WO1998054418A1 - Building framework - Google Patents

Building framework Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998054418A1
WO1998054418A1 PCT/BE1998/000051 BE9800051W WO9854418A1 WO 1998054418 A1 WO1998054418 A1 WO 1998054418A1 BE 9800051 W BE9800051 W BE 9800051W WO 9854418 A1 WO9854418 A1 WO 9854418A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
beams
posts
post
frame
wings
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BE1998/000051
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Wybauw
Original Assignee
Rebuild World Rbw S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rebuild World Rbw S.A. filed Critical Rebuild World Rbw S.A.
Priority to BR9809696-6A priority Critical patent/BR9809696A/en
Priority to SK1610-99A priority patent/SK161099A3/en
Priority to JP50002399A priority patent/JP2002500712A/en
Priority to AU69123/98A priority patent/AU6912398A/en
Priority to PL98337161A priority patent/PL337161A1/en
Priority to KR1019997010490A priority patent/KR20010012535A/en
Priority to EP98914716A priority patent/EP0985071A1/en
Priority to CA002291591A priority patent/CA2291591A1/en
Publication of WO1998054418A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998054418A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building frame formed by the assembly on site of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements.
  • EP-A-012 736 discloses a steel construction unit, prefabricated in the factory, essentially in the form of a straight prism (generally a rectangular parallelepiped).
  • Each construction unit comprises a floor element and a ceiling element each consisting of a box open downwards, formed by a frame and a horizontal wall connected to the upper edge of the frame.
  • the floor and ceiling elements are interconnected by means of uprights having a V-shaped section.
  • the frames and the uprights, made from large steel plates, are joined together by bolting.
  • the buildings are then produced by juxtaposition and superposition of such construction units.
  • a frame according to EP-A-0 012 736 is, like any metal frame, difficult to protect against fire.
  • a metal frame risks, in fact, being deformed in the event of a fire and thus jeopardizing the stability of the building.
  • the frameworks of buildings according to BE-A-884.971 obviously offer good fire resistance, but nevertheless have some drawbacks.
  • the horizontal walls of these frames are formed of monolithic reinforced concrete boxes. As the dimensions of these walls are preferably quite large, these boxes are heavy and bulky and their transport can therefore pose problems, at least in certain countries or regions.
  • the thickness of the wings of the V-shaped uprights and the thickness of the beams which form the framework of said boxes is necessarily greater than what is possible with steel construction. This seriously reduces, therefore the section of corner sheaths that can be made in the angles formed by the wings of the uprights. The section of these corner sheaths may therefore be insufficient for passing there, for example, one or more pipes of relatively large diameter, such as falls from W.C.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a building framework constructed by assembling on the site prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete which are not very diversified, of simple shapes and easy to mass produce.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide a technique for producing frameworks for buildings which provides greater architectural flexibility and which in particular makes it possible to increase the distance between the posts and to reduce the number of posts and beams forming the framework, while using prefabricated elements which are easier to transport and handle.
  • the invention also aims to provide such a building frame in which it is easy to produce, near the posts of the frame, vertical technical ducts passing through the successive floors of the building along these posts.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a frame giving the building very good stability, without additional bracing, thanks to the stiffness of the nodes of the frame.
  • the present invention relates to a two-storey building frame, formed by the assembly on site of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, comprising posts, beams whose ends bear on the posts and floor elements resting on beams, the posts located on successive floors being arranged vertically from one another.
  • the posts have a cross-section which is substantially L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped and therefore have, respectively, two, three or four wings, depending on whether they serve as support, respectively, with two, three or four ends of beams.
  • the beams of the framework comprise main beams arranged, at each level of the building, in parallel alignments with one another, and transverse beams arranged, at each level of the building, transversely between the alignments of main beams.
  • the main beams and the transverse beams are supported by each of their ends on a post wing and are horizontally oriented in the direction of these wings.
  • the layout and dimensions of the beams which bear on the posts of the same level of the building are such that the underside of the transverse beams is at an intermediate level between the underside and the upper face of the main beams.
  • Assembly means rigidly connect the beams and the posts to each other joining at each node of the frame, this connection being such that it ensures continuity both of the butted beams and of the superimposed posts, for the tensile and compression.
  • the floor elements are supported on the main beams. Openings are made in the floor elements, near at least some posts in the angles formed by the wings of these posts, thus allowing the realization of vertical technical sheaths passing from floor to floor, in the corners formed by these wings .
  • the building frame according to the invention is presented, in plan, like a rectangular mesh canvas formed by several straight lines parallel to each other, cut perpendicularly by other lines parallel to each other.
  • the posts are located at the intersections of these lines, the beams and the wings of the posts being arranged along the lines of this mesh.
  • a rectangle of this mesh can possibly be completely covered by a floor element.
  • a mesh rectangle is however covered by two or more juxtaposed floor elements, so as to avoid the use of floor elements whose manufacture, transport and handling would be disadvantageous or difficult because of their dimensions.
  • the arrangement and dimensions of the beams which bear on the posts of the same level of the building are such that the upper face of the transverse beams is located at a level higher than the upper face of the beams main, the arrangement and dimensions of the beams (main and transverse) and of the floor elements being such that the upper face of the floor elements is situated substantially at the same level as the upper face of the transverse beams.
  • the height of the main beams is greater than the height of the transverse beams.
  • one or more of the wings of the posts have, near the crossing of the wings, an area of thinner thickness than that of the rest of these wings.
  • each end of the beam terminating in a node of the frame bears directly on a post wing.
  • the upper end of each post is shaped in such a way that the upper face of each post wing which supports the end of a transverse beam is situated above the level of the upper face of each post wing which supports the end of a main beam.
  • the main beams and the transverse beams comprise, during their prefabrication and their installation in the framework, a part of reinforcement "on standby", not embedded in the concrete, at each of their ends.
  • each upper post of a frame node is shaped so that it bears by each of its wings on the upper face of an end section of a beam leading to this node. It will be understood, in particular, that when the upper face of the horizontal beams leading to a knot is situated at a level higher than the upper face of the main beams, the lower face of each post wing which rests on a transverse beam is, similarly, located above the level of the underside of each wing which rests on a main beam. It will be noted that with this embodiment, parts of beams are interposed between the upper face of the lower post and the lower face of the upper post.
  • connection bars which are contained in the lower part of the upper post, which pass through holes made in the places appropriate in the beams and which are contained in the upper part of the lower post. These connection bars are sealed in these posts and in these vertical holes.
  • the assembly means which rigidly connect the beams and the columns together at each node of the frame comprise metal plates which extend the beams and the reinforced concrete columns at each of their ends.
  • Each end of the beam is extended by a vertical metal plate which is secured to the metal frame embedded in the concrete of this beam and which is oriented in substance along the axis of the beam.
  • Each post end is extended, at each of its wings, by a vertical metal plate which is secured to the frame metallic embedded in the concrete of said post and which is oriented substantially in a plane which includes the axis of the pole and the axis of the wing which carries it.
  • All these metal plates are such that, at each node of the framework, the plates carried by the ends of beams leading to this node, can each be fixed, by bolting, to a plate carried by the upper end of the post which carries these beams and to a plate carried by the lower end of the post placed immediately above.
  • the vertical metal plate which extends each end of the beam is secured by welding with the metal frame of this beam, a portion of this frame being welded to a portion of a metal plate, this portion being embedded in the concrete of said beam.
  • said vertical metal plate which extends each end of the beam is secured to the metal frame of this beam by welding to a shoe constituted by a metal plate itself welded to the end of the frame. , perpendicular to the axis of the beam. This shoe is therefore applied against the concrete end of the beam.
  • each of the vertical metal plates which extend each end of the post is joined by welding to the metal frame of this post, a portion of this frame being welded to a portion of a metal plate, this welded portion being embedded in the concrete of the post.
  • the vertical metal plates which extend each end of the pole are secured to the metal frame of this pole by welding to a shoe consisting of a horizontal metal plate itself welded to the end of the reinforcement, perpendicular to the axis of the post. This shoe is therefore applied against the concrete end of the post.
  • connection bars For the connection of the framework elements to each other by means of connection bars, use is generally made of a sealing material which may consist of mortar without shrinkage.
  • a sealing material which may consist of mortar without shrinkage.
  • other inorganic or organic sealants can be used (such as, for example, sealants based on heat-resistant polymerizable resins).
  • the subject of the invention is also a two-storey building which comprises a framework as defined above.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, with partial cutaway, of a part of the building frame, according to a first embodiment, viewed obliquely from above, -
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the frame part shown in FIG. 1;
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are views in vertical section, respectively along lines III-III and IV-IV of FIG. 2, showing enlarged details of the structure;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view, on a larger scale, with cutaway and exploded view, showing the ends of the cross-section beams and posts which can be assembled in a knot of framework, these elements being seen obliquely from above
  • - Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are views similar to FIG. 5, showing the successive phases of the production of the framework node
  • - FIG. 9 further shows floor elements (shown with cutouts) resting on the main beams
  • Fig. 10 is a view of the same framework node as that shown in FIG. 9, but shown obliquely below, - in this FIG. 10 are shown, in addition, floating slab elements (shown with cutouts) resting on the floor elements
  • - Figs. 11 and 12 are views similar to FIGS.
  • Figs. 13 and 14 are views similar to Figs. 11 and 12, but show a framework node at the junction of a main beam, two transverse beams and two posts with a T-shaped section;
  • Figs. 15 and 16 are views similar to Figs. 13 and 14 but show a framework node at the junction of a main beam, a transverse beam and two columns with an L-shaped section;
  • Fig. 17 is a plan view, on a larger scale, showing the ends of two main beams and two transverse beams which join in a framework node as shown in FIG. 7; this Fig.
  • FIG. 17 shows in particular the shape and arrangement of the "waiting" reinforcements carried by these ends of beams
  • - FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 8 but shows an alternative embodiment of the framework
  • - FIG. 19 is a vertical sectional view along the line XIX-XIX of FIG. 18
  • Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 are views respectively similar to Figs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15 and 16 but show the realization of the nodes of the frame according to the invention, according to another example of embodiment, the ends of the posts and beams meeting at each node of the frame being connected together, by joining together, by bolting, metal plates carried by these ends of posts and beams
  • Figs. 28, 29 and 30 are schematic plan views (similar to FIG.
  • FIG. 31 is a section along a horizontal plane of a post with four wings (cross-shaped section), - this figure also shows attached panels which close the corners formed by the wings of the post, thus forming vertical technical sheaths in which pass vertical pipes;
  • Figs. 32 and 33 are sections similar to FIG. 31 but illustrate alternative embodiments of the posts.
  • the framework of building 1 shown in Figs. 1 to 17 is made up of posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, main beams 7, transverse beams 8 and floor elements 9. These reinforced concrete elements are prefabricated in the factory, which makes it possible to reach great precision with regard to their dimensions.
  • the posts 2 and 3, located at the corners of the building have an L-shaped cross section, the right angle formed by the two wings of each post 2, 3 is turned towards the interior of the building.
  • the other posts 4, 5 located along the periphery of the building have a T-shaped cross section, the wing of each post 4, 5 which forms the lower branch of the T being directed towards the interior of the building.
  • the posts 6 which are distant from the periphery of the building have a cross section in the shape of a cross.
  • the building structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 appears in plan as a rectangular mesh canvas formed by three straight lines parallel to each other, cut perpendicularly by other straight lines parallel to each other.
  • Posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are located at the intersections of these lines.
  • the beams 7, 8 and the wings of the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 on which they rest are arranged along the lines of this mesh.
  • the beams 7 called “main beams” are arranged along said three parallel lines, the beams 8, called “transverse beams” being arranged along the lines perpendicular to these three lines.
  • the main 7 and transverse 8 beams are supported by each of their ends on a post wing.
  • the width of the beams 7, 8 is preferably equal to the width of the post wings on which they rest.
  • the height of the main beams 7 is greater than that of the transverse beams 8.
  • the arrangement of the beams 7, 8 which bear on the posts 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6 of the same level of the building is such that the lower face of the transverse beams 8 is located at an intermediate level between the lower face and the upper face of the main beams 7; moreover, the upper face of these same transverse beams 8 is situated at a higher level than the upper face of the main beams 7.
  • the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 located on the successive stages are arranged vertically from one another.
  • the posts and beams which meet at each node of the frame 1 are rigidly connected to each other by securing means which are shown in Figs. 4 to 17.
  • the floor elements 9 are supported by two opposite edges on main beams 7. They are juxtaposed so as to form a continuous slab. Openings 10 are made in the floor elements 9, near the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, in the angles formed by the wings of these posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, thus making it possible to produce vertical technical ducts passing from floor to floor, in the corners formed by these wings.
  • openings 11 formed in the beams 7, 8 allow the passage of horizontal pipes in the building. These horizontal pipes can be masked by false ceilings 12 located substantially at the level of the underside of the transverse beams 8, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 show a framework node at the junction of two posts 6 having a cross-shaped section and the manner in which the elements which join at this node are connected together.
  • the wings of the lower post 6 which serve as support for the transverse beams 8 have an extension 13 upwards relative to the rest of the post 6.
  • the lower face of the transverse beams 8 is at an intermediate level between the lower face and the upper face of the main beams 7.
  • the upper face of these transverse beams 8 is at a level higher than the upper face of the main beams 7, the lower end of the upper post 6 is shaped accordingly, the wings of the upper post 6 having an extension 14 downward relative to the rest of the post 6, so that each wing of the upper post 6 rests on a main beam 7 or on a transverse beam 8.
  • the "waiting" reinforcements 16 carried by the ends of the main beams 7 are similar to the reinforcements 15, but each comprise an additional reinforcement bar situated between the lateral branches of the stirrup; the end of this additional rebar is welded to the crossbar of this stirrup.
  • Fig. 17 shows, in a plan view, the arrangement of the reinforcements 15 and 16 when the ends of beams 7, 8 are placed on the top of a post 6.
  • the waiting armatures 16 carried by the two beams 7 can pass one above the other.
  • the "waiting" reinforcements carried by one of the main beams 7 are slightly inclined upwards, while the “waiting” reinforcements 16 carried by the other main beam 7 are slightly inclined downwards.
  • the same arrangements are obviously made for the “waiting” reinforcements 15 carried by the ends of the transverse beams 8.
  • the lower reinforcements 15 of the beams transverse 8 are located at an intermediate level between the lower and upper frames 16 of the main beams 7 and well spaced from these frames 16; the upper frames 15 of the transverse beams 8 are themselves above the upper frames 16 of the main beams 7 and well spaced from these upper frames 16.
  • floor elements 9 are put in place as shown in FIG. 8. Note that the arrangement and dimensions of the main beams 7, the transverse beams 8 and the floor elements 9 are such that the upper face of the floor elements 9 is located substantially at the same level as the upper face of the transverse beams 8 .
  • connection bars 17 are introduced into vertical sheaths 18 sealed in the upper part of the wings of the lower post 6 passing through vertical holes 19 made at the appropriate places in the beams 7, 8.
  • the upper post 6 is then put in place, taking care to bring the upper part of the connection bars 17 into vertical sleeves (not shown in the Figures) sealed in the lower part of the wings of the upper post 6.
  • connection bars 17 are sealed, in a manner known per se, in the holes 19 and in the sleeves contained in the ends of the posts 6.
  • fluid mortar can be used without shrinkage or other suitable sealing materials such as heat-resistant polymerizable resins. Thanks to this connection by means of connection bars 17, there is continuity between the superposed posts 6, both for the tensile and compressive forces.
  • FIGS. 11 to 16 show the structure and the realization of framework nodes at the junction of two posts 4 or 5 with T-shaped section or at the junction of two posts 2 with L-shaped section. We can easily understand the structure and the realization of these framework nodes by analogy with what is said above about the framework nodes at the junction of two posts 6 with cross-shaped section.
  • Figs. 18 and 19 show an alternative embodiment of frameworks similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 to 17.
  • the upper part 21 of the frame of the main beams 7 is left "pending" during the prefabrication of these beams.
  • these bear by their edges on the already concreted part of these beams 7.
  • Additional horizontal reinforcing bars 22 are placed perpendicular to the direction of the beam 7 in openings 23 formed in the floor elements 9. Concrete is then poured into the space between the floor elements 9 facing each other, thus drowning the upper part 21 of the reinforcements of the main beams 7 and the additional reinforcing bars 22. In this way the floor elements 9 are rigidly joined together and to the main beam 7.
  • the upper face of the beam 7 thus produced is located higher (that is to say at the level of the upper face of the floor elements 9) than with the technique shown in FIGS. 3 to 16.
  • its lower face will therefore also be located higher, which correspondingly reduces the size downwards of this beam 7.
  • Figs. 20 to 27 show frame nodes according to the invention, formed according to another embodiment.
  • Figs. 20 to 23 show in particular a framework node at the junction of two posts 6 having a cross-shaped section and the manner in which the elements which join at this node are connected together according to this embodiment.
  • each end of the main beam 7 is extended by a vertical metal plate 24 which is secured to the metal frame of this beam 7, by being welded to a metal shoe 25 which is itself welded to the end of the reinforcement (not visible in the figures), perpendicular to the axis of the beam 7.
  • This shoe 25 is therefore applied against the concrete end of the beam 7.
  • each end of transverse beam 8 is extended by a vertical metal plate 26 which is secured to the metal frame of this beam 8, by being welded to a metal shoe 27 which is itself welded to the end of the frame, perpendicular to the axis of the beam 8.
  • each end of pole 6 is extended, at each of its wings, by a vertical metal plate 28 which is secured to the metal frame of this pole 6, by welding to a metal shoe 29 which is itself welded at the end of the reinforcement, perpendicular to the axis of the post 6.
  • Each end of a post 6 is therefore extended by four vertical metal plates 28.
  • Each of these plates 28 is oriented substantially in a plane which includes the axis of the pole 6 and the axis of the wing which carries it.
  • each beam 7, 8 which extends one end of the beam 7, 8, is oriented substantially along the axis of the beam 7, 8 which carries it.
  • a metal plate 24, 26 is not placed exactly along the median longitudinal vertical plane of the beam 7, 8 which carries it, but its position is offset laterally by a distance which corresponds to the thickness of such a metal plate. Thanks to this arrangement, the axis of each beam 7, 8 will be directed exactly towards the axis of the post 6 which carries it.
  • All these metal plates 24, 26, 28 are pierced with holes for bolts 30.
  • the dimensions and arrangement of these plates 24, 26, 28 and the arrangement of holes for bolts 30 are such that the plates 24, 26 carried by the ends beams 7, 8 can each be fixed, by bolting, to a plate 28 carried by the upper end of the post 6 which carries these beams and to a plate 28 carried by the lower end of the post 6 placed immediately above.
  • FIGS. 24 to 27 show the structure and the realization of framework nodes at the junction of two posts 4 with T-shaped section or at the junction of two posts 2 with L-shaped section. We can easily understand the structure and the realization of these framework nodes by analogy with what is said above about the framework nodes at the junction of two posts 6 with cross-shaped section, as shown in Figs. 20 to 23.
  • FIGs. 20 to 27 offer many advantages and in particular the well-known advantages which are due to the ease of organization of what is known as the "dry site”. It will also be easily understood that with such a construction technique, the modification or enlargement of a building is greatly facilitated. It is also easy and very advantageous to be able to easily dismantle and reuse the framework elements of the buildings which it is desired to dismantle.
  • Figs. 28, 29 and 30 are schematic plan views (similar to FIG. 2) showing three other examples of frame parts according to the invention.
  • Fig. 28 shows that two parts of the framework of a building can be horizontally offset with respect to each other.
  • the alignments of main beams 7 of one part of the frame are, in fact, horizontally offset with respect to the alignments of main beams 7 of the other part of the frame.
  • Fig. 29 is a schematic plan view of part of the framework of a building (such as, for example a office building) in which two parallel corridors are provided between them.
  • all the posts are posts 4, 5 with T-shaped section, with the exception of posts 2, 3 with L-shaped section at the corners of the building (not shown in Fig. 29 ).
  • posts 4, 5 with a T-shaped section inside the building facilitates the distribution of the cables and pipes coming from the vertical technical sheaths housed in the corners of the posts 4, 5, to the premises situated on the and others from the corridors.
  • Fig. 30 schematically shows the frameworks of a series of juxtaposed single-family houses. It will be noted that in this case all the posts of the framework are posts 5 with T-shaped section and posts 2, 3 with L-shaped section.
  • Fig. 31 is a section, along a horizontal plane, of a post 6 with four wings. In the corners formed by the wings of this post 6, vertical technical sheaths are installed through which pipes 31 pass.
  • Such a technical sheath can be closed by an attached panel 32 which connects in a straight line two adjacent wings of the post 6.
  • An attached panel 33 makes it possible to close a technical sheath of larger section, while an attached panel 34 makes it possible to close a sheath smaller section technique.
  • Fig. 32 is a section similar to that of FIG. 31 but shows an alternative embodiment of a cross section post.
  • Two of the wings of the post 35 have, near the crossing of the wings, a zone of thinner thickness than that of the rest of these wings. This makes it possible in particular to form a vertical technical sheath for small diameter pipes 36, such as for example certain electrical pipes.
  • Such a small section technical sheath can be closed by an attached panel 37.
  • Fig. 33 is a section similar to that of FIGS. 31 and 32, but shows a pole 38 with cross-shaped section, each of the four wings having a cross section thinner near the crossing of the wings than that of the rest of this wing.
  • the thinning of the post wings near the crossing of the wings also makes it possible to produce technical sheaths of larger section (than in the absence of this thinning), when these technical sheaths are closed, for example, by attached panels 32, 33 or 34.
  • Figs. 31 to 33 show posts with cross-section, but it will be understood that the variants shown also apply, by analogy, to posts with L-shaped or T-shaped sections.
  • Buildings comprising frameworks according to the invention can have the most varied shapes, dimensions and functions. Many of the advantages of these frames come not only from the particular shape of the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and the stiffness of the nodes of the frame, but also from the difference between the level of the underside of the main beams 7 and the level of the underside of the transverse beams 8.
  • the main beams 7 are generally aligned along the facade of the building and parallel to this facade.
  • these beams 7 can form the lintel of the openings (doors, patio doors and windows) provided in the front and rear facades of the building.
  • each alignment of main beams 7 is advantageously located vertical to an alignment of interior partitions. As these main beams 7 descend relatively low, the height of these interior partitions can be reduced accordingly, which provides ease and economy. In addition, these main beams 7 act as lintels or transoms for the open doors or openings provided in these interior partitions.
  • the transverse beams 8 have a small space downwards. Therefore, it is generally not necessary to hide these transverse beams 8 by false ceilings.
  • false ceilings 12 may however be installed, preferably substantially at the level of the underside of the transverse beams 8. Such false ceilings 12 make it possible in particular to hide conduits passing through the space between the ceiling and the false ceiling 12.
  • the distance between the ceiling and false ceiling 12 is quite small, but only electric cables and pipes of fairly small section must pass through this space. Larger cross-sections, such as air ducts and downspouts from .C. can, in fact, be housed in the vertical sheaths formed in the corners of the wings of the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • the arrangement of the beams 7, 8 in the framework makes it possible to reduce the total height of the building. Furthermore, as the floor elements 9 rest on the main beams 7 located along the facade, provision can be made for horizontal cells to be formed, perpendicular to the facade, in these floor elements 9. In these cells can be mounted beams supporting cantilevered balconies or bow windows.

Abstract

The invention concerns a building framework comprising posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) with L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped transverse cross-section, depending on whether they serve as support for two, three or four beam (7, 8) ends. Principal beams (7) aligned mutually parallel and transverse beams (8) arranged transversely to said alignments are supported at each of their ends by a post (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) wing and are horizontally oriented along the direction of said wings. The transverse beam (8) lower surface is at an intermediate level between the principal beam (7) lower and upper surfaces. The beams (7, 8) and the posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) are linked by assembling means at each framework node, thereby ensuring the continuity of the abutted beams and superposed posts, in view of the compression-tension loads. The flooring elements (2) are supported by the principal beams (7).

Description

Ossature de bâtiment. Building frame.
La présente invention concerne une ossature de bâtiment formée par l'assemblage sur chantier d'éléments préfabriqués en béton armé.The present invention relates to a building frame formed by the assembly on site of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements.
On connaît par EP-A-0 012 736 une unité de construction en acier, préfabriquée en usine, en substance en forme de prisme droit (généralement un parallélépipède rectangle) . Chaque unité de construction comporte un élément de plancher et un élément de plafond consistant chacun en un caisson ouvert vers le bas, formé d'un cadre et d'une paroi horizontale raccordée au bord supérieur du cadre. Les éléments de plancher et de plafond sont reliés entre eux au moyen de montants ayant une section en forme de V. Les cadres et les montants, réalisés à partir de larges plats d'acier, sont assemblés entre eux par boulonnage. Les bâtiments sont alors réalisés par juxtaposition et superposition de telles unités de construction.EP-A-012 736 discloses a steel construction unit, prefabricated in the factory, essentially in the form of a straight prism (generally a rectangular parallelepiped). Each construction unit comprises a floor element and a ceiling element each consisting of a box open downwards, formed by a frame and a horizontal wall connected to the upper edge of the frame. The floor and ceiling elements are interconnected by means of uprights having a V-shaped section. The frames and the uprights, made from large steel plates, are joined together by bolting. The buildings are then produced by juxtaposition and superposition of such construction units.
Les ossatures de bâtiments décrites dans BE-A-884.971 ont, dans l'ensemble, une structure assez semblable à celles réalisées suivant EP-A-0 012 736, mais elles sont réalisées au moyen d'éléments préfabriqués en béton armé.The frameworks of buildings described in BE-A-884,971 have, on the whole, a structure quite similar to those produced according to EP-A-0 012 736, but they are produced by means of prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete.
Les techniques décrites dans EP-A-0 012 736 et BE-A-884.971 présentent plusieurs caractéristiques intéressantes et avantageuses. Parmi ces caractéristiques il y a notamment la facilité de l'installation de gaines techniques. En effet, des ouvertures sont ménagées dans les parois horizontales inférieure et supérieure (plancher et plafond) , dans les angles formés par les montants en V. Les espaces délimités par les ailes du "V" des montants et fermés par des panneaux s 'appliquant sur les extrémités des ailes des montants forment ainsi des gaines techniques verticales dites "gaines d'encoignure" et permettent l'installation, l'inspection et la modification aisées des canalisations techniques verticales. Les ossatures de bâtiments réalisées suivant ces techniques connues présentent cependant certains inconvénients qui limitent quelquefois leur utilisation.The techniques described in EP-A-0 012 736 and BE-A-884.971 have several interesting and advantageous characteristics. Among these characteristics there is in particular the ease of installing technical ducts. In fact, openings are provided in the lower and upper horizontal walls (floor and ceiling), in the angles formed by the V-shaped uprights. The spaces delimited by the wings of the "V" of the uprights and closed by panels applying on the ends of the wings of the uprights thus form vertical technical sheaths called "corner sheaths" and allow the installation, inspection and easy modification of vertical technical pipes. The frameworks of buildings produced according to these known techniques however have certain drawbacks which sometimes limit their use.
C'est ainsi notamment qu'une ossature selon EP-A-0 012 736 est, comme toute ossature métallique, difficile à protéger contre le feu. Une ossature métallique risque, en effet, de se déformer en cas d'incendie et d'ainsi mettre en péril la stabilité du bâtiment.Thus, in particular, a frame according to EP-A-0 012 736 is, like any metal frame, difficult to protect against fire. A metal frame risks, in fact, being deformed in the event of a fire and thus jeopardizing the stability of the building.
Les ossatures de bâtiments selon BE-A-884.971 offrent évidemment une bonne résistance au feu, mais présentent toutefois quelques inconvénients. En effet, les parois horizontales de ces ossatures sont formées de caissons monolithiques en béton armé. Comme les dimensions de ces parois sont de préférence assez grandes, ces caissons sont lourds et encombrants et leur transport peut dès lors poser des problèmes, du moins dans certains pays ou régions. En outre, l'épaisseur des ailes des montants en V et l'épaisseur des poutres qui forment le cadre desdits caissons est nécessairement plus grande que ce que permet la construction en acier. Ceci réduit gravement, dès lors la section des gaines d'encoignures pouvant être réalisées dans les angles formés par les ailes des montants. La section de ces gaines d'encoignure peut de ce fait être insuffisante pour qu'on y fasse passer, par exemple, une ou plusieurs canalisations de diamètre relativement grand, telles que des chutes de W.C.The frameworks of buildings according to BE-A-884.971 obviously offer good fire resistance, but nevertheless have some drawbacks. Indeed, the horizontal walls of these frames are formed of monolithic reinforced concrete boxes. As the dimensions of these walls are preferably quite large, these boxes are heavy and bulky and their transport can therefore pose problems, at least in certain countries or regions. In addition, the thickness of the wings of the V-shaped uprights and the thickness of the beams which form the framework of said boxes is necessarily greater than what is possible with steel construction. This seriously reduces, therefore the section of corner sheaths that can be made in the angles formed by the wings of the uprights. The section of these corner sheaths may therefore be insufficient for passing there, for example, one or more pipes of relatively large diameter, such as falls from W.C.
Parmi les autres inconvénients des ossatures réalisées selon ces techniques connues, on peut encore citer la difficulté de réaliser un contreventement satisfaisant. La présente invention a pour but de fournir une ossature de bâtiment construite par l'assemblage sur chantier d'éléments préfabriqués en béton armé peu diversifiés, de formes simples et faciles à fabriquer en série. Par rapport aux techniques antérieures citées ci-dessus, l'invention vise notamment à fournir une technique de réalisation d'ossatures de bâtiments qui procure une plus grande flexibilité architecturale et qui permet notamment d'augmenter la distance entre les poteaux et de réduire le nombre de poteaux et de poutres formant l'ossature, tout en utilisant des éléments préfabriqués qui sont plus faciles à transporter et manutentionner. L'invention a également pour but de fournir une telle ossature de bâtiment dans laquelle il est aisé de réaliser, à proximité des poteaux de l'ossature, des gaines techniques verticales passant par les étages successifs du bâtiment en longeant ces poteaux. Un autre but de l'invention est de fournir une telle ossature donnant au bâtiment une très bonne stabilité, sans contreventements additionnels, grâce à la raideur des noeuds de l'ossature.Among the other drawbacks of frameworks produced according to these known techniques, one can also cite the difficulty of achieving satisfactory bracing. The object of the present invention is to provide a building framework constructed by assembling on the site prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete which are not very diversified, of simple shapes and easy to mass produce. Compared with the prior techniques cited above, the invention aims in particular to provide a technique for producing frameworks for buildings which provides greater architectural flexibility and which in particular makes it possible to increase the distance between the posts and to reduce the number of posts and beams forming the framework, while using prefabricated elements which are easier to transport and handle. The invention also aims to provide such a building frame in which it is easy to produce, near the posts of the frame, vertical technical ducts passing through the successive floors of the building along these posts. Another object of the invention is to provide such a frame giving the building very good stability, without additional bracing, thanks to the stiffness of the nodes of the frame.
La présente invention a pour objet une ossature de bâtiment à étages, formée par l'assemblage sur chantier d'éléments préfabriqués en béton armé, comprenant des poteaux, des poutres dont les extrémités prennent appui sur les poteaux et des éléments de plancher prenant appui sur des poutres, les poteaux situés aux étages successifs étant disposés à la verticale les uns des autres.The present invention relates to a two-storey building frame, formed by the assembly on site of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, comprising posts, beams whose ends bear on the posts and floor elements resting on beams, the posts located on successive floors being arranged vertically from one another.
Dans cette ossature, les poteaux ont une section transversale en substance en forme de L, en forme de T ou en forme de croix et ont donc, respectivement, deux, trois ou quatre ailes, suivant qu'ils servent d'appui, respectivement, à deux, à trois ou à quatre extrémités de poutres .In this framework, the posts have a cross-section which is substantially L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped and therefore have, respectively, two, three or four wings, depending on whether they serve as support, respectively, with two, three or four ends of beams.
Les poutres de l'ossature comportent des poutres principales disposées, à chaque niveau du bâtiment, suivant des alignements parallèles entre eux, et des poutres transversales disposées, à chaque niveau du bâtiment, transversalement entre les alignements de poutres principales .The beams of the framework comprise main beams arranged, at each level of the building, in parallel alignments with one another, and transverse beams arranged, at each level of the building, transversely between the alignments of main beams.
Les poutres principales et les poutres transversales prennent appui par chacune de leurs extrémités sur une aile de poteau et sont horizontalement orientées suivant la direction de ces ailes. La disposition et les dimensions des poutres qui prennent appui sur les poteaux d'un même niveau du bâtiment sont telles que la face inférieure des poutres transversales se trouve à un niveau intermédiaire entre la face inférieure et la face supérieure des poutres principales. Des moyens d'assemblage relient rigidement entre eux les poutres et les poteaux se rejoignant en chaque noeud de l'ossature, cette liaison étant telle qu'elle assure la continuité tant des poutres aboutées que des poteaux superposés, pour les efforts de traction et de compression.The main beams and the transverse beams are supported by each of their ends on a post wing and are horizontally oriented in the direction of these wings. The layout and dimensions of the beams which bear on the posts of the same level of the building are such that the underside of the transverse beams is at an intermediate level between the underside and the upper face of the main beams. Assembly means rigidly connect the beams and the posts to each other joining at each node of the frame, this connection being such that it ensures continuity both of the butted beams and of the superimposed posts, for the tensile and compression.
Les éléments de plancher prennent appui sur les poutres principales. Des ouvertures sont ménagées dans les éléments de plancher, près d'au moins certains poteaux dans les angles formés par les ailes de ces poteaux, permettant ainsi la réalisation de gaines techniques verticales passant d'étage en étage, dans les encoignures formées par ces ailes .The floor elements are supported on the main beams. Openings are made in the floor elements, near at least some posts in the angles formed by the wings of these posts, thus allowing the realization of vertical technical sheaths passing from floor to floor, in the corners formed by these wings .
En général, l'ossature de bâtiment suivant l'invention se présente, en plan, comme un canevas à maillage rectangulaire formé de plusieurs lignes droites parallèles entre elles, coupées perpendiculairement par d'autres lignes parallèles entre elles. Les poteaux sont situés aux intersections de ces lignes, les poutres et les ailes des poteaux étant disposées suivant les lignes de ce maillage.In general, the building frame according to the invention is presented, in plan, like a rectangular mesh canvas formed by several straight lines parallel to each other, cut perpendicularly by other lines parallel to each other. The posts are located at the intersections of these lines, the beams and the wings of the posts being arranged along the lines of this mesh.
Un rectangle de ce maillage peut éventuellement être couvert complètement par un élément de plancher. En général, un rectangle de maillage est cependant couvert par deux ou plusieurs éléments de plancher juxtaposés, de manière à éviter l'utilisation d'éléments de plancher dont la fabrication, le transport et la manutention seraient désavantageux ou difficiles à cause de leurs dimensions.A rectangle of this mesh can possibly be completely covered by a floor element. In general, a mesh rectangle is however covered by two or more juxtaposed floor elements, so as to avoid the use of floor elements whose manufacture, transport and handling would be disadvantageous or difficult because of their dimensions.
On pourrait éventuellement réaliser des ossatures pour lesquelles ce maillage ne serait pas rectangulaire (mais oblique) . Cela compliquerait cependant quelque peu la préfabrication des éléments de l'ossature. Suivant une forme d'exécution particulière, la disposition et les dimensions des poutres qui prennent appui sur les poteaux d'un même niveau du bâtiment sont telles que la face supérieure des poutres transversales est située à un niveau plus haut que la face supérieure des poutres principales, la disposition et les dimensions des poutres (principales et transversales) et des éléments de plancher étant telles que la face supérieure des éléments de plancher est située sensiblement au même niveau que la face supérieure des poutres transversales .We could possibly make frames for which this mesh would not be rectangular (but oblique). This would however somewhat complicate the prefabrication of the frame elements. According to a particular embodiment, the arrangement and dimensions of the beams which bear on the posts of the same level of the building are such that the upper face of the transverse beams is located at a level higher than the upper face of the beams main, the arrangement and dimensions of the beams (main and transverse) and of the floor elements being such that the upper face of the floor elements is situated substantially at the same level as the upper face of the transverse beams.
Suivant une forme d'exécution avantageuse, la hauteur des poutres principales est plus grande que la hauteur des poutres transversales .According to an advantageous embodiment, the height of the main beams is greater than the height of the transverse beams.
Suivant une forme d'exécution particulière, une ou plusieurs des ailes des poteaux présentent près du croisement des ailes, une zone de plus faible épaisseur que celle du reste de ces ailes. Cette configuration particulière des poteaux présente certains avantages qui seront décrits avec le commentaire des dessins annexés . La liaison rigide des poutres et des poteaux en chaque noeud de l'ossature peut être obtenue suivant plusieurs modes de réalisation.According to a particular embodiment, one or more of the wings of the posts have, near the crossing of the wings, an area of thinner thickness than that of the rest of these wings. This particular configuration of the posts has certain advantages which will be described with the commentary on the appended drawings. The rigid connection of the beams and columns at each node of the frame can be obtained according to several embodiments.
Suivant un premier mode de réalisation, chaque extrémité de poutre aboutissant à un noeud de l'ossature prend appui directement sur une aile de poteau. L'extrémité supérieure de chaque poteau est conformée de telle manière que la face supérieure de chaque aile de poteau qui supporte l'extrémité d'une poutre transversale est située au-dessus du niveau de la face supérieure de chaque aile de poteau qui supporte l'extrémité d'une poutre principale. Les poutres principales et les poutres transversales comportent, lors de leurs préfabrication et de leur mise en place dans l'ossature, une partie d'armature "en attente", non noyée dans le béton, à chacune de leurs extrémités. Ces parties d'armature en attente des extrémités de poutres qui se rejoignent en chaque noeud de l'ossature sont solidarisées entre elles par une coulée de béton dans l'espace compris entre les extrémités des poutres, assurant ainsi la jonction rigide des poutres entre elles. L'extrémité inférieure de chaque poteau supérieur d'un noeud d'ossature est conformée de telle manière qu'il prend appui par chacune de ses ailes sur la face supérieure d'un tronçon d'extrémité d'une poutre aboutissant à ce noeud. On comprendra, en particulier, que lorsque la face supérieure des poutres horizontales aboutissant à un noeud est située à un niveau plus haut que la face supérieure des poutres principales, la face inférieure de chaque aile de poteau qui prend appui sur une poutre transversale est, de manière analogue, située au-dessus du niveau de la face inférieure de chaque aile qui prend appui sur une poutre principale. On remarquera qu'avec ce mode de réalisation, des parties de poutres sont intercalées entre la face supérieure du poteau inférieur et la face inférieure du poteau supérieur. Les poteaux superposés en chaque noeud de l'ossature, ainsi que les poutres aboutissant à ce même noeud sont raccordés entre eux au moyen de barres de connexion verticales qui sont contenues dans la partie inférieure du poteau supérieur, qui passent par des trous ménagés aux endroits appropriés dans les poutres et qui sont contenues dans la partie supérieure du poteau inférieur. Ces barres de connexion sont scellées dans ces poteaux et dans ces trous verticaux.According to a first embodiment, each end of the beam terminating in a node of the frame bears directly on a post wing. The upper end of each post is shaped in such a way that the upper face of each post wing which supports the end of a transverse beam is situated above the level of the upper face of each post wing which supports the end of a main beam. The main beams and the transverse beams comprise, during their prefabrication and their installation in the framework, a part of reinforcement "on standby", not embedded in the concrete, at each of their ends. These reinforcement parts awaiting the ends of beams which meet at each node of the framework are secured between them by a concrete pour in the space between the ends of the beams, thus ensuring the rigid junction of the beams between them. The lower end of each upper post of a frame node is shaped so that it bears by each of its wings on the upper face of an end section of a beam leading to this node. It will be understood, in particular, that when the upper face of the horizontal beams leading to a knot is situated at a level higher than the upper face of the main beams, the lower face of each post wing which rests on a transverse beam is, similarly, located above the level of the underside of each wing which rests on a main beam. It will be noted that with this embodiment, parts of beams are interposed between the upper face of the lower post and the lower face of the upper post. The posts superimposed on each node of the frame, as well as the beams leading to this same node are connected to each other by means of vertical connection bars which are contained in the lower part of the upper post, which pass through holes made in the places appropriate in the beams and which are contained in the upper part of the lower post. These connection bars are sealed in these posts and in these vertical holes.
Suivant un autre mode de réalisation, les moyens d'assemblage qui relient rigidement entre eux les poutres et les poteaux en chaque noeud de l'ossature comportent des plaques métalliques qui prolongent les poutres et les poteaux en béton armé à chacune de leurs extrémités. Chaque extrémité de poutre est prolongée par une plaque métallique verticale qui est solidarisée avec l'armature métallique noyée dans le béton de cette poutre et qui est orientée en substance suivant l'axe de la poutre. Chaque extrémité de poteau est prolongée, à chacune de ses ailes, par une plaque métallique verticale qui est solidarisée avec l'armature métallique noyée dans le béton dudit poteau et qui est orientée en substance dans un plan qui comprend l'axe du poteau et l'axe de l'aile qui la porte. Toutes ces plaques métalliques sont telles que, à chaque noeud de l'ossature, les plaques portées par les extrémités de poutres aboutissant à ce noeud, peuvent être fixées chacune, par boulonnage, à une plaque portée par l'extrémité supérieure du poteau qui porte ces poutres et à une plaque portée par l'extrémité inférieure du poteau placé immédiatement au- dessus.According to another embodiment, the assembly means which rigidly connect the beams and the columns together at each node of the frame comprise metal plates which extend the beams and the reinforced concrete columns at each of their ends. Each end of the beam is extended by a vertical metal plate which is secured to the metal frame embedded in the concrete of this beam and which is oriented in substance along the axis of the beam. Each post end is extended, at each of its wings, by a vertical metal plate which is secured to the frame metallic embedded in the concrete of said post and which is oriented substantially in a plane which includes the axis of the pole and the axis of the wing which carries it. All these metal plates are such that, at each node of the framework, the plates carried by the ends of beams leading to this node, can each be fixed, by bolting, to a plate carried by the upper end of the post which carries these beams and to a plate carried by the lower end of the post placed immediately above.
La solidarisation des plaques métalliques avec l'ossature métallique des poutres qui les portent peut être obtenue suivant plusieurs variantes de réalisation.The joining of the metal plates with the metal frame of the beams which carry them can be obtained according to several alternative embodiments.
Suivant une variante de réalisation, la plaque métallique verticale qui prolonge chaque extrémité de poutre est solidarisée par soudage avec l'armature métallique de cette poutre, une portion de cette armature étant soudée à une portion d'une plaque métallique, cette portion étant noyée dans le béton de ladite poutre. Suivant une autre variante de réalisation, ladite plaque métallique verticale qui prolonge chaque extrémité de poutre est solidarisée avec l'armature métallique de cette poutre par soudage à un sabot constitué d'une plaque métallique elle-même soudée à l'extrémité de l'armature, perpendiculairement à l'axe de la poutre. Ce sabot est donc en applique contre l'extrémité en béton de la poutre.According to an alternative embodiment, the vertical metal plate which extends each end of the beam is secured by welding with the metal frame of this beam, a portion of this frame being welded to a portion of a metal plate, this portion being embedded in the concrete of said beam. According to another alternative embodiment, said vertical metal plate which extends each end of the beam is secured to the metal frame of this beam by welding to a shoe constituted by a metal plate itself welded to the end of the frame. , perpendicular to the axis of the beam. This shoe is therefore applied against the concrete end of the beam.
La solidarisation des plaques métalliques avec l'armature métallique des poteaux qui les portent peut être obtenue de manière analogue à ce qui est exposé ci-dessus concernant les poutres.The joining of the metal plates with the metal frame of the posts which carry them can be obtained in a similar manner to that which is explained above concerning the beams.
Suivant une variante de réalisation, chacune des plaques métalliques verticales qui prolongent chaque extrémité de poteau est solidarisée par soudage avec l'armature métallique de ce poteau, une portion de cette armature étant soudée à une portion d'une plaque métallique, cette portion soudée étant noyée dans le béton du poteau. Suivant une autre variante de réalisation, les plaques métalliques verticales qui prolongent chaque extrémité de poteau sont solidarisées avec l'armature métallique de ce poteau par soudage à un sabot constitué d'une plaque métallique horizontale elle-même soudée à l'extrémité de l'armature, perpendiculairement à l'axe du poteau. Ce sabot est donc en applique contre l'extrémité en béton du poteau.According to an alternative embodiment, each of the vertical metal plates which extend each end of the post is joined by welding to the metal frame of this post, a portion of this frame being welded to a portion of a metal plate, this welded portion being embedded in the concrete of the post. According to another alternative embodiment, the vertical metal plates which extend each end of the pole are secured to the metal frame of this pole by welding to a shoe consisting of a horizontal metal plate itself welded to the end of the reinforcement, perpendicular to the axis of the post. This shoe is therefore applied against the concrete end of the post.
Pour le raccordement des éléments d'ossature entre eux au moyen de barres de connexion, il est généralement fait usage d'une matière de scellement qui peut consister en du mortier sans retrait. On peut cependant utiliser d'autres matières de scellement inorganiques ou organiques (comme, par exemple, des matières de scellement à base de résines polymérisables thermorésistantes) .For the connection of the framework elements to each other by means of connection bars, use is generally made of a sealing material which may consist of mortar without shrinkage. However, other inorganic or organic sealants can be used (such as, for example, sealants based on heat-resistant polymerizable resins).
L'invention a également pour objet un bâtiment à étages qui comporte une ossature telle que définie ci-dessus .The subject of the invention is also a two-storey building which comprises a framework as defined above.
D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après à titre non limitatif d'exemples de réalisation, référence étant faite aux dessins annexés dans lesquels: la Fig. 1 est une vue en perspective cavalière, avec arrachement partiel, d'une partie d'ossature de bâtiment, suivant un premier exemple de réalisation, vue obliquement par au-dessus,- la Fig. 2 est une vue schématique en plan de la partie d'ossature montrée à la Fig. 1; les Figs . 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe verticale, respectivement suivant les lignes III-III et IV- IV de la Fig. 2, montrant à échelle agrandie des détails de la structure; la Fig. 5 est une vue en perspective cavalière, à plus grande échelle, avec arrachements et en éclaté, montrant les extrémités des poutres et des poteaux à section en forme de croix qui peuvent être assemblés en un noeud d'ossature, ces éléments étant vus obliquement par au-dessus ,- les Figs . 6, 7, 8 et 9 sont des vues analogues à la Fig. 5, montrant les phases successives de la réalisation du noeud d'ossature,- la Fig. 9 montre en outre des éléments de plancher (montrés avec arrachements) reposant sur les poutres principales; la Fig. 10 est une vue du même noeud d'ossature que celui qui est montré à la Fig. 9, mais montré obliquement par dessous,- sur cette Fig. 10 sont montrés, en outre, des éléments de dalle flottante (montrés avec arrachements) reposant sur les élément de plancher,- les Figs. 11 et 12 sont des vues analogues aux Figs. 5 et 8, mais montrent un noeud d'ossature à la jonction de deux poutres principales, d'une poutre transversale et de deux poteaux à section en forme de T; les Figs. 13 et 14 sont des vues analogues aux Figs. 11 et 12, mais montrent un noeud d'ossature à la jonction d'une poutre principale, de deux poutres transversales et de deux poteaux à section en forme de T; les Figs. 15 et 16 sont des vues analogues aux Figs. 13 et 14 mais montrent un noeud d'ossature à la jonction d'une poutre principale, d'une poutre transversale et de deux poteaux à section en forme de L; la Fig. 17 est une vue en plan, à plus grande échelle, montrant les extrémités de deux poutres principales et de deux poutres transversales qui se rejoignent en un noeud d'ossature tel que montré à la Fig. 7; cette Fig. 17 montre en particulier la forme et la disposition des armatures "en attente" portées par ces extrémités de poutres ,- la Fig. 18 est une vue analogue à la Fig. 8 mais montre une variante de réalisation de l'ossature,- la Fig. 19 est une vue en coupe verticale suivant la ligne XIX-XIX de la Fig. 18; les Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 et 27 sont des vues respectivement analogues aux Figs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15 et 16 mais montrent la réalisation des noeuds de l'ossature suivant l'invention, suivant un autre exemple de réalisation, les extrémités des poteaux et poutres se rejoignant en chaque noeud de l'ossature étant reliées entre elles, en assemblant entre elles, par boulonnage, des plaques métalliques portées par ces extrémités de poteaux et poutres; les Figs. 28, 29 et 30 sont des vues schématiques en plan (analogues à la Fig. 2) montrant trois autres exemples de parties d'ossatures suivant l'invention,- la Fig. 31 est une section suivant un plan horizontal d'un poteau à quatre ailes (section en forme de croix) ,- cette figure montre également des panneaux rapportés qui ferment les encoignures formées par les ailes du poteau, formant ainsi des gaines techniques verticales dans lesquelles passent des canalisations verticales; les Figs. 32 et 33 sont des sections analogues à la Fig. 31 mais illustrent des variantes d'exécution des poteaux.Other particularities and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description given below without implied limitation of exemplary embodiments, reference being made to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view, with partial cutaway, of a part of the building frame, according to a first embodiment, viewed obliquely from above, - FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the frame part shown in FIG. 1; Figs. 3 and 4 are views in vertical section, respectively along lines III-III and IV-IV of FIG. 2, showing enlarged details of the structure; Fig. 5 is a perspective view, on a larger scale, with cutaway and exploded view, showing the ends of the cross-section beams and posts which can be assembled in a knot of framework, these elements being seen obliquely from above, - Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are views similar to FIG. 5, showing the successive phases of the production of the framework node, - FIG. 9 further shows floor elements (shown with cutouts) resting on the main beams; Fig. 10 is a view of the same framework node as that shown in FIG. 9, but shown obliquely below, - in this FIG. 10 are shown, in addition, floating slab elements (shown with cutouts) resting on the floor elements, - Figs. 11 and 12 are views similar to FIGS. 5 and 8, but show a framework node at the junction of two main beams, a transverse beam and two posts with a T-shaped section; Figs. 13 and 14 are views similar to Figs. 11 and 12, but show a framework node at the junction of a main beam, two transverse beams and two posts with a T-shaped section; Figs. 15 and 16 are views similar to Figs. 13 and 14 but show a framework node at the junction of a main beam, a transverse beam and two columns with an L-shaped section; Fig. 17 is a plan view, on a larger scale, showing the ends of two main beams and two transverse beams which join in a framework node as shown in FIG. 7; this Fig. 17 shows in particular the shape and arrangement of the "waiting" reinforcements carried by these ends of beams, - FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 8 but shows an alternative embodiment of the framework, - FIG. 19 is a vertical sectional view along the line XIX-XIX of FIG. 18; Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 are views respectively similar to Figs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15 and 16 but show the realization of the nodes of the frame according to the invention, according to another example of embodiment, the ends of the posts and beams meeting at each node of the frame being connected together, by joining together, by bolting, metal plates carried by these ends of posts and beams; Figs. 28, 29 and 30 are schematic plan views (similar to FIG. 2) showing three other examples of frame parts according to the invention, - FIG. 31 is a section along a horizontal plane of a post with four wings (cross-shaped section), - this figure also shows attached panels which close the corners formed by the wings of the post, thus forming vertical technical sheaths in which pass vertical pipes; Figs. 32 and 33 are sections similar to FIG. 31 but illustrate alternative embodiments of the posts.
L'ossature de bâtiment 1 montrée aux Figs. 1 à 17 est composée de poteaux 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, de poutres principales 7, de poutres transversales 8 et d'éléments de plancher 9. Ces éléments en béton armé sont préfabriqués en usine, ce qui permet d'atteindre une grande précision pour ce qui concerne leurs dimensions.The framework of building 1 shown in Figs. 1 to 17 is made up of posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, main beams 7, transverse beams 8 and floor elements 9. These reinforced concrete elements are prefabricated in the factory, which makes it possible to reach great precision with regard to their dimensions.
Tels que montrés à la Fig. 1, les poteaux 2 et 3, situés aux angles du bâtiment ont une section transversale en forme de L, l'angle droit formé par les deux ailes de chaque poteau 2, 3 est tourné vers l'intérieur du bâtiment. Les autres poteaux 4, 5 situés le long du pourtour du bâtiment ont une section transversale en forme de T, l'aile de chaque poteau 4, 5 qui forme la branche inférieure du T étant dirigée vers l'intérieur du bâtiment. Les poteaux 6 qui sont éloignés du pourtour du bâtiment ont une section transversale en forme de croix. Comme le montre la Fig. 2, l'ossature de bâtiment 1 montrée à la Fig. 1 se présente en plan comme un canevas à maillage rectangulaire formé de trois lignes droites parallèles entre elles, coupées perpendiculairement par d'autres lignes droites parallèles entre elles. Les poteaux 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 sont situés aux intersections de ces lignes. Les poutres 7, 8 et les ailes des poteaux 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 sur lesquelles elles reposent sont disposées suivant les lignes de ce maillage. Les poutres 7 dites "poutres principales" sont disposées suivant lesdites trois lignes parallèles, les poutres 8, dites "poutres transversales" étant disposées suivant les lignes perpendiculaires à ces trois lignes.As shown in Fig. 1, the posts 2 and 3, located at the corners of the building have an L-shaped cross section, the right angle formed by the two wings of each post 2, 3 is turned towards the interior of the building. The other posts 4, 5 located along the periphery of the building have a T-shaped cross section, the wing of each post 4, 5 which forms the lower branch of the T being directed towards the interior of the building. The posts 6 which are distant from the periphery of the building have a cross section in the shape of a cross. As shown in Fig. 2, the building structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 appears in plan as a rectangular mesh canvas formed by three straight lines parallel to each other, cut perpendicularly by other straight lines parallel to each other. Posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are located at the intersections of these lines. The beams 7, 8 and the wings of the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 on which they rest are arranged along the lines of this mesh. The beams 7 called "main beams" are arranged along said three parallel lines, the beams 8, called "transverse beams" being arranged along the lines perpendicular to these three lines.
Les poutres principales 7 et transversales 8 prennent appui par chacune de leurs extrémités sur une aile de poteau. La largeur des poutres 7, 8 est de préférence égale à la largeur des ailes de poteau sur lesquelles elles reposent. La hauteur des poutres principales 7 est plus grande que celle des poutres transversales 8. On remarquera par ailleurs (voir en particulier les Figs. 3 à 16) que la disposition des poutres 7, 8 qui prennent appui sur les poteaux 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 d'un même niveau du bâtiment est telle que la face inférieure des poutres transversales 8 se trouve à un niveau intermédiaire entre la face inférieure et la face supérieure des poutres principales 7; de plus, la face supérieure de ces mêmes poutres transversales 8 est située à un niveau plus haut que la face supérieure des poutres principales 7.The main 7 and transverse 8 beams are supported by each of their ends on a post wing. The width of the beams 7, 8 is preferably equal to the width of the post wings on which they rest. The height of the main beams 7 is greater than that of the transverse beams 8. It will also be noted (see in particular Figs. 3 to 16) that the arrangement of the beams 7, 8 which bear on the posts 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6 of the same level of the building is such that the lower face of the transverse beams 8 is located at an intermediate level between the lower face and the upper face of the main beams 7; moreover, the upper face of these same transverse beams 8 is situated at a higher level than the upper face of the main beams 7.
Les poteaux 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 situés aux étages successifs sont disposés à la verticale les uns des autres. Les poteaux et poutres qui se rejoignent en chaque noeud de l'ossature 1 sont rigidement reliés entre eux par des moyens de solidarisation qui sont montrés aux Figs. 4 à 17.The posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 located on the successive stages are arranged vertically from one another. The posts and beams which meet at each node of the frame 1 are rigidly connected to each other by securing means which are shown in Figs. 4 to 17.
Les éléments de plancher 9 prennent appui par deux bords opposés sur des poutres principales 7. Ils sont juxtaposés de manière à former une dalle continue. Des ouvertures 10 sont ménagées dans les éléments de plancher 9, près des poteaux 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, dans les angles formés par les ailes de ces poteaux 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, permettant ainsi la réalisation de gaines techniques verticales passant d'étage en étage, dans les encoignures formées par ces ailes .The floor elements 9 are supported by two opposite edges on main beams 7. They are juxtaposed so as to form a continuous slab. Openings 10 are made in the floor elements 9, near the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, in the angles formed by the wings of these posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, thus making it possible to produce vertical technical ducts passing from floor to floor, in the corners formed by these wings.
Par ailleurs, des ouvertures 11 ménagées dans les poutres 7, 8 permettent le passage de canalisations horizontales dans le bâtiment. Ces canalisations horizontales pourront être masquées par des faux plafonds 12 situés sensiblement au niveau de la face inférieure des poutres transversales 8, comme on peut le voir à la Fig. 4.Furthermore, openings 11 formed in the beams 7, 8 allow the passage of horizontal pipes in the building. These horizontal pipes can be masked by false ceilings 12 located substantially at the level of the underside of the transverse beams 8, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
Les Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 montrent un noeud d'ossature à la jonction de deux poteaux 6 présentant une section en forme de croix et la manière dont les éléments qui se rejoignent en ce noeud sont raccordés entre eux.Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 show a framework node at the junction of two posts 6 having a cross-shaped section and the manner in which the elements which join at this node are connected together.
On peut notamment voir sur ces figures que les ailes du poteau 6 inférieur qui servent d'appui aux poutres transversales 8 comportent un prolongement 13 vers le haut par rapport au reste du poteau 6. Après la mise en place des poutres 7, 8 sur le sommet du poteau 6 inférieur, la face inférieure des poutres transversales 8 se trouve à un niveau intermédiaire entre la face inférieure et la face supérieure des poutres principales 7. Comme, en outre, la face supérieure de ces poutres transversales 8 se trouve à un niveau plus haut que la face supérieure des poutres principales 7, l'extrémité inférieure du poteau 6 supérieur est conformé en conséquence, les ailes du poteau 6 supérieur comportant un prolongement 14 vers le bas par rapport au reste du poteau 6, en sorte que chaque aile du poteau 6 supérieur prend appui sur une poutre principale 7 ou sur une poutre transversale 8.It can be seen in particular in these figures that the wings of the lower post 6 which serve as support for the transverse beams 8 have an extension 13 upwards relative to the rest of the post 6. After the installation of the beams 7, 8 on the top of the lower post 6, the lower face of the transverse beams 8 is at an intermediate level between the lower face and the upper face of the main beams 7. As, in addition, the upper face of these transverse beams 8 is at a level higher than the upper face of the main beams 7, the lower end of the upper post 6 is shaped accordingly, the wings of the upper post 6 having an extension 14 downward relative to the rest of the post 6, so that each wing of the upper post 6 rests on a main beam 7 or on a transverse beam 8.
Après la mise en place des extrémités de deux poutres principales 7 et de deux poutres transversales 8 sur le sommet d'un poteau 6 (comme montré à la Fig. 7) ces quatre poutres sont rigidement réunies entre elles. A cette fin, des armatures "en attente" dépassent du béton aux extrémités des poutres 7, 8. A chaque extrémité d'une poutre transversale 8, deux armatures 15 dépassent du béton, l'une dans la zone supérieure et l'autre dans la zone inférieure de la poutre 8; chacune de ces deux armatures 15 présente une forme d'étrier et est disposée suivant un plan légèrement en oblique par rapport à l'horizontale.After placing the ends of two main beams 7 and two transverse beams 8 on the top of a post 6 (as shown in Fig. 7) these four beams are rigidly joined together. To this end, "waiting" reinforcements protrude from the concrete at ends of the beams 7, 8. At each end of a transverse beam 8, two reinforcements 15 protrude from the concrete, one in the upper zone and the other in the lower zone of the beam 8; each of these two frames 15 has a stirrup shape and is arranged in a plane slightly oblique to the horizontal.
Les armatures "en attente" 16 portées par les extrémités des poutres principales 7 sont similaires aux armatures 15, mais comportent chacune une barre d'armature supplémentaire située entre les branches latérales de l'étrier; l'extrémité de cette barre d'armature supplémentaire est soudée à la barre transversale de cet étrier .The "waiting" reinforcements 16 carried by the ends of the main beams 7 are similar to the reinforcements 15, but each comprise an additional reinforcement bar situated between the lateral branches of the stirrup; the end of this additional rebar is welded to the crossbar of this stirrup.
La Fig. 17 montre, dans une vue en plan, la disposition des armatures 15 et 16 lorsque les extrémités de poutres 7, 8 sont mises en place sur le sommet d'un poteau 6. Pour permettre la mise en place correcte des poutres principales 7, il importe que les armatures 16 en attente portées par les deux poutres 7 puissent passer l'une au-dessus de l'autre. A cette fin, les armatures "en attente" portées par l'une des poutres principales 7 sont légèrement inclinées vers le haut, tandis que les armatures 16 "en attente" portées par l'autre poutre principale 7 sont légèrement inclinées vers le bas. Les mêmes dispositions sont évidemment prises pour les armatures 15 "en attente" portées par les extrémités des poutres transversales 8.Fig. 17 shows, in a plan view, the arrangement of the reinforcements 15 and 16 when the ends of beams 7, 8 are placed on the top of a post 6. To allow the correct positioning of the main beams 7, it It is important that the waiting armatures 16 carried by the two beams 7 can pass one above the other. To this end, the "waiting" reinforcements carried by one of the main beams 7 are slightly inclined upwards, while the "waiting" reinforcements 16 carried by the other main beam 7 are slightly inclined downwards. The same arrangements are obviously made for the “waiting” reinforcements 15 carried by the ends of the transverse beams 8.
Après la mise en place des extrémités de deux poutres principales 7 et de deux poutres transversales 8 sur le sommet d'un poteau 6, du béton est coulé dans l'espace compris entre les extrémités des poutres 7, 8 comme montré à la Fig. 8. Les armatures 15, 16 portées par les extrémités de ces poutres sont ainsi noyées dans le béton ce qui assure une liaison rigide des poutres 7, 8 entre elles. Cette liaison réalise notamment la continuité entre deux poutres 7, 8 aboutées dans un même alignement, tant pour les efforts de traction que de compression.After the ends of two main beams 7 and two transverse beams 8 have been placed on the top of a post 6, concrete is poured into the space between the ends of the beams 7, 8 as shown in FIG. 8. The reinforcements 15, 16 carried by the ends of these beams are thus embedded in the concrete which ensures a rigid connection of the beams 7, 8 between them. This connection provides in particular continuity between two beams 7, 8 butted in the same alignment, both for the forces of traction than compression.
Grâce au décalage de niveau entre la face inférieure des poutres principales 7 et la face inférieure des poutres transversales 8, et également entre le niveau de la face supérieure des poutres principales 7 et la face supérieure des poutres transversales 8, les armatures 15 inférieures des poutres transversales 8 se trouvent à un niveau intermédiaire entre les armatures 16 inférieures et supérieures des poutres principales 7 et bien espacées de ces armatures 16; les armatures 15 supérieures des poutres transversales 8 se trouvent, elles, au-dessus des armatures 16 supérieures des poutres principales 7 et bien espacées de ces armatures 16 supérieures .Thanks to the level offset between the lower face of the main beams 7 and the lower face of the transverse beams 8, and also between the level of the upper face of the main beams 7 and the upper face of the transverse beams 8, the lower reinforcements 15 of the beams transverse 8 are located at an intermediate level between the lower and upper frames 16 of the main beams 7 and well spaced from these frames 16; the upper frames 15 of the transverse beams 8 are themselves above the upper frames 16 of the main beams 7 and well spaced from these upper frames 16.
Après avoir solidarisé entre elles par une coulée de béton les poutres principales 7 et transversales 8 se rejoignant en chaque noeud de l'ossature, des éléments de plancher 9 sont mis en place comme montré à la Fig. 8. On notera que la disposition et les dimensions des poutres principales 7, des poutres transversales 8 et des éléments de plancher 9 sont telles que la face supérieure des éléments de plancher 9 est située sensiblement au même niveau que la face supérieure des poutres transversales 8.After having joined the main beams 7 and the transverse beams 8 joining them together at each node of the frame, by concrete pouring, floor elements 9 are put in place as shown in FIG. 8. Note that the arrangement and dimensions of the main beams 7, the transverse beams 8 and the floor elements 9 are such that the upper face of the floor elements 9 is located substantially at the same level as the upper face of the transverse beams 8 .
Après la mise en place des éléments de plancherAfter installing the floor elements
9, des barres de connexions 17 sont introduites dans des fourreaux verticaux 18 scellés dans la partie supérieure des ailes du poteau 6 inférieur en passant par des trous verticaux 19 ménagés aux endroits appropriés dans les poutres 7, 8.9, connection bars 17 are introduced into vertical sheaths 18 sealed in the upper part of the wings of the lower post 6 passing through vertical holes 19 made at the appropriate places in the beams 7, 8.
Le poteau 6 supérieur est alors mis en place en prenant soin de faire entrer la partie supérieure des barres de connexions 17 dans des fourreaux verticaux (non montrés aux Figures) scellés dans la partie inférieure des ailes du poteau 6 supérieur.The upper post 6 is then put in place, taking care to bring the upper part of the connection bars 17 into vertical sleeves (not shown in the Figures) sealed in the lower part of the wings of the upper post 6.
Les barres de connexions 17 sont scellées, de manière connue en soi, dans les trous 19 et dans les fourreaux contenus dans les extrémités des poteaux 6. Pour le scellement en place de ces barres de connexions 17 on peut faire usage de mortier fluide sans retrait ou d'autres matières de scellement appropriées telles que des résines polymérisables thermorésistantes. Grâce à cette liaison au moyen des barres de connexion 17, on assure la continuité entre les poteaux 6 superposés, tant pour les efforts de traction que de compression .The connection bars 17 are sealed, in a manner known per se, in the holes 19 and in the sleeves contained in the ends of the posts 6. For sealing in place of these connection bars 17 fluid mortar can be used without shrinkage or other suitable sealing materials such as heat-resistant polymerizable resins. Thanks to this connection by means of connection bars 17, there is continuity between the superposed posts 6, both for the tensile and compressive forces.
Après la mise en place des éléments de plancher 9 , on peut éventuellement poser sur les planchers ainsi réalisés, des dalles flottantes 20 (voir Figs. 3, 4, 10) . La fabrication et la mise en place de ces dalles flottantes 20 sont avantageusement réalisées suivant la technique décrite dans EP-A-0 750 709. Les Figs . 11 à 16 montrent la structure et la réalisation de noeuds d'ossature à la jonction de deux poteaux 4 ou 5 à section en forme de T ou à la jonction de deux poteaux 2 à section en forme de L . On comprendra aisément la structure et la réalisation de ces noeuds d'ossature par analogie avec ce qui est dit ci-dessus au sujet des noeuds d'ossature à la jonction de deux poteaux 6 à section en forme de croix.After the floor elements 9 have been put in place, floating floors 20 can optionally be placed on the floors thus produced (see Figs. 3, 4, 10). The manufacture and installation of these floating slabs 20 are advantageously carried out according to the technique described in EP-A-0 750 709. FIGS. 11 to 16 show the structure and the realization of framework nodes at the junction of two posts 4 or 5 with T-shaped section or at the junction of two posts 2 with L-shaped section. We can easily understand the structure and the realization of these framework nodes by analogy with what is said above about the framework nodes at the junction of two posts 6 with cross-shaped section.
Les Figs. 18 et 19 montrent une variante de réalisation d'ossatures similaires à celles montrées aux Figs. 1 à 17.Figs. 18 and 19 show an alternative embodiment of frameworks similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 to 17.
Suivant cette variante, la partie supérieure 21 de l'armature des poutres principales 7 est laissée "en attente" lors de la préfabrication de ces poutres. Lors de la mise en place des éléments de plancher 9, ceux-ci prennent appui par leurs bords sur la partie déjà bétonnée de ces poutres 7. Des barres d'armature additionnelles horizontales 22 sont mises en place perpendiculairement à la direction de la poutre 7 dans des ouvertures 23 ménagées dans les éléments de plancher 9. Du béton est ensuite coulé dans l'espace compris entre les éléments de plancher 9 se faisant face, noyant ainsi la partie supérieure 21 des armatures des poutres principales 7 et les barres d'armature additionnelles 22. De cette manière les éléments de plancher 9 sont rigidement réunis entre eux et à la poutre principale 7. En outre, la face supérieure de la poutre 7 ainsi réalisée est située plus haut (c'est-à-dire au niveau de la face supérieure des éléments de plancher 9) qu'avec la technique montrée aux Figs . 3 à 16. Pour une même hauteur totale de la poutre principale 7, sa face inférieure sera donc également située plus haut, ce qui réduit d'autant l'encombrement vers le bas de cette poutre 7.According to this variant, the upper part 21 of the frame of the main beams 7 is left "pending" during the prefabrication of these beams. During the installation of the floor elements 9, these bear by their edges on the already concreted part of these beams 7. Additional horizontal reinforcing bars 22 are placed perpendicular to the direction of the beam 7 in openings 23 formed in the floor elements 9. Concrete is then poured into the space between the floor elements 9 facing each other, thus drowning the upper part 21 of the reinforcements of the main beams 7 and the additional reinforcing bars 22. In this way the floor elements 9 are rigidly joined together and to the main beam 7. In addition, the upper face of the beam 7 thus produced is located higher (that is to say at the level of the upper face of the floor elements 9) than with the technique shown in FIGS. 3 to 16. For the same total height of the main beam 7, its lower face will therefore also be located higher, which correspondingly reduces the size downwards of this beam 7.
On remarquera que dans chaque noeud d'ossature montré aux Figs. 1 à 19, des extrémités de poutres 7, 8 sont intercalées entre la face supérieure de chaque poteau 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 inférieur et la face inférieure du poteau 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 supérieur correspondant.It will be noted that in each framework node shown in Figs. 1 to 19, ends of beams 7, 8 are interposed between the upper face of each post 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 lower and the lower face of the post 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 corresponding upper.
Les Figs. 20 à 27 montrent des noeuds d'ossature suivant l'invention, formés suivant un autre mode de réalisation.Figs. 20 to 27 show frame nodes according to the invention, formed according to another embodiment.
Les Figs. 20 à 23 montrent en particulier un noeud d'ossature à la jonction de deux poteaux 6 présentant une section en forme de croix et la manière dont les éléments qui se rejoignent en ce noeud sont raccordés entre eux suivant ce mode de réalisation.Figs. 20 to 23 show in particular a framework node at the junction of two posts 6 having a cross-shaped section and the manner in which the elements which join at this node are connected together according to this embodiment.
Dans ce cas, chaque extrémité de poutre principale 7 est prolongée par une plaque métallique verticale 24 qui est solidarisée avec l'armature métallique de cette poutre 7, en étant soudée à un sabot métallique 25 qui est lui-même soudé à l'extrémité de l'armature (non visible sur les figures), perpendiculairement à l'axe de la poutre 7. Ce sabot 25 est donc en applique contre l'extrémité en béton de la poutre 7.In this case, each end of the main beam 7 is extended by a vertical metal plate 24 which is secured to the metal frame of this beam 7, by being welded to a metal shoe 25 which is itself welded to the end of the reinforcement (not visible in the figures), perpendicular to the axis of the beam 7. This shoe 25 is therefore applied against the concrete end of the beam 7.
De manière analogue, chaque extrémité de poutre transversale 8 est prolongée par une plaque métallique verticale 26 qui est solidarisée avec l'armature métallique de cette poutre 8, en étant soudée à un sabot métallique 27 qui est lui-même soudé à l'extrémité de l'armature, perpendiculairement à l'axe de la poutre 8.Similarly, each end of transverse beam 8 is extended by a vertical metal plate 26 which is secured to the metal frame of this beam 8, by being welded to a metal shoe 27 which is itself welded to the end of the frame, perpendicular to the axis of the beam 8.
De manière analogue, chaque extrémité de poteau 6 est prolongée, à chacune de ses ailes, par une plaque métallique verticale 28 qui est solidarisée avec l'armature métallique de ce poteau 6, par soudage à un sabot métallique 29 qui est lui-même soudé à l'extrémité de l'armature, perpendiculairement à l'axe du poteau 6.Similarly, each end of pole 6 is extended, at each of its wings, by a vertical metal plate 28 which is secured to the metal frame of this pole 6, by welding to a metal shoe 29 which is itself welded at the end of the reinforcement, perpendicular to the axis of the post 6.
Chaque extrémité d'un poteau 6 est donc prolongée par quatre plaques métalliques verticales 28. Chacune de ces plaques 28 est orientée en substance dans un plan qui comprend l'axe du poteau 6 et l'axe de l'aile qui la porte.Each end of a post 6 is therefore extended by four vertical metal plates 28. Each of these plates 28 is oriented substantially in a plane which includes the axis of the pole 6 and the axis of the wing which carries it.
De manière similaire, chaque plaque métalliqueSimilarly, each metal plate
24, 26 qui prolonge une extrémité de poutre 7, 8, est orientée en substance suivant l'axe de la poutre 7, 8 qui la porte. Une telle plaque métallique 24, 26 n'est cependant pas disposée exactement suivant le plan vertical longitudinal médian de la poutre 7, 8 qui la porte, mais sa position est décalée latéralement d'une distance qui correspond à l'épaisseur d'une telle plaque métallique. Grâce à cette disposition, l'axe de chaque poutre 7, 8 sera dirigé exactement vers l'axe du poteau 6 qui la porte.24, 26 which extends one end of the beam 7, 8, is oriented substantially along the axis of the beam 7, 8 which carries it. However, such a metal plate 24, 26 is not placed exactly along the median longitudinal vertical plane of the beam 7, 8 which carries it, but its position is offset laterally by a distance which corresponds to the thickness of such a metal plate. Thanks to this arrangement, the axis of each beam 7, 8 will be directed exactly towards the axis of the post 6 which carries it.
Toutes ces plaques métalliques 24, 26, 28 sont percées de trous pour boulons 30. Les dimensions et la disposition de ces plaques 24, 26, 28 et la disposition des trous pour boulons 30 sont telles que les plaques 24, 26 portées par les extrémités des poutres 7, 8 peuvent être fixées chacune, par boulonnage, à une plaque 28 portée par l'extrémité supérieure du poteau 6 qui porte ces poutres et à une plaque 28 portée par l'extrémité inférieure du poteau 6 placé immédiatement au-dessus.All these metal plates 24, 26, 28 are pierced with holes for bolts 30. The dimensions and arrangement of these plates 24, 26, 28 and the arrangement of holes for bolts 30 are such that the plates 24, 26 carried by the ends beams 7, 8 can each be fixed, by bolting, to a plate 28 carried by the upper end of the post 6 which carries these beams and to a plate 28 carried by the lower end of the post 6 placed immediately above.
Lorsque le noeud d'ossature est ainsi formé, la face inférieure des poutres transversales 8 se trouve à un niveau intermédiaire entre la face inférieure et la face supérieure des poutres principales 7, et la face supérieure des poutres transversales 8 se trouve à un niveau au-dessus de la face supérieure des poutres principales 7. Après mise en place des éléments de plancher 9 sur les poutres principales 7, la face supérieure de ces éléments de plancher 9 est située sensiblement au même niveau que la face supérieure des poutres transversales 8. Les Figs. 24 à 27 montrent la structure et la réalisation de noeuds d'ossature à la jonction de deux poteaux 4 à section en forme de T ou à la jonction de deux poteaux 2 à section en forme de L . On comprendra aisément la structure et la réalisation de ces noeuds d'ossature par analogie avec ce qui est dit ci-dessus au sujet des noeuds d'ossature à la jonction de deux poteaux 6 à section en forme de croix, comme montré aux Figs. 20 à 23.When the framework node is thus formed, the lower face of the transverse beams 8 is at an intermediate level between the lower face and the upper face of the main beams 7, and the upper face of the transverse beams 8 is at a level at above the upper face of the main beams 7. After placing in place of the floor elements 9 on the main beams 7, the upper face of these floor elements 9 is situated substantially at the same level as the upper face of the transverse beams 8. FIGS. 24 to 27 show the structure and the realization of framework nodes at the junction of two posts 4 with T-shaped section or at the junction of two posts 2 with L-shaped section. We can easily understand the structure and the realization of these framework nodes by analogy with what is said above about the framework nodes at the junction of two posts 6 with cross-shaped section, as shown in Figs. 20 to 23.
Le mode de réalisation d'ossatures de bâtiments montré aux Figs. 20 à 27 offre de nombreux avantages et notamment les avantages bien connus qui sont dus à la facilité d'organisation de ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler le "chantier sec". On comprendra aussi aisément qu'avec une telle technique de construction, les travaux de modification ou d'agrandissement d'un bâtiment sont grandement facilités. II est également facile et très avantageux de pouvoir facilement démonter et réutiliser les éléments d'ossature des bâtiments que l'on souhaite démonter.The embodiment of building frames shown in Figs. 20 to 27 offers many advantages and in particular the well-known advantages which are due to the ease of organization of what is known as the "dry site". It will also be easily understood that with such a construction technique, the modification or enlargement of a building is greatly facilitated. It is also easy and very advantageous to be able to easily dismantle and reuse the framework elements of the buildings which it is desired to dismantle.
Les Figs. 28, 29 et 30 sont des vues schématiques en plan (analogues à la Fig. 2) montrant trois autres exemples de parties d'ossatures suivant l'invention.Figs. 28, 29 and 30 are schematic plan views (similar to FIG. 2) showing three other examples of frame parts according to the invention.
La Fig. 28 montre que deux parties de l'ossature d'un bâtiment peuvent être horizontalement décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre. Les alignements de poutres principales 7 d'une partie de l'ossature sont, en effet, horizontalement décalés par rapport aux alignements de poutres principales 7 de l'autre partie de l'ossature.Fig. 28 shows that two parts of the framework of a building can be horizontally offset with respect to each other. The alignments of main beams 7 of one part of the frame are, in fact, horizontally offset with respect to the alignments of main beams 7 of the other part of the frame.
On comprendra que, de manière similaire, on peut obtenir un décalage vertical de l'ossature d'une partie de bâtiment par rapport à l'autre. La Fig. 29 est une vue schématique en plan d'une partie de l'ossature d'un bâtiment (tel que, par exemple un immeuble de bureaux) dans lequel on a prévu deux couloirs parallèles entre eux. On remarquera que dans cette ossature, tous les poteaux sont des poteaux 4, 5 à section en forme de T, à l'exception de poteaux 2, 3 à section en forme de L aux angles du bâtiment (non montrés sur la Fig. 29) . Dans l'ossature montrée à la Fig. 29, l'utilisation de poteaux 4, 5 à section en forme de T à l'intérieur du bâtiment facilite la répartition des câbles et conduites provenant des gaines techniques verticales logées dans les encoignures des poteaux 4, 5, vers les locaux situés de part et d'autres des couloirs .It will be understood that, similarly, it is possible to obtain a vertical offset of the framework of one part of a building with respect to the other. Fig. 29 is a schematic plan view of part of the framework of a building (such as, for example a office building) in which two parallel corridors are provided between them. It will be noted that in this frame, all the posts are posts 4, 5 with T-shaped section, with the exception of posts 2, 3 with L-shaped section at the corners of the building (not shown in Fig. 29 ). In the framework shown in FIG. 29, the use of posts 4, 5 with a T-shaped section inside the building facilitates the distribution of the cables and pipes coming from the vertical technical sheaths housed in the corners of the posts 4, 5, to the premises situated on the and others from the corridors.
La Fig. 30 montre schématiquement les ossatures d'une série de maisons unifamiliales juxtaposées. On notera que dans ce cas tous les poteaux de l'ossature sont des poteaux 5 à section en forme de T et des poteaux 2, 3 à section en forme de L.Fig. 30 schematically shows the frameworks of a series of juxtaposed single-family houses. It will be noted that in this case all the posts of the framework are posts 5 with T-shaped section and posts 2, 3 with L-shaped section.
Les ossatures montrées schématiquement aux Figs. 2, 28, 29 et 30 ne sont évidemment que quelques exemples parmi les variantes multiples que permet la technique suivant l'invention.The frameworks shown schematically in Figs. 2, 28, 29 and 30 are obviously only a few examples among the multiple variants which the technique according to the invention allows.
Par la combinaison des différentes possibilités qu'offre cette technique, on peut construire des bâtiments extrêmement diversifiés tant pour ce qui concerne leur configuration intérieure que pour ce qui concerne la forme de leurs façades qui peuvent éventuellement présenter des angles saillants et rentrants.By combining the different possibilities offered by this technique, extremely diversified buildings can be constructed, both in terms of their interior configuration and in terms of the shape of their facades, which may have salient and re-entrant angles.
La Fig. 31 est une section, suivant un plan horizontal, d'un poteau 6 à quatre ailes. Dans les encoignures formées par les ailes de ce poteau 6, sont installées des gaines techniques verticales dans lesquelles passent des canalisations 31.Fig. 31 is a section, along a horizontal plane, of a post 6 with four wings. In the corners formed by the wings of this post 6, vertical technical sheaths are installed through which pipes 31 pass.
Une telle gaine technique peut être fermée par un panneau rapporté 32 qui raccorde en ligne droite deux ailes voisines du poteau 6. Un panneau rapporté 33 permet de fermer une gaine technique de plus grande section, tandis qu'un panneau rapporté 34 permet de fermer une gaine technique de plus petite section.Such a technical sheath can be closed by an attached panel 32 which connects in a straight line two adjacent wings of the post 6. An attached panel 33 makes it possible to close a technical sheath of larger section, while an attached panel 34 makes it possible to close a sheath smaller section technique.
La Fig. 32 est une section analogue à celle de la Fig. 31 mais montre une variante d'exécution d'un poteau à section en forme de croix. Deux des ailes du poteau 35 présentent près du croisement des ailes, une zone de plus faible épaisseur que celle du reste de ces ailes. Ceci permet notamment de former une gaine technique verticale pour des canalisations 36 de petit diamètre, comme par exemple certaines canalisations électriques . Une telle gaine technique de faible section peut être fermée par un panneau rapporté 37.Fig. 32 is a section similar to that of FIG. 31 but shows an alternative embodiment of a cross section post. Two of the wings of the post 35 have, near the crossing of the wings, a zone of thinner thickness than that of the rest of these wings. This makes it possible in particular to form a vertical technical sheath for small diameter pipes 36, such as for example certain electrical pipes. Such a small section technical sheath can be closed by an attached panel 37.
La Fig. 33 est une section analogue à celle des Figs. 31 et 32, mais montre un poteau 38 à section en forme de croix dont chacune des quatre ailes présente près du croisement des ailes, une section de plus faible épaisseur que celle du reste de cette aile.Fig. 33 is a section similar to that of FIGS. 31 and 32, but shows a pole 38 with cross-shaped section, each of the four wings having a cross section thinner near the crossing of the wings than that of the rest of this wing.
On remarquera que l'amincissement des ailes de poteau près du croisement des ailes permet également de réaliser des gaines techniques de plus grande section (qu'en l'absence de cet amincissement), lorsque ces gaines techniques sont fermées, par exemple, par des panneaux rapportés 32, 33 ou 34.It will be noted that the thinning of the post wings near the crossing of the wings also makes it possible to produce technical sheaths of larger section (than in the absence of this thinning), when these technical sheaths are closed, for example, by attached panels 32, 33 or 34.
Les Figs. 31 à 33 montrent des poteaux à section en forme de croix mais on comprendra que les variantes d'exécution montrées s'appliquent également, par analogie, aux poteaux à section en forme de L ou en forme de T.Figs. 31 to 33 show posts with cross-section, but it will be understood that the variants shown also apply, by analogy, to posts with L-shaped or T-shaped sections.
Les bâtiments comportant des ossatures suivant l'invention peuvent avoir les formes, dimensions et fonctions les plus variées. Plusieurs des avantages que procurent ces ossatures découlent non seulement de la forme particulière des poteaux 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 et de la rigidité des noeuds de l'ossature, mais également du décalage entre le niveau de la face inférieure des poutres principales 7 et le niveau de la face inférieure des poutres transversales 8.Buildings comprising frameworks according to the invention can have the most varied shapes, dimensions and functions. Many of the advantages of these frames come not only from the particular shape of the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and the stiffness of the nodes of the frame, but also from the difference between the level of the underside of the main beams 7 and the level of the underside of the transverse beams 8.
Les poutres principales 7 sont généralement alignées le long de la façade du bâtiment et parallèlement à cette façade.The main beams 7 are generally aligned along the facade of the building and parallel to this facade.
Comme la face inférieure des poutres principalesLike the underside of the main beams
7 est située à un niveau assez bas, ces poutres 7 peuvent former le linteau des baies (des portes, portes-fenêtres et fenêtres) prévues dans les façades avant et arrière du bâtiment .7 is located at a fairly low level, these beams 7 can form the lintel of the openings (doors, patio doors and windows) provided in the front and rear facades of the building.
A l'intérieur du bâtiment, chaque alignement de poutres principales 7 est avantageusement situé à la verticale d'un alignement de cloisons intérieures. Comme ces poutres principales 7 descendent relativement bas, la hauteur de ces cloisons intérieures peut être réduite en conséquence, ce qui procure une facilité et une économie. En outre, ces poutres principales 7 font fonction de linteaux ou impostes pour les portes ou baies ouvertes prévues dans ces cloisons intérieures .Inside the building, each alignment of main beams 7 is advantageously located vertical to an alignment of interior partitions. As these main beams 7 descend relatively low, the height of these interior partitions can be reduced accordingly, which provides ease and economy. In addition, these main beams 7 act as lintels or transoms for the open doors or openings provided in these interior partitions.
Les poutres transversales 8 ont un faible encombrement vers le bas. De ce fait, il n'est généralement pas nécessaire de masquer ces poutres transversales 8 par des faux plafonds.The transverse beams 8 have a small space downwards. Therefore, it is generally not necessary to hide these transverse beams 8 by false ceilings.
Là où on le souhaite, des faux plafonds 12 pourront cependant être installés, de préférence sensiblement au niveau de la face inférieure des poutres transversales 8. De tels faux plafonds 12 permettent notamment de masquer des conduites passant dans l'espace entre le plafond et le faux plafond 12. La distance entre le plafond et le faux plafond 12 est assez faible, mais seuls des câbles électriques et des conduites d'assez faible section doivent passer dans cet espace. Les conduites de plus grande section, tels que les conduites d'air et les descentes de .C. peuvent, en effet, être logées dans les gaines verticales formées dans les encoignures des ailes des poteaux 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.Where desired, false ceilings 12 may however be installed, preferably substantially at the level of the underside of the transverse beams 8. Such false ceilings 12 make it possible in particular to hide conduits passing through the space between the ceiling and the false ceiling 12. The distance between the ceiling and false ceiling 12 is quite small, but only electric cables and pipes of fairly small section must pass through this space. Larger cross-sections, such as air ducts and downspouts from .C. can, in fact, be housed in the vertical sheaths formed in the corners of the wings of the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Pour une hauteur sous plafond donnée, la disposition des poutres 7, 8 dans l'ossature permet de réduire la hauteur totale du bâtiment . Par ailleurs, comme des éléments de plancher 9 reposent sur les poutres principales 7 situées le long de la façade, on peut prévoir que des alvéoles horizontaux soient ménagés, perpendiculairement à la façade, dans ces éléments de plancher 9. Dans ces alvéoles peuvent être montées des poutres supportant en porte à faux des balcons ou des bow-windows. For a given ceiling height, the arrangement of the beams 7, 8 in the framework makes it possible to reduce the total height of the building. Furthermore, as the floor elements 9 rest on the main beams 7 located along the facade, provision can be made for horizontal cells to be formed, perpendicular to the facade, in these floor elements 9. In these cells can be mounted beams supporting cantilevered balconies or bow windows.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1.- Ossature de bâtiment à étages, formée par l'assemblage sur chantier d'éléments préfabriqués en béton armé, comprenant des poteaux, des poutres dont les extrémités prennent appui sur les poteaux et des éléments de plancher prenant appui sur des poutres, les poteaux situés aux étages successifs étant disposés à la verticale les uns des autres, caractérisée en ce que les poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5,1.- Multi-storey frame structure, formed by the assembly on site of prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete, comprising posts, beams whose ends are supported on the posts and floor elements supported on beams, posts located on the successive floors being arranged vertically from each other, characterized in that the posts (2, 3, 4, 5,
6) ont une section transversale en substance en forme de L, en forme de T ou en forme de croix et ont donc, respectivement, deux, trois ou quatre ailes, suivant qu'ils servent d'appui, respectivement, à deux, à trois ou à quatre extrémités de poutres, les poutres comportant des poutres principales (7) disposées, à chaque niveau du bâtiment, suivant des alignements parallèles entre eux, et des poutres transversales (8) disposées, à chaque niveau du bâtiment, transversalement entre les alignements des poutres principales (7) , les poutres principales (7) et les poutres transversales (8) prenant appui par chacune de leurs extrémités sur une aile de poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) et étant horizontalement orientées suivant la direction de ces ailes, la disposition et les dimensions des poutres (7, 8) qui prennent appui sur les poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) d'un même niveau du bâtiment étant telles que la face inférieure des poutres transversales (8) se trouve à un niveau intermédiaire entre la face inférieure et la face supérieure des poutres principales (7) , des moyens d'assemblage reliant rigidement entre eux les poutres (7, 8) et les poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) se rejoignant en chaque noeud de l'ossature (1) , cette liaison étant telle qu'elle assure la continuité tant des poutres6) have a cross-section which is substantially L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped and therefore have, respectively, two, three or four wings, depending on whether they serve as support, respectively, for two, for three or four ends of beams, the beams comprising main beams (7) arranged, at each level of the building, in parallel alignments with one another, and transverse beams (8) arranged, at each level of the building, transversely between the alignments of the main beams (7), the main beams (7) and the transverse beams (8) bearing at each of their ends on a post wing (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and being horizontally oriented along the direction of these wings, the arrangement and dimensions of the beams (7, 8) which bear on the posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of the same level of the building being such that the underside of the transverse beams (8) is at an intermediate level re between the lower face and the upper face of the main beams (7), assembly means rigidly connecting together the beams (7, 8) and the posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) meeting at each framework node (1), this connection being such that it ensures continuity for both the beams
(7, 8) aboutées que des poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) superposés pour les efforts de traction et de compression, les éléments de plancher (9) prenant appui sur les poutres principales (7), des ouvertures (10) étant ménagées dans les éléments de plancher (9), près d'au moins certains poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), dans les angles formés par les ailes de ces poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), permettant ainsi la réalisation de gaines techniques verticales passant d'étage en étage, dans les encoignures formées par ces ailes. (7, 8) abutting only superimposed posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) for tensile and compressive forces, the floor elements (9) resting on the main beams (7), openings (10) being formed in the floor elements (9), near at least some posts ( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), in the angles formed by the wings of these posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), thus making it possible to produce vertical technical ducts passing from floor to floor, in the corners formed by these wings.
2.- Ossature suivant la revendication l, caractérisée en ce que la disposition et les dimensions des poutres (7, 8) qui prennent appui sur les poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) d'un même niveau du bâtiment sont telles que la face supérieure des poutres transversales (8) est située à un niveau plus haut que la face supérieure des poutres principales (7), la disposition et les dimensions des poutres (7, 8) et des éléments de plancher (9) étant telles que la face supérieure des éléments de plancher (9) est située sensiblement au même niveau que la face supérieure des poutres transversales (8) .2.- Frame according to claim l, characterized in that the arrangement and dimensions of the beams (7, 8) which bear on the posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of the same level of the building are such that the upper face of the transverse beams (8) is located at a higher level than the upper face of the main beams (7), the arrangement and dimensions of the beams (7, 8) and of the floor elements (9) being such that the upper face of the floor elements (9) is situated substantially at the same level as the upper face of the transverse beams (8).
3.- Ossature suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la hauteur des poutres principales3.- Frame according to claim 2, characterized in that the height of the main beams
(7) est plus grande que la hauteur des poutres transversales (8) . 4.- Ossature suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'une ou plusieurs des ailes des poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) présentent près du croisement des ailes, une zone de plus faible épaisseur que celle du reste de ces ailes. 5.- Ossature suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que, en chaque noeud de l'ossature (1), chaque extrémité de poutre(7) is greater than the height of the transverse beams (8). 4.- Frame according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more of the wings of the posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) have near the crossing of the wings, a zone of thinner thickness than that of the rest of these wings. 5.- Frame according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in each node of the frame (1), each end of the beam
(7, 8) aboutissant à ce noeud prend appui directement sur une aile de poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), l'extrémité supérieure de chaque poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) étant conformée de telle manière que la face supérieure de chaque aile de poteau qui supporte l'extrémité d'une poutre transversale (8) est située au-dessus du niveau de la face supérieure de chaque aile de poteau qui supporte l'extrémité d'une poutre principale (7) , les poutres (7, 8) comportant, lors de leur préfabrication et de leur mise en place dans l'ossature (1) , une partie d'armature en attente (15, 16), non noyée dans le béton, à chacune de leurs extrémités, ces parties d'armature en attente (15, 16) des extrémités de poutres (7, 8) qui se rejoignent en chaque noeud de l'ossature (1) , étant solidarisées entre elles par une coulée de béton dans l'espace compris entre les extrémités des poutres (7, 8), assurant ainsi la jonction rigide des poutres (7, 8) entre elles , l'extrémité inférieure de chaque poteau supérieur(7, 8) leading to this knot is supported directly on a post wing (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), the upper end of each post (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) being shaped such that the top face of each post wing which supports the end of a transverse beam (8) is located above the level of the upper face of each post wing which supports the end of a main beam (7), the beams (7, 8) comprising , during their prefabrication and their installation in the frame (1), a waiting frame part (15, 16), not embedded in the concrete, at each of their ends, these frame parts in waiting (15, 16) of the ends of beams (7, 8) which meet at each node of the frame (1), being joined together by a concrete pour in the space between the ends of the beams (7 , 8), thus ensuring the rigid junction of the beams (7, 8) therebetween, the lower end of each upper post
(2, 3, 4, 5, 6) d'un noeud d'ossature étant conformé de telle manière qu'il prend appui par chacune de ses ailes sur la face supérieure d'un tronçon d'extrémité d'une poutre (7, 8) aboutissant à ce noeud, les poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) superposés en chaque noeud d'ossature, ainsi que les poutres (7, 8) aboutissant à ce même noeud, étant raccordés entre eux au moyen de barres de connexions (17) verticales, contenues dans la partie supérieure du poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) inférieur, passant par des trous verticaux (19) ménagés aux endroits appropriés dans les poutres (7, 8) , contenues dans la partie inférieure du poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) supérieur et scellées dans ces poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) et dans ces trous verticaux(2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of a framework node being shaped in such a way that it is supported by each of its wings on the upper face of an end section of a beam (7 , 8) ending at this node, the posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) superimposed on each frame node, as well as the beams (7, 8) ending at this same node, being connected together by means vertical connection bars (17), contained in the upper part of the lower post (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), passing through vertical holes (19) provided in the appropriate places in the beams (7, 8), contained in the lower part of the upper post (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and sealed in these posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and in these vertical holes
(19) . 6.- Ossature suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens d'assemblage comportent des plaques métalliques (24, 26, 28) qui prolongent les poutres (7, 8) et les poteaux (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) en béton armé, à chacune de leurs extrémités, chaque extrémité de poutre (7, 8) étant prolongée par une plaque métallique verticale (24, 26) qui est solidarisée avec l'armature métallique noyée dans la masse de béton de ladite poutre (7, 8) et qui est orientée en substance suivant l'axe de la poutre (7, 8) , chaque extrémité de poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) étant prolongée, à chacune de ses ailes, par une plaque métallique verticale (28) qui est solidarisée avec l'armature métallique noyée dans le béton dudit poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) et qui est orientée en substance dans un plan qui comprend l'axe du poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) et l'axe de l'aile qui la porte, toutes ces plaques métalliques (24, 26, 28) étant percées de trous (30) pour boulons, les dimensions et la disposition de ces plaques (24, 26, 28) étant telles que, à chaque noeud de l'ossature, les plaques (24, 26) portées par les extrémités de poutres (7, 8) aboutissant à ce noeud, peuvent être fixées chacune, par boulonnage, à une plaque(19). 6.- Frame according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said assembly means comprise metal plates (24, 26, 28) which extend the beams (7, 8) and the posts (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) in reinforced concrete, at each of their ends, each end of the beam (7, 8) being extended by a vertical metal plate (24, 26) which is secured to the metal frame embedded in the concrete mass of said beam (7, 8) and which is oriented in substance along the axis of the beam (7, 8), each end of the pole (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) being extended, at each of its wings, by a vertical metal plate (28) which is secured to the metal frame embedded in the concrete of said post (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and which is oriented in substance in a plane which includes the axis of the post (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and the axis of the wing which carries it, all these metal plates (24, 26, 28) being pierced with holes (30) for bolts, the dimensions and arrangement of these plates (24, 26, 28) being such that, at each node of the framework, the plates (24, 26) carried by the ends of beams (7, 8 ) leading to this knot, can each be fixed, by bolting, to a plate
(28) portée par l'extrémité supérieure du poteau (2, 3, (28) carried by the upper end of the post (2, 3,
4,4,
5, 6) qui porte ces poutres (7, 8) et à une plaque (28) portée par l'extrémité inférieure du poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6) which carries these beams (7, 8) and to a plate (28) carried by the lower end of the post (2, 3, 4, 5,
6) placé immédiatement au-dessus.6) placed immediately above.
7.- Ossature suivant la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la plaque métallique verticale (24, 26) qui prolonge chaque extrémité de poutre (7, 8) , est solidarisée par soudage avec l'armature métallique de cette poutre (7, 8), une portion de cette armature étant soudée à une portion d'une plaque métallique, cette portion soudée étant noyée dans le béton de ladite poutre (7, 8) .7.- Frame according to claim 6, characterized in that the vertical metal plate (24, 26) which extends each end of the beam (7, 8), is secured by welding with the metal frame of this beam (7, 8 ), a portion of this reinforcement being welded to a portion of a metal plate, this welded portion being embedded in the concrete of said beam (7, 8).
8.- Ossature suivant la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que ladite plaque métallique verticale (24, 26) qui prolonge chaque extrémité de poutre (7, 8) , est solidarisée avec l'armature métallique de cette poutre (7, 8), par soudage à un sabot (25, 27) constitué d'une plaque métallique soudée à l'extrémité de l'armature, perpendiculairement à l'axe de la poutre (7, 8) . 8. A framework according to claim 6, characterized in that said vertical metal plate (24, 26) which extends each end of the beam (7, 8), is secured to the metal frame of this beam (7, 8), by welding to a shoe (25, 27) consisting of a metal plate welded to the end of the frame, perpendicular to the axis of the beam (7, 8).
9.- Ossature suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisée en ce que chacune des plaques métalliques verticales (28) qui prolongent chaque extrémité de poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) , est solidarisée par soudage avec l'armature métallique de ce poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) , une portion de cette armature étant soudée à une portion d'une plaque métallique, cette portion soudée étant noyée dans le béton du poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) .9.- Frame according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that each of vertical metal plates (28) which extend each end of pole (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), is secured by welding with the metal frame of this pole (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), a portion of this reinforcement being welded to a portion of a metal plate, this welded portion being embedded in the concrete of the post (2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
10.- Ossature suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisée en ce que les plaques métalliques verticales (28) qui prolongent chaque extrémité de poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) sont solidarisées avec l'armature métallique de ce poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) par soudage à un sabot (29) constitué d'une plaque métallique horizontale soudée à l'extrémité de l'armature, perpendiculairement à l'axe du poteau (2, 3, 4, 5, 6). 10.- Frame according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the vertical metal plates (28) which extend each end of the post (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) are secured to the metal frame of this post (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) by welding to a shoe (29) consisting of a horizontal metal plate welded to the end of the frame, perpendicular to the axis of the post (2, 3 , 4, 5, 6).
11.- Bâtiment à étages, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une ossature suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes . 11.- Storey building, characterized in that it comprises a framework according to any one of the preceding claims.
PCT/BE1998/000051 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Building framework WO1998054418A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR9809696-6A BR9809696A (en) 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Building structure
SK1610-99A SK161099A3 (en) 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Building framework
JP50002399A JP2002500712A (en) 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Building frame
AU69123/98A AU6912398A (en) 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Building framework
PL98337161A PL337161A1 (en) 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Skeleton of a building
KR1019997010490A KR20010012535A (en) 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Building framework
EP98914716A EP0985071A1 (en) 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Building framework
CA002291591A CA2291591A1 (en) 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Building framework

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9700468 1997-05-29
BE9700468A BE1011185A5 (en) 1997-05-29 1997-05-29 Building frame.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998054418A1 true WO1998054418A1 (en) 1998-12-03

Family

ID=3890544

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/BE1998/000051 WO1998054418A1 (en) 1997-05-29 1998-04-09 Building framework

Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0985071A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002500712A (en)
KR (1) KR20010012535A (en)
CN (1) CN1258332A (en)
AU (1) AU6912398A (en)
BE (1) BE1011185A5 (en)
BR (1) BR9809696A (en)
CA (1) CA2291591A1 (en)
HU (1) HUP0003576A2 (en)
PL (1) PL337161A1 (en)
SK (1) SK161099A3 (en)
TR (1) TR199902906T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998054418A1 (en)
YU (1) YU61199A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001088293A1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2001-11-22 Rebuild World Rbw, S.A. Building framework
BE1015141A3 (en) 2002-10-14 2004-10-05 Rebuild World Rbw Sa Building frame.
RU2581179C1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-20 Сергей Александрович Худяков Connection assembly for construction reinforced concrete elements
CN109339087A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-02-15 贺州通号装配式建筑有限公司 A kind of foundation structure system of low-rise building
CN116025081A (en) * 2023-01-16 2023-04-28 上海市地震局 Frame combined structure of shear wall and heavy wood and manufacturing method thereof

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CN1796096B (en) * 2004-12-24 2011-09-21 财团法人工业技术研究院 Modular platform in high frequency in lightweight
JP4781687B2 (en) * 2005-02-15 2011-09-28 三井住友建設株式会社 Method of joining beam-column joint structure of building and beam-column joint structure of building
CN103122658B (en) * 2012-11-26 2015-05-06 北京工业大学 Industrial fabricated multi-story steel frame structure and construction method thereof
CN106270398B (en) * 2016-08-30 2018-11-06 共享铸钢有限公司 A kind of welding positioning method of turbine blade arbor holder
AU2017101799B4 (en) * 2017-09-23 2018-04-05 J & S Joyce Pty Ltd Improvements in Building Construction
CN111094673B (en) * 2018-05-30 2023-05-26 株式会社饭田产业 Building and building construction method thereof

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DE856216C (en) * 1943-08-24 1952-11-20 Karl Eugen Dipl-Ing Leibbrand Reinforced concrete skeleton construction
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001088293A1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2001-11-22 Rebuild World Rbw, S.A. Building framework
BE1015141A3 (en) 2002-10-14 2004-10-05 Rebuild World Rbw Sa Building frame.
RU2581179C1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-20 Сергей Александрович Худяков Connection assembly for construction reinforced concrete elements
CN109339087A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-02-15 贺州通号装配式建筑有限公司 A kind of foundation structure system of low-rise building
CN109339087B (en) * 2018-10-08 2023-10-27 贺州通号装配式建筑有限公司 Infrastructure system of low-rise building
CN116025081A (en) * 2023-01-16 2023-04-28 上海市地震局 Frame combined structure of shear wall and heavy wood and manufacturing method thereof

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JP2002500712A (en) 2002-01-08
PL337161A1 (en) 2000-07-31
BE1011185A5 (en) 1999-06-01
BR9809696A (en) 2000-10-03
HUP0003576A2 (en) 2001-02-28
AU6912398A (en) 1998-12-30
CA2291591A1 (en) 1998-12-03
CN1258332A (en) 2000-06-28
YU61199A (en) 2001-07-10
TR199902906T2 (en) 2000-02-21
SK161099A3 (en) 2000-06-12
EP0985071A1 (en) 2000-03-15
KR20010012535A (en) 2001-02-15

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