JP2002534624A - Modular formwork elements for building walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a modular shuttering element (S) designed to form part of a wall filled with material such as concrete, comprising two panels (1, 1') linked together by at least a tie (2, 2'), characterised in that said tie (2, 2') comprises at least a deep rebate (3, 3') extending over the whole width of its underside and/or at least a pair of rebates (4a', 4b') extending over the whole height of each of its sides, so as to form airtight and watertight barriers in said material. The invention is applicable to the field of construction building.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a modular formwork element for building walls.

[0002] In the building industry, the assembly of walls using modular formwork elements is known.

[0003] Conventionally, these elements include two elements connected to each other by spacers or cross members.
One panel is included, whereby a stack of such elements forms two partitions between which a hardening material, such as concrete, can be poured. Thus, these panels play the role of a formwork facing the fresh concrete.

[0004] Accordingly, such modular elements make it possible to build walls without the need to use form elements such as concrete dams which are customarily used to construct concrete walls. Yes, thereby saving considerable costs.

[0005] In addition, these modular element panels can be made to have a sufficiently good appearance without the need for painting, while realizing cost savings.

[0006] Thus, the walls built with modular formwork elements from all the conventional techniques are not suitable for the bridging effect created by the spacers or cross members,
It was found that watertight and airtight defects were systematically exhibited. This bridging effect means that air and water penetrate the wall along the cross-section and side surfaces of the spacer.

The poured concrete necessarily shrinks on all the inner surfaces of this modular element, especially on the cross section and on both sides of the spacer. Such shrinkage of the concrete creates a dead space between the concrete and the cross section and both sides of each spacer. This space systematically forms a break in continuous contact, thereby forming a bridge between the panels. In addition, if you look at the line where each row of modular elements is,
Daylight is systematically visible through the walls made up of modular formwork elements.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a modular formwork element that can provide a wall that is completely airtight and watertight.

[0009] This object, as well as other objects that will become more apparent from the description below,
Comprising two panels intended to form part of a wall filled with a material such as concrete and connected by at least one spacer or crosspiece;
As a novel feature, the spacer includes at least one deep groove extending over the entire width of its cross-section and / or at least one pair of grooves extending over the respective height of each of its opposite sides, This is achieved with a modular formwork element in which air-tight and water-tight partitions are formed in said material.

[0010] Still another feature of the present invention is as follows. The deep groove is located in an intermediate region of the transverse face of the spacer and / or on both side faces of the spacer; The groove has a substantially rectangular cross section; -The upper surface of the spacer defines a hollow portion for receiving the material and a reinforcing member such as a steel reinforcing member. -Each of said panels has an upper part to define an interfitting configuration,
It includes a longitudinal ridge and an upper longitudinal flat, and a lower portion thereof includes a longitudinal groove and a lower longitudinal flat. The longitudinal ridges, grooves and flats are formed so as to have gaps in order to prevent ingress of water by capillary action when they are fitted together. The longitudinal ridges and grooves have at least one flank, a horizontal flank and a vertical flank which are inclined with respect to a vertical line so as to move from outside to inside of the element; I have. Each of said panels comprises at least one passage extending between its upper and lower surfaces, thereby providing a vertical drainage of water that may enter. -Each of said panels includes a groove extending the entire length of its upper part and communicating with said passage for directing water which may enter into said passage. -The sides of the panel, designed to cooperate with neighboring elements, carry a profile defining an interfit; The side faces are formed, whereby the fit provides a gap to prevent ingress of water by capillary action.

The present invention also provides a wall composed of a modular formwork element as described above and filled with a material such as concrete.

[0012] Thanks to the above features, when a material such as concrete is poured into a wall formed from the modular element according to the invention, the wall is placed on the transverse and both sides of the spacer. Fits into the groove or notch formed,
Airtight and watertight partitions are formed that will remain despite the shrinkage of the concrete.

[0013] Other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In these drawings, the same reference numerals indicate parts or parts collections having the same or similar functions.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a standard modular formwork element S of the present invention can be seen. The term "standard" here refers to the installation on a normal wall for the "special" modular formwork elements necessary to form angles, fixing means, door and window openings, etc. Means the intended modular formwork element.

Although not shown, it is clear that special modular formwork elements are included in the present invention.

A standard modular formwork element S is substantially parallelepiped-shaped and reversible, in other words symmetrical about an axis ZZ ′ passing through its center of gravity, and positioned such that this axis is perpendicular. It is designed to be

This modular formwork element comprises two panels 1, 1 'joined together by spacers or crosspieces 2, 2'.

According to one essential feature of the invention, each of the spacers
At least one deep cut or groove 3 over the entire width of the central area of the transverse plane
, 3 'and / or at least one pair of cuts or grooves 4a, 4a', 4b, 4b 'over the entire height of the central region of each side thereof. Preferably, but not a limiting feature, these cuts or grooves 3, 3 ', 4a, 4a', 4b, 4b 'have a rectangular cross section as shown in FIG.

The other surface of the spacer defines a hollow part 5, 5 ′, which may be rounded or other shaped as shown.

Each panel 1, 1 ′ has, at its upper part, a longitudinal ridge 8a, 8a ′ and an upper longitudinal flat part 9a, 9a ′, and at its lower part, a longitudinal groove 8b, 8b ′ and a lower part. Flat parts 9b, 9b
'To define the interfitting configuration.

The longitudinal ridges respectively extend from the outside to the inside of the modular formwork element, edges 10a, 10a ′ inclined with respect to the vertical and horizontal clearance surfaces 11a, 11a ′ and vertical clearance surfaces 12a, 12a. '
And

The inclined flank 10a, 10a 'preferably forms an angle of about 30 degrees with the vertical. The longitudinal ridges 8a, 8a 'meet the outer surfaces of the panels 1, 1' via optional chamfers 15, 15 'formed at the upper horizontal end of the modular formwork element.

Preferably, the optional chamfers 15, 15 'make an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical. Longitudinal groove 8
b, 8b ', respectively, have a flank 10b, 10b' inclined with respect to the vertical, a horizontal flank 11d and a vertical flank 12b, 12b 'from the outside to the inside of the modular formwork element. .

These longitudinal grooves are provided with horizontal flank surfaces 16 in the same plane as the lower longitudinal flats 9b, 9b ′.
, 16 'and the outer surfaces of the panels 1, 1'.

The upper and lower parts of the panels 1, 1 ′ are such that when two modular form elements are stacked one on top of the other, the upper longitudinal flats 9a, 9a ′ and the lower longitudinal flats 9b, 9b ′ Are preferably formed so that the longitudinal protrusions 8a, 8a 'and the grooves 8b, 8b' are separated from each other by the gap J, preferably at least 2 mm (see FIG. 2).

The panels 1, 1 ′ each have a longitudinal ridge 8a, 8a ′ over the entire length of the upper part of the panel.
Including grooves 17, 17 'lined up in a vertical flank of the vehicle.

The total width E1 of the longitudinal ridges 8a, 8a 'and the adjacent grooves 17, 17' is equal to the length of the longitudinal grooves 8b, 8
It is almost equal to the width E2 of b '(see FIG. 2).

Each panel 1, 1 ′ also has at least one passage 18, 18 ′ from its top to the bottom.
And this passage communicates with the grooves 17, 17 '.

The sides 20, 20 'of the modular formwork element S are preferably designed to mate with adjacent modular elements which also have an interlocking contour.

As well as the upper and lower parts of the panel, these sides also have one part (21a, 21b) of these sides touching one another when the two modular elements are fitted together and another part (21a, 21b). 22a, 22b) are at least 2 mm gap (not shown)
It is preferable to form them so as to be apart from each other.

The modular elements described above can be made by vibration molding using the full range of materials normally used in the construction field. Preferably,
Architectural grade concrete (in other words, satisfying aesthetic standards such as color and texture) and waterproof.

The actual implementation and advantages of the modular formwork element of the present invention will become apparent from the foregoing description.

The following is a more specific description of FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings.

The first step in making the wall is to place the modular formwork elements of the first row R1 in a completely horizontal location, for example obtained on a concrete foundation (not shown).

The modular formwork elements are fitted to one another by means of the joint profiles on the sides.

The standard modular formwork elements are used for straight sections, the left and right side modular formwork elements are corners, the frame and half-frame modular formwork elements are door and window openings. Used for

When the modular formwork elements of the first row R1 are installed, the modular formwork elements of the second row R2 are stacked vertically, ie, horizontally between the two rows. It can be installed such that there is no misalignment, or it can be installed staggered, that is, horizontally offset between the rows by one half the length of the modular formwork element.

The guidance and accurate positioning of the second row of modular formwork elements is such that the longitudinal grooves 8b, 8b cooperating with the longitudinal ridges 8a, 8a 'of the modular formwork elements of the first row R1 'Secured by.

The vertical load is transmitted only between the upper longitudinal flats 9a, 9a 'and the lower longitudinal flats 9b, 9b' with the aforementioned geometric features. Under these conditions, the flats must be completely flat in order to create a regularly shaped wall and to avoid the risk of the provisional stage, that is, the formation of cracks before the concrete is poured. (See below).

The fitting and stacking operations are repeated as necessary to create a wall.
At this time, horizontal reinforcing members such as metal reinforcing rods 30 are installed at regular horizontal intervals in the grooves formed by the upper hollow portions of the spacers or the cross members 2.

The linear or staggered stacking of each row of modular form elements has the effect of arranging the spacers vertically. Therefore, a vertical reinforcing member such as a metal reinforcing rod (not shown) can be provided between the panels at regular vertical intervals.

When the wall is at a certain height, a material such as concrete 40 is placed between the panels 1 and 1 ′.
It is injected so as to form a wall structure by completely filling the space therebetween.

The concrete 40 comprises, inter alia, a hollow formed by the upper surfaces of the spacers 2, 2 ′,
Filling the cuts 3, 3 ', 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b 'formed in its transverse and side surfaces forms a seam 41 extending parallel to the plane of the wall.

The seam 41 forms a sealing bulkhead against the ingress of air and water by capillary action on the lateral and side faces of the spacers 2, 2 ′ and remains effective even if the concrete 40 falls or shrinks, It solves the problems of airtightness and watertightness that have been associated with conventional modular formwork elements. This eliminates the crosslinking effect of the prior art (
(See introductory part of this specification).

Also, the amount of water that can reach these seams depends on the upper part of panels 1, 1 ′,
It is greatly reduced by the structure of the lower and side parts and the grooves 17, 17 'formed therein and the passages 18, 18'.

In practice, on the one hand, by the interfitting of the longitudinal ridges 8a, 8a ′ and the grooves 17, 17 ′, on the other hand, by the interfitting of the side parts, the mechanical ingress of water, in other words, This provides a mechanical barrier against the ingress of water, such as rain, hitting the wall.

Also, the gaps between the longitudinal ridges 8a, 8a 'and the grooves 8b, 8b' make it possible to form between the modular form elements separation areas in which water can hardly enter by capillary action. So to speak, a physical partition is formed against water intrusion.

The vertically aligned passages 18, 18 'formed in the panels 1, 1' allow for the recovery of water still reaching the grooves 17, 17 'formed in the upper part of the panel, It can lead to the bottom of the wall.

The gap between the sides 20, 20 'of the modular formwork element likewise helps to prevent ingress of water by capillary action.

It should also be noted that the modular formwork elements of the invention may be visible at least from the outside. Thus, the factors affecting the aesthetic quality of the element are fundamental.

Optional horizontal portions 15 ′ can highlight the joining lines between modular formwork elements and create a visual pattern of the post-construction wall.

By using architectural-grade concrete, it is possible to adapt the appearance of the wall to the building conditions of the place where the wall will be constructed.

It is clear that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated. The embodiments are provided by way of illustration and not limitation.

Thus, for example, the underside of the spacer of the modular formwork element could have several cuts.

Similarly, the modular formwork element of the present invention could be used to construct curved walls.

It is also possible to inject light-weight concrete, in other words a heat-insulating and / or sound-insulating material, such as concrete with synthetic aggregate, into the wall constituted by the modular formwork elements according to the invention. Will.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a standard modular formwork element according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of two standard modular formwork elements according to the invention stacked and filled with concrete, where only the concrete is required for an understanding of the invention. Is shown in

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE ), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AE, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID , IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW (72 Inventors Muran, Jean-Yves France, F-30-100 Ares, Rue des Rouges Gorges 13

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. At least one spacer or crosspiece (2, 2 ′) intended to form part of a wall filled with a material such as concrete (40).
And two panels (1, 1 ') connected by a spacer (2, 2')
Has at least one deep groove (3,
3 ') and / or at least a pair of grooves (4a, 4b, 4a', 4b ') extending over the entire height of each of its sides, so that gas-tight and water-tight partitions are provided in said material. A modular formwork element (S), wherein (41) is formed. 2. The groove (3, 3 ', 4a, 4b, 4a', 4b ') is located in an intermediate area of the transverse plane and / or on both sides of the spacer (2, 2'). The element (S) according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grooves have a substantially rectangular cross section. 3. The groove according to claim 1, wherein the grooves have a substantially rectangular cross section. Element (S). 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the spacer (2, 2 ′) has a hollow portion (5, 5 ′).
Element (S) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element (S) receives the material (40) and a reinforcing member such as an iron reinforcing member (30). . 5. Each of the panels (1, 1 ') has a longitudinal ridge (8a, 8a') and an upper longitudinal flat (8a, 8a ') on its upper part to define an interfitting configuration.
9a, 9a ') and in its lower part a longitudinal groove (8b, 8b') and a lower longitudinal flat (9b, 9b '). The described element (S). 6. Said longitudinal ridges (8a, 8a '), grooves (8b, 8b') and flats (9a, 9a ', 9b, 9b') are capillarity when they interfit. The element (S) according to claim 5, characterized in that a gap (J) is formed so as to prevent water from entering by water. 7. The longitudinal ridges (8a, 8a ') and the grooves (8b, 8b').
Have at least one flank (10a, 10a ', 10b, 10b') inclined with respect to the vertical so as to move from the outside to the inside of the element, a horizontal flank (11a, 11a ', 11b, 11b ') and the vertical flank (12a, 12a',
Element (S) according to one of the claims 5 or 6, characterized in that it comprises (12b, 12b '). 8. At least one passage (18), each of said panels (1, 1 ') extending between its upper and lower surfaces, thereby providing a vertical drainage of water that may enter. , 18 ′) according to any one of the preceding claims. 9. Each of said panels (1, 1 ') is connected to said passage (18, 1').
8 ') for guiding water which may enter the channel, extending over the entire length of the upper part thereof and communicating with said passages (18, 18').
Element (S) according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises (17, 17 '). 10. The panel according to claim 1, wherein the side surfaces of the panel designed to cooperate with neighboring elements carry a profile defining an interfitting. Element (S) described in (1). 11. The side surfaces (20a, 20b) are formed, whereby
The element (S) according to claim 10, wherein the fit provides a gap to prevent ingress of water by capillary action. 12. A modular formwork element according to any one of the preceding claims.
S), characterized by being filled with a material such as concrete (40).