FR2473589A1 - METHOD FOR PRODUCING BUILDING CARRIER STRUCTURE FROM PREFABRICATED METAL ELEMENTS AND ELEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a load-bearing framework for a building from prefabricated metal elements and elements for implementing the method. According to the invention, this method is characterized in that said frame elements 4, 11 after mounting and assembly are secured by keying 6, 9, 12, 10. Production of load-bearing frames capable of being prefabricated in the workshop and assembled. in situ. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)

Description

The present invention relates to a novel process for the production

  of a supporting frame for the erection of a building. The method according to the invention uses prefabricated metal elements that can be transported and assembled in places. The invention is usable for the erection of building vocatioremultiples and may be used for the construction of individual buildings including private housing such as pavilions etc ...; the invention may advantageously be implemented for the use of premises for industrial purposes, such as workshops, factories, sheds, warehouses etc ... or collective or social buildings such as

  schools, hospitals, administrative offices etc ...

  The use of prefabricated elements, especially metal, prepared in the workshop and simply assembled on site, is known. These processes, if they have the conventional advantages of prefabrication, ie the centralization in a workshop or a factory specially equipped for this purpose, phases of preparation and manufacture of the elements, with the advantages of mass production and the consequent lowering of the cost price, nevertheless require, when erecting on site qualified personnel; in fact, the prefabricated elements must be assembled, by bolting

  welding, which requires great precision in the manufacture of

  cation and also qualified personnel for the assembly

  and the joining of the elements under satisfactory conditions

  faisantes. In addition, on-site assembly represents an operation

long and therefore expensive.

  The invention makes it possible to develop the use of reinforcements

  prefabricated metal parts by simplifying both

  prefabrication in the workshop and especially the operations

mounting and assembly in situ.

  The invention will therefore be particularly suitable for the installation of buildings, dwellings, generally of all individual or collective premises in places where the workforce

qualified is lacking.

  In addition, the invention allows an extremely fast assembly of elements and the establishment of buildings and reception structures for various uses, under conditions of speed, incommensurate with the traditional structural construction processes or even with erection procedures

  from prefabricated elements.

  For this purpose, the invention relates to a method of construction-

  of buildings of the type in which frame elements formed from prefabricated metal beams are assembled in situ, characterized in that said frame members after assembly and assembly are secured by keying. More specifically, in the context of the invention, two juxtaposed elements are assembled and secured by skewing of at least one light made on a first female element on a tenon décolleté mounted on a fixed platinum-a second element or male element, said tenon overflowing beyond the thickness of the wall of the first socketed element and the assembly is secured by the establishment of a wedge-shaped fork with two teeth of decreasing section towards the end of the teeth driven and blocked by force at

  hammer under the collar of said tenon.

  Advantageously, a reinforcing plywood will be put in place above the wall of the female element and hooked onto said tenon, the latter being provided with a length such that its necked head overflows above said plate,

  allowing the establishment of said locking pin.

  The vertical frame elements forming uprights or posts are put in place and assembled on site-on a sole

  horizontal forming low smooth, said posts being solid-

  rised on the low rail by keying.

  These posts are secured at their base on the sole or smooth low and they are also secured to their top

  on a smooth high, the assembly thus forming a load-bearing wall.

  The hips respectively high and low form a peripheral belt closed on itself and which follows the periphery

  or the perimeter of the construction.

  And, according to an interesting development of the invention, the low peripheral boom, which has a vertical wall whose base lies substantially at ground level or on the support plane, is followed, at its upper edge, by a right angle return forming a horizontal plane or wall which constitutes the receiving base of the posts, and the belt formed by the lower rail constitutes a box open upwards and thus forming a lost formwork; it is easy, after setting up a reinforcing base, to pour a layer of concrete inside this formwork to form a screed or lower slab which forms the monolithic structure and the foundation or foundation of the building, slab surrounded by the

lower smooth.

  This characteristic thus makes it possible to produce a construction exhibiting interesting characteristics of resistance,

especially anti-seismic.

  Indeed, the monolithic slab associated with its border that constitutes the low rail forms a monolithic rigid structure and particularly strength which constitutes the base of the construction, and it is on this base that rests all the vertical posts surmounted by the smooth high or belt

  superior and then by the frames described below.

  It is understood that the house or the building thus produced has its own structure, which is actually independent of the ground; the screed or lower slab is actually simply placed on the ground without buried foundation; therefore, any movement or subsidence of the ground can not be transmitted to the whole building given the monolithic structure and the inertia of the concrete slab; there is therefore no risk of seeing, as happens in traditional building processes, a building cut into several parts or simply cracking as a result of the movements of the ground; if the seismic movement is likely to cause a movement of the concrete slab, it is the entire slab that will be affected without consequently causing internal tension

  excessive in the overall structure of the building.

  In addition, the assembly device which is the subject of the present invention allows a certain flexibility and in case

  seismic movements, the keyed framework elements can

  play slightly with each other in adapting to

  both internal tensions transmitted to the frame without causing breaks; the few deformations that could then be noted will not cause a collapse and a fall of the whole building, dangerous for the occupants and moreover, these deformations may be later

quickly repaired.

  The invention also relates to a set of prefabricated elements

  bricks for the implementation of the construction method described above and of the type consisting of a plurality of beams or metal elements provided by prefabrication assembly means and these elements are characterized in that they comprise means assembly consisting of (1) tenons or pins cut at their ends mounted on a plate integral with a first element (2) of recesses or lights made on a second element dimmensionnés and positioned to be plugable on said pin (3) of plywoods also provided with recesses to allow their skewing on said tenons above the second element (4) of wedges formed of two-tooth forks

  of decreasing thickness towards the end of the teeth, the inter-

  valle between the two teeth allowing the positioning of

  the key on the floor of the tenon and the blockage by force of the

  seems, the second element being trapped between the platinum

  integral with the first element and against the plate.

  The prefabricated assembly according to the invention more particularly comprises longitudinal elements assembled end to end by splints and suitable for constituting the horizontal peripheral smooth surrounding the perimeter of the construction and carrier of vertical posts, the posts being assembled on the smooth, the smooth comprising for this purpose, regularly spaced plates along the smooth and bearing tenons turned, poles having at their base a base projecting laterally on each side and provided with plug-in light on said tenons and thus clean to

  to be secured on the rail by keying.

  In addition, the poles comprise at their apex a male keying plate and having at least one and preferably two notched tenons for receiving by skewing a female plate and provided for this purpose with lights provided on a high smooth joining the poles and overlooking the smooth low while encircling the upper part of the periphery of the

  building and securing the posts, the

  looks smooth low, smooth high and poles thus forming a

peripheral colonnade.

  The framework forming colonnade, carried out by the low rail or footing, the vertical poles, and the high rail, is carrier of prefabricated farms; these trusses comprise a female keying plate on a fixed base of the entrance to the right of the support of the latter on the pottery wall, said plate being provided with lightsembrochablk on the

  holding the male platinum over the support post corres-

  laying down and on which are inserted successively the

  lights of the support plate of the upper arm and the lights

  the support plate of the said farm, the whole being

  adapted to be secured by keying.

  Finally, the trusses themselves have support consoles for failures, and these consoles are provided according to the invention of keying pins, the purlins having plug-in lights on these tenons and able to be keyed on the

  console with interposition of a counter plate.

  Other features and advantages of the invention are

  from the description which follows and which is given in

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  report with a particular embodiment presented by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 represents a schematic sectional view of the ossica

  according to the invention. FIG. 2 represents a general perspective view of

  the skeleton of the building being erected.

  FIG. 3 represents a detail view of the low rail

or receiving sole of the poles.

  Figure 4 shows a partial view of vertical poles

mounted on the low rail.

  FIG. 5 represents a front elevational view of a

  post used in the context of the invention.

  Figure 6 shows a side elevation of the post

of Figure 5.

  Figure 7 shows a front elevational view of the assembly.

two half-farms.

  Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the assembly of two half-trusses. According to the invention, the method comprises the introduction of a low rail 1 formed of profiled and assembled elements

by splints in a known manner.

  The low rail of which we see a detail view in perspective in Figures 3 and 4, belt after assembly of the various longitudinal elements that compose it, the whole of the

  construction as shown in Figure 2.

  The low rail has a vertical front wall 2 which is followed, after a shoulder recessed 3 by the sole

horizontal 4.

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  This sole is provided with place in place of assembly pins.

  boring or male locking members secured to one

lower platen.

  The plate 5 consists of a section of T irons it receives by welding the assembly pins 6 and 6 ', which

  pour the wall of the sole 4 to stand vertical-

  is lying; the tenons 6 and 6 'coming from the horizontal sole 4

  are thus waiting for the skewed platinum 7 for-

  a double lateral base respectively 8 and 8 'of the

post 11.

  The two lateral bases 8 and 8 'are pierced with lights 9 and 9'; one is dimensioned to come to grip the stud 6; the other may be advantageously slightly ovalized so as to allow a certain tolerance; thus the plate 7 can come to stick on the tenons 6 and 6 '

  to ensure the establishment of the post; the whole is

  darisé by an insertion of the keys 2 and 10 'fork-shaped with two teeth which engage, as shown in Figure 4 so as to insert the neck 12 and 12' of the pins 6 and 6 '; for this purpose, the keys comprise a

  decreasing slope towards the end of the teeth.

  It is understood that it is very easy and particularly fast to ensure the successive installation of poles in appropriate places; a few hammers are enough to ensure the locking of the key and the immobilization of the post. The pins 6 and 6 'are arranged at regular intervals along the rail 1 and, depending on the plans of the construction it is easy to position the posts very quickly to

planned places.

  It can be seen according to FIG. 2 that it is thus possible to quickly ensure the installation of a peripheral smooth according to the plane of the construction on which are directed very rapidly the

posts 11, 11 ', 11 "etc.

2473589-

  According to an advantageous development of the invention, it is easy to sink then inside the smooth 1 a slab of

  concrete 13 on a raft formed of reinforcing bars 14, 14 '.

  A monolithic structure is thus obtained which gives the building a particularly effective base by its rigidity and its inertia; this seat being independent of the ground, on which it rests purely and simply, allows the construction a resistance in particular to the movements

  seismic as discussed above.

  The posts are then assembled at their summit by a high rail 15 which follows the belt of the construction, directly above the lower rail 1; the high rail is formed, like the low rail, of sections or cold-bent sheets which are

  assembled longitudinally by bolting according to the known means.

  The whole of the low rail, poles and the high rail, once assembled, thus constitutes a colonnade which belt

around the building.

  In order to assemble the high rail on the posts, the former

  upper end of the latter is provided with a male plate 17 receiving two studs 16 and 16 'turned towards the

  as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.

  On these tenons, waiting, are getting in the lights provided at regular intervals, according to the same module as that adopted for the positioning of the pins 6 and 6 'of the smooth

  low, lights provided on the high rail 15.

  After interposition of a counterplate a key is put in place and ensures the immobilization of the posts and the upper rail. In line with the trusses, the sill 15, whose lights are plugged onto the tenons 16, 16 'is surmounted by a horizontal support plate 18 coming from a base 19 supporting the trusses 20 (FIG. 1) and c' is the support plate 18 which then plays the role of against-plate; the key, identical to the keys 10, 10 'provided at the base of the posts, ensuring

  blocking by placing in the collar 16.

  As can be seen in Figures 7 and 8, farms are made up

  two half-farms 21 and 21 'which can thus be transported

  easily and which are symmetrically

  their punch on the place of construction.

  For this purpose, the half-farms include, at the top and

  the base of the punch and on each face, reinforcing plates

  22, 22 '(at the top) and 23, 23' (at the base).

  These plates are provided with lights 24 able to receive the assembly posts (25 in the main position and 26 on the

  from the entrance) of a brooch or splice.

  The assembly is obtained by a splicing pin 28 which has two twin tenons 25, which are interlocked in the slots 24; on the opposite face and after the interposition of the counter-plate 29, whose lights are interlocked on the two tenons 25, the head of the post 25 is blocked by placing

in place of the key 30.

  At the entrance, one uses a pinning pin 31, similar to the pin 28, having two pins 26 which are embellished in the slots 24 of the two plates 23; on the opposite face, the contreéclisse 32 is plugged by its lights on the heads of the tenons 26 and

  the assembly is blocked by placing the keys 33.

  After establishment of the trusses, the latter are connected by the end purlins 34, intermediate 35 and apexes 36

and 36 '.

  The purlins are mounted on consoles 37, consisting of brackets secured by their sole on a crossbow at the appropriate place; the bearing face of each console 37 supports a pin 38 on which comes snap lights provided on the purlins respectively 34, 35, 36; after interposing a counterplate 38, the assembly is

  keyed as previously described.

  It can be seen in these conditions that the assembly of the whole construction is obtained by simple keying without any recourse to previously used assembly means such as bolting, riveting or welding: only bolts are fitted which longitudinally assure assembly of

elements forming the smooth.

  Thus, according to the invention, a load-bearing framework is obtained which is very quickly put in place and which can be assembled.

in a few days.

  As can be seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, the assembly can be

  braced by tie rods 40 bearing on half

  rings 41 mounted respectively at the top and at the base of the columns, the tie rods consisting of steel cables being associated

  to voltage devices of known type.

  The posts can also receive on a lateral face lights or openings 42, 43, 44, allowing the setting

  place and fastening on the posts of the frames.

  It is understood that the poles can be differentiated into

  function of features and plans; we will be able

  use reinforced posts compared to standard posts, especially for angles or poles

farm support.

  A cable winding can also be provided in the horizontal plane by cable connecting the angles of the

building in relation to the farms.

  The set thus realized can then be dressed according to the architectural plans and according to the tastes, conditions

  climate change, local settlements and traditions, etc.

Claims (13)

R E V E N D I C A T IO N S   1.- A method of constructing buildings of the type in which   frame elements formed of metal beams previously   prefabricated lathing are assembled in situ, characterized   in that said frame members after assembly and assembly   are secured by keying. 2. A method according to claim 1, further characterized in that two juxtaposed elements are assembled and secured by skewing of at least one light made on a first element or female element on a tenon décolleté mounted on a plate integral with a second element or element mAle said tenon protruding beyond the thickness of the wall of the first plugged element and the assembly is secured by placing a wedge in the form of fork with two teeth of decreasing section towards the end hunted teeth   and forcibly blocked by the hammer under the flange of said tenon.   3. A process according to claim 2, characterized in that a reinforcing plywood is placed above the wall of the female element and skewered on said post, this   last being planned with a length such that its head decol-   left overflows above said plate, allowing the setting   place of said locking pin.   4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that vertical frame members forming post or post are set up and assembled on site on a sole   horizontal forming low smooth, said posts being solidi-   darted on the low rail by keying.   5.- Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the posts secured at their base on the sole or low smooth, are secured at their top on a high smooth, all forming a wall of pottery.   6. A process according to one of claims 1 to 5, above,   further characterized in that the upper and lower rails respectively form a closed peripheral belt on itself   and according to the perimeter of the construction.   7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that after introduction of the low peripheral bar, a concrete slab is poured on reinforcing slab inside the belt formed by the low bar which constitutes lost formwork , the slab thus constituting the base of the set of   the construction by forming a monolithic foundation.   8.- Prefabricated assembly for the implementation of the process   construction device according to one of claims 1 to 7, and   type consisting of a plurality of metal beams provided with assembly means, characterized in that said assembly means carried by the prefabricated elements consist of (1) tenons or pins cut at their end mounted on a plate integral with a first element (2) recesses or lights made on a second element dimensioned or positioned to be pluggable on said post, (3) against plates also provided with recesses to allow their skew on said tenons above the second element (4) wedges formed of two-tooth forks   the decreasing thickness towards the end of the teeth, the in-   tervalle between the two teeth for positioning the key on the neck of the tenon and blocking force of all, the second element being trapped between the platinum   integral with the first element and against the plate.   9. Prefabricated assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises longitudinal and assemblable elements   end-to-end by splints which form a smooth   horizontally encircling the perimeter of the construction and carrier of vertical poles, the columns being assembled   on the smooth, smooth plate having for this purpose, standard plates   spaced apart along the smooth and bearing tenons   necklines, the poles having at their base a depressed base   laterally on each side and provided with embroidered   chables on said tenons and thus own to be joined on the rail by keying.   10. Prefabricated assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that the low rail constituting the receiving base of the posts and surrounding the periphery of the construction provides a vertical face whose base rests at the ground or the plane of support and the upper edge initiates a return of squares towards the interior of the construction to extend by the horizontal face forming the base plate of the posts, and   the low rail thus constitutes a formwork lost for the reception   pouring of reinforced concrete on the floor of the interior   so-called smooth to form a slab or screed constituting   monolithic foundation for construction.   11. The prefabricated assembly according to claim 9, further characterized in that the poles comprise at their apex a   platen male keying and having at least one and pre-   two low-cut tenons for receiving a female plate by skew and provided for this purpose with lights provided on a high smooth joining the posts and overhanging the low rail surrounded by the upper part of the periphery of the construction and ensuring the securing of the posts, the smooth, low, smooth and high ensemble forming a peripheral colonnade.   12.- prefabricated assembly according to one of claims 8 to 11,   above, further characterized in that it comprises prefabricated trusses, said trusses having a female keying plate on a fixed base of the entrance to the right of the support of the latter on the load-bearing wall, said plate provided of plug-in lights on the tenons of the matt platinum surmounting the corresponding support post and on which are successively inserted the lights of the support plate of the upper arm and the lights of the support plate on   said farm, all being adapted to be secured by keying.   13.-prefabricated assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that the farm comprises consoles support breakdowns said consoles having at least one and preferably   two keying pins the fault comprising lights em-   pins on said tenons and able to be keyed on   the console with the interposition of a counterplate.