FR2781241A1 - Construction block for buildings has channeled face to cooperate with window frame - Google Patents

Abstract

The building block (1) is parallelepiped and includes, in one of its faces, a channel cooperating with the edge of a window or door frame. The block can also have a longitudinal bore hole passing thorough it, allowing easy passage of drainage, or electrical wiring through a wall. The block has a tenon to fit into adjacent blocks.

Description

! CONSTRUCTION BLOCK AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A

BUILDING USING SUCH BLOCKS

  Technical Field The invention relates to the building field. It more specifically targets a particular building block, intended for the production of door frames and

  windows, and pillars integrated into a construction.

  The invention also relates to a method of producing a building using

such blocks.

  Previous techniques Traditionally, to make a building, we use simple agglomerated blocks, posts and concrete blocks, which are placed next to each other following the alignment path materialized on the slab. As regards the corner pillars for example, these are therefore made up of blocks

  individuals slightly prominent so that the pillar protrudes from the plane formed by the wall itself, to give an aesthetic effect.

  Such pillar blocks are generally mounted progressively, at the same time as the agglomerated blocks forming the wall itself. It is easily understood that when the pillars are mounted at the same time as the walls, the alignment constraints are particularly severe, in particular to maintain the offset between the pillar and the face of the wall. 25

  A first problem that the invention seeks to solve is that of alignment constraints.

  Likewise, in order to produce flattering door frames, blocks are also used which are mounted as the wall is built, which therefore have the same drawbacks and the same constraints as the

abovementioned pillar blocks.

  A solution has also been proposed consisting in making door frames independently and prior to the construction of the wall by associating four massive main blocks forming the two lateral jambs, the lintel and the door threshold itself. This previously produced assembly must then be transported to the final place of assembly. However, this kind of assembly is extremely heavy and difficult to handle simply, which limits the uses.

  or significantly increases the cost of the site because of the handling equipment required.

  A second problem which the invention proposes to solve is that of easy handling with a view to producing door or window frames,

or corner or center pillars.

  The objective of the invention is therefore to propose a building block for the realization of pillars, door or window frames which is easy to handle, which allow a mounting of great solidity, while retaining a

  attractive external aesthetic appearance, and being easy to join effectively with the rest of the construction.

Description of the invention

  The invention therefore relates to a building block used in particular for making window and door frames, supports, thresholds and pillars of angles or central; This block is characterized in that it comprises: - a through recess intended to form shuttering in order to receive poured reinforced concrete; - a protruding part forming a tenon, intended to be nested in a hollow part of an adjacent building block forming a mortise; - at least one recessed area capable of allowing keying with

  construction elements with which it comes into contact.

  Thus, the block is particularly easy to handle because it is largely

  hollowed out and therefore has a very limited weight.

  In addition, thanks to this recess forming a lost formwork, the joining of adjacent blocks whose recesses communicate makes the pillars, posts or

  extremely resistant frames.

  The presence of protruding or recessed parts allows easy mounting and facilitates all the operations of centering or aligning the blocks with one another. In addition, the shape of the lateral zones of such a block is particularly suitable for joining with agglomerated building blocks or the like.

adjacent.

  In an advantageous form, the post has a height greater than the depth of the mortise of the adjacent block. In this way, it remains after

  assembly of these two blocks an apparent space which allows the realization of an aesthetic joint.

  To solve the problem of water infiltration inside this joint, the post is located on the upper face of the block to avoid the accumulation of water in the hollow formed by the mortise.

  In practical embodiments, the post has a pyramidal or frustoconical shape.

  In this case, the crushing stresses are limited to the upper surface

  of the post, which eliminates the risks of degradation of the block in the visible areas.

  In an alternative embodiment, each block comprises means for anchoring with the construction elements with which it comes into contact. According to different embodiments, they can be frames, perforated plates or waiting boxes allowing a particularly effective connection, especially as

  these anchoring means are then embedded in the keying which connects the block and the adjacent building element.

  The invention also relates to a method of constructing a building comprising pillars, door and window frames.

  According to the invention, this process is characterized in that it consists: - first of all in assembling the pillars and the door frames by means of building blocks according to the invention; - then, to assemble construction elements to form the walls of the building between the different pillars and frames previously assembled, the position of said pillars and frames allowing

  the alignment for mounting said construction elements.

  In this way, the construction of buildings according to the invention differs fundamentally from known construction methods because the pillars and the various door frames are assembled beforehand to form a

  skeleton on which are then mounted the walls and the rest of the construction.

  So, after stacking the different blocks of pillars or frames,

  concrete is poured into the communicating recesses of all of the associated blocks to form a structure of great solidity.

  Subsequently, all the pillars and thresholds form a skeleton or framework in which it suffices to mount the rest of the walls without worrying about

  alignment, the latter being ensured by a simple cord drawn between the elements of the skeleton.

Brief description of the drawings

  The manner of carrying out the invention as well as the advantages which flow therefrom

  Will emerge clearly from the description of the embodiments which follow, in support of the appended figures in which:

  Figure 1 is a summary perspective view of an embodiment of a block according to the invention.

  FIG. 2 is a top view of the block illustrated in FIG. 1.

  FIG. 3 is a sectional view along the plane III-III 'of FIG. 2.

  Figure 4 is a detail sectional view of the contact area between two adjacent blocks at the tenon-mortise assembly.

  Figure 5 is a summary perspective view of a conforming block according to

  an alternative embodiment of the invention which includes anchoring means with the adjacent building blocks.

  Figure 6 is a top view of a block according to the invention intended to constitute a window sill.

  FIG. 7 is a sectional view along the plane VII-VII 'of FIG. 6.

  FIG. 8 is a top view of a block according to the invention intended to constitute a window lintel, shown in FIG. 9 along the plane IX-IX 'of FIG. 8.

  Figure 10 is a summary perspective view of a building under construction according to the method according to the invention.

  Figure 11 1 is a front view of a slab fitted with bases.

  Figures 12 and 13 are sectional views along the planes identified respectively XII-XII 'and XIII-XIII' in Figure 11.

  Manner of realizing the invention As already said, the invention relates to a building block in particular

  used to make door or window frames, as well as single-sided, double-sided, or corner pillars.

  Such a block is illustrated in Figure 1. This block (1), of substantially parallelepiped geometry comprises a recess (2) through which is intended to form shuttering in order to receive poured concrete. This recess or reservation (2) has an oval section in the illustration of Figures 1 and 2, but can adopt

  any advantageous geometric shape, for example elliptical, circular or polygonal, to take account of manufacturing constraints.

  In any event, the volume of this obviously (2) must be maximum on the one hand, to lighten the block (1) in order to improve its maneuverability, and on the other hand,

  to constitute a sufficiently large stiffening post. The invention therefore covers the alternative embodiments which follow this spirit.

  Furthermore, this block (1) also includes a protruding part (3) forming a tenon. This post (3) has the function of ensuring the nesting in an area

  in the hollow (4) complementary in the block (10) intended to be placed on the block (1) of FIG. 1, as illustrated in FIG. 4.

  In the illustrated form, the protruding part forming a tenon (3) has a pyramidal shape with four sides. Obviously, the invention also covers different alternative embodiments in which this post would be for example frustoconical or would have a cut out shape in order to limit the risks of pivoting of the blocks on one another. Advantageously, this tenon (3) is placed on the upper face (5) of the block (1) to avoid any risk of water infiltration into the volume formed by the mortise (4) .10 Advantageously, the height HT of the tenon (3) as illustrated, of the lower block (1) illustrated in FIG. 4 is greater than the depth Hm of the mortise (4), which lets appear on the lateral faces (6) of the posts or frames, a

  empty space (7) capable of receiving a seal. In this way, the finished pillar has a flattering aesthetic appearance.

  Regarding dimensions, the upper part of the tenon (3) corresponding to the upper face (8) of the pyramid has a section ST less than the surface SM of the bottom of the mortise (4) to allow a certain latitude of movement20 favorable to an optimal centering. In addition, in this way, the contact zone between two superimposed blocks (1, 10) is limited only to the upper face (8) of the stud.

  (3), which concentrates the crushing stresses and prevents the external visible zones from cracking under a heavy load.

  The lateral faces (12) of the block as illustrated in FIG. 1, that is to say the faces in contact with which the agglomerated blocks of

  construction have a recessed area (13) adapted to allow keying with said construction elements.

  In this way, the wall or the building part, and the pillar or the neighboring threshold are firmly joined together.

  In a more particular form illustrated in FIG. 5, the block (20) has an anchoring means, such as for example a hooked rod (21) which connects

  the recess (22) forming formwork in the keying zone (23) with regard to the adjacent agglomerated building blocks. In this way, an effective bridging and securing is carried out between the stiffening post cast in the recesses (22) and the building blocks directly in contact with the block according to the invention.

  The rods (21) can be replaced by perforated plates or waiting boxes (not shown).

  The blocks as illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 can be stacked to form either pillars, or window or door frames. The recess (2) can be offset from the center of the block to leave a prominent area which is in relief relative to the main face of the wall.15 Thus, if the pillar has only one visible face, the recess will be slightly eccentric, while if the pillar is through, the recess will be located

substantially on the median plane.

  In the case of a corner pillar, the recess will be offset in both directions.

  Such blocks when assembled under one another can form jambs for window or door frames. They are then directly mounted on elements (30) as illustrated in Figure 6 which shows a window sill. In this case, the support (30) comprises a base (31) whose front part (32) protrudes from the plane of the wall and which comprises on each of its lateral faces (33, 34) two portions (35, 36) of block according to the invention. These portions have interlocking members (37, 38) (tenon-mortise) with the not shown blocks which will form the legs. The block portions also have recesses (39, 40) such that when the

  legs are placed on the support (30), the casting makes it possible to obtain a massive unitary unit of great rigidity.

  Advantageously, the lower part of the block forming a support and in the shape of an inverted U, as illustrated in FIG. 7 to facilitate installation on the pre-

  existing, and to ensure a good timing.

  In this way, this block forming a support comes astride the part of the wall already mounted.

  Obviously, the same principle can be used to make lintels which are similarly secured to the jambs of the frame.

  Figure 8 illustrates a lintel element. Thus, this element comprises a main part (41) and two end portions (42, 43) conforming to

  the invention. These portions (42, 43) each have a recess (44, 45) intended for pouring concrete, as well as in the lower part of the hollow zones (46, 47) forming a mortise to receive by entanglement, the upper end of the jambs.

  Advantageously, as shown in FIG. 9, this lintel-forming element has a U-shaped section in order to allow the blocks intended to form the wall located above the lintel to be embedded, between the two walls (48, 49) of the U .

  The building blocks according to the invention are made from a mixture of rolled sand, and / or crushed sand, white or colored cement and additive.

  The use of blocks in accordance with the invention makes it possible to advantageously implement a particularly advantageous construction method.

  Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 10, the construction method according to the invention consists, in a first step, of mounting the elements constituting the pillars (50 - 52) and the door frames (53), then, in a second step, pouring the bitter concrete into the recesses of these pillars (50 - 52) and frames

  (53) to form stiffening posts.

  Beforehand as illustrated in FIG. 11, bases (61, 62, 63, 64) intended to receive the various posts (65, 66) and the legs (67, 68) are placed on the slab (60). ) door frames. More precisely, each of these bases (61 - 64) has a protruding zone (70) intended to form a tenon for nesting in the mortise (72) located in the lower part of the different blocks which will be piled there. Like the blocks according to the invention, these bases have a recess (71) crossed by not shown frames embedded in the lower part

in the slab (60).

  The positioning of these bases is the only step requiring great adjustment precision. Indeed, the very precise positioning of these bases makes it possible to avoid any subsequent alignment. To improve the positioning of these bases, in particular at the door thresholds, two successive bases (62, 63) can be connected by a rectilinear zone (73)

  having the exact length to ensure the precise spacing between the legs (67, 68) of the frame.

  Advantageously, as illustrated in FIG. 13, this rectilinear part (73) can have a prominent zone (74) forming a gum allowing the laying of

the door frame.

  Referring again to FIG. 10, subsequently, alignment cords are drawn between the different pillars (50 - 52) to allow the establishment and assembly of the agglomerated building blocks (55). The operations

  alignment, when mounting the wall, are therefore greatly simplified and the conduct of work is facilitated.

  As the walls are built, the window frames (57) according to the invention are put in place when the height of the wall

  corresponds to the height of installation of the window.

  The construction method according to the invention makes it possible to produce buildings which include pillars and door frames made of blocks having a finished appearance, but whose walls can be produced with any type of

  material, and not only agglomerated blocks, but also bricks, or even 5 made of wood, stone, concrete.

  It appears from the above that the building block according to the invention has the following advantages: - great maneuverability due to its low weight; - a final exterior appearance which avoids all plastering and finishing operations; - optimal rigidity thanks to the use of the block as lost formwork for the production of stiffening posts; - ease of setting up centering thanks to the embedding or nesting system in tenon-mortise; - the elimination of alignment constraints in the case of using the method according to the invention for producing a framework prior to

mounting the walls.

Claims (8)

  1 / Building block (1), in particular used for making window frames, door frames or corner or central pillars, characterized in that it comprises: - a through recess (2) intended to form shuttering to receive poured reinforced concrete; - a protruding part forming a tenon (3), intended to be nested in a hollow part (4) of an adjacent building block forming a mortise; - at least one recessed area (13) capable of allowing keying with elements   of construction with which it comes into contact.   2 / Block according to claim 1, characterized in that the tenon (3) has a height HT greater than the depth HM of the mortise (4) of the adjacent block.   3 / Block according to claim 2, characterized in that the pin (3) is located on the upper face of the block (1).   4 / block according to claim 2, characterized in that the post (3) has a pyramidal or frustoconical shape.   / Block (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises anchoring means (22) with the construction elements with which it comes into contact.   6 / block (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that the anchoring means are constituted by at least one frame.   7 / block (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that the anchoring means consist of at least one perforated plate.   8 / block (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that the anchoring means consist of at least one waiting box.   9 / A method of constructing a building comprising pillars (50 - 52), and door frames (53), characterized in that it consists: first of all in assembling the pillars (50 - 52) and the door frames (53)   by means of building blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 8;   - Then, to assemble construction elements (55) to form the walls of the building between the different pillars (50 - 52) and frames (53) previously assembled, the position of said pillars (50 - 52) and frames (53 ) allowing   the alignment for mounting said building elements (55).