EP1060312A1 - Modular shuttering element for building wall - Google Patents

Modular shuttering element for building wall

Info

Publication number
EP1060312A1
EP1060312A1 EP99964751A EP99964751A EP1060312A1 EP 1060312 A1 EP1060312 A1 EP 1060312A1 EP 99964751 A EP99964751 A EP 99964751A EP 99964751 A EP99964751 A EP 99964751A EP 1060312 A1 EP1060312 A1 EP 1060312A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
longitudinal
modular
concrete
modular shuttering
rebates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99964751A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1060312B1 (en
Inventor
Jérôme Guibert
Jean-Yves Moulin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Studexe SARL
Original Assignee
Studexe SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Studexe SARL filed Critical Studexe SARL
Publication of EP1060312A1 publication Critical patent/EP1060312A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1060312B1 publication Critical patent/EP1060312B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/54—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular shuttering element for a building wall.
  • planelles of these modular elements have a sufficiently neat appearance that it is not necessary to coat them, which also leads to cost reductions. That said, it has been observed that the walls constructed with modular shuttering elements from all of the prior techniques systematically exhibited air and water tightness defects due to the bridging effect inevitably produced by the spacers. According to this effect, air and water manage to pass through the wall along the undersides and sides of the spacers.
  • the poured concrete shrinks all of the internal faces of the modular elements, and in particular on the undersides and on the sides of the spacers.
  • This shrinkage of the concrete leaves a void between the latter and the undersides and sides of each spacer.
  • This vacuum constitutes " ⁇ systematically a break in continuous contact, and thereby a bridge between the planelles.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a modular shuttering element making it possible to produce walls which are completely airtight and watertight.
  • a modular shuttering element intended to be part of a wall filled with a material such as concrete, comprising two plates connected to each other by at least one spacer, remarkable in that said spacer comprises at least one deep rebate extending over the entire width of its underside and / or at least one pair of rebates extending over the entire height on each of its sides, so as to form air and water barriers in said material.
  • said rebates are placed in median zones of the underside and / or of the sides of said spacer
  • rebates have a substantially rectangular section, the upper faces of said spacers define recesses, so as to be able to receive said material and reinforcing members such as reinforcements, said planes each have, in its upper part, a projection and a range upper longitudinal and, in its lower part, a longitudinal groove and lower range defining a complementary nesting, ._ ⁇
  • said protrusions, grooves and longitudinal areas are shaped so that said socket has a clearance, in order to avoid infiltration of water by capillarity, said longitudinal projections and grooves have, from the outside towards the inside of said element, at least one side inclined relative to the vertical, one horizontal side and one side vertical,
  • planelles each comprise at least one chimney extending between its upper and lower faces, in order to impose a vertical path on any water infiltration
  • planelles each have a groove extending over the entire length of its upper part and communicating with said chimney, in order to channel any water infiltration towards said chimney, - the lateral faces of said planelles intended to cooperate with adjacent elements have profiles defining a complementary nesting,
  • the present invention also relates to a wall formed by modular shuttering elements in accordance with the above, filled with a material such as concrete.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a standard modular shuttering element according to the invention
  • - Figure 2 is a side view of a stack of two standard modular elements according to the invention, filled with concrete; concrete has only been shown in the areas necessary for understanding the invention.
  • identical reference numerals denote identical or analogous members or sets of members.
  • standard we mean a modular shuttering element intended to be placed in a common part of the wall, as opposed to “shuttering” modular shuttering elements, necessary to execute angles, chaining, door and window openings, etc. .
  • modular modular shuttering elements are, of course, also included in the present invention.
  • the standard shuttering modular element S is substantially parallelepipedic and reversible, that is to say symmetrical with respect to an axis ZZ 'passing through its center of gravity, and it is intended to be positioned so that this axis is vertical ( see figure 1).
  • This modular shuttering element comprises two plates 1, the interconnected by two spacers 2, 2 '.
  • these spacers each comprise at least one deep rebate 3, 3 ′ extending over the entire width of a median zone of its underside and / or at least one pair of rebates 4a, 4b, 4a ', 4b' extending over the entire height of a median zone on each of its sides.
  • the rebates 3, 3 ', 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b ' have a rectangular section, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the upper faces of the spacers define recesses 5, 5 'which can be rounded, as shown, or have other shapes.
  • Each planelle 1 comprises, in its upper part, a projection 8a, 8a 'and an upper area 9a,
  • Each of the longitudinal projections has, from the outside towards the inside of the modular shuttering element S, an inclined flank 10a, 10a 'relative to the vertical, a horizontal flank lia, lia' and a vertical flank 12a, 12a ' .
  • the inclined sides 10a, 10a ' preferably form an angle of about 30 ° relative to the vertical.
  • the longitudinal projections 8a, 8a ' are connected to the outer faces of the planes 1, l' by optional chamfers 15, 15 'formed in the upper horizontal edges of the modular shuttering element.
  • the optional chamfers 15, 15 ' preferably make an angle of about 45 ° relative to the vertical.
  • Each of the longitudinal grooves 8b, 8b ' has, from the outside to the inside of the modular shuttering element, a side inclined relative to the vertical 10b, 10b', a horizontal side 11b, 11b 'and a vertical side
  • the are preferably shaped so that when two modular shuttering elements are stacked one on the other, their upper longitudinal ranges 9a, 9a 'and lower 9b, 9b' bear against each other, while their protrusions 8a, 8a 'and their longitudinal grooves 8b, 8b' are separated by a clearance J, preferably at least equal to 2 mm (see Figure 2).
  • planelles 1, l 'each have a groove 17, 17' situated in line with the vertical flank of its longitudinal projection 8a, 8a ', and extending over the entire length of the upper part of the planelle.
  • the cumulative transverse extension E1 of a longitudinal projection 8a, 8a 'and an adjacent groove 17, 17' is substantially equal to the transverse extension E2 of a longitudinal groove 8b, 8b '(see FIG. 2).
  • Each planelle 1, l 'further comprises at least one chimney 18, 18' extending between its upper and lower faces, communicating with said groove 17, 17 '.
  • the lateral faces 20, 20 ′ of the modular shuttering element S intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements preferably also have profiles defining a complementary interlocking.
  • these lateral faces are preferably shaped so that when two modular elements are fitted one against the other, certain parts 21a, 21b of these lateral faces are pressed against each other. the others, and other parts 22a, 22b of these lateral faces are separated by a clearance (not shown) at least equal to 2 mm.
  • the modular elements described above can be manufactured by vibrating molding with a whole range of materials commonly used in the field of construction.
  • architectonic concrete that is to say satisfying certain aesthetic criteria: color, texture, etc.
  • Standard formwork modular elements are used for the parts in right alignment, modular formwork elements of left or right angle for the corners, and modular formwork elements of end or half-end for the openings of doors and windows.
  • the guiding and correct positioning of the modular shuttering elements of the second row R2 is ensured by the longitudinal grooves 8b, 8b ', which cooperate with the longitudinal projections 8a, 8a' of the shuttering modular elements of the first row RI.
  • the vertical loads are transferred only between the upper longitudinal ranges 9a, 9a 'and lower 9b, 9b', given the geometric characteristics described above. In these conditions, it is essential that the flatness of these areas is almost. ⁇ , Perfect, both to allow building a wall of regular appearance as to avoid the risk of cracking in provisional phase, that is to say before the concrete is poured (see below).
  • horizontal reinforcing members such as reinforcements 30 are deposited at regular horizontal intervals in the gutters formed by the hollow upper faces 5 of the spacers 2.
  • the arrangement in a straight stack or in staggered rows of modular shuttering elements has for effect of vertically aligning their spacers. It is thus also possible to place, at regular vertical intervals between the planes, vertical reinforcing members such as reinforcements (not shown).
  • a material such as concrete 40 is poured between the plates 1, l ', so as to fill all the free space situated between them and thus to constitute the structure of Wall.
  • This concrete 40 in particular fills the hollow parts formed by the upper faces of the spacers 2, 2 ', and the rebates 3, 3', 4a, 4b, 4a ', 4b' formed on the undersides and on the sides of these spacers, thus forming beads 41 extending parallel to the plane of the wall.
  • the complementary sockets of the projections 8a, 8a 'and the grooves 8b, 8b' longitudinal on the one hand, and the lateral parts on the other hand make it possible to form mechanical barriers which oppose dynamic water infiltration , that is to say in the infiltration of moving water (in the case of rain knocked down by the wind against the wall, for example).
  • the clearances between the projections 8a, 8a 'and the longitudinal grooves 8b, 8b' make it possible to produce separation zones between modular shuttering elements in which the water can hardly progress by capillarity. In this way, physical barriers to water infiltration are formed.
  • the play between the lateral faces 20, 20 ′ of the modular shuttering elements likewise contributes to suppressing water infiltration by capillary action.
  • the modular shuttering elements according to the invention may be intended to remain visible, from the outside at least. Thus, the factors contributing to their aesthetic quality are essential.
  • the optional horizontal chamfers 15, 15 "*" * make it possible to underline the joining lines between the modular elements, and thus to create a visual rhythm on the constructed walls.
  • the use of architectural concrete makes it possible to adapt the external appearance of the walls to the architectural constraints of the places where they are to be built.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown, which has been provided by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example.
  • the undersides of the spacers of the modular shuttering elements could include several rebates.
  • a wall made up of modular shuttering elements in accordance with the invention could be filled with a material having thermal and / or acoustic insulation properties, such as light concrete, ie synthetic aggregate concrete.

Abstract

The invention concerns a modular shuttering element (S) designed to form part of a wall filled with material such as concrete, comprising two panels (1, 1') linked together by at least a tie (2, 2'), characterised in that said tie (2, 2') comprises at least a deep rebate (3, 3') extending over the whole width of its underside and/or at least a pair of rebates (4a', 4b') extending over the whole height of each of its sides, so as to form airtight and watertight barriers in said material. The invention is applicable to the field of construction building.

Description

Elément modulaire coffrant pour paroi de bâtiment Modular shuttering element for building wall
La présente invention est relative à un élément modulaire coffrant pour paroi de bâtiment.The present invention relates to a modular shuttering element for a building wall.
Il est connu de réaliser, dans le domaine du bâtiment, des parois avec des éléments modulaires coffrants. Classiquement, ces éléments comportent deux planelles reliées entre elles par des entretoises, de sorte qu'un empilement de ces éléments forme en fait deux cloisons entre lesquelles il est possible de couler un matériau durcissant tel que du béton. Les planelles jouent alors le rôle de coffrage vis-à-vis du béton frais.It is known to produce, in the building sector, walls with modular shuttering elements. Conventionally, these elements comprise two plates connected to each other by spacers, so that a stack of these elements in fact forms two partitions between which it is possible to pour a hardening material such as concrete. The planelles then play the role of formwork vis-à-vis the fresh concrete.
Ces éléments modulaires permettent ainsi d' élever des parois sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'utiliser des éléments coffrants tels que des banches à béton que l'on utilise habituellement pour construire des parois en béton, ce qui permet de réaliser des économies importantes.These modular elements thus make it possible to raise walls without the need to use shuttering elements such as concrete formwork which is usually used to build concrete walls, which allows significant savings.
En outre, on peut s'arranger pour que les planelles de ces éléments modulaires aient un aspect suffisamment soigné pour qu'il ne soit pas nécessaire de les enduire, ce qui conduit également à des réductions de coût. Cela dit, on a pu constater que les parois construites avec des éléments modulaires coffrants de l'ensemble des techniques antérieures présentaient systématiquement des défauts d' étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau à cause de l'effet de pont inévitablement produit par les entretoises. Selon cet effet, l'air et l'eau réussissent à traverser la paroi en longeant les sous-faces et les côtés des entretoises.In addition, it can be arranged that the planelles of these modular elements have a sufficiently neat appearance that it is not necessary to coat them, which also leads to cost reductions. That said, it has been observed that the walls constructed with modular shuttering elements from all of the prior techniques systematically exhibited air and water tightness defects due to the bridging effect inevitably produced by the spacers. According to this effect, air and water manage to pass through the wall along the undersides and sides of the spacers.
De manière inévitable en effet, le béton coulé effectue un retrait sur l'ensemble des faces internes des éléments modulaires, et en particulier sur les sous-faces et sur les côtés des entretoises. Ce retrait du béton laisse un vide entre ce dernier et les sous-faces et les côtés de chaque entretoise. Ce vide constitue "~ systématiquement une rupture de contact continue, et par là-même un pont entre les planelles. On peut d'ailleurs systématiquement voir le jour au travers des parois construites avec des éléments modulaires coffrants en plaçant l'oeil au droit de chaque rangée d'éléments modulaires.Inevitably, in fact, the poured concrete shrinks all of the internal faces of the modular elements, and in particular on the undersides and on the sides of the spacers. This shrinkage of the concrete leaves a void between the latter and the undersides and sides of each spacer. This vacuum constitutes " ~ systematically a break in continuous contact, and thereby a bridge between the planelles. One can also systematically see the light of day through the walls built with modular shuttering elements by placing the eye to the right of each row of modular elements.
La présente invention a pour but de fournir un élément modulaire coffrant permettant de réaliser des parois totalement étanches à l'air et à l'eau.The object of the present invention is to provide a modular shuttering element making it possible to produce walls which are completely airtight and watertight.
On atteint ce but de l'invention, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront à la lecture de ce qui va suivre, avec un élément modulaire coffrant destiné à faire partie d'une paroi remplie d'un matériau tel que du béton, comportant deux planelles reliées entre elles par au moins une entretoise, remarquable en ce que ladite entretoise comporte au moins une feuillure profonde s'étendant sur toute la largeur de sa sous-face et/ou au moins une paire de feuillures s'étendant sur toute la hauteur de chacun de ses côtés, de manière à former des barrières d'étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau dans ledit matériau.This object of the invention is achieved, as well as others which will appear on reading what follows, with a modular shuttering element intended to be part of a wall filled with a material such as concrete, comprising two plates connected to each other by at least one spacer, remarkable in that said spacer comprises at least one deep rebate extending over the entire width of its underside and / or at least one pair of rebates extending over the entire height on each of its sides, so as to form air and water barriers in said material.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention: lesdites feuillures sont placées dans des zones médianes de la sous-face et/ou des côtés de ladite entretoise,According to other characteristics of the invention: said rebates are placed in median zones of the underside and / or of the sides of said spacer,
- lesdites feuillures ont une section sensiblement rectangulaire, les faces supérieures desdites entretoises définissent des creux, de manière à pouvoir recevoir ledit matériau et des organes de renfort tels que des ferraillages, lesdites planelles comportent chacune, dans sa partie supérieure, une saillie et une plage supérieure longitudinales et, dans sa partie inférieure, une gorge et une plage inférieure longitudinales définissant un emboîtement complémentaire, ._^- Said rebates have a substantially rectangular section, the upper faces of said spacers define recesses, so as to be able to receive said material and reinforcing members such as reinforcements, said planes each have, in its upper part, a projection and a range upper longitudinal and, in its lower part, a longitudinal groove and lower range defining a complementary nesting, ._ ^
- lesdites saillies, gorges et plages longitudinales sont conformées de manière que ledit emboîtement présente un jeu, afin d'éviter les infiltrations d'eau par capillarité, lesdites saillies et gorges longitudinales présentent, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur dudit élément, au moins un flanc incliné par rapport à la verticale, un flanc horizontal et un flanc vertical,- Said protrusions, grooves and longitudinal areas are shaped so that said socket has a clearance, in order to avoid infiltration of water by capillarity, said longitudinal projections and grooves have, from the outside towards the inside of said element, at least one side inclined relative to the vertical, one horizontal side and one side vertical,
- lesdites planelles comportent chacune au moins une cheminée s'étendant entre ses faces supérieure et inférieure, afin d' imposer un cheminement vertical aux éventuelles infiltrations d'eau,- said planelles each comprise at least one chimney extending between its upper and lower faces, in order to impose a vertical path on any water infiltration,
- lesdites planelles comportent chacune une rainure s'étendant sur toute la longueur de sa partie supérieure et communiquant avec ladite cheminée, afin de canaliser les éventuelles infiltrations d'eau vers ladite cheminée, - les faces latérales desdites planelles destinées à coopérer avec des éléments adjacents comportent des profils définissant un emboîtement complémentaire,- Said planelles each have a groove extending over the entire length of its upper part and communicating with said chimney, in order to channel any water infiltration towards said chimney, - the lateral faces of said planelles intended to cooperate with adjacent elements have profiles defining a complementary nesting,
- lesdites faces latérales sont conformées de manière que ledit emboîtement présente un jeu, afin d'éviter les infiltrations d'eau par capillarité.- Said side faces are shaped so that said socket has a play, in order to avoid water infiltration by capillary action.
La présente invention concerne également une paroi formée par des éléments modulaires coffrants conformes à ce qui précède, remplis d'un matériau tel que du béton.The present invention also relates to a wall formed by modular shuttering elements in accordance with the above, filled with a material such as concrete.
Grâce aux caractéristiques mentionnées ci-dessus, lorsqu'on coule un matériau tel que du béton dans une paroi formée d'éléments modulaires selon l'invention, celui-ci va se loger dans les feuillures formées sur les sous-faces et sur les côtés des entretoises, formant ainsi des barrières d' etanchéité vis-à-vis de l'air et de l'eau qui resteront efficaces malgré le retrait du béton.Thanks to the characteristics mentioned above, when a material such as concrete is poured into a wall formed of modular elements according to the invention, it will become lodged in the rebates formed on the undersides and on the sides spacers, thus forming sealing barriers against air and water which will remain effective despite the removal of the concrete.
D' autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qu-i va suivre et à l'examen du dessin annexé dans lequel:Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the description which follows and on examining the appended drawing in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un élément modulaire coffrant standard selon l'invention, et - la figure 2 est une vue de côté d'un empilement de deux éléments modulaires standard selon l'invention, remplis de béton; le béton n' a été représenté que dans les zones nécessaires à la compréhension de l'invention. Sur ces figures, des références numériques identiques désignent des organes ou des ensembles d'organes identiques ou analogues.FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a standard modular shuttering element according to the invention, and - Figure 2 is a side view of a stack of two standard modular elements according to the invention, filled with concrete; concrete has only been shown in the areas necessary for understanding the invention. In these figures, identical reference numerals denote identical or analogous members or sets of members.
On se reporte à présent à la figure 1, sur laquelle on peut voir un élément modulaire coffrant standard S selon l'invention. Par « standard », on désigne un élément modulaire coffrant destiné à être placé dans une partie courante de paroi, par opposition aux éléments modulaires coffrants « singuliers », nécessaires pour exécuter les angles, les chaînages, les ouvertures de portes et de fenêtres, etc.Referring now to Figure 1, on which we can see a modular formwork element standard S according to the invention. By “standard”, we mean a modular shuttering element intended to be placed in a common part of the wall, as opposed to “shuttering” modular shuttering elements, necessary to execute angles, chaining, door and window openings, etc. .
Bien qu'ils ne soient pas représentés, les éléments modulaires coffrants singuliers sont, bien entendu, également inclus dans la présente invention.Although not shown, the modular modular shuttering elements are, of course, also included in the present invention.
L'élément modulaire coffrant standard S est sensiblement parallélépipédique et réversible, c'est-à-dire symétrique par rapport à un axe ZZ' passant par son centre de gravité, et il est destiné à être positionné de sorte que cet axe soit vertical (voir figure 1) .The standard shuttering modular element S is substantially parallelepipedic and reversible, that is to say symmetrical with respect to an axis ZZ 'passing through its center of gravity, and it is intended to be positioned so that this axis is vertical ( see figure 1).
Cet élément modulaire coffrant comporte deux planelles 1, l' reliées entre elles par deux entretoises 2, 2' .This modular shuttering element comprises two plates 1, the interconnected by two spacers 2, 2 '.
Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, ces entretoises comportent chacune au moins une feuillure profonde 3, 3' s'étendant sur toute la largeur d'une zone médiane de sa sous-face et/ou au moins une paire de feuillures 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b' s'étendant sur toute la hauteur d'une zone médiane de chacun de ses côtés. De préférence, sans pour autant que cela présente un caractère limitatii- ces feuillures 3, 3' , 4a, 4b, 4a' , 4b' ont une section rectangulaire, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 1. Les faces supérieures des entretoises définissent des creux 5, 5' qui peuvent être arrondis, comme cela est représenté, ou avoir d'autres formes.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, these spacers each comprise at least one deep rebate 3, 3 ′ extending over the entire width of a median zone of its underside and / or at least one pair of rebates 4a, 4b, 4a ', 4b' extending over the entire height of a median zone on each of its sides. Preferably, without this being of a limiting nature, the rebates 3, 3 ', 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b 'have a rectangular section, as shown in FIG. 1. The upper faces of the spacers define recesses 5, 5 'which can be rounded, as shown, or have other shapes.
Chaque planelle 1, l' comporte, dans sa partie supérieure, une saillie 8a, 8a' et une plage supérieure 9a,Each planelle 1, the comprises, in its upper part, a projection 8a, 8a 'and an upper area 9a,
9a' longitudinales et, dans sa partie inférieure, une gorge9a 'longitudinal and, in its lower part, a groove
8b, 8b' et une plage inférieure 9b, 9b' longitudinales définissant un emboîtement complémentaire.8b, 8b 'and a lower range 9b, 9b' longitudinal defining a complementary nesting.
Chacune des saillies longitudinales présente, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de l'élément modulaire coffrant S, un flanc incliné 10a, 10a' par rapport à la verticale, un flanc horizontal lia, lia' et un flanc vertical 12a, 12a' .Each of the longitudinal projections has, from the outside towards the inside of the modular shuttering element S, an inclined flank 10a, 10a 'relative to the vertical, a horizontal flank lia, lia' and a vertical flank 12a, 12a ' .
Les flancs inclinés 10a, 10a' font de préférence un angle d'environ 30° par rapport à la verticale.The inclined sides 10a, 10a 'preferably form an angle of about 30 ° relative to the vertical.
Les saillies longitudinales 8a, 8a' sont reliées aux faces extérieures des planelles 1, l' par des chanfreins optionnels 15, 15' formés dans les arêtes horizontales supérieures de l'élément modulaire coffrant. Les chanfreins optionnels 15, 15' font de préférence un angle d'environ 45° par rapport à la verticale.The longitudinal projections 8a, 8a 'are connected to the outer faces of the planes 1, l' by optional chamfers 15, 15 'formed in the upper horizontal edges of the modular shuttering element. The optional chamfers 15, 15 'preferably make an angle of about 45 ° relative to the vertical.
Chacune des gorges longitudinales 8b, 8b' présente, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de l'élément modulaire coffrant, un flanc incliné par rapport à la verticale 10b, 10b' , un flanc horizontal 11b, 11b' et un flanc verticalEach of the longitudinal grooves 8b, 8b 'has, from the outside to the inside of the modular shuttering element, a side inclined relative to the vertical 10b, 10b', a horizontal side 11b, 11b 'and a vertical side
12b, 12b' .12b, 12b '.
Ces gorges longitudinales sont reliées aux faces extérieures des planelles 1, l' par des flancs horizontaux 16, 16' situés dans le même plan que les plages longitudinales inférieures 9b, 9b' .These longitudinal grooves are connected to the outer faces of the planelles 1, l 'by horizontal flanks 16, 16' situated in the same plane as the lower longitudinal areas 9b, 9b '.
Les parties supérieures et inférieures des planellesThe upper and lower parts of the planelles
1, l' sont de préférence conformées de sorte que lorsque deux éléments modulaires coffrants sont empilés l'un sur l'autre, leurs plages longitudinales supérieures 9a, 9a' et inférieures 9b, 9b' s'appuient les unes contre les autres, tandis que leurs saillies 8a, 8a' et leurs gorges 8b, 8b' longitudinales sont séparées par un jeu J, de préférence au moins égal à 2 mm (voir figure 2) .1, the are preferably shaped so that when two modular shuttering elements are stacked one on the other, their upper longitudinal ranges 9a, 9a 'and lower 9b, 9b' bear against each other, while their protrusions 8a, 8a 'and their longitudinal grooves 8b, 8b' are separated by a clearance J, preferably at least equal to 2 mm (see Figure 2).
Les planelles 1, l' comportent chacune une rainure 17, 17' située au droit du flanc vertical de sa saillie longitudinale 8a, 8a', et s'étendant sur toute la longueur de la partie supérieure de la planelle.The planelles 1, l 'each have a groove 17, 17' situated in line with the vertical flank of its longitudinal projection 8a, 8a ', and extending over the entire length of the upper part of the planelle.
L'extension transversale cumulée El d'une saillie longitudinale 8a, 8a' et d'une rainure adjacente 17, 17' est sensiblement égale à l'extension transversale E2 d'une gorge longitudinale 8b, 8b' (voir figure 2) .The cumulative transverse extension E1 of a longitudinal projection 8a, 8a 'and an adjacent groove 17, 17' is substantially equal to the transverse extension E2 of a longitudinal groove 8b, 8b '(see FIG. 2).
Chaque planelle 1, l' comporte en outre au moins une cheminée 18, 18' s'étendant entre ses faces supérieure et inférieure, communiquant avec ladite rainure 17, 17' . Les faces latérales 20, 20' de l'élément modulaire coffrant S destinées à coopérer avec des éléments modulaires adjacents présentent de préférence également des profils définissant un emboîtement complémentaire.Each planelle 1, l 'further comprises at least one chimney 18, 18' extending between its upper and lower faces, communicating with said groove 17, 17 '. The lateral faces 20, 20 ′ of the modular shuttering element S intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements preferably also have profiles defining a complementary interlocking.
De même que les parties supérieures et inférieures des planelles, ces faces latérales sont de préférence conformées de sorte que lorsque deux éléments modulaires sont emboîtés l'un contre l'autre, certaines parties 21a, 21b de ces faces latérales s'appuient les unes contre les autres, et d'autres parties 22a, 22b de ces faces latérales sont séparées par un jeu (non représenté) au moins égal à 2 mm.Like the upper and lower parts of the planelles, these lateral faces are preferably shaped so that when two modular elements are fitted one against the other, certain parts 21a, 21b of these lateral faces are pressed against each other. the others, and other parts 22a, 22b of these lateral faces are separated by a clearance (not shown) at least equal to 2 mm.
Les éléments modulaires décrits ci-dessus peuvent être fabriqués par moulage vibrant avec toute une gamme de matériaux couramment utilisés dans le domaine de la construction. De manière préférée, on utilisera du béton architectonique (c'est-à-dire satisfaisant à certains critères esthétiques: couleur, texture,...) hydrofugé. ^,The modular elements described above can be manufactured by vibrating molding with a whole range of materials commonly used in the field of construction. Preferably, architectonic concrete (that is to say satisfying certain aesthetic criteria: color, texture, etc.) will be used. ^ ,
Le mode de mise en oeuvre et les avantages de l'élément modulaire coffrant selon l'invention découlent directement de la description qui précède. Dans ce qui suit, on se référera plus spécifiquement à la figure 2 du dessin annexé.The mode of implementation and the advantages of the modular shuttering element according to the invention follow directly from the above description. In what follows, reference will be made more specifically to FIG. 2 of the appended drawing.
Pour réaliser une paroi, on commence par poser une première rangée RI d'éléments modulaires coffrants sur un sol parfaitement horizontal, obtenu par exemple avec une dalle de béton (non représentée) .To make a wall, we start by placing a first row RI of modular shuttering elements on a perfectly horizontal floor, obtained for example with a concrete slab (not shown).
On emboîte ces éléments modulaires coffrants les uns contre les autres grâce aux profils complémentaires de leurs faces latérales. On utilise des éléments modulaires coffrants standard pour les parties en alignement droit, des éléments modulaires coffrants d' angle gauche ou droit pour les coins, et des éléments modulaires coffrants d' about ou de demi-about pour les ouvertures de portes et de fenêtres. Un fois que la première rangée RI d' éléments modulaires coffrants est posée, on vient superposer une seconde rangée R2 d'éléments modulaires coffrants de manière à former un empilement droit, c'est à dire sans décalage horizontal entre les deux rangées, ou en quinconce, c'est-à-dire de sorte que les deux rangées soient décalées horizontalement d'une demi-longueur d'élément modulaire coffrant.These modular shuttering elements are fitted against each other thanks to the complementary profiles of their lateral faces. Standard formwork modular elements are used for the parts in right alignment, modular formwork elements of left or right angle for the corners, and modular formwork elements of end or half-end for the openings of doors and windows. Once the first row RI of modular shuttering elements is laid, a second row R2 is superimposed on modular shuttering elements so as to form a straight stack, that is to say without horizontal offset between the two rows, or in staggered, that is to say so that the two rows are horizontally offset by half a length of modular shuttering element.
Le guidage et le positionnement correct des éléments modulaires coffrants de la seconde rangée R2 est assuré par les gorges longitudinales 8b, 8b' , qui coopèrent avec les saillies longitudinales 8a, 8a' des éléments modulaires coffrants de la première rangée RI.The guiding and correct positioning of the modular shuttering elements of the second row R2 is ensured by the longitudinal grooves 8b, 8b ', which cooperate with the longitudinal projections 8a, 8a' of the shuttering modular elements of the first row RI.
Le report des charges verticales s'effectue uniquement entre les plages longitudinales supérieures 9a, 9a' et inférieures 9b, 9b' , étant données les caractéristiques géométriques décrites précédemment. Dans ces conditions, il est indispensable que la planéité de ces plages soit quasi.^, parfaite, tant pour permettre d'édifier une paroi d'aspect régulier que pour éviter les risques de fissuration en phase provisoire, c'est-à-dire avant le coulage du béton (voir ci-après) .The vertical loads are transferred only between the upper longitudinal ranges 9a, 9a 'and lower 9b, 9b', given the geometric characteristics described above. In these conditions, it is essential that the flatness of these areas is almost. ^, Perfect, both to allow building a wall of regular appearance as to avoid the risk of cracking in provisional phase, that is to say before the concrete is poured (see below).
Pour élever la paroi, on répète les opérations d'emboîtement et d'empilement autant de fois qu'il est nécessaire.To raise the wall, the nesting and stacking operations are repeated as many times as necessary.
Ce faisant, on dépose à intervalles horizontaux réguliers des organes de renfort horizontaux tels que des ferraillages 30 dans les gouttières formées par les faces supérieures creuses 5 des entretoises 2. La disposition en empilement droit ou en quinconce des rangées d'éléments modulaires coffrants a pour effet d'aligner verticalement leurs entretoises. On peut ainsi placer également à intervalles verticaux réguliers entre les planelles des organes de renfort verticaux tels que des ferraillages (non représentés) .In doing so, horizontal reinforcing members such as reinforcements 30 are deposited at regular horizontal intervals in the gutters formed by the hollow upper faces 5 of the spacers 2. The arrangement in a straight stack or in staggered rows of modular shuttering elements has for effect of vertically aligning their spacers. It is thus also possible to place, at regular vertical intervals between the planes, vertical reinforcing members such as reinforcements (not shown).
Une fois que la paroi a atteint une certaine hauteur, on vient couler un matériau tel que du béton 40 entre les planelles 1, l', de manière à remplir tout l'espace libre situé entre celles-ci et à constituer ainsi la structure de la paroi.Once the wall has reached a certain height, a material such as concrete 40 is poured between the plates 1, l ', so as to fill all the free space situated between them and thus to constitute the structure of Wall.
Ce béton 40 vient en particulier remplir les parties creuses formées par les faces supérieures des entretoises 2, 2', et les feuillures 3, 3', 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b' formées sur les sous-faces et sur les côtés de ces entretoises, formant ainsi des cordons 41 s'étendant parallèlement au plan de la paroi.This concrete 40 in particular fills the hollow parts formed by the upper faces of the spacers 2, 2 ', and the rebates 3, 3', 4a, 4b, 4a ', 4b' formed on the undersides and on the sides of these spacers, thus forming beads 41 extending parallel to the plane of the wall.
Le problème d' etanchéité à l'air et à l'eau lié aux éléments modulaires coffrants de la technique antérieure est résolu par ces cordons 41, qui forment des barrières d' etanchéité aux infiltrations d'air et d'eau par capillarité sur les sous-faces et sur les côtés des entretoises 2, 2', demeurant efficaces malgré le retrait dr? béton 40. On supprime de la sorte l'effet de pont de la technique antérieure (voir le préambule de la présente description) . On notera en outre que la quantité d' eau susceptible d'atteindre ces cordons est largement réduite par la géométrie des parties supérieures, inférieures et latérales des planelles 1, l', ainsi que par les rainures 17, 17' et les cheminées 18, 18' formées dans ces planelles.The problem of air and water tightness linked to the modular shuttering elements of the prior art is solved by these cords 41, which form barriers of sealing against air and water infiltration by capillary action on the undersides and on the sides of the spacers 2, 2 ', remaining effective despite the withdrawal dr? concrete 40. This eliminates the bridging effect of the prior art (see the preamble to this description). It will also be noted that the quantity of water capable of reaching these beads is greatly reduced by the geometry of the upper, lower and lateral parts of the planelles 1, l ', as well as by the grooves 17, 17' and the chimneys 18, 18 'formed in these planelles.
En effet, les emboîtements complémentaires des saillies 8a, 8a' et des gorges 8b, 8b' longitudinales d'une part, et des parties latérales d'autre part, permettent de former des barrières mécaniques qui s'opposent aux infiltrations dynamiques d'eau, c'est-à-dire aux infiltrations d'eau en mouvement (cas d'une pluie rabattue par le vent contre la paroi, par exemple) .Indeed, the complementary sockets of the projections 8a, 8a 'and the grooves 8b, 8b' longitudinal on the one hand, and the lateral parts on the other hand, make it possible to form mechanical barriers which oppose dynamic water infiltration , that is to say in the infiltration of moving water (in the case of rain knocked down by the wind against the wall, for example).
Qui plus est, les jeux entre les saillies 8a, 8a' et les gorges 8b, 8b' longitudinales permettent de réaliser des zones de séparation entre éléments modulaires coffrants dans lesquelles l'eau peut difficilement progresser par capillarité. On forme de la sorte des barrières physiques aux infiltrations d'eau.What is more, the clearances between the projections 8a, 8a 'and the longitudinal grooves 8b, 8b' make it possible to produce separation zones between modular shuttering elements in which the water can hardly progress by capillarity. In this way, physical barriers to water infiltration are formed.
Les cheminées 18, 18' formées dans les planelles 1, 1', alignées verticalement, permettent de récupérer l'eau qui parviendrait malgré tout jusqu'aux rainures 17, 17' formées sur les parties supérieures des planelles, et de conduire cette eau jusqu'au pied de la paroi.The chimneys 18, 18 'formed in the planelles 1, 1', aligned vertically, make it possible to recover the water which would nevertheless reach the grooves 17, 17 'formed on the upper parts of the planelles, and to conduct this water up to 'at the foot of the wall.
Le jeu entre les faces latérales 20, 20' des éléments modulaires coffrants contribue, de la même manière, à supprimer les infiltrations d'eau par capillarité.The play between the lateral faces 20, 20 ′ of the modular shuttering elements likewise contributes to suppressing water infiltration by capillary action.
Par ailleurs, on doit garder à l'esprit le fait que les éléments modulaires coffrants selon l'invention peuvent être destinés à rester visibles, de l'extérieur au moins. Ainsi, les facteurs contribuant à leur qualité esthétique sont primordiaux.Furthermore, it should be borne in mind that the modular shuttering elements according to the invention may be intended to remain visible, from the outside at least. Thus, the factors contributing to their aesthetic quality are essential.
Les chanfreins optionnels horizontaux 15, 15"*"* permettent de souligner les lignes de jointure entre les éléments modulaires, et ainsi de créer un rythme visuel sur les parois construites. L'utilisation de béton architectonique permet d'adapter l'aspect extérieur des parois aux contraintes architecturales des lieux où elles doivent être construites. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté, qui a été fourni à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif.The optional horizontal chamfers 15, 15 "*" * make it possible to underline the joining lines between the modular elements, and thus to create a visual rhythm on the constructed walls. The use of architectural concrete makes it possible to adapt the external appearance of the walls to the architectural constraints of the places where they are to be built. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown, which has been provided by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example.
C'est ainsi par exemple que les faces inférieures des entretoises des éléments modulaires coffrants pourraient comporter plusieurs feuillures.Thus, for example, the undersides of the spacers of the modular shuttering elements could include several rebates.
C'est ainsi également que l'élément modulaire coffrant selon l'invention pourrait être utilisé pour élever des parois courbes.This is also how the modular shuttering element according to the invention could be used to raise curved walls.
C'est ainsi également que l'on pourrait remplir une paroi composée d'éléments modulaires coffrants conformes à l'invention d'un matériau présentant des propriétés d'isolation thermique et/ou acoustique, tel que du béton léger, c'est-à-dire du béton à granulats synthétiques. It is also thus that a wall made up of modular shuttering elements in accordance with the invention could be filled with a material having thermal and / or acoustic insulation properties, such as light concrete, ie synthetic aggregate concrete.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Elément modulaire coffrant (S) destiné à faire partie d'une paroi remplie d'un matériau tel que du béton1. Modular shuttering element (S) intended to be part of a wall filled with a material such as concrete
(40), comportant deux planelles (1, l') reliées entre elles par au moins une entretoise (2, 2'), caractérisé en ce que ladite entretoise (2, 2' ) comporte au moins une feuillure profonde (3, 3') s'étendant sur toute la largeur de sa sous-face et/ou au moins une paire de feuillures (4a, 4b, 4a', 4b') s'étendant sur toute la hauteur de chacun de ses côtés, de manière à former des barrières d' etanchéité (41) à l'air et à l'eau dans ledit matériau (40) .(40), comprising two plates (1, l ') connected together by at least one spacer (2, 2'), characterized in that said spacer (2, 2 ') comprises at least one deep rebate (3, 3 ') extending over the entire width of its underside and / or at least one pair of rebates (4a, 4b, 4a', 4b ') extending over the entire height of each of its sides, so as to forming air and water barriers (41) in said material (40).
2. Elément (S) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites feuillures (3, 3', 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b') sont placées dans des zones médianes de la sous-face et/ou des côtés de ladite entretoise (2, 2' ) .2. Element (S) according to claim 1, characterized in that said rebates (3, 3 ', 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b ') are placed in median areas of the underside and / or sides of said spacer (2, 2 ').
3. Elément (S) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que lesdites feuillures (3, 3', 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b') ont une section sensiblement rectangulaire.3. Element (S) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said rebates (3, 3 ', 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b ') have a substantially rectangular section.
4. Elément (S) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les faces supérieures desdites entretoises (2, 2') définissent des creux (5, 5'), de manière à pouvoir recevoir ledit matériau (40) et des organes de renfort tels que des ferraillages (30) . 4. Element (S) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper faces of said spacers (2, 2 ') define recesses (5, 5'), so as to be able to receive said material ( 40) and reinforcing members such as reinforcements (30).
5. Elément (S) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites planelles (1, l') comportent chacune, dans sa partie supérieure, une saillie (8a, 8a') et une plage supérieure5. Element (S) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said planes (1, l ') each have, in its upper part, a projection (8a, 8a') and an upper range
(9a, 9a') longitudinales et, dans sa partie inférieure, une gorge (8b, 8b') et une plage inférieure (9b, 9b') longitudinales définissant un emboîtement complémentaire.(9a, 9a ') longitudinal and, in its lower part, a groove (8b, 8b') and a lower range (9b, 9b ') longitudinal defining a complementary nesting.
6. Elément (S) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdites saillies (8a, 8a'), gorges (8b, 8b') et plages (9a, 9a', 9b, 9b') longitudinales sont conformées de manière que ledit emboîtement présente un jeu (J) , afin d'éviter les infiltrations d'eau par capillarité.6. Element (S) according to claim 5, characterized in that said projections (8a, 8a '), grooves (8b, 8b') and ranges (9a, 9a ', 9b, 9b') are longitudinal shaped so that said socket has a clearance (J), in order to avoid water infiltration by capillary action.
7. Elément (S) selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdites saillies (8a, 8a') et gorges (8b, 8b') longitudinales présentent, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur dudit élément, au moins un flanc incliné (10a,7. Element (S) according to either of Claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the said longitudinal projections (8a, 8a ') and grooves (8b, 8b') have, from the outside towards the inside of the said element, at least one inclined flank (10a,
10a', 10b, 10b') par rapport à la verticale, un flanc horizontal (lia, lia', 11b, 11b') et un flanc vertical10a ', 10b, 10b') relative to the vertical, a horizontal flank (lia, lia ', 11b, 11b') and a vertical flank
(12a, 12a', 12b, 12b' ) . (12a, 12a ', 12b, 12b').
8. Elément (S) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites planelles (1, l') comportent chacune au moins une cheminée8. Element (S) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said planes (1, l ') each comprise at least one chimney
(18, 18') s'étendant entre ses faces supérieure et inférieure, afin d' imposer un cheminement vertical aux éventuelles infiltrations d'eau.(18, 18 ') extending between its upper and lower faces, in order to impose a vertical path on any water infiltration.
9. Elément (S) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdites planelles (1, l') comportent chacune une rainure (17, 17') s'étendant sur toute la longueur de sa partie supérieure et communiquant avec ladite cheminée (18, 18'), afin de canaliser les éventuelles infiltrations d'eau vers ladite cheminée (18, 18').9. Element (S) according to claim 8, characterized in that said planes (1, l ') each have a groove (17, 17') extending over the entire length of its upper part and communicating with said chimney ( 18, 18 '), in order to channel any water infiltration towards said chimney (18, 18').
10. Elément (S) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les faces latérales (20a, 20b) desdites planelles destinées à coopérer avec des éléments adjacents comportent des profils définissant un emboîtement complémentaire.10. Element (S) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral faces (20a, 20b) of said planes intended to cooperate with adjacent elements comprise profiles defining a complementary interlocking.
11. Elément (S) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que lesdites faces latérales (20a, 20b) sont conformées de manière que ledit emboîtement présente un jeu, afin d'éviter les infiltrations d'eau par capillarité.11. Element (S) according to claim 10, characterized in that said lateral faces (20a, 20b) are shaped so that said interlocking has a play, in order to avoid infiltration of water by capillarity.
12. Paroi, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est composée d'éléments modulaires coffrants (S) conformes à l'u»€ quelconque des revendications précédentes, remplis d'un matériau tel que du béton (40) . 12. Wall, characterized in that it is composed of modular shuttering elements (S) in accordance with any of the preceding claims, filled with a material such as concrete (40).
EP99964751A 1998-12-31 1999-12-31 Modular shuttering element for building wall Expired - Lifetime EP1060312B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR9816714A FR2788071B1 (en) 1998-12-31 1998-12-31 MODULAR ELEMENT FOR THE BUILDING WALL
FR9816714 1998-12-31
PCT/FR1999/003327 WO2000040818A1 (en) 1998-12-31 1999-12-31 Modular shuttering element for building wall

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WO2009075412A1 (en) 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Kyu-Hue Kim Building block, building structure and the method of bricking wall using the same
AU2008336523A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Kang-Suck Kim Building block, building structure and the method of bricking wall using the same
US8429873B2 (en) 2008-10-15 2013-04-30 Timothy P. Devine, JR. Modular construction panels, systems, and methods of installation
CN101550739B (en) * 2009-05-12 2011-11-09 四川善晟建筑智能化工程有限公司 Composite building module for building plane structure and manufacturing method thereof
FR2991353B1 (en) * 2012-06-05 2016-07-01 Jean Yves Moulin BUILDING BRICK FOR DRY INSTALLATION
US10907348B2 (en) 2013-11-07 2021-02-02 Csr Building Products Limited Building component
US10519654B2 (en) * 2013-11-07 2019-12-31 Csr Building Products Limited Building component
US9828766B2 (en) * 2014-07-04 2017-11-28 Iida Group Holdings Co., Ltd. Construction block and wall face structure using same
FR3048440B1 (en) * 2016-03-07 2021-07-30 Claude Letulle MODULAR CONSTRUCTION UNITS WITH RESERVATIONS
BR102017013895B1 (en) * 2017-06-27 2023-11-14 Zeenni Engenharia E Construções Ltda IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN A REINFORCED CONCRETE VENTILATED WALL MODULE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS IN GENERAL AND THEIR INDUSTRIALIZED CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
KR102292081B1 (en) * 2020-07-10 2021-08-24 한국건설기술연구원 Nailless prefabricated panel having stud and spacer, and wall construction method using the same

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AU3050100A (en) 2000-07-24
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JP2002534624A (en) 2002-10-15
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KR20010089111A (en) 2001-09-29
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ATE279600T1 (en) 2004-10-15
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WO2000040818A1 (en) 2000-07-13
TR200002532T1 (en) 2000-12-21

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EP0089887A2 (en) Building block

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