EP2096221B1 - Construction block with built-in insulation - Google Patents

Construction block with built-in insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2096221B1
EP2096221B1 EP20090153448 EP09153448A EP2096221B1 EP 2096221 B1 EP2096221 B1 EP 2096221B1 EP 20090153448 EP20090153448 EP 20090153448 EP 09153448 A EP09153448 A EP 09153448A EP 2096221 B1 EP2096221 B1 EP 2096221B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building block
shuttering
parts
wall
building
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Not-in-force
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EP20090153448
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2096221A3 (en
EP2096221A2 (en
Inventor
Alain Sergeant
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0232—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues and grooves
    • E04B2002/0234—Angular dovetails

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building block with integrated insulation and a method for constructing the walls of buildings, public or private structures or the like from such building blocks.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a building block having an integrated insulation capable of meeting the most stringent certification standards in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation as well as possibly to anti-corrosion standards. seismic. It also relates to a method of building a wall from such building blocks that allows a quick and easy assembly by reducing the exposure time and eliminating the pollution usually generated on construction sites.
  • a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped building block comprising a first formwork part made of a concrete or cement material and a second formwork part made of a concrete or cement material rigidly connected to each other by two non-adjacent connecting parts of a thermally insulating material and leaving between them a central space intended to receive a central connecting portion of a thermally insulating material ensuring a continuity of the thermal insulation with said two connecting parts and a vertical keying between superimposed blocks, said shuttering parts being devoid of internal wall facing said central connecting part, so as to allow their mechanical connection via said central connecting part during the casting of a concrete web in each of said parts of formwork.
  • said first and second formwork portions each comprise on their inner wall recesses for cooperating with complementary ribs made opposite one another in each of said connecting portions so as to form a unitary assembly and each comprise on one lateral end face a recess. and on an opposite lateral end face a complementary rib, the recess of a given building block cooperating with the complementary rib of an adjacent building block and vice versa.
  • Said recesses and said complementary ribs are of the tenon and mortise type and advantageously have a dovetail profile.
  • said first and second formwork portions each comprise a discontinuous internal longitudinal wall and formed in two separate panels each having a length greater than that of the corresponding connecting portion and an integral longitudinal longitudinal wall forming the longitudinal end face. of the building block.
  • each of said two inner panels has a length substantially equal to one third of the total length of the building block.
  • each of said two inner panels is connected to the outer longitudinal wall by two transverse walls delimiting between them and this outer longitudinal wall two independent vertical chimneys, the inner transverse walls not forming parts of the two lateral end faces. of the building block, delimiting between them a lateral space on either side of said central space.
  • each of said transverse walls has at its apex a notch to allow said chimneys of each formwork part to communicate with each other via said lateral space and with chimneys of the adjacent right and left side building blocks.
  • said first formwork portion serves as an inner bearing wall and has a width greater than said second formwork portion acting as exterior facing wall.
  • Said connecting portions may be constituted by an expanded polymer, such as a polystyrene or polyurethane foam.
  • said building block is constituted by the only assembly of said second formwork portion with said connecting portions.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of constructing the rectangular parallelepiped-shaped building block comprising a first formwork part made of a concrete or cement material and a second formwork part made of a concrete or cement material rigidly connected to one another. to the other by two non-adjacent connecting parts of a thermally insulating material and leaving a central space between them, characterized in that, after having mounted a first row of blocks, to ensure a continuity of the thermal insulation with said two connecting parts and a vertical keying with the blocks of at least the second row, a central connecting portion is embedded in said central space of each block before mounting said second row of blocks and so on until reaching the height of the wall to be built, and it is proceeded in each of said shuttering parts to the casting of a bead the mechanical connection of which with said central connecting portion is ensured by the fact that said shuttering parts have no inner wall facing said central connecting portion.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of an insulated building block according to the invention.
  • This block 10 has a rectangular parallelepipedal shape with a first shuttering portion 12 made in one piece by molding a masonry material such as for example concrete, cement or terra cotta and a second formwork portion 14 made one piece by molding a masonry material such as for example concrete, cement or terracotta, these two shuttering parts being rigidly connected to each other by two non-adjacent connecting parts 16A , 16B each made of a piece by cutting, molding or any other suitable technique, a thermally insulating material and leaving between them a central space 18 for receiving a central connecting portion (see reference 40 on the figure 3 ) also produced in one piece by cutting or molding a thermally insulating material ensuring a continuity of the thermal insulation with the two connecting parts arranged on either side and a vertical keying with the adjacent building blocks upper and lower respectively.
  • Each inner or outer form portion is formed of two parallel longitudinal walls interconnected by four transverse walls.
  • the inner longitudinal wall of each formwork portion is discontinuous and formed into two separate panels 12A, 12B; 14A, 14B each having a length greater than that of the corresponding connecting portion and substantially equal to one third of the total length of the building block while the outer longitudinal wall forming the longitudinal end face of the building block is formed of a single holding 12C; 14C.
  • Each of the two inner panels of each formwork part is connected to the outer longitudinal wall by two walls transverse 12D, 12E, 12F, 12G; 14D, 14E, 14F, 14G delimiting between them and this external longitudinal wall two independent vertical chimneys 12H, 12I; 14H, 14I, the inner transverse walls 12E, 12F; 14E, 14F not forming parts of the two lateral end faces of the building block, delimiting between them a lateral space 20A, 20B on either side of the central space 18.
  • Each of these transverse walls has at its apex an indentation 22 which allows the two chimneys of each formwork part to communicate with each other via the lateral space and with the chimneys of adjacent building blocks right and left side.
  • the inner panels 12A, 12B; 14A, 14B of these two formwork parts each comprise, on their internal facing faces, recesses 24 to cooperate with complementary ribs 26 formed in correspondence in each of the connecting portions 16A, 16B.
  • these recesses and ribs are of the mortise and tenon type and advantageously comprise a dovetail section. But, of course, any other section allowing a locking between the parties facing is also possible, for example a T-section.
  • each of the inner panels also comprises an angled cutout 28, the four cutouts thus formed being intended to receive the four parts d angle of this central connecting part.
  • each of four transverse walls 12D, 12G; 14D, 14G forming a portion of the lateral end face of a given building block comprises a mortise 30 or is extended by a pin 32 to cooperate with respectively a tenon or mortise of the immediately adjacent block.
  • these mortises and tenons may comprise a dovetail section.
  • the figure 3 shows a high facade wall with building blocks according to the invention. It should first be noted that unlike traditional cement block constructions, building blocks are aligned and unmounted to anyone, which avoids the production of falls and waste. Then, unlike these traditional constructions, the laying of the blocks is carried out dry joint without cement, mortar or glue avoiding the production of dust. The horizontal anchoring of the blocks between them is carried out by the mortises 30 and the tenons 32 on the lateral faces of each block while the mechanical resistance between the blocks at the vertical level is obtained by the keying made by the central connecting part 40 which is introduced during the assembly of the wall on site and crosses several of these superimposed blocks, and in particular, as illustrated in FIG. figure 4 , at least the blocks of the upper and lower adjacent rows.
  • This alignment of the blocks causes a vertical alignment of the different chimneys of the formwork parts and a horizontal alignment of the notches of the transverse walls which will allow, by pouring concrete, the creation of two concrete webs 42, 44 in these two parts of formwork , which webs will be mechanically connected by the successive central connecting portions of the different blocks on the two opposite faces of which the concrete will adhere and further cling in the recesses 40A, 40B, so as to finally imprison these connecting parts central in the pouring of concrete.
  • a vertical and horizontal reinforcement can be introduced throughout the wall through chimneys and notches respectively due to their horizontal and vertical continuity.
  • electrical or hydraulic ducts can be passed inside the building blocks and drowned during the casting of concrete sails.
  • the first formwork portion will have a width greater than the second formwork portion and will then function as interior loadbearing wall while the second part of less large formwork will act as exterior facing wall.
  • the overall width of the building block can thus vary between 35 cm (15 cm of interior wall, 10 cm of insulation and 10 cm of external wall) and 50 cm (with 25 cm of insulation) depending on the width of each of these walls and the level of insulation sought.
  • the figure 5 shows a section of a wall comprising at the end of two standard building blocks 50, 52 as described above, two corner building blocks, one 54 described as “re-entering” the other 56 of " outgoing ".
  • These two blocks each have a structure slightly different from that of a standard block while keeping of course the essential feature, that is to say the fact that the two parts of formwork which then comprise longitudinal walls no longer flat but L-shaped have no inner wall facing the central connecting portion 54A, 56A, so as to allow their mechanical connection via the central connecting portion during the casting of concrete sails in the formwork parts.
  • both the continuity of the concrete pour all along the wall and the thermal continuity through the junction of the connecting parts are ensured.
  • vertical keys 60 inserted into the mortises 30 of a standard block 50 and the corresponding mortises 54B of the re-entrant angle block 54 allow horizontal anchoring of this corner block.
  • FIG. figure 6 The interest of the building block according to the invention for the mounting of a floor is illustrated in FIG. figure 6 . Indeed, it is possible by separating the inner form part of the rest of the building block as shown in the drawing to the left to make a wall / floor connection without thermal bridge.
  • the assembly is as follows: on a standard block 70 is disposed an outer formwork portion 72, the vertical keyway being formed by the central connecting portion 40.
  • the slab support or the floor insulation plate 74 is then placed on the internal formwork portion 76 of the standard block 70 slightly set back from the central connecting portion to leave a space for the attachment of the concrete to the recesses of this central connecting portion, during the casting of the concrete slab 78.
  • the external formwork of the floor is obtained directly with continuous insulation formed by the insulating parts 16A, 16B of the building block and the central connecting part 40 and the formation of a thermal bridge at the right of this floor is avoided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne un bloc de construction à isolation intégrée et un procédé de construction de murs de bâtiments, ouvrages publics ou privés ou autres à partir de tels blocs de construction.The invention relates to a building block with integrated insulation and a method for constructing the walls of buildings, public or private structures or the like from such building blocks.

Art antérieurPrior art

Il est connu dans le domaine de constructions d'habitation de construire des murs à partir de parpaings de ciment ayant une forme généralement parallélépipédique rectangle montés en quinconce et reliés entre eux à la fois verticalement et horizontalement par un mortier.It is known in the field of residential buildings to build walls from concrete blocks having a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape mounted in a quincunx and interconnected both vertically and horizontally by a mortar.

Ce procédé de construction n'a pas évolué depuis son origine. Or, il souffre de nombreux inconvénients. Tout d'abord, il est relativement lent et donc nécessairement coûteux en temps de main d'oeuvre. Car avant de monter un mur, il est nécessaire de préparer le mortier qui est un mélange de sable, de ciment et d'eau, et cette préparation est relativement longue. Il est aussi polluant car le mortier est préparé sur le chantier et génère des poussières importantes. Il provoque aussi des résidus de chantier importants car le décalage des blocs oblige à couper certains d'entre eux et donc à générer des déchets. En outre, le mur ainsi construit ne présente aucune qualité d'isolation tant thermique qu'acoustique et est donc source de déperdition d'énergie importante.This construction process has not evolved since its origin. But he suffers from many disadvantages. First of all, it is relatively slow and therefore necessarily expensive in terms of manpower. Because before mounting a wall, it is necessary to prepare the mortar which is a mixture of sand, cement and water, and this preparation is relatively long. It is also polluting because the mortar is prepared on site and generates significant dust. It also causes significant site residues because the shift of the blocks forces to cut some of them and thus generate waste. In addition, the wall thus constructed has no quality of insulation as thermal or acoustic and is therefore a source of significant energy loss.

Il est connu aussi par le brevet FR 2519670 un bloc de construction formé en trois parties dont une partie centrale réalisée en un matériau isolant est prise en sandwich entre deux parties latérales en béton ou ciment, de façon à former un élément de maçonnerie présentant une isolation renforcée.He is also known by the patent FR 2519670 a building block formed in three parts, a central part made of an insulating material is sandwiched between two concrete or cement side parts, so as to form a masonry element having reinforced insulation.

Cette structure n'est toutefois pas sans inconvénients. En effet, si ce type de bloc permet de réaliser simplement un mur entièrement plan, il ne permet pas la réalisation de constructions d'angle sans rupture de l'isolation. Mais surtout, les deux parties latérales étant reliées entre elles par la seule partie isolante, il existe un risque important de désolidarisation de ces deux parties en cas de détérioration (en cas d'infiltration par exemple) voire déchirure (en cas d'affaissement de terrain par exemple) de cette partie centrale qui n'est pas acceptable et de fait n'a pas permis sa mise en oeuvre pratique et, plus particulièrement, la certification de tels blocs de construction.This structure is not without drawbacks. Indeed, if this type of block makes it possible to simply produce a completely flat wall, it does not allow the realization of corner constructions without breaking the insulation. But above all, the two side parts being interconnected by the single insulating part, there is a significant risk of separation of these two parts in case of deterioration (in case of infiltration for example) or tear (in case of sagging of ground for example) of this central part which is not acceptable and in fact did not allow its practical implementation and, more particularly, the certification of such building blocks.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionObject and summary of the invention

L'invention a donc pour but de surmonter ces inconvénients en proposant un bloc de construction présentant une isolation intégrée à même de répondre aux normes de certification les plus sévères en matière d'isolation tant thermique qu'acoustique ainsi qu'éventuellement aux normes anti-sismiques. Elle vise également un procédé de construction d'un mur à partir de tels blocs de construction qui permette un montage rapide et aisé en diminuant le temps de pose et en supprimant les pollutions engendrées habituellement sur les chantiers de construction.The object of the invention is therefore to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a building block having an integrated insulation capable of meeting the most stringent certification standards in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation as well as possibly to anti-corrosion standards. seismic. It also relates to a method of building a wall from such building blocks that allows a quick and easy assembly by reducing the exposure time and eliminating the pollution usually generated on construction sites.

Ces buts sont atteints par un bloc de construction de forme parallélépipédique rectangle comportant une première partie de coffrage en un matériau de béton ou de ciment et une seconde partie de coffrage en un matériau de béton ou de ciment liées rigidement l'une à l'autre par deux parties de liaison non adjacentes en un matériau thermiquement isolant et laissant entre elles un espace central destiné à recevoir une partie de liaison centrale en un matériau thermiquement isolant assurant une continuité de l'isolation thermique avec lesdites deux parties de liaison et un clavetage vertical entre blocs superposés, lesdites parties de coffrage étant dépourvues de paroi interne en regard de ladite partie de liaison centrale, de façon à permettre leur liaison mécanique via ladite partie de liaison centrale lors de la coulée d'un voile de béton dans chacune desdites parties de coffrage.These objects are achieved by a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped building block comprising a first formwork part made of a concrete or cement material and a second formwork part made of a concrete or cement material rigidly connected to each other by two non-adjacent connecting parts of a thermally insulating material and leaving between them a central space intended to receive a central connecting portion of a thermally insulating material ensuring a continuity of the thermal insulation with said two connecting parts and a vertical keying between superimposed blocks, said shuttering parts being devoid of internal wall facing said central connecting part, so as to allow their mechanical connection via said central connecting part during the casting of a concrete web in each of said parts of formwork.

Ainsi, une fois le béton coulé dans les deux parties de coffrage celles-ci se retrouvent liées ensemble mécaniquement. Le choix des matériaux permet de s'adapter les performances thermiques recherchées.Thus, once the concrete poured into the two parts of formwork they are linked together mechanically. The choice of materials makes it possible to adapt the desired thermal performance.

De préférence, lesdites première et seconde parties de coffrage comportent chacune sur leur paroi interne des évidements pour coopérer avec des nervures complémentaires pratiquées en regard dans chacune desdites parties de liaison de façon à former un ensemble unitaire et comportent chacune sur une face terminale latérale un évidement et sur une face terminale latérale opposée une nervure complémentaire, l'évidement d'un bloc de construction donné coopérant avec la nervure complémentaire d'un bloc de construction adjacent et réciproquement.Preferably, said first and second formwork portions each comprise on their inner wall recesses for cooperating with complementary ribs made opposite one another in each of said connecting portions so as to form a unitary assembly and each comprise on one lateral end face a recess. and on an opposite lateral end face a complementary rib, the recess of a given building block cooperating with the complementary rib of an adjacent building block and vice versa.

Lesdits évidements et lesdites nervures complémentaires sont du type à tenon et mortaise et avantageusement ont un profil en queue d'aronde.Said recesses and said complementary ribs are of the tenon and mortise type and advantageously have a dovetail profile.

Avantageusement, lesdites première et seconde parties de coffrage comportent chacune une paroi longitudinale interne discontinue et formée en deux panneaux séparés ayant chacun une longueur supérieure à celle de la partie de liaison correspondante et une paroi longitudinale externe d'un seul tenant formant la face terminale longitudinale du bloc de construction.Advantageously, said first and second formwork portions each comprise a discontinuous internal longitudinal wall and formed in two separate panels each having a length greater than that of the corresponding connecting portion and an integral longitudinal longitudinal wall forming the longitudinal end face. of the building block.

De préférence, chacun desdits deux panneaux internes a une longueur sensiblement égale au tiers de la longueur totale du bloc de construction.Preferably, each of said two inner panels has a length substantially equal to one third of the total length of the building block.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, chacun desdits deux panneaux internes est relié à la paroi longitudinale externe par deux parois transversales délimitant ainsi entre elles et cette paroi longitudinale externe deux cheminées verticales indépendantes, les parois transversales intérieures ne formant pas parties des deux faces terminales latérales du bloc de construction, délimitant entre elles un espace latéral de part et d'autre dudit espace central.According to an advantageous embodiment, each of said two inner panels is connected to the outer longitudinal wall by two transverse walls delimiting between them and this outer longitudinal wall two independent vertical chimneys, the inner transverse walls not forming parts of the two lateral end faces. of the building block, delimiting between them a lateral space on either side of said central space.

Pour faciliter un ferraillage, chacune desdites parois transversales comporte à son sommet une échancrure pour permettre auxdites cheminées de chaque partie de coffrage de communiquer entre elles via ledit espace latéral et avec des cheminées des blocs de construction adjacents latéraux droit et gauche.To facilitate a reinforcement, each of said transverse walls has at its apex a notch to allow said chimneys of each formwork part to communicate with each other via said lateral space and with chimneys of the adjacent right and left side building blocks.

Avantageusement, ladite première partie de coffrage fait fonction de mur porteur intérieur et présente une largeur supérieure à ladite seconde partie de coffrage faisant fonction de mur de parement extérieur. Lesdites parties de liaison peuvent être constituées par un polymère expansé, comme une mousse de polystyrène ou de polyuréthane.Advantageously, said first formwork portion serves as an inner bearing wall and has a width greater than said second formwork portion acting as exterior facing wall. Said connecting portions may be constituted by an expanded polymer, such as a polystyrene or polyurethane foam.

Dans un mode de réalisation permettant la réalisation de plancher sans pont thermique, ladite première partie de coffrage étant omise, ledit bloc de construction est constitué par le seul assemblage de ladite seconde partie de coffrage avec lesdites parties de liaison.In one embodiment for producing a floor without thermal bridge, said first formwork portion being omitted, said building block is constituted by the only assembly of said second formwork portion with said connecting portions.

La présente invention concerne également un procédé de construction du bloc de construction de forme parallélépipédique rectangle comportant une première partie de coffrage en un matériau de béton ou de ciment et une seconde partie de coffrage en un matériau de béton ou de ciment liées rigidement l'une à l'autre par deux parties de liaison non adjacentes en un matériau thermiquement isolant et laissant entre elles un espace central, procédé caractérisé en ce que, après avoir monté une première rangée de blocs, pour assurer une continuité de l'isolation thermique avec lesdites deux parties de liaison et un clavetage vertical avec les blocs d'au moins la seconde rangée, une partie de liaison centrale est encastrée dans ledit espace central de chaque bloc avant de monter ladite seconde rangée de blocs et ainsi de suite jusqu'à atteindre la hauteur du mur à construire, et il est procédé dans chacune desdites parties de coffrage à la coulée d'un voile de béton dont la liaison mécanique avec ladite partie de liaison centrale est assurée par le fait que lesdites parties de coffrage sont dépourvues de paroi interne en regard de ladite partie de liaison centrale.The present invention also relates to a method of constructing the rectangular parallelepiped-shaped building block comprising a first formwork part made of a concrete or cement material and a second formwork part made of a concrete or cement material rigidly connected to one another. to the other by two non-adjacent connecting parts of a thermally insulating material and leaving a central space between them, characterized in that, after having mounted a first row of blocks, to ensure a continuity of the thermal insulation with said two connecting parts and a vertical keying with the blocks of at least the second row, a central connecting portion is embedded in said central space of each block before mounting said second row of blocks and so on until reaching the height of the wall to be built, and it is proceeded in each of said shuttering parts to the casting of a bead the mechanical connection of which with said central connecting portion is ensured by the fact that said shuttering parts have no inner wall facing said central connecting portion.

Lorsque des normes parasismiques doivent être respectées, un ferraillage vertical et horizontal est introduit dans tout le mur au travers desdites première et seconde parties de coffrage du fait de leur continuité horizontale et verticale résultant du montage à joints alignés. De même, des gaines électriques ou hydrauliques peuvent être passées à l'intérieur desdites première et seconde parties de coffrage et noyées lors de la coulée desdits voiles de béton.When seismic standards must be respected, a vertical and horizontal reinforcement is introduced throughout the wall through said first and second shuttering parts due to their horizontal and vertical continuity resulting from the assembly with aligned joints. Similarly, electrical or hydraulic ducts can be passed inside said first and second shuttering parts and embedded during the casting of said concrete webs.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre illustratif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc de construction à isolation intégrée selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus du bloc de construction à isolation intégrée de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'une partie d'un mur de façade élevé avec des blocs de construction à isolation intégrée de la figure 1,
  • la figure 4 illustre le clavetage vertical mis en oeuvre dans le mur de la figure 3,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe d'une partie de mur élevé avec des blocs de construction à isolation intégrée de la figure 1 et
  • la figure 6 montre en coupe la liaison plancher/mur de façade avec des blocs de construction à isolation intégrée de la figure 1.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description given below, by way of illustration but without limitation, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of an insulated building block according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a top view of the building block with integrated insulation of the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 3 is a perspective view of a portion of a high facade wall with insulated building blocks of the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 4 illustrates the vertical keying implemented in the wall of the figure 3 ,
  • the figure 5 is a sectional view of an elevated wall portion with insulated building blocks of the figure 1 and
  • the figure 6 shows in section the connection floor / wall of facade with building blocks with integrated insulation of the figure 1 .

Description détaillée de modes de réalisationDetailed description of embodiments

Les figures 1 et 2 montrent un exemple de réalisation d'un bloc de construction à isolation intégrée selon l'invention. Ce bloc 10 présente une forme parallélépipédique rectangle avec une première partie de coffrage 12 réalisée d'une pièce par moulage d'un matériau de maçonnerie tel que par exemple du béton, du ciment ou de la terre cuite et une seconde partie de coffrage 14 réalisée d'une pièce par moulage d'un matériau de maçonnerie tel que par exemple du béton, du ciment ou de la terre cuite, ces deux parties de coffrage étant liées rigidement l'une à l'autre par deux parties de liaison non adjacentes 16A, 16B réalisées chacune d'une pièce par découpage, moulage ou tout autre technique appropriée, d'un matériau thermiquement isolant et laissant entre elles un espace central 18 destiné à recevoir une partie de liaison centrale (voir la référence 40 sur la figure 3) réalisée également d'une pièce par découpage ou moulage d'un matériau thermiquement isolant assurant une continuité de l'isolation thermique avec les deux parties de liaison disposées de part et d'autre et un clavetage vertical avec les blocs de construction adjacents supérieur et inférieur respectivement.The Figures 1 and 2 show an embodiment of an insulated building block according to the invention. This block 10 has a rectangular parallelepipedal shape with a first shuttering portion 12 made in one piece by molding a masonry material such as for example concrete, cement or terra cotta and a second formwork portion 14 made one piece by molding a masonry material such as for example concrete, cement or terracotta, these two shuttering parts being rigidly connected to each other by two non-adjacent connecting parts 16A , 16B each made of a piece by cutting, molding or any other suitable technique, a thermally insulating material and leaving between them a central space 18 for receiving a central connecting portion (see reference 40 on the figure 3 ) also produced in one piece by cutting or molding a thermally insulating material ensuring a continuity of the thermal insulation with the two connecting parts arranged on either side and a vertical keying with the adjacent building blocks upper and lower respectively.

Chaque partie de coffrage intérieur ou extérieur est formé de deux parois longitudinales parallèles reliées entre elles par quatre parois transversales. La paroi longitudinale interne de chaque partie de coffrage est discontinue et formée en deux panneaux séparés 12A, 12B ; 14A, 14B ayant chacun une longueur supérieure à celle de la partie de liaison correspondante et sensiblement égale au tiers de la longueur totale du bloc de construction alors que la paroi longitudinale externe formant la face terminale longitudinale du bloc de construction est formée d'un seul tenant 12C ; 14C.Each inner or outer form portion is formed of two parallel longitudinal walls interconnected by four transverse walls. The inner longitudinal wall of each formwork portion is discontinuous and formed into two separate panels 12A, 12B; 14A, 14B each having a length greater than that of the corresponding connecting portion and substantially equal to one third of the total length of the building block while the outer longitudinal wall forming the longitudinal end face of the building block is formed of a single holding 12C; 14C.

Chacun des deux panneaux internes de chaque partie de coffrage est relié à la paroi longitudinale externe par deux parois transversales 12D, 12E, 12F, 12G ; 14D, 14E, 14F, 14G délimitant ainsi entre elles et cette paroi longitudinale externe deux cheminées verticales indépendantes 12H, 12I; 14H, 14I, les parois transversales intérieures 12E, 12F ; 14E, 14F ne formant pas parties des deux faces terminales latérales du bloc de construction, délimitant entre elles un espace latéral 20A, 20B de part et d'autre de l'espace central 18. Chacune des ces parois transversales comporte à son sommet une échancrure 22 qui permet aux deux cheminées de chaque partie de coffrage de communiquer entre elles via l'espace latéral et avec les cheminées des blocs de construction adjacents latéraux droit et gauche.Each of the two inner panels of each formwork part is connected to the outer longitudinal wall by two walls transverse 12D, 12E, 12F, 12G; 14D, 14E, 14F, 14G delimiting between them and this external longitudinal wall two independent vertical chimneys 12H, 12I; 14H, 14I, the inner transverse walls 12E, 12F; 14E, 14F not forming parts of the two lateral end faces of the building block, delimiting between them a lateral space 20A, 20B on either side of the central space 18. Each of these transverse walls has at its apex an indentation 22 which allows the two chimneys of each formwork part to communicate with each other via the lateral space and with the chimneys of adjacent building blocks right and left side.

Pour assurer un parfait verrouillage entre les deux parties de coffrage et les deux parties de liaison, les panneaux internes 12A, 12B ; 14A, 14B de ces deux parties de coffrage comportent chacune, sur leurs faces internes en regard, des évidements 24 pour coopérer avec des nervures complémentaires 26 pratiquées en correspondance dans chacune des parties de liaison 16A, 16B. De préférence, ces évidements et nervures sont de type à mortaise et tenon et comportent avantageusement une section en queue d'aronde. Mais, bien entendu, toute autre section permettant un verrouillage entre les parties en regard est aussi envisageable, par exemple une section en T.To ensure perfect locking between the two formwork parts and the two connecting parts, the inner panels 12A, 12B; 14A, 14B of these two formwork parts each comprise, on their internal facing faces, recesses 24 to cooperate with complementary ribs 26 formed in correspondence in each of the connecting portions 16A, 16B. Preferably, these recesses and ribs are of the mortise and tenon type and advantageously comprise a dovetail section. But, of course, any other section allowing a locking between the parties facing is also possible, for example a T-section.

De même, pour assurer, lors du montage des blocs de construction, un parfait clavetage avec la partie de liaison centrale, chacun des panneaux internes comporte également une découpe d'angle 28, les quatre découpes ainsi formées étant destinées à recevoir les quatre parties d'angle de cette partie de liaison centrale.Similarly, to ensure, during the assembly of the building blocks, a perfect keying with the central connecting portion, each of the inner panels also comprises an angled cutout 28, the four cutouts thus formed being intended to receive the four parts d angle of this central connecting part.

Enfin, afin d'assurer une liaison entre blocs adjacents latéraux droit et gauche, chacune des quatre parois transversales 12D, 12G ; 14D, 14G formant une partie de la face terminale latérale d'un bloc de construction donné comporte une mortaise 30 ou est prolongé par un tenon 32 pour coopérer avec respectivement un tenon ou une mortaise du bloc immédiatement adjacent. De préférence, comme précédemment, ces mortaises et tenons peuvent comporter une section en queue d'aronde.Finally, to ensure a connection between adjacent right and left side blocks, each of four transverse walls 12D, 12G; 14D, 14G forming a portion of the lateral end face of a given building block comprises a mortise 30 or is extended by a pin 32 to cooperate with respectively a tenon or mortise of the immediately adjacent block. Preferably, as before, these mortises and tenons may comprise a dovetail section.

La figure 3 montre un mur de façade élevé avec des blocs de construction selon l'invention. On remarquera tout d'abord que contrairement aux constructions traditionnelles en parpaing de ciment, les blocs de construction sont alignés et non montés en quiconque, ce qui évite la production de chutes et de déchets. Ensuite, contrairement à ces constructions traditionnelles, la pose des blocs est effectuée à joint sec sans ciment, mortier ou colle évitant la production de poussières. L'ancrage horizontal des blocs entre eux est effectué par les mortaises 30 et les tenons 32 sur les faces latérales de chaque bloc alors que la tenue mécanique entre les blocs au niveau vertical est obtenue par le clavetage réalisé par la partie centrale de liaison 40 qui est introduite lors du montage du mur sur site et traverse plusieurs de ces blocs superposés, et notamment, comme illustré à la figure 4, au moins les blocs des rangées adjacentes supérieure et inférieure. Cet alignement des blocs entraîne un alignement vertical des différentes cheminées des parties de coffrage et un alignement horizontal des échancrures des parois transversales qui vont permettre, en y coulant du béton, la création de deux voiles de béton 42, 44 dans ces deux parties de coffrage, lesquels voiles vont se trouver mécaniquement reliés par les parties de liaison centrales successives des différents blocs sur les deux faces opposées desquelles le béton va adhérer et de plus s'accrocher dans les évidements 40A, 40B, de façon à finalement emprisonner ces parties de liaison centrales dans la coulée de béton. Préalablement à celle-ci, notamment si les normes de construction l'exigent, un ferraillage vertical et horizontal pourra être introduit dans tout le mur au travers respectivement des cheminées et des échancrures du fait de leur continuité horizontale et verticale. De même, si nécessaire des gaines électriques ou hydrauliques pourront être passées à l'intérieur des blocs de construction et noyées lors de la coulée des voiles de béton.The figure 3 shows a high facade wall with building blocks according to the invention. It should first be noted that unlike traditional cement block constructions, building blocks are aligned and unmounted to anyone, which avoids the production of falls and waste. Then, unlike these traditional constructions, the laying of the blocks is carried out dry joint without cement, mortar or glue avoiding the production of dust. The horizontal anchoring of the blocks between them is carried out by the mortises 30 and the tenons 32 on the lateral faces of each block while the mechanical resistance between the blocks at the vertical level is obtained by the keying made by the central connecting part 40 which is introduced during the assembly of the wall on site and crosses several of these superimposed blocks, and in particular, as illustrated in FIG. figure 4 , at least the blocks of the upper and lower adjacent rows. This alignment of the blocks causes a vertical alignment of the different chimneys of the formwork parts and a horizontal alignment of the notches of the transverse walls which will allow, by pouring concrete, the creation of two concrete webs 42, 44 in these two parts of formwork , which webs will be mechanically connected by the successive central connecting portions of the different blocks on the two opposite faces of which the concrete will adhere and further cling in the recesses 40A, 40B, so as to finally imprison these connecting parts central in the pouring of concrete. Prior to this, particularly if the building standards require it, a vertical and horizontal reinforcement can be introduced throughout the wall through chimneys and notches respectively due to their horizontal and vertical continuity. Similarly, if necessary electrical or hydraulic ducts can be passed inside the building blocks and drowned during the casting of concrete sails.

Ainsi, avec l'invention, on obtient des constructions présentant une isolation thermique (variable selon les matériaux employés) et acoustique (du fait de la présence des deux voiles de béton) remarquable, qui ne demande plus que la mise en place de revêtements intérieur et extérieur. Avantageusement, la première partie de coffrage présentera une largeur supérieure à la seconde partie de coffrage et fera alors fonction de mur porteur intérieur alors que la seconde partie de coffrage moins large fera fonction de mur de parement extérieur. La largeur globale du bloc de construction pourra ainsi varier entre 35 cm (15 cm de mur intérieur, 10 cm d'isolant et 10 cm de mur extérieur) et 50 cm (avec 25 cm d'isolant) selon la largeur de chacun de ces murs et le niveau d'isolation recherché.Thus, with the invention, one obtains constructions having a thermal insulation (variable according to the materials used) and acoustics (due to the presence of two concrete sails) remarkable, which does not require any more than the installation of internal coatings and outside. Advantageously, the first formwork portion will have a width greater than the second formwork portion and will then function as interior loadbearing wall while the second part of less large formwork will act as exterior facing wall. The overall width of the building block can thus vary between 35 cm (15 cm of interior wall, 10 cm of insulation and 10 cm of external wall) and 50 cm (with 25 cm of insulation) depending on the width of each of these walls and the level of insulation sought.

La figure 5 montre une coupe d'un mur comportant à l'extrémité de deux blocs de construction standards 50, 52 conformes à la description précitée, deux blocs de construction d'angle, l'un 54 qualifié de « rentrant » l'autre 56 de « sortant ». Ces deux blocs présentent chacun une structure légèrement différente de celle d'un bloc standard tout en en gardant bien entendu la particularité essentielle, c'est-à-dire le fait que les deux parties de coffrage qui comportent alors des parois longitudinales non plus planes mais en forme de L sont dépourvues de paroi interne en regard de la partie de liaison centrale 54A, 56A, de façon à permettre leur liaison mécanique via la partie de liaison centrale lors de la coulée des voiles de béton dans les parties de coffrage. Ainsi, sont assurées tant la continuité de la coulée de béton tout le long du mur que la continuité thermique par la jonction des parties de liaison. Si nécessaire, des clavettes verticales 60 insérées dans les mortaises 30 d'un bloc standard 50 et les mortaises correspondantes 54B du bloc d'angle rentrant 54 permettent un ancrage horizontal de ce bloc d'angle.The figure 5 shows a section of a wall comprising at the end of two standard building blocks 50, 52 as described above, two corner building blocks, one 54 described as "re-entering" the other 56 of " outgoing ". These two blocks each have a structure slightly different from that of a standard block while keeping of course the essential feature, that is to say the fact that the two parts of formwork which then comprise longitudinal walls no longer flat but L-shaped have no inner wall facing the central connecting portion 54A, 56A, so as to allow their mechanical connection via the central connecting portion during the casting of concrete sails in the formwork parts. Thus, both the continuity of the concrete pour all along the wall and the thermal continuity through the junction of the connecting parts are ensured. If necessary, vertical keys 60 inserted into the mortises 30 of a standard block 50 and the corresponding mortises 54B of the re-entrant angle block 54 allow horizontal anchoring of this corner block.

On pourra noter sur cette figure 5 la présence de chevelus 58 traversant les parties de liaison centrale des blocs standards, exigées par certaines réglementations techniques et qui, avec la présente invention, sont aisés à mettre en place avant la coulée du béton.We can note on this figure 5 the presence of hairy 58 crossing the central link portions of the standard blocks, required by some technical regulations and which, with the present invention, are easy to set up before pouring concrete.

L'intérêt du bloc de construction selon l'invention pour le montage d'un plancher est illustré à la figure 6. En effet, il est possible en dissociant la partie de coffrage intérieur du reste du bloc de construction comme le montre le dessin de gauche de réaliser une liaison mur/plancher sans pont thermique. Le montage est le suivant : sur un bloc standard 70 est disposé une partie de coffrage extérieur 72, le clavetage vertical étant réalisé par la partie de liaison centrale 40. Le support de dalle ou la plaque d'isolation du plancher 74 est ensuite posée sur la partie de coffrage intérieur 76 du bloc standard 70 légèrement en retrait de la partie de liaison centrale pour laisser un espace pour l'accrochage du béton sur les évidements de cette partie de liaison centrale, lors de la coulée de la dalle de béton 78. On obtient ainsi directement le coffrage extérieur du plancher avec une isolation continue formée par les parties d'isolation 16A, 16B du bloc de construction et la partie de liaison centrale 40 et on évite la formation d'un pont thermique au droit de ce plancher.The interest of the building block according to the invention for the mounting of a floor is illustrated in FIG. figure 6 . Indeed, it is possible by separating the inner form part of the rest of the building block as shown in the drawing to the left to make a wall / floor connection without thermal bridge. The assembly is as follows: on a standard block 70 is disposed an outer formwork portion 72, the vertical keyway being formed by the central connecting portion 40. The slab support or the floor insulation plate 74 is then placed on the internal formwork portion 76 of the standard block 70 slightly set back from the central connecting portion to leave a space for the attachment of the concrete to the recesses of this central connecting portion, during the casting of the concrete slab 78. In this way, the external formwork of the floor is obtained directly with continuous insulation formed by the insulating parts 16A, 16B of the building block and the central connecting part 40 and the formation of a thermal bridge at the right of this floor is avoided.

Claims (15)

  1. A building block of rectangular parallelepiped shape (10) having a first shuttering part (12) in a masonry material and a second shuttering part (14) in a masonry material rigidly connected to each other, characterized in that said shuttering parts (12, 14) are rigidly connected to each other by two non-adjacent connecting parts (16A, 16B) of a thermally insulating material and leaving between them a central space (18) for receiving a central connecting part (40) of a thermally insulating material providing continuity of thermal insulation with said two connecting parts and a vertical keyway between overlapping blocks, said shuttering parts (12, 14) being devoid of inner wall facing said central connecting part (40), so as to allow their mechanical connection via said central connecting part (40) during a casting of a concrete shell (42, 44) in each of said shuttering parts (12, 14).
  2. Building block as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said first and second shuttering parts each comprise on their inner wall recesses (24) to cooperate with complementary ribs (26) formed opposite in each of said connecting parts so as to form a unitary assembly.
  3. Building block as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that said first and second shuttering parts each comprise on a side end face a recess (30) and on an opposite side end face a complementary rib (32), the recess of a given building block cooperating with the complementary rib of the adjacent building block, and vice versa.
  4. Building block as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that said recesses and said complementary ribs are of tenons and mortise.
  5. Building block as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that said tenons and mortise have a dovetail profile.
  6. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said first and second shuttering parts each comprise an inner discontinuously longitudinal wall formed in two separate panels (12A, 12B, 14A, 14B) each having a length greater than that of the corresponding connecting part (16A, 16B) and an outer longitudinal wall in one piece (12C, 14C) forming the longitudinal end face of the building block.
  7. Building block as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that each of said two inner panels has a length substantially equal to one third of the total length of the building block.
  8. Building block as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that each of said two inner panels is connected to the outer longitudinal wall with two transverse walls (12D, 12E, 12F, 12G, 14D, 14E, 14F, 14G) delimiting between them and the outer longitudinal wall two independent vertical chimneys (12H, 12I, 14H, 14I), the inner transverse walls (12E, 12E, 14E, 14E) not forming part of the two lateral end faces of the building block, defining between them a lateral space (20A, 20B) on either side of said central space.
  9. Building block as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that each of said transverse walls comprises at its top a recess (22) to enable said chimneys of each shuttering part to communicate with each other through said lateral space and with building blocks chimneys adjacent right and left sides.
  10. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said first shuttering part acts as inner support wall and has a width greater than said second shuttering part acting as outer face wall.
  11. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said connecting parts are formed by a foamed polymer, such as polystyrene foam or polyurethane.
  12. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said first shuttering part being omitted, said building block is constituted by the unique assembly of said second shuttering part with said connecting parts.
  13. Method of constructing a wall from building blocks (10) of rectangular parallelepiped shape having a first shuttering part (12) in a masonry material and a second shuttering part (14) in a masonry material rigidly connected to each other by two non-adjacent connecting parts (16A, 16B) of a thermally insulating material and leaving between them a central space (18), characterized in that, after mounting a first block row, to ensure continuity of insulation with said two connecting parts and a vertical keyway with the blocks of at least the second row, a central connecting part (40) is embedded in said central space of each block before mounting said second row of blocks to aligned joints and so on until it reaches the height of the wall to be built, and in each of said shuttering parts a casting of a concrete shell (42, 44) is made which provides the mechanical connection with said central connecting portion by the fact that said shuttering parts are devoid of any inner wall facing said central connecting part.
  14. Building method according to Claim 13, characterized in that a vertical and horizontal reinforcement is introduced throughout the wall through said first and second shuttering parts due to their vertical and horizontal continuity of the resulting aligned joints assembly.
  15. Building method according to Claim 13, characterized in that electric or hydraulic ducts are placed inside said first and second shuttering parts and embedded during casting said concrete shells.
EP20090153448 2008-02-26 2009-02-23 Construction block with built-in insulation Not-in-force EP2096221B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0851235A FR2927915B1 (en) 2008-02-26 2008-02-26 BUILDING BLOCK WITH INTEGRATED INSULATION.

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EP2096221A2 EP2096221A2 (en) 2009-09-02
EP2096221A3 EP2096221A3 (en) 2010-10-27
EP2096221B1 true EP2096221B1 (en) 2014-04-09

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Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2958309B1 (en) * 2010-04-06 2013-01-11 Fixolite Sa METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION BLOCK OF THE INSULATING PARPAING TYPE AND BLOCK OBTAINED
FR2979117B1 (en) * 2011-08-19 2014-12-12 Fabemi Gestion METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MOLDED CONCRETE BLOCK AND A BLOCK OBTAINED THEREBY
CN102644355A (en) * 2011-08-24 2012-08-22 上海市房屋建筑设计院有限公司 Concrete self-insulation mould-locking block
CN103485470A (en) * 2013-09-24 2014-01-01 泉州市三联机械制造有限公司 Composite self-insulation building block
CN104775561B (en) * 2015-03-16 2016-09-14 上海模卡建筑工程科技发展有限公司 Self-heat conserving high-strength assembling building block

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2485063A1 (en) * 1980-05-29 1981-12-24 Cerib BUILDING BLOCK WITH BUILT-IN INSULATION
FR2519670B1 (en) * 1982-01-14 1986-03-14 Robin Bernard INSULATION BLOCK FOR THE BUILDING INDUSTRY

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EP2096221A3 (en) 2010-10-27
FR2927915B1 (en) 2010-03-26
FR2927915A1 (en) 2009-08-28
EP2096221A2 (en) 2009-09-02

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