FR2584461A1 - Dismantleable three-dimensional modular assembly method intended for any type of construction - Google Patents

Abstract

Dismantleable modular three-dimensional assembly method. The invention relates to a method making it possible to construct, dismantle and reuse three-dimensional modules of post/beam structure and filling elements. It consists of posts POT and beams POU which are grooved, linking elements ELH, filling elements which are also grooved PA and wedges CL corresponding to the grooves. After mounting the post/beam framework with the aid of the linking elements, the wedges are slid into the grooves and slits reserved for this purpose on the various elements. They therefore ensure positioning, locking, fastening and rigidity of the constructive assembly. The method according to the invention is adapted in particular to producing dwellings, leisure buildings, kiosks, country fittings, urban furniture, construction games.

Description

DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a removable three-dimensional modular assembly method intended for any type of construction.

 The various usual construction methods use either elements of small dimensions linked together (glues, mortars, etc.); either of the materials cast in use (concrete, plastics, metals ...); either prefabricated element systems of medium or large dimensions.

 Among these latter processes, there are systems with load-bearing panels and post / beam systems with integrated filling after mounting the framework. Columns and beams provide the supporting structure for the construction. In this case, the integrated panels have only a filling role, possibly semi-load-bearing, and bracing.

 One of the delicate points to be dealt with concerns the implementation of these panels and more particularly their connection to the stud / beam framework.

 In all cases, the structure of the construction is assembled prior to filling. This is then placed and linked to the framework by different means - connections by mechanical parts (nailing, stapling, screwing, bolting); bond by interposition of a more or less elastic binder (glues, mortar); connection by welding or soldering. Most often several of these means are used simultaneously.

 The problems to be solved are mainly: reliability, speed, aesthetics and minimum cost of implementation.

All of these processes require
- either to mount the filling as the frame is raised
- either to leave numerous reservations inside the filling panels, intended for connections, and which must then be closed
- or to mount open panels imposing an additional phase of closure.

The disadvantages are
- from a technical point of view, most often occasional connections do not allow continuous maintenance of the elements between them and thus favoring numerous deformations;
- from an economic point of view, one or more additional in situ interventions, increasing the assembly specifications and its lead time.

 The method according to the invention is intended to overcome these drawbacks by providing a different connection solution allowing the mounting of closed panels prefabricated in the factory.

 The advantages are: simplicity, performance, mass production, very wide adaptation, speed of assembly, possibility of disassembly and recovery.

 The principle of the invention resides in a general keying of the construction elements (fig. 1).

 First, the column / beam framework is mounted and linked by means of original connecting elements (ELH / ELB fig. 10 to 15) intended to fix the horizontal beams (POU fig. 5 to 7) to the vertical posts (POT fig. 2 to 4).

 The beams and posts are locked around the connecting elements by simple bolts.

 In a second step, the frame being completed, the filling panels (PA) are placed inside the three-dimensional frames formed by the frame.

 They are then positioned, linked and locked on the frame by the sliding of keys (CL fig. 18 / l9) inside grooves and slots provided for this purpose on the posts, beams and filling elements ( panels).

 The grooves are placed so that they allow the keys; on the one hand to be put in place and removed without dismantling the framework; on the other hand to encircle the entire panels and ensure anchoring inside the ends of the posts.

 For this purpose the length of the keys is slightly greater than the edge of the panels.

 Thus are ensured, in a single operation, fast, efficient, economical and removable: the setting, the fixing and the rigidity of the elements of the framework.

 For this purpose, the filling panels are delivered completely completed during assembly (Closed panel technique). No drilling is to be carried out afterwards. Bolting or binder injection is replaced by the simple sliding of longitudinal keys. The system is easily removable and reusable without damaging the elements.

 This process consists of three types of elements, framing elements, connecting elements, filling elements.

 The framing elements include posts (POT), beams (POU) and corner studs (DE).

 They can be of section and in various materials (wood, plastic, metal). They are provided with longitudinal and transverse grooves and slots.

 One possible embodiment is described by the accompanying drawings. (plate 1 to 37). I1 relates to an application to a modular leisure habitat with a three-dimensional orthogonal structure. In the example chosen, the post / beam frame is made of wood.

 The post is in this case of square section. Its dimensions are a function of the mechanical constraints to be satisfied. I1 is grooved and split according to FIGS. 2 and 3.

 Two orthogonal slots (F1) are placed at the ends and in the axis of the post.

 A groove (R1) is offset by a groove width.

Four peripheral slots are placed at the ends of the posts, the axis of which corresponds to half a post width.

 The beam is generally of identical section and material to the post. In the application presented, the beams have their ends fixed as an applique on the faces of the posts. The aim being a cubic three-dimensional frame, its length is two widths less than that of the post.

 The grooves are placed according to Figures 5 to 7.

 They are arranged so as not to interfere with the grooves of the post during assembly.

 Two slots (F3) are placed face to face, on either side of the axis. They are offset by a half-width of groove.

 A slot (F4X perpendicular to the previous ones is offset by a groove width.

 The slot system is symmetrical at both ends of the beam.

 The angle starters are of identical section and materials to the post and the beam. They are only decorative elements intended essentially to camouflage the legs of the connecting elements projecting from the structure. They are placed in the upper and lower peripheries of the constructions.

 The connecting elements include the top connecting element (ELH fig 10 to 12), the bottom connecting element (ELB fig. 14/15).

the foundation plate (PF fig 17), the key (CL fig 18).

 The dimensions and materials used for the production of these connecting elements also depend on their destination of use, the desired mechanical characteristics and the series envisaged.

 I1 can be hard woods, stainless or treated metals, high resistance plastics.

 They are intended to ensure the fixed and removable connection of the beams to the posts, as well as the connection of the construction to its foundations or to its support.

 Their positioning must not hinder the free passage of the keys.

 The top connecting element (ELH fig. 10 to 12) is made up of 4 orthogonal legs. Each of these legs is intended to penetrate the orthogonal slots placed at the head of the posts.

 Longer than the width of the post, their overhangs are housed inside the end slots of the beams (fig.l).

 Holes (T1 / T2) allow the installation of bolts intended to ensure the connection of posts and beams.

 Lights (such), of the width corresponding to the width of the key and the height to the thickness of two keys, allow the free passage of these.

 The bottom connecting element (ELB fig. 14/15) uses the same operating principle.

 Its particularity compared to the previous one (ELH) lies in the upper height of the element and the presence in the lower part of a base (E) with dual purpose. It is intended, on the one hand to support the floor panels; on the other hand to facilitate the fixing and the rigidity of the plate screw (VP fig.

 15/28).

A variant is shown in Figures 12 and 13 (ELV)
The latter, which is more complex in design than the previous ones, has certain advantages, however.

 It only requires the use of a single connecting element to replace ELH and ELB. It allows easy elevation of multi-storey volumes.

 This variant is provided, around its axis, with an internal threaded tube (EL) or tube with welded nut, intended to receive either a connection screw to the foundation plate or to the support or a double articulated screw intended for the connection of two or more superimposed posts.

 A hole (T3) in the bottom of the tub allows the element to be fixed at the head and bottom of the post (fig. 4), by simple screw.

 The foundation plate (PF fig. 16 and 17) is made up of a threaded hollow tube (EP) intended to receive the screw (VP fig 15) of the bottom connecting element (ELB).

 The more or less pronounced screwing of the plate, before fixing to the foundations, allows the horizontal setting of the foundation of the construction.

 The lower part of the PF is a base of any flat shape, pierced with fixing holes (TF) and placed perpendicular to the threaded tube. The holes (TF) are intended to receive the screws and washers for fixing to the foundations. Their extra width (about 2 times) compared to the screws, allows the clearance necessary for setting the implantation. (fig 27).

 The keys (CL fig 18) are, in the application, a simple profile of rectangular flat section, corresponding to the grooves of the posts, beam and panel elements.

 Their role is to link the various elements making up the structure and fill the building.

 They are put in place, after mounting the three-dimensional framework, at the time of incorporation of the various filling panels. This implementation is carried out by sliding the keys from the pole heads, along the vertical axis; and horizontally, in the lower and upper parts, from the sides of the heads and feet of posts.

 These keys have a length equal to that of the filling elements increased by about two half-widths of beam or column. Their width corresponds to the cumulative depth of the grooves reserved inside the posts or beams, plus that of the corresponding groove of the filling element, to which is added the play necessary for the positioning of the elements, to the possible deformation of the structure and the expected expansion of the materials. These last points are naturally a function of the conditions of use and stress as well as the material used.

 Finally, the thickness of the key corresponds to the width of the grooves increased by the clearance necessary for sliding.

 The connection of the components is therefore ensured continuously, as a bonding would do, while allowing mechanical engraving, such as studding or bolting only partially.

 In addition, the key heads partially penetrate the column and beam heads, also ensuring general blocking at this level.

 In order to facilitate the penetration and crossing of the keys, they have their softened ends (fig. 18-19).

 The profile shown in the drawing is of flat rectangular section. The same process could be used using tubes or profiles of round, oval shape, or more worked profile. The only imperative is that the "male" key corresponds to the "female" reservation of the posts, beam and panels.

 The material can be metallic, plastic or stabilized hardwood. The choice depends essentially on the risk of corrosion, the rigidity, the lightness and the cost sought.

 The filling elements are intended to be fixed inside the frames formed by the column / beam framework.

 They can be of multiple designs and compositions depending on their destination and the construction method for which they are intended.

 Their rattle is to close the volumes. They can participate in the structure of the construction and ensure, in all cases, the bracing.

 They can be solid, composite, glazed skeleton panels, etc.

 Their particularity lies in the fact that they are provided with a peripheral outer frame grooved longitudinally.

(fig 25/26/28 to 33/36 to 38/43 to 45) -.

 These grooves naturally correspond to those of columns and beams. They are intended to receive a half-width of keys over the entire periphery of the panel.

 Plates 19 to 34 describe some systems for fixing the panels to the frame.

 The drawings demonstrate an application to a timber frame construction system.

In this case, the filling elements include: various wall panels (solid, glazed, claustras) floor panels (habitatior terrace), roof panels (tiles, shingles ...)
Figures 46 to 48 describe an application to a leisure area of around 24 m2.

This accommodation (bungalow) includes 4 covered living modules of approximately 6 m2 each (2.55 X 2.55 grid from axis to axis); 2 volumes covered with cloisters intended to shelter outside leisure activities or a vehicle, 1 terrace volume, and two open volumes
The bungalow right-of-way, in the spirit of a grouping of habitats, is delimited by fences taking up the same constructive principle and using the fence element.

 The preferred technical field concerned by the invention is that of building construction in general - leisure housing, main housing, emergency housing, base-living, holiday camps, various kiosks (catering, newspaper sales, sales office, meeting or information point), temporary offices, or extensions, landscaped office ...

 This construction process can also be used in other technical fields such as street furniture, furniture, construction toys ...

Claims (8)

 1) Method of assembly, of any dimensions, shapes and materials, characterized in that it is composed of posts (POT) and beams (POU) grooved and split, linked by assembly elements (ELH / ELB) in which filling panels (PA) are placed; the whole being maintained, reinforced and blocked by longitudinal keys (CL), slid inside the grooves provided for this purpose. (e.g. fig 1).  2) Pole according to claim 1, characterized in that it is grooved and split to allow the sliding of the keys. The profile of the grooves corresponds to that of the keys. (e.g. fig 2 to 4)  3) Beam (POU) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is grooved and split in order to allow the sliding of the keys. The profile of the grooves corresponds to that of the keys (eg figs 5 to 7).  4) Top and bottom connecting elements (ELH / ELB) according to claim 1 characterized in that they are fixed to the posts and provided with lugs accommodating in the slots provided for this. effect on beams. These elements also have lights (ll) intended for the free passage of the keys. (ex. fig 10 to 15)  5) Key according to claim 1, characterized in that it corresponds to the profile of the grooves of the posts, 'beams, and filling elements in which it comes to slip.

 6) filling element according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral outer frame is grooved according to the profile of the keys, which slipped inside, are intended to hold it and fix it to the framework composed of posts and beams . (e.g. fiq 25/26. 28 to 33, r 33/38 / 43-to 45).  7) Method of assembly, according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is provided with a threaded tube (T), or provided with a nut (EP), intended to receive the threaded rod of the bottom connecting element (ELB.ex. fig 14 and 15), and a base pierced with holes. (TF ex. Fig 17)  8) An assembly method according to claims 1 and 5 characterized in that the panels directly provide the structure function, the frame of grooved panels on the periphery fulfilling, through the uprights and crosspieces, the role of posts and beams removed.