EP2148019A2 - Wall building block - Google Patents

Wall building block Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2148019A2
EP2148019A2 EP09165884A EP09165884A EP2148019A2 EP 2148019 A2 EP2148019 A2 EP 2148019A2 EP 09165884 A EP09165884 A EP 09165884A EP 09165884 A EP09165884 A EP 09165884A EP 2148019 A2 EP2148019 A2 EP 2148019A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
wall
foundation
building blocks
blocks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09165884A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2148019A3 (en
Inventor
Michel Cornaz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cornaz et Fils SA
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Cornaz et Fils SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Cornaz et Fils SA filed Critical Cornaz et Fils SA
Publication of EP2148019A2 publication Critical patent/EP2148019A2/en
Publication of EP2148019A3 publication Critical patent/EP2148019A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0269—Building elements with a natural stone facing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wall building block of substantially hexahedral shape having at least one rough side surface imitating the appearance of natural stones and at least one cell vertically passing through said block.
  • the invention also relates to a foundation element and corresponding connecting means, as well as a method of manufacturing such a building block, a mold for carrying out said method, and a method of constructing a wall using these building blocks, these foundation elements and said connecting means.
  • This invention is in the context of development projects, often, but not exclusively private, such as the realization of retaining walls or fence walls in a garden of a particular house.
  • the trend has been on the market to use noble natural materials and materials, such as stone, to carry out such projects.
  • the need to build retaining walls or fences at increasingly higher heights is clearly visible in the market.
  • the building materials industry has turned to materials that mimic the rustic look and warm colors of natural stone. Concrete is a durable and durable material, easy to rework to give an aesthetic appearance equivalent to any other product such as natural stone, wood, marble, etc., it lends itself to such use.
  • concrete building blocks part of which has at least one surface having the appearance of natural stones.
  • This type of block is generally used to make walls using a technique using anchors called “geogrids”.
  • This technique is particularly used in large-scale public projects and has the advantage of simultaneously allowing the mounting of walls and their loading, ie backfilling and compaction. Indeed, said geogrids are in this case horizontally inserted at several levels in the retaining wall, as well as in the ground behind this wall.
  • This technique is mainly suitable for medium and high-rise retaining walls and executed by experienced workers, because of its complexity of realization.
  • the object of the present invention is to obviate the aforementioned drawbacks of current systems and to provide building blocks of concrete walls to achieve a wall imitating the natural appearance of the stone and can reach heights desired.
  • the invention aims to simplify the user the realization of such walls that can be carried out by unskilled workers in this field. Furthermore, the invention also targets the simple manufacture of such building blocks.
  • the present invention is distinguished by the features listed in independent claims 1, 9 and 12-15.
  • the invention provides a wall construction block, at least the outer walls of the block surrounding said at least one cell or a thickness relative to the width of the block in the range of 1: 3 to 1: 6 , so as to allow the mechanical aging of the lateral surfaces of the block, and wherein said at least one cell is disposed in the horizontal plane of the building block so that the cells of the building blocks of different dimensions are at least partially superimposed during the stacking of these for the construction of walls, so as to allow the location of vertical connection means.
  • This has the advantage that walls imitating the appearance of natural stones can be mounted at average heights of up to about two to three meters, both for fence walls and retaining walls.
  • the invention provides a foundation member adapted for use with such building blocks and having an upper portion having a bearing surface, a lower portion having a seating surface, and a central portion having a hollow space. having at least one lateral opening.
  • the invention provides a corresponding vertical connection means having a first portion extending vertically and a second portion extending horizontally, the second portion having a shape corresponding substantially to the contours of the hollow space of the element. foundation, so as to laterally insert the connecting means in the foundation element.
  • the present invention provides a method of manufacturing such a wall building block.
  • the method comprises in particular the manufacturing steps of the concreted parts comprising several building blocks cast together, the latter being separated by cleavage into individual building blocks and then mechanically aged by passage through a rotary drum or by another technique.
  • blocks, according to the present invention can be manufactured by a simple mechanical aging process and without too much loss.
  • the invention also proposes a mold for the implementation of this manufacturing method.
  • FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c show plan views illustrating building blocks of walls according to the present invention which make it possible to make a retaining wall or a wall wall imitating the appearance of a natural stone wall and mounted in Roman alphabet, this up to heights of about two to three meters in case of armed wall.
  • the wall building blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6', according to the present invention are substantially hexahedral in shape and comprise at least one rough side surface 11 that mimics the appearance of the natural stone.
  • These blocks also comprise at least one cell 12 vertically traversing said blocks.
  • FIG. figure 1a To the figure 1a are represented standard parts 1, 2, 3 of a first height H 1 , these standard blocks having, as visible in FIG. figure 1a , a trapezoidal base surface.
  • the blocks can be mounted in a straight line as illustrated in the figure 1g or in a convex and / or concave curve with a radius as a function of the angle of the inclined sides of the trapezium as illustrated in FIG. figure 1h .
  • the figure 1b shows head pieces of the building blocks according to the present invention, these head pieces having only one inclined side instead of two, like the standard pieces shown in FIG. figure 1a .
  • FIG 1c finally, is illustrated a corner piece of such a building block, a portion of one of the two side surfaces has been adapted to have an edge for receiving a piece having the same dimensions and angle; therefore to receive one of the standard parts illustrated in the figure 1a .
  • a building block according to the present invention have at least one rough side surface 11 imitating the appearance of the natural stone, as well as at least one cell 12 traversing vertically said block.
  • these building blocks are distinguished by the fact that at least the outer walls 13 of the block surrounding said at least one cell 12 have a thickness relative to the width B of the block in the range from 1: 3 to 1 : 6, so as to allow the aging of the side surfaces of the block. Indeed, in this way the thickness of these outer walls 13 is sufficient to allow mechanical treatment of these concrete blocks according to the present invention. This treatment artificially ages the outer surfaces of the blocks, to give them an aesthetic appearance approaching almost perfectly the appearance of natural stones, as will be explained in more detail later in the description.
  • said at least one cell is disposed in the horizontal plane of the building block so that the cells 12 of the building blocks of walls of different dimensions are at least partially superimposed during the stacking of the latter for the construction of a wall, so as to allow the location of vertical connection means 8, this being clearly visible in the figures 2b , 2c, 2d and 2e .
  • the cells in the blocks according to the present invention serve, on the one hand, to lighten the blocks and to ensure ease of handling and assembly on site.
  • these cells are useful during the construction of walls using these blocks, either to anchor reinforcement reinforcing said wall, or to contain concrete or any another bonding or stabilizing material adapted to stabilize the mounted walls, as will be further detailed below in the description.
  • the figure 1a also shows that the wall building blocks according to the present invention may have at least two, preferably at least three lengths L 1 , L 2 , L 3 and / or two heights H 1 , H 2 different for a block width B given.
  • the different lengths L 1 , L 2 , L 3 of blocks can have a ratio of 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1 or 4: 1 with respect to a given base length of L B.
  • This base length L B may, for example, be identical to the length L 1 of the first, smaller standard part illustrated in FIG. figure 1a having only one cell 12.
  • the wall building blocks according to the present invention may also have at least two heights H 1 , H 2 different, so that blocks of different dimensions, for example at least six different embodiments in the presence of for example three lengths and two different heights, can be assembled in a chaotic manner according to the builder's taste when making the wall. If both longitudinal side surfaces are aged, the blocks, in particular those of trapezoidal shape, can be used reversibly in on-line or curved fixtures, which enhances the aesthetic appearance due to a slight modification of the length visible from each block.
  • a wall building block according to the present invention comprises a number of cells corresponding to its length, this number being in particular proportional to the total length of the block.
  • the cells 12 of a block are arranged substantially around the center of each part of the block corresponding to a base length L B.
  • the cells are superimposed and form channels around centers of said base length L B over the entire height of the wall.
  • the distance between the centers of each portion corresponding to a cell and having a length corresponding to said base length L B is regular, which allows a regular positioning of the connecting means or frames that are possibly integrated into the wall to strengthen it.
  • FIG. 2a shows schematically a slice of wall mounted in Roman alphabet with building blocks of different lengths and heights and having a visible rough surface imitating the appearance of natural stones, roofs 10 of the same appearance being placed at the top of the wall to allow the evacuation of the rainwater and to direct their runoff outside the apparent faces of the wall.
  • the figure 2b shows a horizontal section along the BB line of the wall slice shown in the figure 2a and the Figure 2c shows a cross section along the line CC of the same wall.
  • a wall construction block according to the present invention may also comprise, on its upper surface and / or lower, a longitudinal housing for the location of a horizontal connection means 8 '.
  • the longitudinal housing may in particular be made by a reservation, or even a chamfer, such as visible for example on the upper surface of the blocks illustrated in perspective view at the figure 1d .
  • An armature 8 'placed in a longitudinal housing is shown in the perspective illustrated by way of example at figure 2e .
  • This aspect is further reinforced by the fact that the present invention also provides foundation elements 7 adapted for use with wall building blocks as described in detail above.
  • Such a foundation element 7 is distinguished by the fact that it comprises an upper portion 7.1 having a bearing surface 7.1.1 having a width B F substantially corresponding to a block width B of said building blocks.
  • This foundation element 7 also comprises a lower portion 7.2 having a laying surface 7.2.1 having an enlarged width B A and a central portion 7.3 having a hollow space 7.3.1 having at least one lateral opening 7.3.3, an upper opening 7.3.4, and at least one sidewall 7.3.2 for increasing the rigidity of the foundation element 7.
  • FIG 3a the difference between the width B F of the bearing surface and the enlarged width B A of the laying surface is distributed asymmetrically on each side of the bearing surface.
  • the foundation element 7 can be substantially symmetrical in cross section, especially in the case of a fence wall.
  • the width B F of the support surface 7.1.1 does not necessarily correspond exactly to a given block width B, but may for example be slightly larger, so that the building blocks 1-6 , 1'-6 'intended to be placed on this bearing surface 7.1.1 are easily supported on this surface.
  • said upper opening 7.3.4 of the foundation element 7 preferably forms a lateral opening in the upper part 7.1 of the foundation element, so as to allow, on the one hand, the lateral introduction into this foundation element 7 of vertical connection means 8 and, on the other hand, the vertical introduction of the connecting concrete into said foundation elements 7 assembled with their connecting means respectively.
  • Such vertical connection means 8 inserted and placed in a stable position is illustrated by way of example to Figures 3a and 3b .
  • the top view of the foundation element 7 visible as an example to the figure 3b also shows that this element 7 preferably comprises at least one stop 7.1.2 and / or at least one recess on the wall at least partially surrounding said upper opening 7.3.4 of the hollow space 7.3.1 of the central portion 7.3. It is in this way that the stable position of the vertical connection means 8 introduced into said hollow space 7.3.1 is defined. It is however not required that the foundation element 7 comprises such a stop 7.1.2 and the wall surrounding, at least partially, said upper opening 7.3.3 could also be completely rounded or have any other suitable shape. As visible on the figure 3b , or the side walls 7.3.2 which normally have the same depth as the foundation element 7 are also also provided with at least one recess adapted to receive the horizontal portion 8.2 of the connecting means 8.
  • said vertical connecting means 8 adapted for use with the foundation elements described in detail above, it should be noted that it has a first portion 8.1 extending vertically and a second portion 8.2 s' extending horizontally. As illustrated in particular in figure 3a , the second part 8.2 has a shape substantially corresponding to the contours of the hollow space 7.3.1 of the foundation element 7, so as to it can be inserted laterally into said foundation element 7.
  • the vertical connection means 8 may in particular consist of galvanized reinforcements, to prevent their deterioration and increase the service life of walls built with them.
  • a foundation element respectively vertical connection means according to the present invention, their use in consultation, or not, can be easily understood.
  • a method of building walls, for example a retaining wall or a fence wall, using these elements according to the present invention comprises in particular the steps of placing one next to the other of the foundation elements. 7 on the ground or in a trench. Then, after each placing of a foundation element 7, at least one connecting element 8 is inserted into said hollow space 7.3.1 and placed in the stable position, this preferably using said stops arranged on the The foundation element 7. Once these foundation elements are assembled, a connecting concrete is poured through the opening 7.3.4.
  • the first part 8.1 of vertical connection means 8 serves as a waiting frame on the wall and its anchoring in the foundation elements 7,.
  • the means of vertical connection 8 are placed in the cells 12 of each building block, as is apparent, for example, from FIG. figure 2e .
  • the cells 12 as cores to contain any other material used to stabilize the drywall walls with building blocks according to the present invention.
  • the building blocks according to the present invention make it possible, as mentioned above, to produce walls either in a straight line or in a convex and / or concave curved line, because of their trapezoidal base shape, this allowing then their use reversibly.
  • the head pieces and corner pieces illustrated in figures 1b respectively 1c allow a harmonious realization with the rest of the wall of the wall heads, respectively angles.
  • the wall building blocks according to the present invention thus make it possible, in combination with the reinforcement and the concreting inside the cells 12 of the blocks and thanks in particular to the use of the foundation elements 7 and the vertical connection means 8, the realization of fence or retaining walls that can reach heights of about two to three meters.
  • the building blocks according to the present invention can be used either without reinforcement or in dry mounting. According to the present invention, the mounting of such a wall is greatly simplified, so that even a low-skilled worker in this field or a non-professional can easily tackle, for example as part of a project development of a private garden.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a wall building block, as described above.
  • a method notably comprises the steps of pouring the concrete into a mold 9, 9 '.
  • the concreted portions 1 ", 2", 3 ", 4" as illustrated by way of example to Figures 4a and 4b , these molded parts in a set comprise several building blocks 1-6, 1'-6 'delimited between them by several cleavage planes.
  • the concrete constituting them has at least partially, but not necessarily completely, hardened.
  • first waiting period which is normally between 3 and 10 days, preferably 6 to 7 days of their production
  • said concrete parts 1 ", 2", 3 ", 4" are separated by cleavage into blocks of individual construction.
  • the cleavage line is predefined on the surface of these parts because of the shape of the mold 9, 9 '.
  • second waiting period of about 10 and 50 days after the production of the concreted parts, but preferably between 25 and 30 days
  • the cleaved building blocks 1-6, 1'-6 ' are mechanically treated to to produce at least some of these surfaces, including the side surfaces, an aesthetic appearance imitating as perfectly as possible natural stone.
  • the mechanical treatment used for this artificial aging normally consists in introducing the individual cleaved blocks into a rotating drum, which makes it possible to create a rough surface on the building blocks according to the present invention.
  • the mechanical aging process of this kind in a rotating drum normally lasts between 5 and 60, preferably between 10 and 30 minutes.
  • Other means of artificial aging known to those skilled in the art can also be used.
  • a mold 9, 9 ' comprising several compartments corresponding to said concrete portions 1 ", 2", 3 “, 4" and as illustrated schematically and by way of example to Figures 4a and 4b is used.
  • Such a mold comprises in particular reliefs forming predefined cleavage lines on the surface of the concreted portions 1 ", 2", 3 ", 4", as schematically represented in FIGS. Figures 4a and 4b .
  • a mold 9, 9 'according to the present invention is particularly modifiable, so that the contours of said compartments and / or the location of said reliefs are movable.
  • the mold 9 illustrated by way of example at figure 4a allows to produce the three concreted parts 1 ", 2", 3 ", these concreted parts can then be separated by cleavage along said predefined cleavage lines and shown schematically at the figure 4a , so as to produce standard type building blocks 1, 2, 3.
  • the modified mold 9 'illustrated in FIG. figure 4b likewise by way of example, makes it possible to produce concrete parts 1 ", 2", 4 ", the latter being distinguished from the concrete portion 3" produced by the mold 9 illustrated in FIG. figure 4a .
  • mold geometry 9, 9 ' reflects the geometry of the building blocks to be produced.
  • the present invention provides wall building blocks, foundation members and vertical connecting means for easy realization, including retaining walls and fence walls at heights. averages of about two to three meters and optimally imitating the appearance of natural stones. It is thanks to the geometry of the building blocks and the quality of the concrete and aging in the rotating drum that the final product does not have the appearance of an industrial product but that of a natural stone wall. .
  • the use of the elements according to the present invention is mainly intended for private projects, thus allowing the realization of walls imitating natural stone in this kind of project in a simple way and at a reasonable cost.
  • the use of the present invention in the context of larger public projects is of course also possible. It goes without saying that building blocks can be produced with concrete of all shades and that it is possible to adapt the mechanical aging treatment, in order to better reproduce the aesthetic appearance of several types of natural stones.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

The block (1) has a rough lateral surface imitating appearance of a natural stone, and exterior walls surrounding a core (12) that vertically traverses the block. The core is placed around a center of each part of the block corresponding to a base length. The core is placed in a horizontal plane of the block such that cores of constructions blocks having different dimensions are partially superimposed during stacking of the blocks to permit placement of vertical connection units for constructing a wall. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a foundation element comprising an upper part (2) a vertical connection unit comprising parts (3) a method for constructing a wall using construction blocks (4) a method for fabricating a wall construction block (5) a mold for fabricating a wall construction block.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un bloc de construction de murs de forme sensiblement hexaédrique comportant au moins une surface latérale rugueuse imitant l'aspect des pierres naturelles et au moins une alvéole traversant verticalement ledit bloc. L'invention concerne également un élément de fondation et des moyens de liaison correspondants, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication d'un tel bloc de construction, un moule pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé, et un procédé de construction de mur utilisant ces blocs de construction, ces éléments de fondation et lesdits moyens de liaison.The present invention relates to a wall building block of substantially hexahedral shape having at least one rough side surface imitating the appearance of natural stones and at least one cell vertically passing through said block. The invention also relates to a foundation element and corresponding connecting means, as well as a method of manufacturing such a building block, a mold for carrying out said method, and a method of constructing a wall using these building blocks, these foundation elements and said connecting means.

Cette invention s'inscrit dans le contexte des projets d'aménagement, souvent, mais pas exclusivement privés, comme par exemple la réalisation de murs de soutènement ou de murs de clôture dans un jardin d'une maison particulière. En effet, on constate depuis déjà quelques années la tendance sur le marché d'utiliser des matières et des matériaux naturels nobles, comme de la pierre, pour réaliser ce genre de projets. Par ailleurs, même dans le cadre de petits projets privés, le besoin de faire construire des murs de soutènement ou de clôture à des hauteurs de plus en plus grandes est clairement constatable sur le marché. En répondant à ces besoins, l'industrie des matériaux de construction s'est orientée vers des matériaux imitant l'aspect rustique et les couleurs chaleureuses de la pierre naturelle. Le béton étant un matériaux résistant et durable, facile à retravailler pour donner un aspect esthétique équivalent à tout autre produit tel que la pierre naturelle, le bois, le marbre, etc., il se prête à un tel usage. Ainsi, il existe actuellement sur le marché mondial une grande variété de blocs de construction en béton, dont une partie présente au moins une surface ayant l'aspect de pierres naturelles.This invention is in the context of development projects, often, but not exclusively private, such as the realization of retaining walls or fence walls in a garden of a particular house. For a few years now, the trend has been on the market to use noble natural materials and materials, such as stone, to carry out such projects. Moreover, even in the context of small private projects, the need to build retaining walls or fences at increasingly higher heights is clearly visible in the market. In meeting these needs, the building materials industry has turned to materials that mimic the rustic look and warm colors of natural stone. Concrete is a durable and durable material, easy to rework to give an aesthetic appearance equivalent to any other product such as natural stone, wood, marble, etc., it lends itself to such use. Thus, there is currently on the world market a wide variety of concrete building blocks, part of which has at least one surface having the appearance of natural stones.

Ce genre de blocs est généralement utilisé pour réaliser des murs à l'aide d'une technique ayant recours à des dispositifs d'ancrage dénommés « géogrilles ». Cette technique est notamment utilisée dans le cadre de projets publics de grande envergure et a pour avantage de permettre simultanément le montage des murs et leur mise en charge, c'est à dire le remblayage et le compactage. En effet, lesdites géogrilles sont dans ce cas horizontalement insérées à plusieurs niveaux dans le mur de soutènement, ainsi que dans le sol se trouvant derrière ce mur. Cette technique est principalement adaptée pour les murs de soutènement de moyenne et grande hauteur et exécutés par des ouvriers expérimentés, du fait de sa complexité de réalisation.This type of block is generally used to make walls using a technique using anchors called "geogrids". This technique is particularly used in large-scale public projects and has the advantage of simultaneously allowing the mounting of walls and their loading, ie backfilling and compaction. Indeed, said geogrids are in this case horizontally inserted at several levels in the retaining wall, as well as in the ground behind this wall. This technique is mainly suitable for medium and high-rise retaining walls and executed by experienced workers, because of its complexity of realization.

La technique conventionnelle de réalisation de murs bétonnés en deux phases, c'est à dire que le montage et la mise en charge sont différés, est mieux adaptée pour des petits projets d'aménagement privés, mais les hauteurs réalisables, notamment pour des murs de clôture, sont plus limitées.The conventional technique of producing concrete walls in two phases, ie the assembly and loading are deferred, is better suited for small private development projects, but the achievable heights, especially for walls of fence, are more limited.

Il est alors à constater qu'actuellement, il n'existe pas sur le marché des blocs de construction de murs fabriqués en béton et destinés à être bétonnés et renforcés d'armatures permettant à l'utilisateur, notamment à un particulier, de monter un mur ayant l'esthétique d'un mur en pierres naturelles et pouvant atteindre des hauteurs moyennes (entre deux à trois mètres).It should be noted that at present, there are no concrete wall building blocks on the market which are intended to be concreted and reinforced with reinforcements enabling the user, particularly an individual, to mount a wall with the aesthetics of a natural stone wall and can reach medium heights (between two to three meters).

Par conséquent, le but de la présente invention est d'obvier aux inconvénients précités des systèmes actuels et de mettre à disposition des blocs de construction de murs en béton permettant de réaliser un mur imitant l'aspect naturel de la pierre et pouvant atteindre les hauteurs désirées. Simultanément, l'invention vise à simplifier à l'utilisateur la réalisation de tels murs qui peut être effectuée par des ouvriers peu qualifiés dans ce domaine. Par ailleurs, l'invention cible également la fabrication simple de tels blocs de construction.Therefore, the object of the present invention is to obviate the aforementioned drawbacks of current systems and to provide building blocks of concrete walls to achieve a wall imitating the natural appearance of the stone and can reach heights desired. Simultaneously, the invention aims to simplify the user the realization of such walls that can be carried out by unskilled workers in this field. Furthermore, the invention also targets the simple manufacture of such building blocks.

A cet effet, la présente invention se distingue par les caractéristiques énumérées aux revendications indépendantes 1, 9 et 12-15. En particulier, l'invention propose un bloc de construction de murs, dont au moins les parois extérieures du bloc entourant ladite au moins une alvéole ou une épaisseur relative à la largeur du bloc comprise dans la plage allant de 1:3 à 1:6, de manière à permettre le vieillissement mécanique des surfaces latérales du bloc, et dont ladite au moins une alvéole est disposée dans le plan horizontal du bloc de construction de manière à ce que les alvéoles des blocs de construction de différentes dimensions sont au moins partiellement superposées lors de l'empilement de ces derniers pour la construction de murs, de manière à permettre l'emplacement de moyens de liaison verticale. Ceci a pour avantage que des murs imitant l'aspect de pierres naturelles peuvent être montés à des hauteurs moyennes allant jusqu'à environ deux à trois mètres, aussi bien pour des murs de clôture que des murs de soutènement.For this purpose, the present invention is distinguished by the features listed in independent claims 1, 9 and 12-15. In particular, the invention provides a wall construction block, at least the outer walls of the block surrounding said at least one cell or a thickness relative to the width of the block in the range of 1: 3 to 1: 6 , so as to allow the mechanical aging of the lateral surfaces of the block, and wherein said at least one cell is disposed in the horizontal plane of the building block so that the cells of the building blocks of different dimensions are at least partially superimposed during the stacking of these for the construction of walls, so as to allow the location of vertical connection means. This has the advantage that walls imitating the appearance of natural stones can be mounted at average heights of up to about two to three meters, both for fence walls and retaining walls.

De plus, l'invention propose un élément de fondation adapté à être utilisé avec ce genre de blocs de construction et comportant une partie supérieure ayant une surface d'appui, une partie inférieure ayant une surface de pose et une partie centrale ayant un espace creux présentant au moins une ouverture latérale. De même, l'invention propose un moyen de liaison verticale correspondant présentant une première partie s'étendant verticalement et une deuxième partie s'étendant horizontalement, cette deuxième partie ayant une forme correspondant sensiblement aux contours de l'espace creux de l'élément de fondation, de manière à pouvoir insérer latéralement le moyen de liaison dans l'élément de fondation. En utilisant les blocs de construction, les éléments de fondation et les moyens de liaison selon la présente invention, même un ouvrier peu qualifié dans ce domaine ou un non-professionnel peut alors réaliser un mur de soutènement ou un mur de clôture répondant aux objectifs précités, du fait que ces moyens simplifient considérablement le procédé de construction d'un tel mur et permettent de garantir la bonne conception et la sécurité qui en découlent.In addition, the invention provides a foundation member adapted for use with such building blocks and having an upper portion having a bearing surface, a lower portion having a seating surface, and a central portion having a hollow space. having at least one lateral opening. Similarly, the invention provides a corresponding vertical connection means having a first portion extending vertically and a second portion extending horizontally, the second portion having a shape corresponding substantially to the contours of the hollow space of the element. foundation, so as to laterally insert the connecting means in the foundation element. Using building blocks, foundation elements and connecting means according to the present invention, even a low-skilled worker in this field or a non-professional can then achieve a retaining wall or a fence wall meeting the above objectives, because these means greatly simplify the construction process of such a wall and allow to guarantee the good design and the safety that ensues from it.

Par ailleurs, la présente invention propose un procédé de fabrication d'un tel bloc de construction de murs. Selon l'invention, le procédé comprend notamment les étapes de fabrication des parties bétonnées comportant plusieurs blocs de construction coulés ensemble, ces derniers sont séparés par clivage en blocs de construction individuels et ensuite vieillis mécaniquement par passage dans un tambour rotatif ou par une autre technique. De cette manière, des blocs, selon la présente invention, peuvent être fabriqués par un processus de vieillissement mécanique simple et sans trop de pertes. Finalement, l'invention propose également un moule pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé de fabrication.Furthermore, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing such a wall building block. According to the invention, the method comprises in particular the manufacturing steps of the concreted parts comprising several building blocks cast together, the latter being separated by cleavage into individual building blocks and then mechanically aged by passage through a rotary drum or by another technique. . In this way, blocks, according to the present invention, can be manufactured by a simple mechanical aging process and without too much loss. Finally, the invention also proposes a mold for the implementation of this manufacturing method.

D'autres avantages ressortiront des caractéristiques exprimées dans les revendications dépendantes et dans la description exposant ci-après l'invention plus en détail, à l'aide des dessins.Other advantages will emerge from the features expressed in the dependent claims and in the following description explaining the invention in more detail, with the aid of the drawings.

Les dessins annexés illustrent schématiquement et à titre d'exemple des blocs de construction, des éléments de fondation, des moyens de liaison et des moules selon la présente invention.

  • La figure 1a montre une vue en plan de trois exemples de pièces standards de blocs de construction de murs selon la présente invention ; la figure 1b montre deux exemples de pièces de tête des blocs de construction selon la présente invention, et la figure 1c montre un exemple d'une pièce d'angle d'un tel bloc de construction ; la figure 1d montre une vue en perspective des trois pièces illustrées à la figure 1a, la figure 1e illustre un exemple de montage en ligne droite avec des pièces standards et une pièce de tête de blocs de construction de murs; la figure 1f montre un exemple de montage en angle avec des pièces standards et une pièce d'angle de blocs de construction de murs; la figure 1g montre un exemple de montage en ligne droite des blocs de construction standards et la figure 1h montre un exemple de montage avec le même type de blocs en courbe concave et ce grâce à la géométrie adaptée des blocs de construction de murs.
  • La figure 2a est une illustration schématique et à titre d'exemple d'une tranche de mur réalisée à l'aide de blocs de construction selon la présente invention, les blocs ayant des longueurs et des hauteurs différentes de manière à réaliser un mur monté en opus romain imitant le plus parfaitement possible l'aspect esthétique de murs en pierres naturelles ; la figure 2b est une coupe horizontale le long de la ligne B-B de la tranche de mur représentée dans la figure 2a; la figure 2c est une coupe transversale le long de la ligne C-C de la tranche de mur représentée dans la figure 2a ; la figure 2d est une coupe verticale le long de la ligne D-D de la tranche de mur représentée dans la figure 2a ; la figure 2e est une vue en perspective d'une tranche de mur élevé à l'aide des moyens selon la présente invention.
  • La figure 3a représente schématiquement et à titre d'exemple une vue de côté d'un élément de fondation selon la présente invention, ainsi qu'un moyen de liaison verticale y inséré ; la figure 3b est une vue en plan d'un élément de fondation, ainsi que le moyen de liaison vertical selon la figure 3a.
  • La figure 4a illustre des blocs de construction de murs fabriqués ensemble dans un moule selon la présente invention; la figure 4b est une vue similaire des blocs de construction de murs fabriqués dans un moule similaire mais modifié afin de produire à la fois des pièces standards et des pièces spéciales notamment des pièces de têtes et d'angle.
The accompanying drawings illustrate schematically and by way of example building blocks, foundation elements, connecting means and molds according to the present invention.
  • The figure 1a shows a plan view of three examples of standard pieces of wall building blocks according to the present invention; the figure 1b shows two examples of head pieces of the building blocks according to the present invention, and the figure 1c shows an example of a corner piece of such a block of construction ; the figure 1d shows a perspective view of the three pieces illustrated in the figure 1a , the figure 1e illustrates an example of a straight line assembly with standard parts and a wall building block head piece; the figure 1f shows an example of corner mounting with standard parts and corner piece of wall building blocks; the figure 1g shows an example of straight-line mounting of standard building blocks and the figure 1h shows an example of mounting with the same type of blocks in a concave curve thanks to the adapted geometry of the wall building blocks.
  • The figure 2a is a schematic illustration and as an example of a wall wafer made using building blocks according to the present invention, the blocks having different lengths and heights so as to make a wall mounted in Roman opus imitating as perfectly as possible the aesthetic appearance of natural stone walls; the figure 2b is a horizontal section along the BB line of the wall slice shown in the figure 2a ; the Figure 2c is a cross section along the line CC of the wall slice shown in the figure 2a ; the figure 2d is a vertical section along the line DD of the wall slice shown in the figure 2a ; the figure 2e is a perspective view of a wall wafer elevated using the means according to the present invention.
  • The figure 3a shows schematically and by way of example a side view of a foundation element according to the present invention, and a vertical connection means inserted therein; the figure 3b is a plan view of a foundation element, as well as the vertical connection means according to the figure 3a .
  • The figure 4a illustrates wall building blocks made together in a mold according to the present invention; the figure 4b is a similar view of wall building blocks made of a similar mold but modified to produce both standard and special pieces including head and corner pieces.

Les différents aspects de la présente invention vont maintenant être décrits en détail en référence aux dessins susmentionnés.The various aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the aforementioned drawings.

Les figures 1a, 1b et 1c montrent des vues en plan illustrant des blocs de construction de murs selon la présente invention qui permettent de réaliser un mur de soutènement ou un mur de clôture imitant l'aspect d'un mur en pierres naturelles et monté en opus romain, ceci jusqu'à des hauteurs d'environ deux à trois mètres en cas de mur armé. Généralement, les blocs de construction de murs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6', selon la présente invention, sont de forme sensiblement hexaédrique et comportent au moins une surface rugueuse latérale 11 qui imite l'aspect de la pierre naturelle. Ces blocs comportent également au moins une alvéole 12 traversant verticalement lesdits blocs. A la figure 1a sont représentées des pièces standards 1, 2, 3 d'une première hauteur H1, ces blocs standards ayant, telle que visible à la figure 1a, une surface de base de forme trapézoïdale. De cette manière, les blocs peuvent être montés en ligne droite telle qu'illustré dans la figure 1g ou en courbe convexe et/ou concave avec un rayon en fonction de l'angle des côtés inclinés du trapèze comme illustré dans la figure 1h. La figure 1b montre des pièces de tête des blocs de construction selon la présente invention, ces pièces de tête ne possédant qu'un seul côté incliné au lieu de deux, comme les pièces standards montrées à la figure 1a. A la figure 1c finalement, est illustrée une pièce d'angle d'un tel bloc de construction, dont une partie de l'une des deux surfaces latérales a été adaptée de manière à avoir une arête permettant de recevoir une pièce ayant les mêmes dimensions et angle; donc de recevoir l'une des pièces standards illustrées dans la figure 1a. Ceci est illustré dans la figure 1f.The Figures 1a, 1b and 1c show plan views illustrating building blocks of walls according to the present invention which make it possible to make a retaining wall or a wall wall imitating the appearance of a natural stone wall and mounted in Roman opus, this up to heights of about two to three meters in case of armed wall. Generally, the wall building blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6', according to the present invention, are substantially hexahedral in shape and comprise at least one rough side surface 11 that mimics the appearance of the natural stone. These blocks also comprise at least one cell 12 vertically traversing said blocks. To the figure 1a are represented standard parts 1, 2, 3 of a first height H 1 , these standard blocks having, as visible in FIG. figure 1a , a trapezoidal base surface. In this way, the blocks can be mounted in a straight line as illustrated in the figure 1g or in a convex and / or concave curve with a radius as a function of the angle of the inclined sides of the trapezium as illustrated in FIG. figure 1h . The figure 1b shows head pieces of the building blocks according to the present invention, these head pieces having only one inclined side instead of two, like the standard pieces shown in FIG. figure 1a . To the figure 1c finally, is illustrated a corner piece of such a building block, a portion of one of the two side surfaces has been adapted to have an edge for receiving a piece having the same dimensions and angle; therefore to receive one of the standard parts illustrated in the figure 1a . This is illustrated in the figure 1f .

Comme il ressort encore mieux sur la vue en perspective de la figure 1d, toutes ces formes d'exécution d'un bloc de construction selon la présente invention ont au moins une surface latérale rugueuse 11 imitant l'aspect de la pierre naturelle, ainsi qu'au moins une alvéole 12 traversant verticalement ledit bloc. Par ailleurs, ces blocs de construction se distinguent par le fait qu'au moins les parois extérieures 13 du bloc entourant ladite au moins une alvéole 12 ont une épaisseur relative à la largeur B du bloc comprise dans la plage allant de 1:3 à 1:6, de manière à permettre le vieillissement des surfaces latérales du bloc. En effet, de cette manière l'épaisseur de ces parois extérieures 13 est suffisante pour permettre un traitement mécanique de ces blocs en béton selon la présente invention. Ce traitement permet d'artificiellement vieillir les surfaces extérieures des blocs, afin de leur donner un aspect esthétique se rapprochant quasiment parfaitement de l'apparence des pierres naturelles, tel que ceci sera explicité plus en détail plus loin dans la description.As it appears even better on the perspective view of the figure 1d all these embodiments of a building block according to the present invention have at least one rough side surface 11 imitating the appearance of the natural stone, as well as at least one cell 12 traversing vertically said block. Furthermore, these building blocks are distinguished by the fact that at least the outer walls 13 of the block surrounding said at least one cell 12 have a thickness relative to the width B of the block in the range from 1: 3 to 1 : 6, so as to allow the aging of the side surfaces of the block. Indeed, in this way the thickness of these outer walls 13 is sufficient to allow mechanical treatment of these concrete blocks according to the present invention. This treatment artificially ages the outer surfaces of the blocks, to give them an aesthetic appearance approaching almost perfectly the appearance of natural stones, as will be explained in more detail later in the description.

De plus, ladite au moins une alvéole est disposée dans le plan horizontal du bloc de construction de manière à ce que les alvéoles 12 des blocs de construction de murs de différentes dimensions soient au moins partiellement superposées lors de l'empilement de ces derniers pour la construction d'un mur, de manière à permettre l'emplacement de moyens de liaison verticale 8, ceci étant clairement visible dans les figures 2b, 2c, 2d et 2e. En effet, les alvéoles dans les blocs selon la présente invention servent, d'une part, à alléger les blocs et à assurer une facilité de manipulation et de montage sur le chantier. D'autre part, ces alvéoles sont utiles pendant la construction de murs à l'aide de ces blocs, soit pour ancrer des armatures renforçant ledit mur, soit pour contenir du béton ou tout autre matériau de liaison ou de stabilisation adapté à stabiliser les murs montés, tel que cela sera également détaillé plus bas dans la description.In addition, said at least one cell is disposed in the horizontal plane of the building block so that the cells 12 of the building blocks of walls of different dimensions are at least partially superimposed during the stacking of the latter for the construction of a wall, so as to allow the location of vertical connection means 8, this being clearly visible in the figures 2b , 2c, 2d and 2e . Indeed, the cells in the blocks according to the present invention serve, on the one hand, to lighten the blocks and to ensure ease of handling and assembly on site. On the other hand, these cells are useful during the construction of walls using these blocks, either to anchor reinforcement reinforcing said wall, or to contain concrete or any another bonding or stabilizing material adapted to stabilize the mounted walls, as will be further detailed below in the description.

La figure 1a montre également que les blocs de construction de murs selon la présente invention peuvent avoir au moins deux, de préférence au moins trois longueurs L1, L2, L3 et/ou deux hauteurs H1, H2 différentes pour une largeur de bloc B donnée. En particulier, les longueurs différentes L1, L2, L3 de blocs peuvent avoir un rapport de 1:1, 2 :1, 3 :1 ou 4 :1 par rapport à une longueur de base de LB donnée. Cette longueur de base LB peut, par exemple, être identique à la longueur L1 de la première, plus petite pièce standard illustrée à la figure 1a ne comportant qu'une seule alvéole 12. Afin de permettre la réalisation de murs en opus romain imitant le plus parfaitement possible un mur en pierres naturelles de formes différentes, les blocs de construction de mur selon la présente invention peuvent également avoir au moins deux hauteurs H1, H2 différentes, de manière à ce des blocs de différentes dimensions, par exemple d'au moins six formes d'exécution différentes en présence de par exemple trois longueurs et deux hauteurs différentes, peuvent être assemblées d'une manière chaotique selon le goût du constructeur lors de la réalisation du mur. Si les deux surfaces latérales longitudinales sont vieillies, les blocs, notamment ceux de forme trapézoïdale, peuvent être utilisés de façon réversible dans les montages en ligne ou en courbe, ce qui renforce l'aspect esthétique du fait d'une légère modification de la longueur visible de chaque bloc.The figure 1a also shows that the wall building blocks according to the present invention may have at least two, preferably at least three lengths L 1 , L 2 , L 3 and / or two heights H 1 , H 2 different for a block width B given. In particular, the different lengths L 1 , L 2 , L 3 of blocks can have a ratio of 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1 or 4: 1 with respect to a given base length of L B. This base length L B may, for example, be identical to the length L 1 of the first, smaller standard part illustrated in FIG. figure 1a having only one cell 12. In order to allow the realization of walls in Roman opus mimicking as perfectly as possible a natural stone wall of different shapes, the wall building blocks according to the present invention may also have at least two heights H 1 , H 2 different, so that blocks of different dimensions, for example at least six different embodiments in the presence of for example three lengths and two different heights, can be assembled in a chaotic manner according to the builder's taste when making the wall. If both longitudinal side surfaces are aged, the blocks, in particular those of trapezoidal shape, can be used reversibly in on-line or curved fixtures, which enhances the aesthetic appearance due to a slight modification of the length visible from each block.

Tel qu'il ressort, notamment de la figure 1a, un bloc de construction de murs selon la présente invention comporte un nombre d'alvéoles correspondant à sa longueur, ce nombre étant notamment proportionnel à la longueur totale du bloc. De cette manière, et telles que visibles aux figures 1a, 1b et 1c, les alvéoles 12 d'un bloc sont arrangées sensiblement autour du centre de chaque partie du bloc correspondant à une longueur de base LB. En effet, une fois lesdits blocs de construction montés, les alvéoles sont superposées et forment des canaux autours des centres de la dite longueur de base LB sur toute la hauteur du mur. Ainsi, la distance entre les centres de chaque partie correspondant à une alvéole et ayant une longueur correspondant à ladite longueur de base LB est régulière, ce qui permet un positionnement régulier des moyens de liaison, voire des armatures qui sont éventuellement intégrées dans le mur afin de le renforcer.As it appears, in particular from the figure 1a , a wall building block according to the present invention comprises a number of cells corresponding to its length, this number being in particular proportional to the total length of the block. In this way, and as visible to Figures 1a, 1b and 1c , the cells 12 of a block are arranged substantially around the center of each part of the block corresponding to a base length L B. Indeed, once said building blocks mounted, the cells are superimposed and form channels around centers of said base length L B over the entire height of the wall. Thus, the distance between the centers of each portion corresponding to a cell and having a length corresponding to said base length L B is regular, which allows a regular positioning of the connecting means or frames that are possibly integrated into the wall to strengthen it.

Cet aspect de la présente invention est notamment clairement visible aux figures 2a-2d. La figure 2a montre d'une manière schématique une tranche de mur montée en opus romain avec des blocs de construction de différentes longueurs et de différentes hauteurs et ayant une surface rugueuse visible imitant l'aspect de pierres naturelles, des couvertines 10 de même aspect étant placées en haut du mur afin de permettre l'évacuation des eaux pluviales et de diriger leur ruissellement en dehors des faces apparentes du mur. La figure 2b montre une coupe horizontale le long de la ligne B-B de la tranche de mur représentée dans la figure 2a et la figure 2c montre une coupe transversale le long de la ligne C-C du même mur. Il est notamment clairement visible à la figure 2b qu'un arrangement des alvéoles 12 dans les blocs de construction, tels que mentionnés ci-dessus, induit que ces alvéoles 12 sont au moins partiellement superposées, quel que soit l'emplacement des blocs lors du montage de murs, ceci permettant de disposer d'un canal, disponible pour le bétonnage, voire le ferraillage, du mur sur de plus grandes hauteurs, c'est à dire, par exemple, sur au moins deux, trois, voire quatre ou plus de rangs de blocs. Dans le cas illustré à titre d'exemple aux figures 2c et 2d, les armatures sont montées dans un canal formé par des alvéoles 12 des blocs individuels de différentes dimensions, ce canal traversant toute la hauteur du mur construit, de la fondation jusqu'aux couvertines 10. Cette caractéristique importante de la présente invention est également clairement visible sur la vue en perspective figure 2e, dans laquelle l'on reconnaît notamment des moyens de liaison respectivement des armatures verticales 8 ainsi que des armatures horizontales 8'.This aspect of the present invention is particularly clearly visible to Figures 2a-2d . The figure 2a shows schematically a slice of wall mounted in Roman opus with building blocks of different lengths and heights and having a visible rough surface imitating the appearance of natural stones, roofs 10 of the same appearance being placed at the top of the wall to allow the evacuation of the rainwater and to direct their runoff outside the apparent faces of the wall. The figure 2b shows a horizontal section along the BB line of the wall slice shown in the figure 2a and the Figure 2c shows a cross section along the line CC of the same wall. It is particularly clearly visible at the figure 2b an arrangement of the cells 12 in the building blocks, as mentioned above, induces that these cells 12 are at least partially superimposed, regardless of the location of the blocks during the assembly of walls, this making it possible to have a channel, available for concreting or even reinforcement, of the wall on greater heights, that is to say, for example, on at least two, three or even four or more rows of blocks. In the case illustrated by way of example Figures 2c and 2d , the armatures are mounted in a channel formed by cells 12 of the individual blocks of different dimensions, this channel traversing the entire height of the wall built, from the foundation to the covers 10. This important feature of the present invention is also clearly visible on the perspective view figure 2e , in which one recognizes in particular connection means respectively vertical reinforcements 8 as well as horizontal armatures 8 '.

A cet effet, un bloc de construction de murs selon la présente invention peut également comporter, à sa surface supérieure et/ou inférieure, un logement longitudinal permettant l'emplacement d'un moyen de liaison horizontal 8'. Le logement longitudinal peut notamment être réalisé par une réservation, voire un chanfrein, tel que visible par exemple à la surface supérieure des blocs illustrés en vue en perspective à la figure 1d. Une armature 8' placée dans un logement longitudinal est montrée dans la perspective illustrée à titre d'exemple à la figure 2e.For this purpose, a wall construction block according to the present invention may also comprise, on its upper surface and / or lower, a longitudinal housing for the location of a horizontal connection means 8 '. The longitudinal housing may in particular be made by a reservation, or even a chamfer, such as visible for example on the upper surface of the blocks illustrated in perspective view at the figure 1d . An armature 8 'placed in a longitudinal housing is shown in the perspective illustrated by way of example at figure 2e .

Du fait notamment de l'entre-axe régulier entre les centres de chaque partie d'un bloc correspondant à une longueur de base LB , la réalisation de tels murs, même à des hauteurs moyennes, de deux à trois mètres, et nécessitant ainsi une armature voire un autre type de liaison, est grandement facilitée par les blocs de construction en béton selon la présente invention, même si un grand nombre de ces blocs de différentes dimensions est utilisé. La réalisation de tels murs de béton imitant l'esthétique des murs en pierres naturelles est ainsi également possible pour un particulier ne disposant pas de connaissances professionnelles dans ce domaine.Due in particular to the regular inter-axis between the centers of each part of a block corresponding to a base length L B , the realization of such walls, even at average heights, of two to three meters, and thus requiring an armature or even another type of connection, is greatly facilitated by the concrete building blocks according to the present invention, even if a large number of these blocks of different dimensions is used. The realization of such concrete walls imitating the aesthetics of natural stone walls is also possible for an individual who does not have professional knowledge in this field.

Cet aspect est encore renforcé par le fait que la présente invention propose également des éléments de fondation 7 adaptés à l'utilisation avec des blocs de construction de murs tels que décrits en détail ci-dessus.This aspect is further reinforced by the fact that the present invention also provides foundation elements 7 adapted for use with wall building blocks as described in detail above.

Une forme d'exécution d'un tel élément de fondation 7 est illustrée en vue latérale à la figure 3a et en vue de dessus à la figure 3b. Un tel élément de fondation 7 se distingue par le fait qu'il comporte une partie supérieure 7.1 ayant une surface d'appui 7.1.1 présentant une largeur BF correspondant sensiblement à une largeur de bloc B desdits blocs de construction. Cet élément de fondation 7 comporte également une partie inférieure 7.2 ayant une surface de pose 7.2.1 présentant une largeur agrandie BA et une partie centrale 7.3 ayant un espace creux 7.3.1 présentant au moins une ouverture latérale 7.3.3, une ouverture supérieure 7.3.4, et au moins une paroi latérale 7.3.2 servant à augmenter la rigidité de l'élément de fondation 7. Dans la forme d'exécution de l'élément de fondation 7 illustré à la figure 3a, la différence entre la largeur BF de la surface d'appui et la largeur agrandie BA de la surface de pose est distribuée asymétriquement de chaque côté de la surface d'appui. Ceci n'est par contre pas obligatoire, de manière à ce que l'élément de fondation 7 puisse être sensiblement symétrique en coupe transversale, notamment dans le cas d'un mur de clôture. De même, la largeur BF de la surface d'appui 7.1.1 ne correspond pas forcément exactement à une largeur de bloc B donnée, mais peut par exemple être légèrement plus grande, de manière à ce que les blocs de construction 1-6, 1'-6' destinés à être posés sur cette surface d'appui 7.1.1 trouvent facilement appui sur cette surface.An embodiment of such a foundation element 7 is illustrated in side view at the figure 3a and in top view at the figure 3b . Such a foundation element 7 is distinguished by the fact that it comprises an upper portion 7.1 having a bearing surface 7.1.1 having a width B F substantially corresponding to a block width B of said building blocks. This foundation element 7 also comprises a lower portion 7.2 having a laying surface 7.2.1 having an enlarged width B A and a central portion 7.3 having a hollow space 7.3.1 having at least one lateral opening 7.3.3, an upper opening 7.3.4, and at least one sidewall 7.3.2 for increasing the rigidity of the foundation element 7. In the embodiment of the foundation element 7 illustrated in FIG. figure 3a the difference between the width B F of the bearing surface and the enlarged width B A of the laying surface is distributed asymmetrically on each side of the bearing surface. This is not mandatory, however, so that the foundation element 7 can be substantially symmetrical in cross section, especially in the case of a fence wall. Similarly, the width B F of the support surface 7.1.1 does not necessarily correspond exactly to a given block width B, but may for example be slightly larger, so that the building blocks 1-6 , 1'-6 'intended to be placed on this bearing surface 7.1.1 are easily supported on this surface.

En référence à la figure 3b, l'on remarque que ladite ouverture supérieure 7.3.4 de l'élément de fondation 7 forme, de préférence, une ouverture latérale dans la partie supérieure 7.1 de l'élément de fondation, de manière à permettre, d'une part, l'introduction latérale dans cet élément de fondation 7 de moyens de liaison verticale 8 et, d'autre part, l'introduction verticale du béton de liaison dans les dits éléments de fondations 7 assemblés avec leur moyens de liaison respectifs. Un tel moyen de liaison verticale 8 inséré et placé à une position stable est illustré à titre d'exemple aux figures 3a et 3b.With reference to the figure 3b it is noted that said upper opening 7.3.4 of the foundation element 7 preferably forms a lateral opening in the upper part 7.1 of the foundation element, so as to allow, on the one hand, the lateral introduction into this foundation element 7 of vertical connection means 8 and, on the other hand, the vertical introduction of the connecting concrete into said foundation elements 7 assembled with their connecting means respectively. Such vertical connection means 8 inserted and placed in a stable position is illustrated by way of example to Figures 3a and 3b .

La vue de dessus de l'élément de fondation 7 visible à titre d'exemple à la figure 3b montre également que cet élément 7 comporte de préférence au moins une butée 7.1.2 et/ou au moins un évidement sur la paroi entourant au moins partiellement ladite ouverture supérieure 7.3.4 de l'espace creux 7.3.1 de la partie centrale 7.3. C'est en effet de cette manière que la position stable du moyen de liaison verticale 8 introduit dans ledit espace creux 7.3.1 est définie. Il n'est pourtant pas obligatoire que l'élément de fondation 7 comporte une telle butée 7.1.2 et la paroi entourant, au moins partiellement, ladite ouverture supérieure 7.3.3 pourrait également être complètement arrondie ou présenter toute autre forme convenable. Tel que visible sur la figure 3b, la ou les parois latérales 7.3.2 qui ont normalement la même profondeur que l'élément de fondation 7 sont par ailleurs également pourvues d'au moins un évidement apte à recevoir la partie horizontale 8.2 du moyen de liaison 8. Ces évidements sont prévus à la limite inférieure, et éventuellement aussi à la limite supérieure, desdites parois latérales 7.3.2, permettant ainsi l'insertion du moyen de liaison 8 et la stabilisation de sa position stable en coopération avec lesdites butées 7.1.2 et/ou évidements correspondants sur la paroi entourant au moins partiellement ladite ouverture supérieure 7.3.4.The top view of the foundation element 7 visible as an example to the figure 3b also shows that this element 7 preferably comprises at least one stop 7.1.2 and / or at least one recess on the wall at least partially surrounding said upper opening 7.3.4 of the hollow space 7.3.1 of the central portion 7.3. It is in this way that the stable position of the vertical connection means 8 introduced into said hollow space 7.3.1 is defined. It is however not required that the foundation element 7 comprises such a stop 7.1.2 and the wall surrounding, at least partially, said upper opening 7.3.3 could also be completely rounded or have any other suitable shape. As visible on the figure 3b , or the side walls 7.3.2 which normally have the same depth as the foundation element 7 are also also provided with at least one recess adapted to receive the horizontal portion 8.2 of the connecting means 8. These recesses are provided at the lower limit, and possibly also at the upper limit, said side walls 7.3.2, thus allowing insertion of the connecting means 8 and stabilization of its stable position in cooperation with said stops 7.1.2 and / or corresponding recesses on the wall at least partially surrounding said upper opening 7.3.4.

En ce qui concerne finalement ledit moyen de liaison verticale 8 adapté pour une utilisation avec les éléments de fondation décrits en détail ci-dessus, il est à noter qu'il présente une première partie 8.1 s'étendant verticalement et une deuxième partie 8.2 s'étendant horizontalement. Telle qu'illustrée en particulier à la figure 3a, la deuxième partie 8.2 a une forme correspondant sensiblement aux contours de l'espace creux 7.3.1 de l'élément de fondation 7, de manière à pouvoir être inséré latéralement dans ledit élément de fondation 7. Du fait que les butées définissant la position stable de moyens de liaison verticale introduits dans un élément de fondation 7 sont arrangées de manière à ce que leurs distances correspondent aux distances entre les alvéoles 12 des blocs de construction destinés à être posés sur la surface d'appui 7.1.1, l'utilisation de ces éléments de fondation 7, respectivement des moyens de liaison verticale 8, facilite grandement la construction des murs notamment armés, étant donné que l'emplacement des moyens de liaison est ainsi prédéfini. Les moyens de liaison verticale 8 peuvent notamment consister en des armatures galvanisées, afin d'éviter leur détérioration et d'augmenter la durée de service de murs construits avec celles-ci.Finally, with respect to said vertical connecting means 8 adapted for use with the foundation elements described in detail above, it should be noted that it has a first portion 8.1 extending vertically and a second portion 8.2 s' extending horizontally. As illustrated in particular in figure 3a , the second part 8.2 has a shape substantially corresponding to the contours of the hollow space 7.3.1 of the foundation element 7, so as to it can be inserted laterally into said foundation element 7. Since the stops defining the stable position of vertical connecting means introduced into a foundation element 7 are arranged so that their distances correspond to the distances between the cells 12 of the blocks of construction intended to be placed on the support surface 7.1.1, the use of these foundation elements 7, respectively vertical connecting means 8, greatly facilitates the construction of the walls including armed, since the location of means of connection is thus predefined. The vertical connection means 8 may in particular consist of galvanized reinforcements, to prevent their deterioration and increase the service life of walls built with them.

Après cette description de la structure d'un bloc de construction de murs, d'un élément de fondation, respectivement de moyens de liaison verticale selon la présente invention, leur utilisation en concertation, ou non, peut être facilement comprise. En effet, un procédé de construction de murs, par exemple un mur de soutènement ou un mur de clôture, utilisant ces éléments selon la présente invention comprend notamment les étapes de mise en place l'un à côté de l'autre des éléments de fondation 7 au sol, voire dans une tranchée. Ensuite, après chaque mise en place d'un élément de fondation 7, au moins un élément de liaison 8 est inséré dans ledit espace creux 7.3.1 et placé dans la position stable, ceci de préférence à l'aide desdites butées agencées sur l'élément de fondation 7. Une fois ces éléments de fondations assemblés, on y coule un béton de liaison à travers l'ouverture 7.3.4. La première partie 8.1 de moyens de liaison verticale 8 sert d'armature d'attente au mur et à son ancrage dans les éléments de fondation 7,. Les éléments de fondation 7 et les moyens de liaison verticale 8 ainsi que le béton de liaison étant en place, les blocs de construction de murs 1-6, 1'-6' sont ensuite placés d'abord sur la surface d'appui 7.1.1 des éléments de fondation 7, puis sur les surfaces supérieures des blocs de construction. Les moyens de liaison verticale 8 sont placés dans les alvéoles 12 de chaque bloc de construction, tel que cela ressort par exemple à la figure 2e. De manière avantageuse, il est possible de placer un moyen de liaison 8' dans ledit logement longitudinal à la surface supérieure et/ou inférieure de chaque bloc de construction, renforçant le mur ainsi également dans cette dimension. Cette manière de procéder permet alors de réaliser un mur renforcé qui reprend les efforts de traction induits par des moments de flexion dus soit à la poussée des terres, en cas de murs de soutènement, soit à la poussée du vent ou similaire en cas de murs de clôture. Alternativement, il est également possible d'utiliser pour des faibles hauteurs, les éléments proposés par la présente invention, notamment les blocs de construction de murs pour réaliser un mur non armé, les alvéoles 12 ne servant dans ce cas qu'à accueillir le béton coulé à travers les canaux formés par ces alvéoles 12. Néanmoins, les blocs de construction selon la présente invention facilitent dans ce cas la réalisation du mur du fait que les canaux formés par les alvéoles 12 traversent la totalité de la hauteur du mur. Enfin, il est également possible de se servir des alvéoles 12 comme noyaux pour contenir tout autre matériau utilisé pour stabiliser les murs montés à sec avec des blocs de construction selon la présente invention. Par ailleurs, les blocs de construction selon la présente invention permettent, tel que mentionné ci-dessus, de réaliser des murs soit en ligne droite, soit en ligne courbe convexe et/ou concave, du fait de leur forme de base trapézoïdale, ceci permettant alors leur utilisation de façon réversible. De plus, les pièces de tête et les pièces d'angle illustrées aux figures 1b respectivement 1c permettent une réalisation harmonieuse avec le reste du mur des têtes de mur, respectivement des angles. Les blocs de construction de murs selon la présente invention permettent ainsi, en combinaison avec le ferraillage et le bétonnage à l'intérieur des alvéoles 12 des blocs et grâce notamment à l'utilisation des éléments de fondation 7 et des moyens de liaison verticale 8, la réalisation de murs de clôture ou de soutènement pouvant atteindre des hauteurs d'environ deux à trois mètres. Lorsqu'il s'agit de réaliser des murs de faible hauteur, les blocs de construction selon la présente invention peuvent être utilisés soit sans armature, soit dans un montage à sec. Selon la présente invention, le montage d'un tel mur est grandement simplifié, de façon à ce que même un ouvrier peu qualifié dans ce domaine ou un non-professionnel puisse facilement s'y atteler, par exemple dans le cadre d'un projet d'aménagement d'un jardin privatif.After this description of the structure of a building block of walls, a foundation element, respectively vertical connection means according to the present invention, their use in consultation, or not, can be easily understood. Indeed, a method of building walls, for example a retaining wall or a fence wall, using these elements according to the present invention comprises in particular the steps of placing one next to the other of the foundation elements. 7 on the ground or in a trench. Then, after each placing of a foundation element 7, at least one connecting element 8 is inserted into said hollow space 7.3.1 and placed in the stable position, this preferably using said stops arranged on the The foundation element 7. Once these foundation elements are assembled, a connecting concrete is poured through the opening 7.3.4. The first part 8.1 of vertical connection means 8 serves as a waiting frame on the wall and its anchoring in the foundation elements 7,. With the foundation elements 7 and the vertical connection means 8 and the connecting concrete in place, the wall building blocks 1-6, 1'-6 'are then placed first on the support surface 7.1. .1 foundation elements 7, then on the upper surfaces of the building blocks. The means of vertical connection 8 are placed in the cells 12 of each building block, as is apparent, for example, from FIG. figure 2e . Advantageously, it is possible to place a connecting means 8 'in said longitudinal housing to the upper and / or lower surface of each building block, reinforcing the wall thus also in this dimension. This way of proceeding then makes it possible to produce a reinforced wall which takes up the tensile forces induced by bending moments due either to the thrust of the earth, in the case of retaining walls, or to the thrust of the wind or the like in the case of walls. Closing. Alternatively, it is also possible to use for low heights, the elements proposed by the present invention, in particular the wall building blocks for producing an unreinforced wall, the cells 12 only serving in this case to accommodate the concrete Poured through the channels formed by these cells 12. Nevertheless, the building blocks according to the present invention facilitate in this case the realization of the wall that the channels formed by the cells 12 through the entire height of the wall. Finally, it is also possible to use the cells 12 as cores to contain any other material used to stabilize the drywall walls with building blocks according to the present invention. Moreover, the building blocks according to the present invention make it possible, as mentioned above, to produce walls either in a straight line or in a convex and / or concave curved line, because of their trapezoidal base shape, this allowing then their use reversibly. In addition, the head pieces and corner pieces illustrated in figures 1b respectively 1c allow a harmonious realization with the rest of the wall of the wall heads, respectively angles. The wall building blocks according to the present invention thus make it possible, in combination with the reinforcement and the concreting inside the cells 12 of the blocks and thanks in particular to the use of the foundation elements 7 and the vertical connection means 8, the realization of fence or retaining walls that can reach heights of about two to three meters. When it comes to making walls of low height, the building blocks according to the present invention can be used either without reinforcement or in dry mounting. According to the present invention, the mounting of such a wall is greatly simplified, so that even a low-skilled worker in this field or a non-professional can easily tackle, for example as part of a project development of a private garden.

La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un bloc de construction de murs, tel que décrit ci-dessus. Un tel procédé comprend notamment les étapes de coulage du béton dans un moule 9, 9', Ensuite, les parties bétonnées 1 ", 2", 3", 4", tel qu'illustré à titre d'exemple aux figures 4a et 4b, sont sorties du moule 9, 9', ces parties bétonnées en un ensemble comportent plusieurs blocs de construction 1-6, 1'-6' délimités entre eux par plusieurs plans de clivage. Lorsque ces pièces bétonnées sont sorties du moule 9, 9', le béton les constituant a au moins partiellement, mais pas obligatoirement complètement, durci. Après une première période d'attente, qui se situe normalement entre 3 et 10 jours, de préférence à 6 à 7 jours de leur production, lesdites parties bétonnées 1 ", 2", 3", 4" sont séparées par clivage en blocs de construction individuels. La ligne de clivage est prédéfinie sur la surface de ces parties du fait de la forme du moule 9, 9'. Finalement, après une deuxième période d'attente d'environ 10 et 50 jours après la production des parties bétonnées, mais de préférence entre 25 et 30 jours, les blocs de construction clivés 1-6, 1'-6' sont traités mécaniquement afin de produire au moins sur certaines de ces surfaces, notamment les surfaces latérales, un aspect esthétique imitant le plus parfaitement possible la pierre naturelle. Le traitement mécanique utilisé pour ce vieillissement artificiel consiste normalement à introduire les blocs individuels clivés dans un tambour rotatif, ce qui permet de créer une surface rugueuse sur les blocs de construction selon la présente invention. Le processus de vieillissement mécanique de ce genre dans un tambour rotatif dure normalement entre 5 et 60, de préférence entre 10 et 30 minutes. D'autres moyens de vieillissement artificiel connus à l'homme de métier peuvent également être utilisés.The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a wall building block, as described above. Such a method notably comprises the steps of pouring the concrete into a mold 9, 9 '. Next, the concreted portions 1 ", 2", 3 ", 4", as illustrated by way of example to Figures 4a and 4b , these molded parts in a set comprise several building blocks 1-6, 1'-6 'delimited between them by several cleavage planes. When these concrete parts are out of the mold 9, 9 ', the concrete constituting them has at least partially, but not necessarily completely, hardened. After a first waiting period, which is normally between 3 and 10 days, preferably 6 to 7 days of their production, said concrete parts 1 ", 2", 3 ", 4" are separated by cleavage into blocks of individual construction. The cleavage line is predefined on the surface of these parts because of the shape of the mold 9, 9 '. Finally, after a second waiting period of about 10 and 50 days after the production of the concreted parts, but preferably between 25 and 30 days, the cleaved building blocks 1-6, 1'-6 'are mechanically treated to to produce at least some of these surfaces, including the side surfaces, an aesthetic appearance imitating as perfectly as possible natural stone. The mechanical treatment used for this artificial aging normally consists in introducing the individual cleaved blocks into a rotating drum, which makes it possible to create a rough surface on the building blocks according to the present invention. The mechanical aging process of this kind in a rotating drum normally lasts between 5 and 60, preferably between 10 and 30 minutes. Other means of artificial aging known to those skilled in the art can also be used.

Pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé de fabrication, un moule 9, 9' comprenant plusieurs compartiments correspondant aux dites parties bétonnées 1 ", 2", 3", 4" et tel qu'illustré schématiquement et à titre d'exemple aux figures 4a et 4b est utilisé. Un tel moule comprend notamment des reliefs formant des lignes de clivage prédéfini sur la surface des parties bétonnées 1 ", 2", 3", 4", tel que schématiquement représenté aux figures 4a et 4b. Par ailleurs, un moule 9, 9' selon la présente invention est notamment modifiable, de manière à ce que les contours desdits compartiments et/ou l'emplacement desdits reliefs soient déplaçables. Par exemple, le moule 9 illustré à titre d'exemple à la figure 4a permet de produire les trois parties bétonnées 1 ", 2", 3", ces parties bétonnées pouvant ensuite être séparées par clivage le long desdites lignes de clivage prédéfinies et figurant schématiquement à la figure 4a, de façon à produire des blocs de construction de type standard 1, 2, 3. Le moule modifié 9' illustré à la figure 4b, de même à titre d'exemple, permet de produire des parties bétonnées 1 ", 2", 4", cette dernière se distinguant de la partie bétonnée 3" produite par le moule 9 illustré à la figure 4a. En effet, tel que visible plus clairement à la figure 4b, l'emplacement modifié des contours desdits compartiments et desdits reliefs du moule 9' par rapport au moule 9 permet de produire ainsi, par l'intermédiaire de la partie bétonnée 4", non seulement des blocs de construction standard 1, 2, 3, mais également deux pièces de tête 4, 5 et une pièce d'angle 6. De toute évidence, des moules de hauteurs différentes peuvent produire ce même type de blocs de construction 1'-6' ayant une hauteur différente. De manière générale, la géométrie des moules 9, 9' reflète la géométrie des blocs de construction à produire.For the implementation of this manufacturing method, a mold 9, 9 'comprising several compartments corresponding to said concrete portions 1 ", 2", 3 ", 4" and as illustrated schematically and by way of example to Figures 4a and 4b is used. Such a mold comprises in particular reliefs forming predefined cleavage lines on the surface of the concreted portions 1 ", 2", 3 ", 4", as schematically represented in FIGS. Figures 4a and 4b . Furthermore, a mold 9, 9 'according to the present invention is particularly modifiable, so that the contours of said compartments and / or the location of said reliefs are movable. For example, the mold 9 illustrated by way of example at figure 4a allows to produce the three concreted parts 1 ", 2", 3 ", these concreted parts can then be separated by cleavage along said predefined cleavage lines and shown schematically at the figure 4a , so as to produce standard type building blocks 1, 2, 3. The modified mold 9 'illustrated in FIG. figure 4b , likewise by way of example, makes it possible to produce concrete parts 1 ", 2", 4 ", the latter being distinguished from the concrete portion 3" produced by the mold 9 illustrated in FIG. figure 4a . Indeed, as visible more clearly in the figure 4b , the modified location of the contours of said compartments and said reliefs of the mold 9 'with respect to the mold 9 thus makes it possible to produce, by means of the concrete part 4 ", not only standard building blocks 1, 2, 3, but also two head pieces 4, 5 and a corner piece 6. Obviously, molds of different heights can produce this same type of building blocks 1'-6 'having a different height. mold geometry 9, 9 'reflects the geometry of the building blocks to be produced.

Au vu de la description précitée, il est clair que la présente invention propose des blocs de construction de murs, des éléments de fondation et des moyens de liaison verticale permettant de réaliser aisément, notamment des murs de soutènement et des murs de clôture à des hauteurs moyennes d'environ de deux à trois mètres et imitant d'une façon optimale l'aspect des pierres naturelles. C'est notamment grâce à la géométrie des blocs de construction et à la qualité du béton et au vieillissement dans le tambour rotatif que le produit final n'a pas l'aspect d'un produit industriel mais celui d'un mur en pierres naturelles. L'utilisation des éléments selon la présente invention est principalement destinée aux projets privés, permettant ainsi la réalisation de murs imitant la pierre naturelle dans ce genre de projet d'une façon simple et à un coût raisonnable. L'utilisation de la présente invention dans le cadre de projets publics de plus grande envergure est évidemment également possible. Il va de soi que des blocs de construction peuvent être produits avec du béton de toutes nuances et qu'il est possible d'adapter le traitement mécanique de vieillissement, afin de reproduire au mieux l'aspect esthétique de plusieurs types de pierres naturelles.In view of the foregoing description, it is clear that the present invention provides wall building blocks, foundation members and vertical connecting means for easy realization, including retaining walls and fence walls at heights. averages of about two to three meters and optimally imitating the appearance of natural stones. It is thanks to the geometry of the building blocks and the quality of the concrete and aging in the rotating drum that the final product does not have the appearance of an industrial product but that of a natural stone wall. . The use of the elements according to the present invention is mainly intended for private projects, thus allowing the realization of walls imitating natural stone in this kind of project in a simple way and at a reasonable cost. The use of the present invention in the context of larger public projects is of course also possible. It goes without saying that building blocks can be produced with concrete of all shades and that it is possible to adapt the mechanical aging treatment, in order to better reproduce the aesthetic appearance of several types of natural stones.

Claims (13)

Bloc de construction de mur (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') en béton de forme sensiblement hexaédrique comportant au moins une surface latérale rugueuse (11) imitant l'aspect de pierre naturelle et au moins une alvéole (12) traversant verticalement ledit bloc, au moins les parois extérieures (13) du bloc entourant ladite au moins une alvéole (12) ayant une épaisseur relative à la largeur du bloc (B) comprise dans la plage allant de 1:3 à 1:6, de manière à permettre le vieillissement des surfaces latérales du bloc, caractérisé par le fait que le bloc de construction de mur comporte un nombre d'alvéoles (12) correspondant à sa longueur, ladite au moins une alvéole (12) étant arrangée sensiblement autour du centre de chaque partie du bloc correspondant à une longueur de base (LB) donnée, et par le fait que ladite au moins une alvéole (12) est disposée dans le plan horizontal du bloc de construction de manière à ce que les alvéoles (12) de blocs de construction de mur de différentes dimensions sont au moins partiellement superposées lors de l'empilement de ces derniers pour la construction d'un mur, de manière à permettre le placement de moyens de liaison verticale (8) à travers lesdites alvéoles (12).Wall construction block (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6') of substantially hexahedral concrete having at least one rough lateral surface ( 11) imitating the appearance of natural stone and at least one cell (12) traversing vertically said block, at least the outer walls (13) of the block surrounding said at least one cell (12) having a thickness relative to the width of the block (B) in the range of 1: 3 to 1: 6, so as to allow aging of the side surfaces of the block, characterized in that the wall building block has a corresponding number of cells (12). at its length, said at least one cell (12) being arranged substantially around the center of each part of the block corresponding to a given base length (L B ), and in that said at least one cell (12) is arranged in the horizontal plane of the building block so that the cells (12) of blocks of co Wall constructions of different dimensions are at least partially superimposed during stacking of the latter for the construction of a wall, so as to allow the placement of vertical connection means (8) through said cells (12). Bloc de construction de mur selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait qu'il peut avoir au moins deux longueurs (L1, L2, L3) et/ou deux hauteurs (H1, H2) différentes pour une largeur de bloc (B) donnée.Wall building block according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it can have at least two lengths (L 1 , L 2 , L 3 ) and / or two heights (H 1 , H 2 ) different for a width of block (B) given. Bloc de construction de mur selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait que les longueurs différentes (L1, L2, L3) de bloc ont un rapport de 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 ou 4:1 par rapport à ladite longueur de base (LB) donnée.Wall building block according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the different block lengths (L 1 , L 2 , L 3 ) have a ratio of 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1 or 4: 1 by relative to said given base length (L B ). Bloc de construction de mur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé par le fait que les parois intérieures (14) du bloc entourant ladite au moins une alvéole (12) ont une épaisseur relative à la largeur de bloc (B) comprise dans la plage allant de 1:3 à 1:8, de manière à permettre le vieillissement des surfaces latérales du bloc.Wall building block according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the inner walls (14) of the block surrounding said at least one cell (12) have a thickness relative to the block width (B) in the range of 1: 3 to 1: 8, such that to allow aging of the lateral surfaces of the block. Bloc de construction de mur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte au moins deux surfaces latérales opposées rugueuses (11) imitant l'aspect de pierre naturelle.Wall building block according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that it comprises at least two opposite, rough side surfaces (11) imitating the appearance of natural stone. Bloc de construction de mur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte, à sa surface supérieure et/ou inférieure, un logement longitudinal permettant l'emplacement de moyens de liaison horizontale (8').Wall building block according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that it comprises, on its upper and / or lower surface, a longitudinal housing for the location of horizontal connection means (8 '). Elément de fondation (7) adapté à être utilisé avec des blocs de construction de mur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte une partie supérieure (7.1) ayant une surface d'appui (7.1.1) présentant une largeur (BF) correspondant sensiblement à une largeur de bloc (B) donnée, une partie inférieure (7.2) ayant une surface de pose (7.2.1) présentant une largeur agrandie (BA), et une partie centrale (7.3) ayant un espace creux (7.3.1) comportant au moins une ouverture latérale ( 7.3.3) et une ouverture supérieure ( 7.3.4).Foundation element (7) adapted for use with wall building blocks according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an upper part (7.1) having a bearing surface (7.1.1) having a width (B F ) substantially corresponding to a given block width (B), a lower part (7.2) having a laying surface (7.2.1) having an enlarged width (B A ), and a central portion (7.3) ) having a hollow space (7.3.1) having at least one lateral opening (7.3.3) and an upper opening (7.3.4). Elément de fondation (7) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait que ladite ouverture supérieure (7.3.4) forme une ouverture latérale dans la partie supérieure (7.1) de l'élément de fondation, de manière à permettre l'introduction latérale d'un moyen de liaison verticale (8) dans ledit élément de fondation (7).Foundation element (7) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said upper opening (7.3.4) forms a lateral opening in the upper part (7.1) of the foundation element, so as to allow the lateral introduction of a vertical connection means (8) in said foundation member (7). Elément de fondation (7) selon l'une des revendications précédentes 7 ou 8,
caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins une butée (7.1.2) et/ou un évidement est prévue sur la paroi entourant au moins partiellement ladite ouverture supérieure (7.3.4) de l'espace creux (7.3.1), de manière à définir une position stable d'un moyen de liaison verticale (8) introduit dans ledit espace creux (7.3.1).Foundation element (7) according to one of the preceding claims 7 or 8,
characterized in that at least one abutment (7.1.2) and / or a recess is provided on the wall at least partially surrounding said upper opening (7.3.4) of the hollow space (7.3.1) so that defining a stable position of a vertical connection means (8) introduced into said hollow space (7.3.1). Moyen de liaison verticale (8) adapté à être utilisé avec des éléments de fondation selon l'une des revendications précédentes 7 à 9, caractérisé par le fait qu'il présente une première partie (8.1) s'étendant verticalement et une deuxième partie (8.2) s'étendant horizontalement, la deuxième partie (8.2) ayant une forme correspondant sensiblement aux contours de l'espace creux (7.3.1) d'un élément de fondation (7), de manière à être adapté à être inséré latéralement dans ledit élément de fondation (7).Vertical connection means (8) adapted for use with foundation elements according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it has a first part (8.1) extending vertically and a second part ( 8.2) extending horizontally, the second portion (8.2) having a shape corresponding substantially to the outline of the hollow space (7.3.1) of a foundation member (7), so as to be adapted to be inserted laterally into said foundation member (7). Procédé de construction d'un mur utilisant des blocs de construction de mur (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 6, des éléments de fondation (7) selon l'une des revendications précédentes 7 à 9, et des moyens de liaison verticale (8) selon la revendication 10,
caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend les étapes de - mettre en place l'un à coté de l'autre des éléments de fondation (7) au sol, - insérer latéralement, après chaque mise en place d'un élément de fondation (7), un moyen de liaison (8) dans ledit espace creux (7.3.1) et le placer dans sa position stable, - remplir les éléments de fondation (7) par un matériau de stabilisation, - mettre en place les blocs de construction de mur (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') soit sur la surface d'appui (7.1.1) d'un élément de fondation (7) soit sur un autre bloc de construction en faisant passer un moyen de liaison (8) dans au moins une alvéole (12) dans chaque bloc de construction et en plaçant un moyen de liaison horizontale (8') dans le logement longitudinal à la surface supérieure et/ou inférieure de chaque bloc de construction, - remplir les blocs de construction de mur (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') montés sur une hauteur donnée par un matériau de stabilisation. A method of constructing a wall using wall building blocks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6') according to one of preceding claims 1 to 6, foundation elements (7) according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 9, and vertical connection means (8) according to claim 10,
characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of - set up next to each other foundation elements (7) on the ground, - insert laterally, after each installation of a foundation element (7), a connection means (8) in said hollow space (7.3.1) and place it in its stable position, - filling the foundation elements (7) with a stabilizing material, - place the wall building blocks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6') on the support surface (7.1 .1) a foundation element (7) or another building block by passing a connecting means (8) in at least one cell (12) in each building block and placing a horizontal connecting means (8 ') in the longitudinal housing at the upper and / or lower surface of each building block, - fill the wall building blocks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6') mounted on a given height by a stabilizing material. Procédé de fabrication d'un bloc de construction de mur (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') selon l'une des revendications précédentes 1 à 6 comprenant les étapes de - faire couler du béton dans un moule (9, 9'), caractérisé par le fait que le procédé comprend les étapes de - sortir des parties bétonnées (1 ", 2", 3", 4") comportant plusieurs blocs de construction coulés ensemble et au moins partiellement durcies du moule (9,9'), - séparer, après une première période d'attente, ces parties bétonnées (1", 2", 3", 4") par clivage en blocs de construction (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') individuels, la ligne de clivage étant prédéfinie sur la surface des parties (1 ", 2", 3", 4"), - vieillir, après une deuxième période d'attente, les blocs de construction (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') individuels par passage dans un tambour rotatif. Method of manufacturing a wall building block (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6') according to one of the preceding claims 1 at 6 including the steps of pouring concrete into a mold (9, 9 '), characterized in that the method comprises the steps of - leaving concrete parts (1 ", 2", 3 ", 4") comprising several building blocks cast together and at least partially hardened mold (9,9 '), separating, after a first waiting period, these concreted parts (1 ", 2", 3 ", 4") by cleavage into building blocks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 ', 2 ', 3', 4 ', 5', 6 '), the cleavage line being predefined on the surface of the portions (1 ", 2", 3 ", 4"), - Aging, after a second waiting period, the individual building blocks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6') per passage through a rotating drum. Moule (9, 9') pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication précédente comprenant plusieurs compartiments correspondant aux parties bétonnées (1 ", 2", 3", 4"), caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend des reliefs formant des lignes de clivage prédéfinies sur la surface des parties (1 ", 2", 3", 4"), et par le fait qu'il est modifiable de manière à ce que les contours desdites compartiments et/ou l'emplacement desdites reliefs sont déplaçables.Mold (9, 9 ') for carrying out the process according to the preceding claim comprising several compartments corresponding to the parts concretes (1 ", 2", 3 ", 4"), characterized in that it comprises reliefs forming predefined cleavage lines on the surface of the parts (1 ", 2", 3 ", 4"), and in that it is modifiable so that the contours of said compartments and / or the location of said reliefs are movable.
EP09165884.9A 2008-07-25 2009-07-20 Wall building block Withdrawn EP2148019A3 (en)

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KR101878894B1 (en) 2018-04-09 2018-07-17 주식회사 콘스텍코리아 Environment-friendly block for earthwall

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KR101878894B1 (en) 2018-04-09 2018-07-17 주식회사 콘스텍코리아 Environment-friendly block for earthwall

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CH699202B1 (en) 2014-11-14
CH699202A1 (en) 2010-01-29

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