical alignment, so as to seal the cutouts 27 which would cause horizontal communication on each row;
  • as a block for laying; in this case, the concrete is poured everywhere inside the blocks thus serving as formwork. To do this, it suffices to set up a single insert per block and offset by the value of a module from one row to the other so that the concrete flows in cascade along a path comprising alternately horizontal portions and vertical portions.

L'insert placé en position verticale permet, par poinçonnage de son logement central, le passage des fers d'armature ou de câbles bien alignés.The insert placed in a vertical position allows, by punching its central housing, the passage of reinforcement bars or well aligned cables.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation spécialement décrits, mais elle embrasse toutes les variantes à condition que celles-ci ne soient pas en contradiction avec l'objet de chacune des revendications annexées à la présente description; c'est ainsi que, par exemple, le bloc et l'insert peuvent être en tous matériaux.The invention is not limited to the modes of specially described embodiment, but it embraces all variants provided that these are not in contradiction with the subject of each of the claims annexed to this description; this is how, for example, the block and the insert can be of any material.

L'invention peut s'appliquer à la construction de tous bàtiments à usage d'habitation ou industriel, de caves et de piscines ainsi que dans le domaine de l'environnement pour la réalisation de murets, clôtures, jardinières, mobiliers urbains ou autres; l'invention peut également avoir une application dans le domaine du jouet pour la réalisation de jeux de construction.The invention can be applied to the construction of all buildings for residential or industrial use, cellars and swimming pools as well as in the environmental field for the production of low walls, fences, planters, urban or other furniture; the invention may also have an application in the toy field for making construction games.

Claims (15)

1. An assembly consisting of a cast building block (1) and of a positive-connection and closing-off unit (20) which are made separately, making it possible, in association with one another, to produce structures, such as building walls, fence walls or the like, by building them up dry, with joints which are staggered or not; the said parallelepipedic block, provided with inner cavities which open onto each upper and lower horizontal course face and are separated by transverse partitions, having:
on its upper and lower course faces respectively, recesses (4) and cavities (5) communicating vertically and intended to make it possible to install the said connecting unit of matching form and dimensions in the horizontal position,
in its vertical transverse separating walls, recesses (27) communicating horizontally and cavities (28), intended to make it possible to install the said connecting unit (20) of matching form and dimensions in the vertical position,
on its upper course face, at least one channel (2) for collecting trickling water,
on the outer faces of its vertical end walls, vertical grooves (8a) and vertical tongues (8b) intended to ensure, in conjunction with the positive connecting unit (20), a relative positioning of the blocks, sealing between them and the elimination of trickling water coming from the collecting channel or collecting channels (2), and on the other hand,
the positive-connection and closing-off unit (20) consisting of an insert in one or more parts, which fits into one of the recesses (4) and one of the cavities (5) in the upper and lower course faces and/or into the recesses (27) and cavities (28) in the transverse walls of the blocks, to ensure positioning stability during assembly and after assembly and closing off at the wall end.
2. A building block according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cavities (5) in the lower course face have the form of a regular polygon or an equilateral triangle or a square, hexagon or the like.
3. A building block according to Claims 1 and 2 taken together, characterized in that it consists of three identical cavities (5) which make it possible to install the lower part (20a) of the connecting unit in the central recess (4) in the horizontal position, the upper part (20b) of the said unit coming to rest in either of the end cavities (5) of the block located immediately above in the upper row, when the blocks are assembled with staggered joints, and in the central cavity of the said block, when the blocks are assembled with non- staggered joints.
4. A building block according to Claims 1, 2 and 3 taken together, characterized in that the thickness of the longitudinal frontage wall in the region of the collecting channel (2) defines in the upper course face, in the region of each cavity (5), a recess (4) in the form of a truncated regular polygon in a plane parallel to the longitudinal centre plane of the channel (2).
5. A building block according to Claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 taken together, characterized in that the relative position of each recess (4) in the upper course face in relation to the corresponding inner cavity is such that the number of its edges less one are joined to the corresponding edges of the termination of the cavity on the lower course face by means of slightly inclined planes forming a clearance, and the edge (4a) of the recess extending along the collecting channel (2) has, over a short height, a substantially vertical flank joined to the corresponding slightly inclined plane of the cavity by means of an oblique shoulder.
6. A building block according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grooves (8a) and the tongues (8b) intended for ensuring vertical sealing and for producing a means of connecting and positioning the vertical faces of two adjacent blocks are arranged in such a way that the two grooves and the two tongues are located near the diagonally opposite corners of the block, and the grooves and tongues adjacent to the outer frontage of the block are located in the vertical plane passing through the axis of the channel (2) for collecting the trickling water which flows off vertically via the gap present at the bottom of the tongue-and- groove connection of each end of the block.
7. A building block according to Claims 1,2,3,4, 5 and 6 taken together, characterized in that the cavities (5) are separated by transverse partitions (6), in the thickness of which there is a cavity (7) which is arranged transversely relative to the length of the block and which is of a shorter length in the region of the upper course face than in the region of the lower course face, while at the same time preserving substantially the same width, the ends of the two sections being joined by means of an oblique shoulder, the vertical profile of the corresponding cavity thus corresponding substantially to that of a cavity (5) connected to the recess (4), and this cavity, in addition to its weight-reducing function, allows the self-positioning of an additional connecting or closing-off unit of matching form and dimensions.
8. A building block according to Claim 1, characterized in that it consists of one or two cavities (24) framed at the ends by two cavity portions (25) opening onto the outside, the dimensions of these cavity portions matching one another.
9. A building block according to Claims 1 and 7 taken together or 1, 7 and 8 taken together, characterized in that the transverse separating partitions (6) each have two recesses (27) arranged symmetrically and opposite one another in the upper and/or lower part of the said partitions, and the horizontal axis of these recesses lies in the plane of the upper and lower course faces of the block, each recess being interrupted at mid-length in the longitudinal direction of the block by a transverse cavity (28), and the form and dimensions of the recesses (27) and of the cavity (28) being determined so as to ensure exact positioning of the insert in the vertical position.
10. A building block according to Claims 1 to 9 taken as a whole, characterized in that at least one of the longitudinal walls of the block has, in a vertical plane passing through the axis of the collecting channel (2), a series of longitudinal cavities (29) opening onto the upper and lower course faces of the block and allowing vertical drainage.
11. A positive-connection and closing-off unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it can be produced by means of the injection-molding, casting, thermoforming, stamping, machining or the like of a material which is elastically deformable or not.
12. A positive-connection and closing-off unit according to Claims 1 and 11 taken together, consisting of an insert (20) of shouldered cylindrical shape, comprising a cylindrical lower part (20a) and a cylindrical upper part (20b) superimposed on one another, characterized in that the lower part (20a) has a flattened portion (20c) located at such a distance from the axis of the insert that the said lower part fits into the recess (4) in the block, with the flattened portion (20c) bearing on the edge (4a) of the recess to obtain vertical alignment of the blocks during the building of a structure, or on the edge opposite the said edge (4a), in the building of windbracing structures or buttresses, and with the cylindrical portion (20a) bearing along a generatrix of the latter against each of the other sides of the recess, the upper part (20b) of the insert fitting into the block cavity (5) located immediately above, with a cylindrical portion (20b) bearing along a generatrix against each of the inner walls of the cavity.
13. A positive-connection and closing-off unit according to Claims 1, 11 and 12 taken together, intended for ensuring the connection and positioning of very thick blocks, characterized in that it consists of a shouldered circular ring (20e) comprising a cylindrical lower part provided with a flattened portion for positioning the insert in the recess (4) in the upper course face of the block (1), and a cylindrical upper part provided or not with a flattening portion intended for fitting into the cavity (5) of the block located immediately above, the said ring having a shouldered bore intended, as a closing off device, for receiving a running insert (20).
14. A positive-connection and closing-off unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is in one block or consists of two removable parts joined together, forming an insert having two cylindrical portions (20g) of a diameter equivalent to the diameter of the upper part (20b) of a running insert, and a cylindrical portion (20h) located between the two cylindrical portions (20g) and of a diameter equivalent to the diameter of the lower part (20a) of the said running insert and having a flattened portion (20j).
15. A positive-connection and closing-off unit according to one of Claims 11, 12 or 14, characterized in that it has, arranged along a diameter parallel to the flattened portion (20c), a divisibility groove (20f) making it possible to divide the insert into two half-parts.
EP19860400131 1985-01-24 1986-01-22 Building block and associated connection element Expired - Lifetime EP0190076B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86400131T ATE53880T1 (en) 1985-01-24 1986-01-22 BUILDING BLOCK AND RELATED CONNECTOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8501249 1985-01-24
FR8501249A FR2578277B1 (en) 1985-01-24 1985-01-24 ASSOCIATED BUILDING BLOCK AND LINK POSITIVE
FR8516620 1985-11-05
FR8516620A FR2589501B2 (en) 1985-11-05 1985-11-05 ASSOCIATED BUILDING BLOCK AND LINK POSITIVE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0190076A1 EP0190076A1 (en) 1986-08-06
EP0190076B1 true EP0190076B1 (en) 1990-05-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860400131 Expired - Lifetime EP0190076B1 (en) 1985-01-24 1986-01-22 Building block and associated connection element

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EP (1) EP0190076B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3670872D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2685371B1 (en) * 1991-12-20 1994-04-01 Guenee Ets STACKABLE CONSTRUCTION BLOCK, WITH NON - APPARENT LAYING JOINT.
FR3002959B1 (en) * 2013-03-06 2015-06-26 Plattard Ind BUILDING ELEMENT
CN104033461A (en) * 2013-03-09 2014-09-10 孙希贤 Bolt capable of being connected in series end to end and connected with greening container
US9856622B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2018-01-02 Robert Gordon McIntosh Retaining wall system, method of supporting same, and kit for use in constructing same
AU2017294795B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2019-06-13 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Boom for material transport
AU2017294796B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2019-05-30 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Brick/block laying machine incorporated in a vehicle
AU2018295572B2 (en) 2017-07-05 2022-09-29 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Real time position and orientation tracker
CN111213098B (en) 2017-08-17 2024-03-15 快砖知识产权私人有限公司 Communication system for interactive system
EP3692222B1 (en) * 2017-10-04 2023-12-20 Fastbrick IP Pty Ltd Wall assembly with blocks for use in automated building construction
US11401115B2 (en) 2017-10-11 2022-08-02 Fastbrick Ip Pty Ltd Machine for conveying objects and multi-bay carousel for use therewith
CA183952S (en) 2018-10-05 2019-08-12 Rocky Mountain Stone Works Ltd Block for a retaining wall

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3325956A (en) * 1964-02-12 1967-06-20 Spiros J Moraetes Key element for concrete blocks
DE2150874A1 (en) * 1971-10-13 1973-04-19 Walter Ergenzinger COMPONENT MADE FROM LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL
FR2450920A1 (en) * 1979-03-09 1980-10-03 Lopez Roger Building block profiles interlocked with concrete and foam - for convenient construction of insulated hollow walls

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0190076A1 (en) 1986-08-06
DE3670872D1 (en) 1990-06-07

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