EP0032860A2 - Prefabricated construction made of metallic elements - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the construction of a supporting framework of a building from prefabricated metallic elements and elements for carrying out the method. According to the invention, this method is characterised in that the said framework elements (1, 11, 11', 15), after mounting and assembling, are secured by engagement of apertures forming mortices (9, 9') of a first element on male tenons (6, 6', 16, 16') of a second element and locking by means of keys (10, 10'). Construction of a supporting framework capable of being prefabricated in the workshop and assembled in situ, and having antiseismic properties. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a new method for producing a load-bearing framework for the erection of a building.

The method according to the invention uses prefabricated metal elements capable of being transported and assembled on site.

The invention can be used for the erection of multi-purpose buildings and can be used for the construction of individual constructions and in particular private dwellings such as pavilions etc ...; the invention can advantageously be implemented for use of premises for industrial purposes, such as workshops, factories, hangars, warehouses etc ... or collective or social buildings such as schools, hospitals, administrative offices etc ...

The use of prefabricated elements, in particular metallic elements, prepared in the workshop and simply assembled on site, is known.

These processes, if they have the classic advantages of prefabrication, that is to say the centralization in a workshop or a factory specially equipped for this purpose, of the preparation and manufacturing phases of the elements, with the advantages of mass production and the resulting lowering of the cost price, however, require, when erected on site, qualified personnel; in fact, the prefabricated elements must be assembled, by bolting or welding, which requires great precision in manufacturing and also qualified personnel for mounting and securing the elements in satisfactory conditions.

In addition, assembly on site represents a long and therefore expensive operation.

The invention makes it possible to develop the use of prefabricated metal reinforcements by simplifying both the prefabrication operations in the workshop and above all the assembly and assembly operations in situ.

The invention will therefore be particularly suitable for the installation of buildings, dwellings, generally of all individual or collective premises in places where skilled labor is lacking.

In addition, the invention allows an extremely rapid assembly of the elements and the establishment of buildings and reception structures for various uses, under conditions of speed, without common measure with the traditional structural construction methods or even with methods of erection from prefabricated elements.

To this end, the invention relates to a method of constructing buildings of the type in which framework elements formed of previously prefabricated metal beams are assembled in situ, characterized in that said framework elements after mounting and assembly are secured by keying.

More specifically, in the context of the invention, two juxtaposed elements are assembled and secured by plugging in at least one lumen made on a first female element on a clipped tenon mounted on a plate integral with a second element or male element, said pin protruding beyond the thickness of the wall of the first plugged-in element and the assembly is secured by fitting a key in the form of a fork with two teeth of decreasing section towards the end of the teeth driven out and blocked by force with a hammer under the collar of said tenon.

Advantageously, a reinforcement plywood will be put in place above the wall of the female element and plugged into said pin, the latter being provided with a length such that its low-cut head projects over the top of said plate, allowing the positioning of said locking key.

The vertical frame elements forming upright or posts are put in place and assembled on site on a horizontal sole forming a bottom rail, said posts being secured to the bottom rail by keying.

These posts are secured at their base on the base or low rail and they are also secured at their top on a high rail, the whole thus forming a load-bearing wall.

The top and bottom rails respectively form a peripheral belt closed on itself and which follows the periphery or the perimeter of the construction.

And, according to an interesting development of the invention, the low peripheral rail, which has a vertical wall whose base rests substantially at ground level or on the support plane, is followed, at its upper edge, by a square return forming a horizontal plane or wall which constitutes the receiving base of the posts; and the belt formed by the bottom rail constitutes a box open upwards and thus forming a lost formwork; one can easily, after installation of a reinforcing raft, pour a layer of concrete inside this formwork to form a screed or lower slab which forms the monolithic structure and the foundation or foundation of the building, slab belted by the bottom rail.

This characteristic thus makes it possible to produce a construction having advantageous resistance characteristics, in particular anti-seismic.

Indeed, the monolithic slab associated with its border which constitutes the bottom rail forms a rigid monolithic structure and particularly resistance which constitutes the base of the construction; and it is on this base that all the vertical posts topped by the high arm or upper belt and then by the frames described below.

We understand that the house or building thus produced has its own structure, which is actually independent of the ground; the screed or lower slab is actually simply placed on the ground without a buried foundation; therefore, any movement or subsidence of the ground cannot be transmitted to the entire building given the monolithic structure and the inertia of the concrete slab; so there is no risk to see, as it happens in traditional construction methods, a building cut into several parts or simply crack due to the movements of the ground; if the seismic movement is likely to cause movement of the concrete slab, it is the whole of the slab which will be affected without consequently causing excessive internal tension in the whole of the framework of the construction.

In addition, the assembly device which is the subject of the present invention allows a certain flexibility and in the event of seismic movements, the keyed framework elements can play slightly with respect to each other by adapting to the internal tensions. transmitted to the reinforcement without causing ruptures; the few deformations which could then be observed will not cause the entire building to collapse and fall, dangerous for the occupants and, moreover, these deformations can be repaired quickly.

The invention also relates to a set of prefabricated elements for the implementation of the construction method described above and of the type consisting of a plurality of ptrtrelles or metal elements provided by prefabrication of assembly means and these elements are characterized in that they comprise assembly means consisting (1) of tenons or pins turned at their ends mounted on a plate secured to a first element (2) of recesses or lights formed on a second element dimensioned and positioned to be pluggable on said tenon (3) of plywoods also provided with recesses to allow their engagement on said tenons above the second key element (4) formed of forks with two teeth decreasing in thickness towards the end of the teeth , the interval between the two teeth allowing the positioning of the key on the ground of the post and the force locking of the assembly, the second element being trapped between the plate integral with the first element and the counter plate.

The prefabricated assembly according to the invention comprises. more particularly longitudinal elements assembled end to end by fishplates and suitable for constituting the horizontal peripheral rail encircling the perimeter of the construction and carrying vertical posts, the posts being assembled on the rail, the rail comprising for this purpose plates regularly spaced along the rail and carrying tenons necklines, the posts having at their base a base projecting laterally on each side and provided with plug-in light on said studs and thus able to be secured to the rail by keying.

In addition, the posts have at their top a male keying plate and comprising at least one and preferably two low-profile tenons for receiving by plugging in a female plate and provided for this purpose with lights provided on a high rail joining the poles and overhanging the low beam, surrounding the perimeter of the construction in the upper part and securing the posts, the whole low smooth, high smooth and posts thus forming a peripheral colonnade.

The frame forming a colonnade, produced by the low beam or sole, the vertical posts, and the high beam, carries prefabricated trusses; these trusses comprise a female keying plate on a base integral with the entry to the right of the support of the latter on the pot wall, said plate being provided with plug-in lights on the tenons of the male plate surmounting the support post corresponding and on which are successively plugged in the lights of the support plate of the top rail and then the lights of the support plate of said farm, the whole being capable of being secured by keying.

Finally, the trusses themselves have support consoles for the purlins, and these consoles are provided according to the invention with locking pins, the purlins comprising plug-in lights on these tenons and able to be keyed on the console with interposition a counter plate.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows and which is given in report with a particular embodiment presented by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the frame according to the invention.
• Figure 2 shows a general perspective view of the structure of the building being erected.
• FIG. 3 represents a view of details of the low rail or receiving plate of the posts.
• Figure 4 shows a partial view of vertical posts mounted on the bottom rail.
• Figure 5 shows a front elevational view of a post used in the context of the invention.
• FIG. 6 represents a side elevation view of the post of FIG. 5.
• Figure 7 shows a front elevational view of the assembly of two half-trusses.
• Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the assembly of two half-trusses.

According to the invention, the method comprises the installation of a bottom rail 1 formed from profiled elements and assembled by fishplates in a known manner.

The bottom rail, a detailed perspective view of which can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, belt after assembly of the various longitudinal elements which compose it, the entire construction as shown in FIG. 2.

The bottom rail has a vertical front wall 2 which is followed, after a recessed shoulder 3 by the horizontal sole 4.

This sole is provided from place to place with assembly studs or male keying members secured to a lower plate.

The plate 5 consists of a section of T-irons it receives by welding the assembly pins 6 and 6 ', which pass through the wall of the soleplate 4 to present itself vertically; the pins 6 and 6 ′ coming from the horizontal flange 4 are thus awaiting the engagement of the plate 7 forming a double lateral base respectively 8 and 8 ′ of the post 11.

The two lateral bases 8 and 8 'are pierced with lights 9 and 9'; one is provided with the dimension to come to be engaged on the tenon 6; the other can advantageously be slightly ovalized so as to allow a certain tolerance; thus the plate 7 can come to engage on the tenons 6 and 6 'to ensure the establishment of the post; the assembly is secured by insertion of keys 10 and 10 'in the form of a fork with two teeth which come to engage, as seen in FIG. 3 so as to insert the neck 12 and 12' of the pins 6 and 6 '; for this purpose, the keys have a decreasing slope towards the end of the teeth.

We understand that it is very easy and particularly quick to ensure the successive installation of the posts in the appropriate places; a few hammer blows are enough to ensure the locking of the key and the immobilization of the post.

The tenons 6 and 6 'are arranged at regular intervals along the heald 1 and, depending on the construction plans, it is easy to position posts very quickly at the places provided.

We see according to Figure 2 that we can quickly ensure the establishment of a peripheral smooth according to the construction plan on which are directed very quickly the posts 11, 11 ', 11 "etc ...

According to an advantageous development of the invention, it is easy to then pour inside the rail 1 a concrete slab 13 on a slab formed of reinforcing bars 14, 14 '.

A monolithic structure is thus obtained which gives the construction a particularly effective seat by its rigidity and by its inertia; this seat being independent of the ground; on which it rests purely and simply, allows the construction resistance in particular to seismic movements as we have explained above.

The posts are then assembled at their top by a high rail 15 which follows the construction belt, directly above the low rail 1; the top rail is formed, like the bottom rail, from cold-folded sections or sheets which are assembled longitudinally by splicing according to known means.

The assembly of the low beam, of the posts and of the high beam, once assembled, thus constitutes a colonnade which surrounds the perimeter of the construction.

For the assembly of the top rail on the posts, the upper end of the latter is provided with a male plate 17 receiving two studs. 16 and 16 'turned upwards as seen in FIG. 5 and in FIG. 6.

On these pins, on standby, are plugged in the lights provided at regular intervals, according to the same module as that adopted for positioning, pins 6 and 6 ′ of the low rail, lights provided on the high rail 15.

After interposition of a counter plate a key is put in place and ensures the immobilization of the posts and the top rail.

Plumb with the trusses, the arm 15, the lights of which are skewered on the tenons 16, 16 ′ is surmounted by a horizontal support plate 18 coming from a base 19 supporting the trusses 20 (FIG. 1) and c ′ is the support plate 18 which then plays the role of plywood; the key, identical to keys 10, 10 'provided at the base of the posts, ensuring blocking by fitting into the neck of the tenon 16.

As can be seen in FIGS. 7 and 8, the trusses consist of two half trusses 21 and 21 'which can thus be easily transported and which are symmetrically coupled according to their punch at the place of construction.

To this end, the half-trusses have, at the top and at the base of the punch and on each face, reinforcing plates 22, 22 '(at the top) and 23, 23' (at the base).

These plates are provided with lights 24 capable of receiving the assembly studs (25 in the ridge position and 26 at the level of the entry) of a pin or splint.

The assembly is obtained by a splicing pin 28 which has two twisted pins 25, which fit into the slots 24; on the opposite face and after interposition of the counter-plate 29, the openings of which engage on the two tenons 25, the head of the tenon 25 is blocked by fitting the key 30.

At the level of the connection, a splicing pin 31, similar to pin 28, is used, comprising two pins 26 which come to fit in the slots 24 of the two plates 23; on the opposite face, the counter-splice 32 is plugged in by its slots on the heads of the tenons 26 and the assembly is blocked by fitting the keys 33.

After the trusses have been put in place, the latter are connected by the end purlins 34, intermediate 35 and faignes 36 and 36 '.

The purlins are mounted on brackets 37, consisting of brackets secured by their sole on a crossbowman at the appropriate place; the bearing face of each console 37 supports a tenon 37 ′ on which lights are inserted. provided on the purlins respectively 34, 35, 36; after interposition of a counter plate 38, the assembly is keyed as previously described.

We see in these conditions that the assembly of the entire construction is obtained by simple keying without any recourse to previously used assembly means such as bolting, riveting or welding; only the ribs are bolted which provide longitudinally l assembly of the elements forming the beams.

There is thus obtained according to the invention a load-bearing framework which is very quickly put in place and which can be assembled in a few days.

As seen in Figures 5 and 6, the assembly can be braced by tie rods 40 bearing on half-rings 41 mounted respectively at the top and at the base of the posts, the tie rods made of steel cables being associated with known type tensioning devices.

The posts can also receive on a lateral face of the lights or openings 42, 43, 44, allowing the installation and the joining on the posts of the frames.

It is understood that the posts can be differentiated according to the characteristics and plans; it is advantageous to use reinforced posts compared to standard posts especially for angles or for farm support posts.

A cable bracing can also be provided in the horizontal plane by cable connecting the corners of the building with respect to the trusses.

The assembly thus produced can then be dressed according to architectural plans and according to tastes, climatic conditions, local establishments and traditions etc ...

Claims (11)

1.- A method of constructing buildings of the type in which framework elements formed of prefabricated metal beams are assembled in situ, characterized in that said framework elements (1,11, 11 ', 15) are mounted and assembled by engagement of lights (8.8 ') forming mortises arranged on a first element, on male studs (6.6', 16.16 ') arranged on a second element, then the assembly is blocked by keys ( 10,10 ') cooperating with said pins. 2.- Method according to claim 1, further characterized in that two juxtaposed elements (1,11) are assembled and secured by plugging in at least one lumen (9,9 ') practiced, on a first element or female element (11) on a tenon (6.6 ′) neckline mounted on a plate integral (5) with a second element or male element (1) said tenon projecting beyond the thickness of the wall of the first connected element and the whole is joined by fitting a key (10,10 ') in the form of a fork with two teeth of decreasing section towards the end of the teeth driven out and locked by force with a hammer under the flange (12,12' ) of said post. 3.- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that vertical framework elements forming upright or post (11.11 ′, 11 ″) are put in place and assembled on site on a low rail (1), said posts (11.11 ′, 11 ") being secured to the bottom rail by plugging in their lower plate (8) onto studs (6.6 ′) coming from the sole (1) and locking by keys (10.10 ′) , said posts are secured at their top on a high rail (15), by studs (16, 16 ') arranged at the top of the post, the studs passing through holes forming a mortise on the high rail (15) and being locked by keys (10), the top and bottom rails respectively form a peripheral belt closed on itself and along the perimeter of the construction. 4.- Method according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that after the placement of the low peripheral rail (1), a concrete slab (13) is poured on the foundation slab to the inside the belt formed by the bottom rail which constitutes lost formwork, the slab thus constituting the base of the entire construction by forming a monolithic foundation independent of the bearing soil and with anti-seismic characteristics. 5.- Prefabricated construction for the implementation of the construction method according to one of claims 1 to 4, and of the type consisting of a plurality of metal beams provided with assembly means, characterized in that said means assembly carried by the prefabricated elements (1, 11, 11 ', 15) are formed a) studs (6,6 ', 16,16') mounted on plate (5,17) secured to a first element (1,11); b) mortise lights (9,9 ′) dimensioned and positioned to be pluggable onto said tenon; c) and keys capable of cooperating with the post in order to immobilize the two assembled elements. 6. Prefabricated construction according to claim 5, characterized in that the pins (6,6 ', 16,16') are provided with a turning (12) and the keys (10,10 ') are formed of forks two teeth of decreasing thickness towards the end of the teeth, the interval between the two teeth allowing the positioning of the key on the neck (12), of the post, (6,6 ', 16,16') and the blocking by force of the whole. 7. Prefabricated construction according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises longitudinal elements which can be assembled end to end by fishplates capable of constituting a smooth horizontal peripheral (1) encircling the periphery of the construction and carrying vertical posts (11 , 11 ', 11 "), the posts being assembled on the heald (1), heald comprising for this purpose, plates (5) regularly spaced along the heald and carrying low profile studs (6,6'), the posts with a base at their base (8) projecting laterally on each side and provided with lights (9.9 ') plug-in on said tenons (6.6') and thus able to be secured to the beam by keys (10.10 '). and the posts have at their top a plate (17) of male keying and comprising at least one and preferably two tenons (16,16 ') turned to receive by plugging the top rail (15) and a female plate (18), said beam and the plate being provided for this purpose with lights and immobilized by keys (10) the top rail bringing together the posts and overhanging the bottom rail, encircling the upper part of the perimeter of the construction and ensuring the joining of the posts, the whole bottom rail, top rail and posts thus forming a peripheral colonnade. 8.- Prefabricated construction according to claim 5, characterized in that the bottom rail (1) constituting the receiving base of the posts (11,11 ') and surrounding the circumference of the construction offers a vertical face (2) whose base rests at ground level or on the support surface and the upper edge starts a square return towards the interior of the construction to be extended by the horizontal face (4) forming the support base of the posts, and the rail low thus constitutes a lost formwork for the reception of a concrete poured on reinforcing raft inside said beam to constitute a slab (13) or screed constituting monolithic foundation for the construction independent of the bearing soil and thus comprising characteristics anti-seismic. 9. Prefabricated construction according to one of claims 5 to 8, further characterized in that it comprises trusses (20,20 ') prefabricated, said trusses comprising a plate (18) female keying disposed on a base ( 19) integral with the farm entry at the right of the support on the heald (15) and on a post (11) said plate (18) being provided with plug-in lights on the tenons (16,16 ') of the plate (17) male surmounting the corresponding support post (11) and onto which the lights of the top rail (15) are then successively plugged in, then the lights of the support plate (18), the whole being capable of being secured by the keys (10). 10.- Prefabricated construction according to claim 9, characterized in that the truss (20; 20 ') comprises support brackets (27) of the purlins (36.36') said brackets comprising at least one and preferably two studs (37 ') for keying, the purlin comprising plug-in lights on said tenons and capable of being blocked on the console with the interposition of a counterplate (29) by keys 30.

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