EP1784544A1 - Load-bearing structure for buildings and method for construction of a load-bearing structure - Google Patents

Load-bearing structure for buildings and method for construction of a load-bearing structure

Info

Publication number
EP1784544A1
EP1784544A1 EP05785756A EP05785756A EP1784544A1 EP 1784544 A1 EP1784544 A1 EP 1784544A1 EP 05785756 A EP05785756 A EP 05785756A EP 05785756 A EP05785756 A EP 05785756A EP 1784544 A1 EP1784544 A1 EP 1784544A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
floor
building
uprights
crossbar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05785756A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
M Jacques Riguelle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP05785756A priority Critical patent/EP1784544A1/en
Publication of EP1784544A1 publication Critical patent/EP1784544A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E04B5/40—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element with metal form-slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2448—Connections between open section profiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2463—Connections to foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2481—Details of wall panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2484—Details of floor panels or slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/249—Structures with a sloping roof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a load-bearing structure for buildings including at least a first bearing wall.
  • This wall comprises supporting metal uprights, a height greater than a height of a building level of the building and distributed over the length of the first wall, their number depending on this length and at least one metal crossbar capable of supporting a floor.
  • the invention also relates to a method of constructing a load-bearing structure of a building and a building including such a bearing structure.
  • the French patent FR 2,529,599 describes a method of building a multi-storey building in which is provided at each corner of the building a vertical post for taking up loads sporadically and extending to a corresponding height at two levels. dwelling. Each post is then anchored by bolting to a concrete base cast in the ground. Between two posts of each of the front and rear facades is fixed a large beam intended to transfer the loads of the floors to the corner posts and to allow the longitudinal bracing. The beam also serves as a load-bearing beam for a floor, given its large dimensions.
  • this system requires the use of posts and concrete bases whose dimensions grow with the size of the floors and / or the building.
  • European patent 0 070 962 describes a building that can be mounted from prefabricated elements, comprising a supporting frame consisting of profiled elements connected together.
  • a supporting frame consisting of profiled elements connected together.
  • vertical columns with C-profile are bolted at their lower and upper ends to horizontal profile bars of U-shaped cross-section.
  • floor, profiled ceiling bars extend from one wall to another of the house and are bolted, at each of their ends, to a vertical carrier pole.
  • the frame consists of posts, horizontal profiled bars and ceiling linked by fasteners that can be likened to patella type fasteners.
  • the horizontal forces on the frame can also cause buckling phenomena at the vertical poles.
  • the frame uses a stable angle configuration for the walls carrying frames joining at right angles.
  • the European patent EP 0 698 700 describes a method of building a multi-storey car park comprising rows of vertical posts and base elements or floor modules, which rest between the vertical posts of each row.
  • the basic elements consist of two beams and a cast concrete slab with beams. The beams extend from one wall to another of the building and are fixed at each end to a vertical post.
  • This prior art has a particular application (parking and vehicle circulation), where the basic principle consists in subdividing the total load of the floor into different load units, each unit of load being supported by four vertical posts. This building construction process is relatively expensive in raw material and labor.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a carrier structure system which overcomes the aforementioned problems of the prior art.
  • the carrier structure according to the invention is characterized in that the first wall of the support structure comprises a first cross member, able to support substantially all the load of the floor and secured transversely to the support posts of the wall, between the distal ends of these amounts.
  • Such a structure is inexpensive and easy to achieve in that the floor is supported by a load-bearing wall comprising few constituent elements, namely a set of support posts and a cross member secured transversely to these amounts. Furthermore, the cross member, secured transversely to the wall posts between the distal ends of these amounts, ensures a better stability of the walls of the wall relative to each other.
  • Another advantage of the structure is that it offers a high performance tolerance. It makes it possible to make load-bearing walls having almost perfect straightness, thus facilitating the connection of elements for the floor or for the roof for example.
  • Another advantage of the support structure according to the invention is that the supporting columns of a wall are distributed over the length of the wall, the number depending on this length.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to provide a structure having good wind stability.
  • the carrier structure according to the invention is characterized in that the first cross member is adapted to support a reinforced concrete floor having a metal reinforcement and in that the floor reinforcement elements are fixed to the first cross member.
  • the reinforcing elements fixed to the cross member act as means of anchoring the slab to the uprights carriers and allow to transmit horizontal forces, via the floors, thus giving overall stability of the building.
  • the carrier structure according to the invention comprises a second bearing wall comprising metal uprights distributed over the wall length, their number depending on this length and a metal cross member secured transversely to the support posts of the second wall.
  • the second cross is suitable, with the first cross, to support the reinforced concrete floor.
  • the amounts of the second wall are arranged on a height greater than a height of a dwelling level of the building.
  • the crossbar is secured between the distal ends of the amounts of the second wall.
  • Such a load-bearing structure also makes it possible to produce non-standard and non-rectangular floor sizes and shapes, especially since the concrete slab is cast in situ.
  • the floor reinforcement elements are fixed to the second cross member.
  • the reinforced concrete floor is perfectly attached to the load-bearing walls.
  • the assembly consisting of uprights, crosspieces and concrete floor with its armature is thus a monobloc composite structure that prevents the movement of these different elements relative to each other.
  • Such a structure has a very good overall stability while ensuring bracing.
  • the reinforcing elements fixed to a cross member are foldable concrete bars comprising a portion fixed to the cross member.
  • the reinforcing elements are able to be folded and secured to the reinforcement of the concrete floor.
  • the amounts are arranged at regular intervals, with a pitch less than or equal to 2 meters. More preferably, the space between each amount is substantially equal to 0.6 meters.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a load-bearing structure in which ducts and / or ducts can be passed from one level of dwelling to another level of dwelling of the building.
  • a preferred version of the support structure is characterized in that at least one cross member is fixed on the face of the uprights of a wall so as to be directed towards the building interior.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a load-bearing structure whose construction costs are competitive with respect to the traditional construction.
  • the uprights and the cross members have sections of simple shape, for example C and L respectively.
  • the uprights and crosspieces are obtained by folding sheet metal with a thickness of less than or equal to 4 mm.
  • the sheets Preferably, the sheets have a thickness of about 2 mm.
  • a lost formwork collaborating with the floor rests on at least one of the first and second crosspieces.
  • the lost formwork collaborating with the floor consists of a ribbed sheet. The floor frame rests on the collaborating lost formwork.
  • An additional advantage of this structure is that it can also be used for the construction of non-load bearing walls, such as building side façades whose structural function is to play the role of wall distribution of horizontal forces.
  • This provides a structure that can meet various needs.
  • the first and / or second wall comprises a metal section substantially U-shaped, able to connect the uprights at their upper end.
  • the head section can thus play the role of a carrier element for elements constituting a roof, such as a sand pit or a fault or ridge.
  • the first and / or second wall further comprises a metal support section substantially U-shaped to connect the uprights at their lower end.
  • the metal support section may be secured to foundations, for example reinforced concrete, and thus serve as a support for the amounts to which it is attached. Thanks to these embodiments, there is thus a carrier structure ideally linked from the foundations to the roof, thus providing great stability to the entire building.
  • insulating or non-insulating panels acting as bracing are attached to the uprights.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a building comprising at least one supporting structure according to the invention.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for constructing a stable carrier structure that is simple to implement, flexible from the point of view of design and economic.
  • the method of constructing a load bearing structure for a multi-storey building comprises the step of erecting, on foundations, at least a first bearing wall comprising carrying metal uprights, of a height greater than one height of a dwelling level of the building and distributed over the length of the first wall, their number depending on this length and at least a first metal crosspiece capable of supporting a floor and to carry substantially all the load.
  • the first cross member is secured transversely to the carrier posts of the first wall, between the distal ends of these amounts.
  • This mode of construction is particularly advantageous because it also saves time and manpower.
  • the number of constituent elements is indeed less compared to an equivalent construction knowing that one uses a cross to support the floor at a wall.
  • the construction method according to the invention comprises the following operations: - arranging, on the first crossmember, a metal reinforcement of the floor,
  • the construction method comprises the step consisting in erecting, on foundations, at least a second bearing wall comprising carrying metallic uprights, distributed along the length of the second wall, their dependent number. of this length and comprising at least one second metal cross member secured transversely to the support posts of the second wall, the second cross member being adapted to support, with the first cross member, the reinforced concrete floor.
  • the operation of arranging on the first through the metal frame of the floor comprises the operation of arranging the metal frame on the second cross.
  • the step of joining these reinforcing elements fixed to a crosspiece comprises a step of folding these reinforcing elements towards the floor frame.
  • the joining of the reinforced concrete floor to the supporting structure is particularly easy to implement.
  • the method comprises a prior step of securing to a metal support section, the metal uprights at their base.
  • the support metal section preferably has a substantially U-shaped section comprising a base and two wings, the wings being oriented upwards.
  • the amounts are attached to the support profiles including welding, bolting or other means.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly easy to implement because the constituent elements of the load-bearing walls can be designed in the workshop before being brought to the site. Thus, it is possible to prefabricate the foundations, to make the U-shaped support profiles, the uprights and sleepers by putting them to an adequate size. Similarly, the joining of the reinforcing elements of the concrete floor to the sleepers can be performed in the workshop. On the site, we can then erect the carrier structure according to the invention, for example by means of a hoisting machine.
  • This preferred embodiment of construction is also advantageous from the point of view of costs because it also saves time and manpower.
  • the invention also relates to a building comprising at least one support structure obtained by a method according to the invention.
  • Fig.l is a perspective representation of an exemplary embodiment of the carrier structure according to the invention.
  • Fig.2 is a perspective view at different stages of a crossbar secured to the supporting columns of a wall, supporting a concrete floor, and to which are fixed concrete bars.
  • Fig.3 is a perspective view of a dwelling whose walls and side walls are made by means of the supporting structure according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of the dwelling of FIG. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a pinion and a side elevation of the dwelling of FIG. 3.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an angle of the dwelling of FIG. 3.
  • Fig.7 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a load-bearing structure comprising two load-bearing walls and a reinforced concrete floor.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the supporting structure comprising a load-bearing wall according to the invention.
  • the load-bearing wall comprises supporting metallic uprights 2, of substantially C-section, and a metal crosspiece 4, of substantially L-shaped cross-section, connected transversely to the support posts 2 of the wall between their distal ends.
  • the crosspiece 4 supports a floor 32 shown in dotted lines for reasons of legibility of the figure.
  • the shaft of the cross member 4 is secured, by welding or by any other means well known to those skilled in the art, to one face of each upright 2 of the wall, the face being directed towards the interior of the building.
  • metal uprights 2 may also have a closed section.
  • the assembly formed by the uprights 2, the crossbar 4 and the floor 32 rests on foundations via a metal support section 6 section for example substantially U.
  • the support section 6 is supported on a foundation consisting of a beam in reinforced concrete 8 resting on a base of lean concrete sub-foundation 10.
  • the metal uprights 2 are inserted into the groove of the corresponding support section 6 and fixed at its base.
  • a head section 12 for example of substantially U-section, is inserted and secured, for example by bolting, to the upper end of the uprights 2 of a wall.
  • Such a load-bearing wall is extremely stable because the metal uprights 2 are wedged and fixed at their ends between the foundations and the roof.
  • the amounts 2 are evenly spaced or not, but preferably regularly a distance of less than or equal to 2 meters.
  • the distance between each amount 2 is advantageously chosen substantially equal to 0.6 meters.
  • a vertical bracing panel may be attached to the uprights 2.
  • the panel is connected, for example by bolting, welding or by any other known means, on the wings of two uprights. successive.
  • An advantage of the structure according to the invention is that it is possible to use the technical space provided between the uprights 2 of the wall for passing ducts 14 or vertical ducts 16 extending continuously from a level of dwelling to another level of dwelling.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a particular embodiment of a bearing wall supporting a reinforced concrete floor.
  • the wall comprises carrying metal uprights 2 interconnected by a metal crosspiece 4 of section L.
  • the crossbar (4) is fixed transversely to the uprights (2) between their distal ends.
  • a ribbed plate 18 is disposed on the cross member 4 and serves as a formwork lost collaborating with a concrete floor 32.
  • the plate 18 can be fixed to the cross by bolting or by any other means.
  • provisional stanchions (not shown) are fixed which support the sheet 18 and take up part of the clean load of the concrete before curing.
  • concrete bars 20, foldable horizontally, are fixed on the crossbar 4. The joining of these bars 20 may advantageously be performed in the workshop.
  • the concrete bars 20 are folded down and then secured to a metal frame, for example a lattice reinforcement 21 previously placed on the sheet 18; a reinforced concrete floor is thus obtained which is perfectly integral with the load-bearing wall, which makes it possible to obtain an extremely stable load-bearing structure.
  • the concrete bars 20 fixed to the cross members 4 act as means for anchoring the slab to the support posts 2 and allow the horizontal load transfers to which the uprights 2 are subjected.
  • the reinforcement of the concrete floor comprises a collaborating ribbed sheet which serves as a lost formwork, a lower reinforcement of the concrete slab, and optionally a complementary longitudinal reinforcement disposed in the ribs.
  • the frame of the floor may also comprise reinforcements, preferably U-shaped pins, placed in the hollow ribs of the collaborating sheet at the supports of the sheet, that is to say at the cross. These frames allow to transmit the vertical forces to the sleepers.
  • the reinforcement of the concrete floor comprises concrete bars folded and welded to the sleepers, especially used to bond the concrete to the sleepers and to transmit the grazing efforts due to the wind.
  • the floor frame may also include an upper lattice.
  • This mesh can on the one hand act as a secondary reinforcement to mainly limit the cracking due to shrinkage of the concrete and this especially in the case where the floor would be subjected to vertical forces.
  • the upper trellis may constitute an additional main reinforcement, in the case where the concrete floor is presented as part of a stabilizing gantry.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a load-bearing structure comprising two load-bearing walls and a reinforced concrete floor.
  • the structure comprises a first wall 71 and a second bearing wall 72, as described in FIG. 1.
  • Each bearing wall 71, 72 thus consists of a set of carrying metal uprights 2 of substantially C-section, each wall 71, 72 being interconnected by a crosspiece 4 metal.
  • the sleepers 4 support a floor 32 made of reinforced concrete, according to the embodiment described in FIG. 2.
  • the assembly constituted by the concrete floor 32 with its reinforcement 21 and by the two load-bearing walls 71, 72 each comprising bearing posts 2 and a cross member 4 constitutes a monobloc composite structure which prevents the movement of these different elements relative to each other.
  • the concrete bars 20 fixed to the cross members 4 allow the transfer of horizontal forces to which some of the uprights 2 are subjected, via the concrete floor 32, to the other uprights 2.
  • the concrete slab directly poured on the structure absorbs part of the stresses transferred via the frame 21 of the floor 32.
  • the buckling length of the uprights 2 is greatly reduced (that is to say less than the height of a floor), although the amounts 2 go up on at least two levels of the building.
  • This structure has the advantage of providing a greater bearing capacity for the same section of an amount or of using amounts of smaller section for the same load.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view with a view from above of an example of a building 22 made with a support structure according to the invention.
  • Building 22 consists of three modules.
  • the building comprises two gable walls 24, 26 and two shear walls 28, 30, each made by aligning a plurality of carrying metal uprights 2 and resting on a concrete foundation 10.
  • Building 22 comprises three levels of housing, namely, a ground floor, a first floor and the attic.
  • the concrete floor 32 of the first stage of the first module is secured to the gable wall 24 and to the wall of the partition 28.
  • the concrete floor 34 of the first stage of the second module is secured to the slitting walls 28 and 30.
  • the concrete floor 36 of the first stage of the third module is secured to the slotted wall 30 and to the gable wall 26.
  • the non-peripheral support posts 2 of the walls 24, 26, 28, 30 support, via a crossmember 38, ribs 40 forming the attic of the building 22.
  • the supporting structure consists of two load-bearing walls (24, 26, 28, 30) connected by a Concrete floor (32, 34, 36) is a stabilizing gantry and also transmits the forces via the floors (32, 34, 36) to the sloping walls perpendicular to the load-bearing walls (24,26,28,30) . It is understood that it is then necessary that these walls of splitting be rigid in their plan.
  • the bracing of these walls can be done using wooden or metal panels, or crosses St. Andrew.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of the dwelling of FIG. 3.
  • the first module is delimited by the pinion wall 24, the wall of slit 28 and the facades 50, 51.
  • the framework of the pinion wall 24, resting on concrete foundations, is made by aligning a plurality of metal uprights 2, section substantially in C, regularly spaced and interconnected by a cross 4 located at the first floor.
  • the central amount 42 is constituted by the assembly of two uprights 2 secured back to back at their shaft.
  • each end forming the framework is placed so that their backs close the framework, in order to make the corner connection, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the second bearing wall of the first module corresponds to the wall of slit 28 placed vis-à-vis the wall pinion 24.
  • the frame of the wall 28 is made by aligning double uprights 2 regularly spaced and connected by a cross member 4.
  • the side walls 44, 46 are also erected by aligning uprights 2 regularly spaced and bonded to each other by a cross member 4 at the level of the first floor. These facade walls 44, 46 rest on a concrete base 48 extending between the gable wall 24 and the wall of the partition 28.
  • All four walls 24, 28, 44, 46 support the reinforced concrete floor 32.
  • the second module is delimited by the slit walls 28, 30 and the facades 50, 51.
  • the framework of the load-bearing walls 28, 30 is constituted by double uprights connected by a cross-member 4 to which the concrete floor 34 is fastened.
  • the double amounts consist of the association of two uprights.
  • the frame of the side walls 50, 51 is itself constituted by simple uprights 2 connected by a cross member 4 resting on a U-shaped section fixed on a concrete crossbar, as already described for the first module.
  • An opening is reserved in the floor 34 to leave a passage for a staircase 55 communicating between the ground floor and the first floor of the building.
  • the third module is delimited by the wall
  • the assembly supports a concrete floor 36.
  • the constituent elements of the framework of the third module and correspond to those of the first module.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the dwelling of FIG. 3 which shows the gable wall 26 and part of the side façade 53 at different stages of completion.
  • the gable wall 26 was built on a foundation comprising a concrete beam 8 resting on a sub-foundation base for example of lean concrete 10. Passages for ducts or pipes are provided in the foundation.
  • the frame of the sprocket wall 26 is formed by regularly spaced carrying posts 2, resting on the foundation by means of a support profile 6 to which said uprights 2 are bolted. Some peripheral amounts 2 extend only on two levels (the ground floor and the first floor) while the other amounts 2 are spread over three levels, the third level constituting the attic. All amounts 2 of the wall pinion 26 are connected to the height of the first floor by a cross member 4 on which are supported joists 54 supporting a wooden floor 36.
  • the non-peripheral amounts 2 go up to the third level and are connected by a second cross member 38 acting as a support for a farm entry.
  • the upper ends of the uprights 2 forming the slopes of the farm are surmounted by a head section
  • the framework of the lateral facade 53 is constituted by a series of uprights 2 spread over two levels of housing.
  • the uprights 2 rest on a support section 6 fixed to a concrete beam whose two ends rest on the foundations of the gable wall 26 and the wall 30.
  • the uprights 2 are covered by panels 62 which enhance the stability of the building by acting as bracing. These panels can be insulating, thus protecting the home from the effects of the variation of the outside temperature.
  • the panels 62 are masked by a wall cladding 64, in the case shown, a brick wall.
  • the upper end of the uprights 2 forming the framework of the lateral facade 53 is also covered by a substantially U-shaped section head section 12, going from the sprocket wall 26 to the wall of the partition 30.
  • the base of the profile U supports a roof plate 66.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the angle formed by the sprocket wall 26 and the side wall 53.
  • the upright 68 located at the end of the frame forming the sprocket wall 26, is secured to the amount 70 disposed at the end of the frame forming the side wall 53.
  • the posts 68, 70 are arranged so that the wing of the upright 70 rests against the back of the upright 68, the two uprights 68, 70 being fixed to each other for example, by bolting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a load-bearing structure for a building (22) including at least one supporting wall. The first supporting wall comprises supporting metal stanchions (2), of a height greater than the height of the inhabited level of the building and distributed along the length of the first wall. The number of stanchions depends on said length. The supporting wall also comprises at least one first metal cross-beam (4) for supporting a floor (32, 34, 36) and to essentially support the entire weight. The first cross-beam (4) is fixed transversely to the supporting stanchions (2) of the first wall, between the distal ends of said stanchions (2). The invention further relates to a method for production of a load-bearing structure and a building comprising such a structure.

Description

l'the
Structure porteuse pour bâtiment et procédé de construction d'une structure porteuse.Supporting structure for building and method of constructing a supporting structure
Domaine de inventionField of invention
L'invention se rapporte à une structure porteuse pour bâtiment incluant au moins un premier mur porteur. Ce mur comprend des montants métalliques porteurs, d'une hauteur supérieure à une hauteur d'un niveau d'habitation du bâtiment et répartis sur la longueur du premier mur, leur nombre dépendant de cette longueur et au moins une traverse métallique apte à soutenir un plancher.The invention relates to a load-bearing structure for buildings including at least a first bearing wall. This wall comprises supporting metal uprights, a height greater than a height of a building level of the building and distributed over the length of the first wall, their number depending on this length and at least one metal crossbar capable of supporting a floor.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de construction d'une structure porteuse d'un bâtiment et un bâtiment incluant une telle structure porteuse.The invention also relates to a method of constructing a load-bearing structure of a building and a building including such a bearing structure.
État de la techniqueState of the art
On connaît dans l'art antérieur des systèmes faisant usage de colonnes et poutres de fortes sections nécessaires à la reprise de charges ponctuelles.In the prior art are known systems making use of columns and beams of large sections necessary for the recovery of point loads.
Par exemple le brevet français FR 2 529 599 décrit un procédé de construction de bâtiment à étages dans lequel on dispose à chaque angle du bâtiment un poteau vertical destiné à reprendre les charges de façon ponctuelle et s'étendant sur une hauteur correspondante à deux niveaux d'habitation. Chaque poteau est alors ancré par boulonnage à un socle en béton coulé dans le sol. On fixe entre deux poteaux de chacune des façades avant et arrière, une poutre importante destinée à reporter les charges des planchers aux poteaux d'angle et à autoriser le contreventement longitudinale. La poutre fait également office de poutre porteuse pour un plancher, étant donné ses dimensions importantes. Cependant ce système nécessite de mettre en œuvre des poteaux et des socles en béton dont les dimensions croissent avec la taille des planchers et/ou du bâtiment.For example, the French patent FR 2,529,599 describes a method of building a multi-storey building in which is provided at each corner of the building a vertical post for taking up loads sporadically and extending to a corresponding height at two levels. dwelling. Each post is then anchored by bolting to a concrete base cast in the ground. Between two posts of each of the front and rear facades is fixed a large beam intended to transfer the loads of the floors to the corner posts and to allow the longitudinal bracing. The beam also serves as a load-bearing beam for a floor, given its large dimensions. However, this system requires the use of posts and concrete bases whose dimensions grow with the size of the floors and / or the building.
Outre la quantité importante d'acier mis en œuvre, un autre désavantage de cet art antérieur est qu' il présente un défaut de souplesse en terme de créativité, notamment pour un architecte. En effet, un architecte voulant concevoir un bâtiment en implémentant ce système connu est contraint de respecter les règles restrictives du système (par exemple poids et manutention, coût lié au poids de l'acier, épaisseur des profilés destinés à contenir dans les planchers ou parois) , et de respecter des gabarits prédéterminés, ce qui implique que les bâtiments érigés ont pratiquement tous la même géométrie.In addition to the large amount of steel used, another disadvantage of this prior art is that it has a lack of flexibility in terms of creativity, especially for an architect. In fact, an architect who wants to design a building by implementing this known system is obliged to respect the restrictive rules of the system (for example weight and handling, cost related to the weight of the steel, thickness of the profiles intended to contain in the floors or walls ), and to respect predetermined templates, which implies that erected buildings have almost all the same geometry.
Le brevet européen 0 070 962, quant à lui, décrit un bâtiment pouvant être monté à partir d'éléments préfabriqués, comportant une ossature porteuse constituée d'éléments profilés reliés ensemble. Pour former l'ossature des murs extérieurs et des murs porteurs, des poteaux verticaux porteurs à profil en C sont boulonnés, à leurs extrémités inférieures et supérieures, à des barres profilées horizontales de section transversale en U. Pour former l'ossature du plafond d'étage, des barres profilées de plafond s'étendent d'un mur à l'autre de la maison et sont boulonnées, à chacune de leurs extrémités, à un poteau vertical porteur.European patent 0 070 962, meanwhile, describes a building that can be mounted from prefabricated elements, comprising a supporting frame consisting of profiled elements connected together. To form the framework of the outer walls and the load-bearing walls, vertical columns with C-profile are bolted at their lower and upper ends to horizontal profile bars of U-shaped cross-section. floor, profiled ceiling bars extend from one wall to another of the house and are bolted, at each of their ends, to a vertical carrier pole.
Cependant une telle ossature nécessite de mettre en œuvre un nombre important de barres profilées de plafond, ce qui la rend plus chère à réaliser en ce sens qu'elle nécessite plus de montage, de main-d'œuvre et de matière première. Par ailleurs une telle ossature porteuse ne garantit pas non plus la stabilité du bâtiment. En effet, l'ossature est constituée de poteaux, barres profilées horizontales et de plafond liés par des fixations qui peuvent être assimilées à des fixations de type rotule. En conséquence, une telle ossature résiste mal aux efforts horizontaux, par exemple dus au vent, ceux-ci pouvant faire pencher l'édifice entier par rapport à la verticale. D'autre part, les efforts horizontaux sur l'ossature peuvent également entraîner des phénomènes de flambage au niveau des poteaux verticaux. Dans le cas présent, pour assurer la stabilité d'un tel ensemble et contreventer l'ossature, il est fait appel à une configuration d'angle stable pour les ossatures porteuses de murs se rejoignant à angle droit.However, such a framework requires the implementation of a large number of profiled ceiling bars, which makes it more expensive to achieve in that it requires more assembly, labor and raw material. Furthermore, such a supporting structure does not guarantee the stability of the building either. Indeed, the frame consists of posts, horizontal profiled bars and ceiling linked by fasteners that can be likened to patella type fasteners. As a result, such a frame does not withstand horizontal forces, for example due to the wind, they can tilt the entire building from the vertical. On the other hand, the horizontal forces on the frame can also cause buckling phenomena at the vertical poles. In the present case, to ensure the stability of such an assembly and contraband the frame, it uses a stable angle configuration for the walls carrying frames joining at right angles.
Enfin, le brevet européen EP 0 698 700 décrit un procédé de construction de bâtiment à étages à usage de parking comprenant des rangées de poteaux verticaux et des éléments de base ou modules de plancher, qui reposent entre les poteaux verticaux de chaque rangée. Les éléments de base sont constitués de deux poutres et d'une dalle en béton coulée avec les poutres. Les poutres s'étendent d'un mur à l'autre du bâtiment et sont fixés, à chacune de leur extrémité, à un poteau vertical.Finally, the European patent EP 0 698 700 describes a method of building a multi-storey car park comprising rows of vertical posts and base elements or floor modules, which rest between the vertical posts of each row. The basic elements consist of two beams and a cast concrete slab with beams. The beams extend from one wall to another of the building and are fixed at each end to a vertical post.
Cet art antérieur présente une application particulière (parking et circulation de véhicule) , où le principe de base consiste à subdiviser la totalité de la charge du plancher en différentes unités de charge, chaque unité de charge étant supportée par quatres poteaux verticaux. Ce procédé de construction de bâtiment est relativement cher en matière première et en main d'œuvre.This prior art has a particular application (parking and vehicle circulation), where the basic principle consists in subdividing the total load of the floor into different load units, each unit of load being supported by four vertical posts. This building construction process is relatively expensive in raw material and labor.
Il requiert en effet un grand nombre de poutres horizontales à forte section. De plus, le hissage des modules lourds sur les poteaux verticaux est une opération délicate, difficile et également coûteuse, et ce en raison du système qui fait usage d'une structure de colonnes, poutres et dalles de forte section. Par ailleurs cet art antérieur ne résout pas le problème du contreventement du bâtiment ainsi conçu.It requires a large number of horizontal beams with a large section. In addition, the hoisting of heavy modules on vertical columns is a delicate operation, difficult and also expensive, and because of the system that makes use of a structure of columns, beams and slabs of large section. Moreover, this prior art does not solve the problem of the bracing of the building thus designed.
Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention
Un but de l'invention est de fournir un système de structure porteuse qui remédie aux problèmes précités de l'art antérieur.An object of the invention is to provide a carrier structure system which overcomes the aforementioned problems of the prior art.
A cette fin, la structure porteuse selon l'invention est caractérisée en ce que le premier mur de la structure porteuse comporte une première traverse, apte à supporter essentiellement toute la charge du plancher et solidarisée transversalement aux montants porteurs du mur, entre les extrémités distales de ces montants.To this end, the carrier structure according to the invention is characterized in that the first wall of the support structure comprises a first cross member, able to support substantially all the load of the floor and secured transversely to the support posts of the wall, between the distal ends of these amounts.
Une telle structure est peu coûteuse et facile à réaliser en ce sens que le plancher est soutenue par un mur porteur comprenant peu d'éléments constitutifs, à savoir un ensemble de montants porteurs et une traverse solidarisée transversalement à ces montants. Par ailleurs, la traverse, solidarisée transversalement aux montants du mur entre les extrémités distales de ces montants, assure une meilleure stabilité des montants du mur les uns par rapport aux autres . Un autre avantage de la structure est qu'elle offre une grande tolérance d'exécution. Elle permet en effet de réaliser des murs porteurs possédant une rectitude quasi- parfaite, facilitant ainsi le raccordement d'éléments pour le plancher ou pour la toiture par exemple.Such a structure is inexpensive and easy to achieve in that the floor is supported by a load-bearing wall comprising few constituent elements, namely a set of support posts and a cross member secured transversely to these amounts. Furthermore, the cross member, secured transversely to the wall posts between the distal ends of these amounts, ensures a better stability of the walls of the wall relative to each other. Another advantage of the structure is that it offers a high performance tolerance. It makes it possible to make load-bearing walls having almost perfect straightness, thus facilitating the connection of elements for the floor or for the roof for example.
Un autre avantage de la structure porteuse selon l'invention est que les montants porteurs d'un mur sont répartis sur la longueur du mur, leur nombre dépendant de cette longueur.Another advantage of the support structure according to the invention is that the supporting columns of a wall are distributed over the length of the wall, the number depending on this length.
Ainsi il n'est pas nécessaire de mettre en œuvre des montants dont la dimension doit croître avec celle du plancher à supporter. On est donc en présence d'un mur porteur où la charge est répartie sur l'ensemble des montants. Grâce au système selon l'invention, afin de soutenir des murs et des planchers de grandes dimensions, on utilisera alors des montants standardisés dont le nombre sera choisi en fonction de la charge.Thus it is not necessary to implement amounts whose size must grow with that of the floor to support. We are therefore in the presence of a load-bearing wall where the load is distributed over all the amounts. With the system according to the invention, in order to support walls and floors of large dimensions, then use standardized amounts whose number will be chosen according to the load.
Par ailleurs, une telle structure offre une grande flexibilité de conception car l'homme du métier peut à volonté agrandir le bâtiment. Il lui suffira de prolonger le mur porteur par ajout en enfilade d'autres montants porteurs à côté de ceux déjà installés.Moreover, such a structure offers a great flexibility of design because the skilled person can at will enlarge the building. It will suffice to extend the load-bearing wall by adding in line other bearing posts next to those already installed.
Un des buts de l'invention est de fournir une structure possédant une bonne stabilité au vent.One of the aims of the invention is to provide a structure having good wind stability.
A cette fin, la structure porteuse selon l'invention est caractérisée en ce que la première traverse est apte à soutenir un plancher en béton armé comportant une armature métallique et en ce que des éléments d'armature du plancher sont fixés à la première traverse.To this end, the carrier structure according to the invention is characterized in that the first cross member is adapted to support a reinforced concrete floor having a metal reinforcement and in that the floor reinforcement elements are fixed to the first cross member.
Les éléments d'armature fixés à la traverse agissent comme des moyens d'ancrage de la dalle aux montants porteurs et permettent de transmettre des efforts horizontaux, via les planchers, conférant ainsi une stabilité d'ensemble du bâtiment.The reinforcing elements fixed to the cross member act as means of anchoring the slab to the uprights carriers and allow to transmit horizontal forces, via the floors, thus giving overall stability of the building.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, la structure porteuse selon l'invention comporte un deuxième mur porteur comportant des montants métalliques répartis sur la longueur de mur, leur nombre dépendant de cette longueur et une traverse métallique solidarisée transversalement aux montants porteurs du deuxième mur. La deuxième traverse est apte, avec la première traverse, à soutenir le plancher en béton armé.According to a preferred embodiment, the carrier structure according to the invention comprises a second bearing wall comprising metal uprights distributed over the wall length, their number depending on this length and a metal cross member secured transversely to the support posts of the second wall. The second cross is suitable, with the first cross, to support the reinforced concrete floor.
Selon un mode particulier de l'invention, les montants du deuxième mur sont disposés sur une hauteur supérieure à une hauteur d'un niveau d'habitation du bâtiment. La traverse est solidarisée entre les extrémités distales des montants du deuxième mur.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the amounts of the second wall are arranged on a height greater than a height of a dwelling level of the building. The crossbar is secured between the distal ends of the amounts of the second wall.
Une telle structure porteuse permet également de réaliser des planchers de tailles et formes non standardisées notamment non rectangulaires, d'autant que la dalle de béton est coulée in situ.Such a load-bearing structure also makes it possible to produce non-standard and non-rectangular floor sizes and shapes, especially since the concrete slab is cast in situ.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les éléments d'armature du plancher sont fixés à la deuxième traverse.According to a preferred embodiment, the floor reinforcement elements are fixed to the second cross member.
Le plancher en béton armé est ainsi parfaitement solidaire des murs porteurs. L'ensemble constitué des montants, des traverses et du plancher en béton avec son armature constitue ainsi une structure composite monobloc qui empêche le mouvement de ces différents éléments, les uns par rapport aux autres. Une telle structure présente une très bonne stabilité d'ensemble tout en assurant son contreventement. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les éléments d'armature fixés à une traverse sont des barres à bétons pliables comprenant une portion fixée à la traverse.The reinforced concrete floor is perfectly attached to the load-bearing walls. The assembly consisting of uprights, crosspieces and concrete floor with its armature is thus a monobloc composite structure that prevents the movement of these different elements relative to each other. Such a structure has a very good overall stability while ensuring bracing. According to a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing elements fixed to a cross member are foldable concrete bars comprising a portion fixed to the cross member.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les éléments d'armature sont aptes à être rabattus et solidarisés à l'armature du plancher en béton.According to a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing elements are able to be folded and secured to the reinforcement of the concrete floor.
De manière avantageuse, les montants sont disposés à intervalle régulier, d'un pas inférieur ou égal à 2 mètres. De façon encore préférée, l'espace entre chaque montant est substantiellement égal à 0,6 mètre.Advantageously, the amounts are arranged at regular intervals, with a pitch less than or equal to 2 meters. More preferably, the space between each amount is substantially equal to 0.6 meters.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer une structure porteuse dans lequel on peut faire passer des canalisations et/ou gaines techniques d'un niveau d'habitation à un autre niveau d'habitation du bâtiment.Another object of the invention is to provide a load-bearing structure in which ducts and / or ducts can be passed from one level of dwelling to another level of dwelling of the building.
A cette fin, une version préférée de la structure porteuse est caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une traverse est fixée sur la face des montants d'un mur de sorte à être dirigée vers l'intérieur de bâtiment.To this end, a preferred version of the support structure is characterized in that at least one cross member is fixed on the face of the uprights of a wall so as to be directed towards the building interior.
Grâce à cette disposition de la traverse, on crée un espace technique entre les montants d'un mur, qui s'étend de manière continue d'un niveau d'habitation à un autre niveau d'habitation du bâtiment. Dans cet espace on peut alors facilement faire passer des canalisations ou des gaines techniques verticales. Il n'est plus nécessaire de faire des découpes dans le plancher ou de prévoir des coffrages afin de masquer ces éléments verticaux peu esthétiques. Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser une structure porteuse dont les coûts de construction sont compétitifs par rapport à la construction traditionnelle.With this arrangement of the transom, a technical space is created between the uprights of a wall, which extends continuously from one level of housing to another level of dwelling of the building. In this space, it is then easy to pass pipes or vertical ducts. It is no longer necessary to make cuts in the floor or to provide forms to hide these vertical elements unattractive. Another object of the invention is to provide a load-bearing structure whose construction costs are competitive with respect to the traditional construction.
Ce but est atteint en réalisant des montants et des traverses en tôle pliée. Par ailleurs, les montants et les traverses ont des sections de forme simple, par exemple en C et en L respectivement.This goal is achieved by making uprights and crosspieces folded sheet. Moreover, the uprights and the cross members have sections of simple shape, for example C and L respectively.
Dans un mode d'exécution préférée de l'invention, les montants et les traverses sont obtenus par pliage de tôle d'épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 4 mm. De manière préférée, les tôles ont une épaisseur d'environ 2 mm.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the uprights and crosspieces are obtained by folding sheet metal with a thickness of less than or equal to 4 mm. Preferably, the sheets have a thickness of about 2 mm.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, un coffrage perdu collaborant avec le plancher repose sur au moins une des première et deuxième traverses. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le coffrage perdu collaborant avec le plancher est constitué d'une tôle nervurée. L'armature du plancher repose sur le coffrage perdu collaborant.In a particular embodiment of the invention, a lost formwork collaborating with the floor rests on at least one of the first and second crosspieces. In a particular embodiment, the lost formwork collaborating with the floor consists of a ribbed sheet. The floor frame rests on the collaborating lost formwork.
Un avantage supplémentaire de cette structure est qu'elle peut également être employée pour l'édification de murs non-porteurs, telle que des façades latérales de bâtiment dont la fonction structurelle est de jouer le rôle de mur de répartition des efforts horizontaux.An additional advantage of this structure is that it can also be used for the construction of non-load bearing walls, such as building side façades whose structural function is to play the role of wall distribution of horizontal forces.
On dispose ainsi d'une structure qui peut satisfaire divers besoins.This provides a structure that can meet various needs.
Dans une forme de réalisation avantageuse, le premier et/ou deuxième mur comprend un profilé métallique de tête substantiellement en U, apte à relier les montants par leur extrémité supérieure. Le profilé de tête peut ainsi jouer le rôle d'élément porteur pour des éléments constituant une toiture, comme par exemple une sablière ou une panne ou un faîtage.In an advantageous embodiment, the first and / or second wall comprises a metal section substantially U-shaped, able to connect the uprights at their upper end. The head section can thus play the role of a carrier element for elements constituting a roof, such as a sand pit or a fault or ridge.
Selon une forme de réalisation préférée, le premier et/ou deuxième mur comprend en outre un profilé métallique support substantiellement en U apte à relier les montants par leur extrémité inférieure. Le profilé métallique support peut être solidarisé à des fondations, par exemple en béton armé, et servir ainsi de support pour les montants auxquels il est fixé. Grâce à ces formes de réalisation, on dispose ainsi d'une structure porteuse idéalement liée depuis les fondations jusqu'au toit, procurant ainsi une grande stabilité à l'ensemble du bâtiment.According to a preferred embodiment, the first and / or second wall further comprises a metal support section substantially U-shaped to connect the uprights at their lower end. The metal support section may be secured to foundations, for example reinforced concrete, and thus serve as a support for the amounts to which it is attached. Thanks to these embodiments, there is thus a carrier structure ideally linked from the foundations to the roof, thus providing great stability to the entire building.
Dans une forme de réalisation avantageuse, dont le but est d'améliorer encore la stabilité de la structure porteuse, des panneaux isolants ou non isolants faisant office de contreventement sont fixés aux montants.In an advantageous embodiment, the purpose of which is to further improve the stability of the supporting structure, insulating or non-insulating panels acting as bracing are attached to the uprights.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un bâtiment comprenant au moins une structure porteuse selon l'invention.Another object of the invention is to propose a building comprising at least one supporting structure according to the invention.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé de construction d'une structure porteuse stable et qui soit simple à mettre en œuvre, flexible du point de vue de la conception et économique.Another object of the invention is to provide a method for constructing a stable carrier structure that is simple to implement, flexible from the point of view of design and economic.
A cette fin, le procédé de construction d'une structure porteuse pour bâtiment à étages comprend l'opération consistant à ériger, sur des fondations, au moins un premier mur porteur comprenant des montants métalliques porteurs, d'une hauteur supérieure à une hauteur d'un niveau d'habitation du bâtiment et répartis sur la longueur du premier mur, leur nombre dépendant de cette longueur et au moins une première traverse métallique apte à soutenir un plancher et à en porter essentiellement toute la charge. La première traverse est solidarisée transversalement aux montants porteurs du premier mur, entre les extrémités distales de ces montants.To this end, the method of constructing a load bearing structure for a multi-storey building comprises the step of erecting, on foundations, at least a first bearing wall comprising carrying metal uprights, of a height greater than one height of a dwelling level of the building and distributed over the length of the first wall, their number depending on this length and at least a first metal crosspiece capable of supporting a floor and to carry substantially all the load. The first cross member is secured transversely to the carrier posts of the first wall, between the distal ends of these amounts.
Ce mode de construction est particulièrement avantageux car il permet aussi de gagner du temps et de la main d'oeuvre. Le nombre d'éléments constitutifs est en effet moindre par rapport à une construction équivalente sachant que l'on emploie une traverse pour soutenir le plancher au niveau d'un mur.This mode of construction is particularly advantageous because it also saves time and manpower. The number of constituent elements is indeed less compared to an equivalent construction knowing that one uses a cross to support the floor at a wall.
Dans un mode préféré de réalisation, la première traverse étant apte à soutenir un plancher en béton armé, le procédé de construction selon l'invention comprend les opérations suivantes : - disposer, sur la première traverse, une armature métallique du plancher,In a preferred embodiment, the first crossmember being able to support a reinforced concrete floor, the construction method according to the invention comprises the following operations: - arranging, on the first crossmember, a metal reinforcement of the floor,
- solidariser, à l'armature du plancher, des éléments d'armature fixés à la première traverse,- to fasten, to the reinforcement of the floor, reinforcing elements fixed to the first crossbar,
- couler le béton pour la formation du plancher.- pour concrete for the formation of the floor.
Ce procédé de construction est avantageux du point de vue des coûts. Notamment, le béton armé du plancher est coulé in situ, ce qui évite le transport coûteux de dalles en béton armé préfabriquées. Par ailleurs, les éléments d'armature du plancher fixés aux traverses peuvent être solidarisés aux traverses en atelier. Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, le procédé de construction selon l'invention comprend l'étape consistant à ériger, sur des fondations, au moins un deuxième mur porteur comprenant des montants métalliques porteurs, répartis sur la longueur du deuxième mur, leur nombre dépendant de cette longueur et comprenant au moins une deuxième traverse métallique solidarisée transversalement aux montants porteurs du deuxième mur, la deuxième traverse étant apte à soutenir, avec la première traverse, le plancher en béton armé.This construction method is cost-effective. In particular, the reinforced concrete of the floor is poured in situ, which avoids the costly transportation of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs. In addition, the frame elements of the floor fixed to the sleepers can be secured to the sleepers in the workshop. In a preferred embodiment, the construction method according to the invention comprises the step consisting in erecting, on foundations, at least a second bearing wall comprising carrying metallic uprights, distributed along the length of the second wall, their dependent number. of this length and comprising at least one second metal cross member secured transversely to the support posts of the second wall, the second cross member being adapted to support, with the first cross member, the reinforced concrete floor.
De manière avantageuse, l'opération consistant à disposer sur la première traverse l'armature métallique du plancher comporte l'opération consistant à disposer l'armature métallique sur la deuxième traverse.Advantageously, the operation of arranging on the first through the metal frame of the floor comprises the operation of arranging the metal frame on the second cross.
Selon un mode préféré, l'étape de solidarisation de ces éléments d'armature fixés à une traverse comporte une étape de rabattement de ces éléments d'armature vers l'armature du plancher. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la solidarisation du plancher en béton armé à la structure porteuse est particulièrement facile à mettre en œuvre.According to a preferred embodiment, the step of joining these reinforcing elements fixed to a crosspiece comprises a step of folding these reinforcing elements towards the floor frame. In this embodiment, the joining of the reinforced concrete floor to the supporting structure is particularly easy to implement.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, le procédé comporte une étape préalable consistant à solidariser à un profilé métallique support, les montants métalliques au niveau de leur base. Le profilé métallique support possède de préférence une section substantiellement en U comprenant une base et deux ailes, les ailes étant orientées vers le haut. Les montants sont fixés aux profilés supports notamment par soudage, boulonnage ou autres moyens. Le procédé selon l'invention est particulièrement facile à mettre en œuvre car les éléments constitutifs des murs porteurs peuvent être conçus en atelier avant d'être amenés sur le chantier. Ainsi, on peut préfabriquer les fondations, réaliser les profilés supports en U, les montants et traverses en les mettant à dimension adéquate. De même, la solidarisation des éléments d'armature du plancher en béton aux traverses peuvent être réalisées en atelier. Sur le chantier, on peut alors ériger la structure porteuse selon l'invention, par exemple au moyen d'une machine de levage.In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises a prior step of securing to a metal support section, the metal uprights at their base. The support metal section preferably has a substantially U-shaped section comprising a base and two wings, the wings being oriented upwards. The amounts are attached to the support profiles including welding, bolting or other means. The method according to the invention is particularly easy to implement because the constituent elements of the load-bearing walls can be designed in the workshop before being brought to the site. Thus, it is possible to prefabricate the foundations, to make the U-shaped support profiles, the uprights and sleepers by putting them to an adequate size. Similarly, the joining of the reinforcing elements of the concrete floor to the sleepers can be performed in the workshop. On the site, we can then erect the carrier structure according to the invention, for example by means of a hoisting machine.
Alternativement, on peut réaliser l'assemblage des éléments constitutifs des murs porteurs en atelier et ensuite les ériger sur le chantier au moyen d'un engin de levage. Ainsi, la solidarisation des traverses aux montants ainsi que la solidarisation des montants aux profilés support ou de tête peuvent être réalisées en atelier.Alternatively, it is possible to assemble the components of the load-bearing walls in the workshop and then erect them on the site using a hoist. Thus, the fastening of the sleepers to the uprights as well as the fastening of the uprights to the support or head profiles can be performed in the workshop.
Ce mode de réalisation préféré de construction est également avantageux du point de vue des coûts car il permet aussi de gagner du temps et de la main d'œuvre.This preferred embodiment of construction is also advantageous from the point of view of costs because it also saves time and manpower.
L' invention concerne également un bâtiment comprenant au moins une structure porteuse obtenue par un procédé selon l'invention.The invention also relates to a building comprising at least one support structure obtained by a method according to the invention.
Brève description des figures Ces aspects ainsi que d'autres aspects de l'invention seront clarifiés dans la description détaillée de modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, référence étant faite aux figures, dans lesquelles : l'BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other aspects of the invention will be clarified in the detailed description of particular embodiments of the invention, reference being made to the figures, in which: the
Fig.l est une représentation en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation de la structure porteuse selon invention.Fig.l is a perspective representation of an exemplary embodiment of the carrier structure according to the invention.
Fig.2 est une vue en perspective à différents stades d'une traverse solidarisée à des montants porteurs d'un mur, soutenant un plancher en béton, et à laquelle sont fixées des barres à bétons.Fig.2 is a perspective view at different stages of a crossbar secured to the supporting columns of a wall, supporting a concrete floor, and to which are fixed concrete bars.
Fig.3 est une vue en perspective d'une habitation dont les murs et les façades latérales sont réalisés au moyen de la structure porteuse selon l'invention.Fig.3 is a perspective view of a dwelling whose walls and side walls are made by means of the supporting structure according to the invention.
Fig.4 est une vue en plan de l'habitation de la Fig. 3.Fig. 4 is a plan view of the dwelling of FIG. 3.
Fig.5 est une vue en perspective d'un pignon et d'une façade latérale de l'habitation de la Fig. 3.Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a pinion and a side elevation of the dwelling of FIG. 3.
Fig.6 est une vue en perspective d'un angle de l'habitation de la Fig. 3.Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an angle of the dwelling of FIG. 3.
Fig.7 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation de structure porteuse comprenant deux murs porteurs et un plancher en béton armé.Fig.7 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a load-bearing structure comprising two load-bearing walls and a reinforced concrete floor.
Les figures ne sont pas dessinées à l'échelle.The figures are not drawn to scale.
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation particuliersDetailed description of particular embodiments
La Fig. 1 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation de la structure porteuse comprenant un mur porteur suivant l'invention. Le mur porteur comprend des montants métalliques porteurs 2, de section substantiellement en C, et une traverse métallique 4, de section substantiellement en L, reliée transversalement aux montants porteurs 2 du mur entre leurs extrémités distales.Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the supporting structure comprising a load-bearing wall according to the invention. The load-bearing wall comprises supporting metallic uprights 2, of substantially C-section, and a metal crosspiece 4, of substantially L-shaped cross-section, connected transversely to the support posts 2 of the wall between their distal ends.
La traverse 4 soutient un plancher 32 représenté en pointillé pour des raisons de lisibilité de la figure. La hampe de la traverse 4 est solidarisée, par soudage ou par tout autre moyen bien connu de l'homme du métier, à une face de chaque montant 2 du mur, la face étant dirigée vers l'intérieur du bâtiment.The crosspiece 4 supports a floor 32 shown in dotted lines for reasons of legibility of the figure. The shaft of the cross member 4 is secured, by welding or by any other means well known to those skilled in the art, to one face of each upright 2 of the wall, the face being directed towards the interior of the building.
On notera par ailleurs que les montants métalliques 2 peuvent avoir aussi une section fermée.Note also that the metal uprights 2 may also have a closed section.
L'ensemble formé par les montants 2, la traverse 4 et le plancher 32 repose sur des fondations via un profilé support métalliques 6 de section par exemple sensiblement en U. Le profilé support 6 s'appuie sur une fondation constituée d'une poutre en béton armé 8 reposant sur une semelle de sous-fondation en béton maigre 10.The assembly formed by the uprights 2, the crossbar 4 and the floor 32 rests on foundations via a metal support section 6 section for example substantially U. The support section 6 is supported on a foundation consisting of a beam in reinforced concrete 8 resting on a base of lean concrete sub-foundation 10.
Les montants métalliques 2 sont insérés dans la rainure du profilé support 6 correspondant et fixés à sa base. Un profilé de tête 12 par exemple de section substantiellement en U, est inséré et solidarisé, par exemple par boulonnage, à l'extrémité supérieure des montants 2 d'un mur. Le profilé de tête 12, par l'intermédiaire de sa base plane, joue le rôle de support pour un élément de toiture, comme par exemple une sablière ou encore une panne ou un faîtage.The metal uprights 2 are inserted into the groove of the corresponding support section 6 and fixed at its base. A head section 12, for example of substantially U-section, is inserted and secured, for example by bolting, to the upper end of the uprights 2 of a wall. The head section 12, via its flat base, acts as a support for a roof element, such as a sand pit or a fault or ridge.
Un tel mur porteur est extrêmement stable car les montants métalliques 2 sont calés et fixés par leurs extrémités entre les fondations et la toiture. Pour l'édification d'un mur porteur de plusieurs mètres de longs, il est avantageux de mettre en œuvre une pluralité de montants 2 afin de répartir la charge à supporter et pour limiter les phénomènes de flambage des montants 2 porteurs. Les montants 2 sont espacés de manière régulière ou non, mais de préférence de manière régulière d'une distance inférieure ou égale à 2 mètres. La distance entre chaque montant 2 est avantageusement choisie substantiellement égale à 0,6 mètre.Such a load-bearing wall is extremely stable because the metal uprights 2 are wedged and fixed at their ends between the foundations and the roof. For the construction of a load-bearing wall several meters long, it is advantageous to implement a plurality of uprights 2 in order to distribute the load to be supported and to limit the buckling phenomena of the uprights 2 carriers. The amounts 2 are evenly spaced or not, but preferably regularly a distance of less than or equal to 2 meters. The distance between each amount 2 is advantageously chosen substantially equal to 0.6 meters.
Dans la perspective d'améliorer la stabilité d'un mur porteur, un panneau vertical de contreventement peut être fixé aux montants 2. Le panneau est raccordé, par exemple par boulonnage, soudage ou par tout autre moyen connu, sur les ailes de deux montants successifs.In order to improve the stability of a load-bearing wall, a vertical bracing panel may be attached to the uprights 2. The panel is connected, for example by bolting, welding or by any other known means, on the wings of two uprights. successive.
Un avantage de la structure suivant l'invention est que l'on peut utiliser l'espace technique ménagé entre les montants 2 du mur pour faire passer des canalisations 14 ou des gaines techniques 16 verticales s'étendant en continu d'un niveau d'habitation à un autre niveau d'habitation.An advantage of the structure according to the invention is that it is possible to use the technical space provided between the uprights 2 of the wall for passing ducts 14 or vertical ducts 16 extending continuously from a level of dwelling to another level of dwelling.
Ainsi les temps de construction peuvent être réduits. En effet, il n'est plus nécessaire de procéder à des découpes dans les murs, ou planchers ni de prévoir des coffrages afin d'occulter ces éléments verticaux.Thus the construction times can be reduced. Indeed, it is no longer necessary to make cuts in the walls or floors or to provide forms to hide these vertical elements.
La Fig. 2 est une vue en perspective d'une forme de particulière de réalisation d'un mur porteur supportant un plancher en béton armé.Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a particular embodiment of a bearing wall supporting a reinforced concrete floor.
Le mur comprend des montants métalliques porteurs 2 reliés entre eux par une traverse métallique 4 de section en L. La traverse (4) est fixée transversalement aux montants (2) entre leurs extrémités distales. Une tôle nervurée 18 est disposée sur la traverse 4 et fait office de coffrage perdu collaborant avec un plancher en béton 32. La tôle 18 peut être fixée à la traverse par boulonnage ou par tout autre moyen.The wall comprises carrying metal uprights 2 interconnected by a metal crosspiece 4 of section L. The crossbar (4) is fixed transversely to the uprights (2) between their distal ends. A ribbed plate 18 is disposed on the cross member 4 and serves as a formwork lost collaborating with a concrete floor 32. The plate 18 can be fixed to the cross by bolting or by any other means.
Afin d'assurer une bonne planéité du plancher en béton lors de sa coulée, on fixe des étançons provisoires (non représentés) qui soutiennent la tôle 18 et reprennent une partie de la charge propre du béton avant durcissement. En outre des barres à bétons 20, rabattables à l'horizontal, sont fixées sur la traverse 4. La solidarisation de ces barres 20 peut avantageusement être effectuée en atelier. Avant la coulée du béton, les barres à bétons 20 sont rabattues et puis sont solidarisés à une armature métallique, par exemple une armature en treillis 21 préalablement posée sur la tôle 18; on obtient ainsi un plancher en béton armé parfaitement solidaire du mur porteur, ce qui permet d'obtenir une structure porteuse extrêmement stable. Les barres à bétons 20 fixées aux traverses 4 agissent comme des moyens d'ancrage de la dalle aux montants porteurs 2 et permettent les transferts d'efforts horizontaux auxquels sont soumis les montants 2.In order to ensure a good flatness of the concrete floor during its casting, provisional stanchions (not shown) are fixed which support the sheet 18 and take up part of the clean load of the concrete before curing. In addition concrete bars 20, foldable horizontally, are fixed on the crossbar 4. The joining of these bars 20 may advantageously be performed in the workshop. Before pouring the concrete, the concrete bars 20 are folded down and then secured to a metal frame, for example a lattice reinforcement 21 previously placed on the sheet 18; a reinforced concrete floor is thus obtained which is perfectly integral with the load-bearing wall, which makes it possible to obtain an extremely stable load-bearing structure. The concrete bars 20 fixed to the cross members 4 act as means for anchoring the slab to the support posts 2 and allow the horizontal load transfers to which the uprights 2 are subjected.
II est à noter également que la présence des barres à béton 20 permet également une reprise directe par les montants 2 des sollicitations exercées sur le plancher 32.It should also be noted that the presence of the concrete bars 20 also allows a direct recovery by the uprights 2 solicitations exerted on the floor 32.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré non représenté, l'armature du plancher en béton comporte une tôle nervurée collaborante qui fait office de coffrage perdu, une armature inférieure de la dalle en béton, et optionnellement une armature longitudinale complémentaire disposée dans les nervures. L'armature du plancher peut également comporter des armatures, de préférence des épingles en forme de U, posées dans les nervures creuses de la tôle collaborante au niveau des appuis de la tôle, c'est-à-dire au niveau des traverses. Ces armatures permettent de transmettre les efforts verticaux aux traverses. Enfin l'armature du plancher en béton comporte des barres à bétons pliées et soudées aux traverses, servant notamment à liaisonner le béton aux traverses et à transmettre les efforts rasant dus au vent.According to a preferred embodiment not shown, the reinforcement of the concrete floor comprises a collaborating ribbed sheet which serves as a lost formwork, a lower reinforcement of the concrete slab, and optionally a complementary longitudinal reinforcement disposed in the ribs. The frame of the floor may also comprise reinforcements, preferably U-shaped pins, placed in the hollow ribs of the collaborating sheet at the supports of the sheet, that is to say at the cross. These frames allow to transmit the vertical forces to the sleepers. Finally, the reinforcement of the concrete floor comprises concrete bars folded and welded to the sleepers, especially used to bond the concrete to the sleepers and to transmit the grazing efforts due to the wind.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'armature du plancher peut également comporter un treillis supérieur. Ce treillis peut d'une part faire office d'armature secondaire pour principalement limiter la fissuration due au retrait du béton et ce notamment dans le cas où le plancher serait soumis à des efforts verticaux. D'autre part, le treillis supérieur peut constituer une armature principale supplémentaire, dans le cas où le plancher en béton se présente comme un élément d'un portique stabilisateur.In this embodiment, the floor frame may also include an upper lattice. This mesh can on the one hand act as a secondary reinforcement to mainly limit the cracking due to shrinkage of the concrete and this especially in the case where the floor would be subjected to vertical forces. On the other hand, the upper trellis may constitute an additional main reinforcement, in the case where the concrete floor is presented as part of a stabilizing gantry.
La Fig. 7 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation de structure porteuse comprenant deux murs porteurs et un plancher en béton armé. La structure comprend un premier mur 71 et un deuxième mur porteur 72, tels que décrits dans la figure 1. Chaque mur porteur 71,72 est ainsi constitué d'un ensemble de montants métalliques porteurs 2, de section substantiellement en C, les montants de chaque mur 71, 72 étant reliés entre eux par une traverse 4 métallique. Les traverses 4 soutiennent un plancher 32 en béton armé, selon la réalisation décrite dans la figure 2. L'ensemble constitué par le plancher 32 en béton avec son armature 21 et par les deux murs porteurs 71, 72 comportant chacun des montants porteurs 2 et une traverse 4 constitue une structure composite monobloc qui empêche le mouvement de ces différents éléments, les uns par rapport aux autres. Les barres à bétons 20 fixées aux traverses 4 permettent le transfert d'efforts horizontaux auxquels sont soumis certains des montants 2, via le plancher 32 en béton, vers les autres montants 2. La dalle en béton directement coulée sur la structure absorbe une partie des sollicitations transférées via l'armature 21 du plancher 32.Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a load-bearing structure comprising two load-bearing walls and a reinforced concrete floor. The structure comprises a first wall 71 and a second bearing wall 72, as described in FIG. 1. Each bearing wall 71, 72 thus consists of a set of carrying metal uprights 2 of substantially C-section, each wall 71, 72 being interconnected by a crosspiece 4 metal. The sleepers 4 support a floor 32 made of reinforced concrete, according to the embodiment described in FIG. 2. The assembly constituted by the concrete floor 32 with its reinforcement 21 and by the two load-bearing walls 71, 72 each comprising bearing posts 2 and a cross member 4 constitutes a monobloc composite structure which prevents the movement of these different elements relative to each other. The concrete bars 20 fixed to the cross members 4 allow the transfer of horizontal forces to which some of the uprights 2 are subjected, via the concrete floor 32, to the other uprights 2. The concrete slab directly poured on the structure absorbs part of the stresses transferred via the frame 21 of the floor 32.
Par ailleurs, dans une telle structure où les sollicitations exercées sur les montants 2 sont transmises par le plancher 32, la longueur de flambage des montants 2 est fortement réduite (c'est-à-dire inférieure à la hauteur d'une étage), bien que les montants 2 montent sur au moins deux niveaux du bâtiment. Cette structure présente l'avantage de fournir une capacité portante plus grande pour la même section d'un montant ou d'utiliser des montants de section plus petite pour une même charge.Moreover, in such a structure where the stresses exerted on the uprights 2 are transmitted by the floor 32, the buckling length of the uprights 2 is greatly reduced (that is to say less than the height of a floor), although the amounts 2 go up on at least two levels of the building. This structure has the advantage of providing a greater bearing capacity for the same section of an amount or of using amounts of smaller section for the same load.
La Fig. 3 est une représentation en perspective avec vue du dessus d'un exemple de bâtiment 22 réalisé avec une structure porteuse selon l'invention. Le bâtiment 22 est constitué de trois modules . Le bâtiment comporte deux murs pignons 24, 26 et deux murs de refend 28, 30, chacun réalisé en alignant une pluralité de montants métalliques porteurs 2 et reposant sur une fondation en béton 10.Fig. 3 is a perspective view with a view from above of an example of a building 22 made with a support structure according to the invention. Building 22 consists of three modules. The building comprises two gable walls 24, 26 and two shear walls 28, 30, each made by aligning a plurality of carrying metal uprights 2 and resting on a concrete foundation 10.
Le bâtiment 22 comprend trois niveaux d'habitation, à savoir, un rez-de-chaussée, un premier étage et les combles. Le plancher en béton 32 du premier étage du premier module est solidarisé au mur pignon 24 et au mur de refend 28.Building 22 comprises three levels of housing, namely, a ground floor, a first floor and the attic. The concrete floor 32 of the first stage of the first module is secured to the gable wall 24 and to the wall of the partition 28.
Le plancher en béton 34 du premier étage du deuxième module est solidarisé aux murs de refend 28 et 30. Enfin, le plancher en béton 36 du premier étage du troisième module est solidarisé au mur de refend 30 et au mur pignon 26. On note également que les montants porteurs 2 non périphériques des murs 24, 26, 28, 30 soutiennent, par l'intermédiaire d'une traverse 38, des entraits 40 formant les combles du bâtiment 22. Un avantage qui découle de l'utilisation de la structure selon l'invention est que l'on peut bâtir des habitations dont l'agencement est illimité. Par exemple, on peut aisément rajouter un nouveau module juxtaposé par exemple au premier module, en érigeant une nouvelle structure porteuse comportant un nouveau mur pignon et en utilisant alors le mur pignon 24 comme un mur de refend.The concrete floor 34 of the first stage of the second module is secured to the slitting walls 28 and 30. Finally, the concrete floor 36 of the first stage of the third module is secured to the slotted wall 30 and to the gable wall 26. It should also be noted that the non-peripheral support posts 2 of the walls 24, 26, 28, 30 support, via a crossmember 38, ribs 40 forming the attic of the building 22. An advantage which results from the use of the structure according to the invention is that one can build homes whose layout is unlimited. For example, it is easy to add a new module juxtaposed for example to the first module, by erecting a new bearing structure with a new gable wall and then using the gable wall 24 as a wall of splitting.
Par ailleurs, que la direction du vent soit perpendiculaire aux murs porteurs (24, 26, 28, 30) ou dans le plan de ces murs, la structure porteuse constituée par deux murs porteurs (24, 26, 28, 30) reliés par un plancher (32, 34, 36) en béton se présente comme un portique stabilisateur et permet également de transmettre les efforts via les planchers (32, 34, 36) aux murs de refend perpendiculaires aux murs porteurs (24,26,28,30) . Il .est bien entendu qu'il est alors nécessaire que ces murs de refend soient rigides dans leur plan. Le contreventement de ces murs de refend peut être réalisée à l'aide de panneaux en bois ou métallique, soit par des croix Saint André.Moreover, whether the wind direction is perpendicular to the load-bearing walls (24, 26, 28, 30) or in the plane of these walls, the supporting structure consists of two load-bearing walls (24, 26, 28, 30) connected by a Concrete floor (32, 34, 36) is a stabilizing gantry and also transmits the forces via the floors (32, 34, 36) to the sloping walls perpendicular to the load-bearing walls (24,26,28,30) . It is understood that it is then necessary that these walls of splitting be rigid in their plan. The bracing of these walls can be done using wooden or metal panels, or crosses St. Andrew.
La Fig. 4 est une vue en plan de l'habitation de la Fig. 3.Fig. 4 is a plan view of the dwelling of FIG. 3.
Le premier module est délimité par le mur pignon 24, le mur de refend 28 et les façades 50, 51. L'ossature du mur pignon 24, reposant sur des fondations en béton, est réalisée en alignant une pluralité de montants métalliques 2, de section sensiblement en C, régulièrement espacés et reliés entre eux par une traverse 4 situé au niveau du premier étage.The first module is delimited by the pinion wall 24, the wall of slit 28 and the facades 50, 51. The framework of the pinion wall 24, resting on concrete foundations, is made by aligning a plurality of metal uprights 2, section substantially in C, regularly spaced and interconnected by a cross 4 located at the first floor.
Afin d'améliorer la stabilité de l'ossature du mur pignon 24 dans sa partie médiane, le montant central 42 est constitué par l'assemblage de deux montants 2 solidarisés dos à dos au niveau de leur hampe.To improve the stability of the frame of the sprocket wall 24 in its middle part, the central amount 42 is constituted by the assembly of two uprights 2 secured back to back at their shaft.
On notera que les montants 2 de chaque extrémité formant l'ossature sont placés de sorte que leur dos ferme l'ossature, afin de réaliser le raccordement d'angle, comme illustré à la Fig. 6.It will be noted that the uprights 2 of each end forming the framework are placed so that their backs close the framework, in order to make the corner connection, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
Le second mur porteur du premier module correspond au mur de refend 28 placé en vis-à-vis du mur pignon 24.The second bearing wall of the first module corresponds to the wall of slit 28 placed vis-à-vis the wall pinion 24.
L'ossature du mur 28 est réalisée en alignant des doubles montants 2 régulièrement espacés et reliés par une traverse 4.The frame of the wall 28 is made by aligning double uprights 2 regularly spaced and connected by a cross member 4.
Les façades latérales 44, 46 sont également érigées en alignant des montants 2 régulièrement espacés et liaisonnés les uns aux autres par une traverse 4 au niveau du premier étage. Ces murs de façade 44, 46 reposent sur un socle en béton 48 s'étendant entre le mur pignon 24 et le mur de refend 28.The side walls 44, 46 are also erected by aligning uprights 2 regularly spaced and bonded to each other by a cross member 4 at the level of the first floor. These facade walls 44, 46 rest on a concrete base 48 extending between the gable wall 24 and the wall of the partition 28.
L'ensemble des quatre murs 24, 28, 44, 46 supporte le plancher en béton armé 32.All four walls 24, 28, 44, 46 support the reinforced concrete floor 32.
Le second module est délimité par les murs de refend 28, 30 et les façades 50, 51.The second module is delimited by the slit walls 28, 30 and the facades 50, 51.
L'ossature des murs porteurs 28, 30 est constituée par des doubles montants reliés par une traverse 4 à laquelle est solidarisé le plancher en béton 34. Les doubles montants sont constitués par l'association de deux montantsThe framework of the load-bearing walls 28, 30 is constituted by double uprights connected by a cross-member 4 to which the concrete floor 34 is fastened. The double amounts consist of the association of two uprights.
2 mis dos à dos et solidarisés par exemple par boulonnage.2 back to back and secured for example by bolting.
Comme décrit plus haut, les doubles montants sont régulièrement espacés. On notera qu'il est possible de l'As described above, the double amounts are evenly spaced. Note that it is possible to the
faire varier écartement entre les montants de façon à ménager des passages entre le premier module et le deuxième module et entre le deuxième module et le troisième module.varying the spacing between the amounts so as to provide passages between the first module and the second module and between the second module and the third module.
L'ossature des façades latérales 50, 51 est quant elle constituée par de simples montants 2 reliés par un traverse 4 reposant sur un profilé en U fixé sur une traverse en béton, comme déjà décrit pour le premier module.The frame of the side walls 50, 51 is itself constituted by simple uprights 2 connected by a cross member 4 resting on a U-shaped section fixed on a concrete crossbar, as already described for the first module.
Une ouverture est réservée dans le plancher 34 afin de laisser un passage pour un escalier 55 communiquant entre le rez-de-chaussée et le premier étage du bâtiment.An opening is reserved in the floor 34 to leave a passage for a staircase 55 communicating between the ground floor and the first floor of the building.
Le troisième module est délimité par le mur de refendThe third module is delimited by the wall
30 et le mur pignon 26 et les façades latérales 52, 53.30 and the pinion wall 26 and the side walls 52, 53.
L'ensemble soutient un plancher en béton 36. Les éléments constitutifs de l'ossature du troisième module correspondent ainsi à ceux du premier module.The assembly supports a concrete floor 36. The constituent elements of the framework of the third module and correspond to those of the first module.
La Fig. 5 est une vue en perspective de l'habitation de la Fig. 3 qui montre le mur pignon 26 et une partie de la façade latérale 53 à différents stades d'achèvement.Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the dwelling of FIG. 3 which shows the gable wall 26 and part of the side façade 53 at different stages of completion.
Le mur pignon 26 a été construit sur une fondation comprenant une poutre en béton 8 s'appuyant sur une semelle de sous-fondation par exemple en béton maigre 10. Des passages pour des gaines techniques ou canalisations sont prévus dans la fondation.The gable wall 26 was built on a foundation comprising a concrete beam 8 resting on a sub-foundation base for example of lean concrete 10. Passages for ducts or pipes are provided in the foundation.
L'ossature du mur pignon 26 est formée par des montants porteurs 2 régulièrement espacés, reposant sur la fondation par l'intermédiaire d'un profilé support 6 auquel lesdits montants 2 sont boulonnés. Certains montants 2 périphériques ne s'étendent que sur deux niveaux (le rez-de-chaussée et le premier étage) tandis que les autres montants 2 se déploient sur trois niveaux, le troisième niveau constituant les combles. Tous les montants 2 du mur pignon 26 sont raccordés à la hauteur du premier étage par une traverse 4 sur laquelle reposent des solives 54 supportant un plancher 36 en bois.The frame of the sprocket wall 26 is formed by regularly spaced carrying posts 2, resting on the foundation by means of a support profile 6 to which said uprights 2 are bolted. Some peripheral amounts 2 extend only on two levels (the ground floor and the first floor) while the other amounts 2 are spread over three levels, the third level constituting the attic. All amounts 2 of the wall pinion 26 are connected to the height of the first floor by a cross member 4 on which are supported joists 54 supporting a wooden floor 36.
Les montants 2 non périphériques montent jusqu'au troisième niveau et sont reliés par une deuxième traverse 38 jouant le rôle de support pour un entrait de ferme.The non-peripheral amounts 2 go up to the third level and are connected by a second cross member 38 acting as a support for a farm entry.
Les extrémités supérieures des montants 2 formant les versants de la ferme sont surmontées par un profilé de têteThe upper ends of the uprights 2 forming the slopes of the farm are surmounted by a head section
12. Celui-ci fait office de support pour recevoir divers éléments de toiture tels que des chevrons 56, des pannes 58 ou un faîtage 60.12. It acts as a support for receiving various roof elements such as rafters 56, purlins 58 or ridge 60.
L'ossature de la façade latérale 53 est constituée par une série de montants 2 se déployant sur deux niveaux d'habitation. Les montants 2 s'appuient sur un profilé support 6 fixé à une poutre en béton dont les deux extrémités reposent sur les fondations du mur pignon 26 et du mur de refend 30.The framework of the lateral facade 53 is constituted by a series of uprights 2 spread over two levels of housing. The uprights 2 rest on a support section 6 fixed to a concrete beam whose two ends rest on the foundations of the gable wall 26 and the wall 30.
Les montants 2 sont recouverts par des panneaux 62 qui renforcent la stabilité de l'édifice en agissant comme contreventement. Ces panneaux peuvent être isolants, protégeant ainsi l'habitation des effets de la variation de la température extérieure.The uprights 2 are covered by panels 62 which enhance the stability of the building by acting as bracing. These panels can be insulating, thus protecting the home from the effects of the variation of the outside temperature.
A des fins de protection et également pour une question d'esthétique, les panneaux 62 sont masqués par un mur de parement 64, dans le cas représenté, un mur de briques.For purposes of protection and also for aesthetic reasons, the panels 62 are masked by a wall cladding 64, in the case shown, a brick wall.
L'extrémité supérieure des montants 2 formant l'ossature de la façade latérale 53 est également recouverte par un profilé de tête 12 de section substantiellement en U, allant depuis le mur pignon 26 jusqu'au mur de refend 30. La base du profilé en U supporte une sablière 66 de toit. La Fig. 6 est une vue agrandie de l'angle formé par le mur pignon 26 et la façade latérale 53. Le montant 68 situé à l'extrémité de l'ossature formant le mur pignon 26, est solidarisé au montant 70 disposé à l'extrémité de l'ossature formant la façade latérale 53. Les montants 68, 70 sont agencés de sorte que l'aile du montant 70 s'appuie contre le dos du montant 68, les deux montants 68, 70 étant fixés l'un à l'autre, par exemple, par boulonnage.The upper end of the uprights 2 forming the framework of the lateral facade 53 is also covered by a substantially U-shaped section head section 12, going from the sprocket wall 26 to the wall of the partition 30. The base of the profile U supports a roof plate 66. Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the angle formed by the sprocket wall 26 and the side wall 53. The upright 68 located at the end of the frame forming the sprocket wall 26, is secured to the amount 70 disposed at the end of the frame forming the side wall 53. The posts 68, 70 are arranged so that the wing of the upright 70 rests against the back of the upright 68, the two uprights 68, 70 being fixed to each other for example, by bolting.
II sera évident pour l'homme du métier que la présente invention n'est pas limitée à ce qui a été divulgué et décrit en particulier ci-dessus. L'invention réside dans la présentation de toutes caractéristiques nouvelles et dans chaque combinaison de ces caractéristiques . Les références numériques dans les revendications, ne limitent pas la portée de leur protection. L'usage des verbes « comprendre, comporte ou inclure » et leurs formes conjuguées, n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments que ceux énumérés dans les revendications. L'usage de l'article « un/une » devant un élément, n'exclut pas la présence d'une pluralité de tels éléments.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to what has been disclosed and described in particular above. The invention lies in the presentation of all new features and in each combination of these characteristics. The numerals in the claims do not limit the scope of their protection. The use of the verbs "to understand, include or include" and their conjugate forms, does not exclude the presence of elements other than those listed in the claims. The use of the article "a" in front of an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
La présente invention a été décrite en termes de réalisations spécifiques qui sont une illustration de l'invention et qui ne doivent pas être considérées comme limitatives. The present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments which are an illustration of the invention and which should not be considered as limiting.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Structure porteuse pour bâtiment (22) incluant au moins un premier mur porteur, ce mur comprenant: - des montants (2) métalliques porteurs, d'une hauteur supérieure à une hauteur d'un niveau d'habitation du bâtiment et répartis sur la longueur du premier mur, leur nombre dépendant de cette longueur et, au moins une première traverse métallique (4) apte à soutenir un plancher (32, 34, 36) et à en porter essentiellement toute la charge, la première traverse (4) étant solidarisée transversalement aux montants porteurs1. Carrier structure for building (22) including at least a first bearing wall, this wall comprising: - supporting metal uprights (2), of a height greater than a height of a building level of the building and distributed over the length of the first wall, their number depending on this length and, at least a first metal crossbar (4) adapted to support a floor (32, 34, 36) and to carry substantially all the load, the first crossbar (4) being secured transversely to the carrying amounts
(2) du premier mur, entre les extrémités distales de ces montants (2) .(2) of the first wall, between the distal ends of these uprights (2).
2. Structure porteuse pour bâtiment (22) selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la traverse est apte à soutenir un plancher en béton armé (32, 34, 36) comportant une armature métallique (18,21) et en ce que des éléments (20) d'armature du plancher sont fixés à la première traverse (4) .2. Support structure for building (22) according to claim 1 characterized in that the cross is adapted to support a reinforced concrete floor (32, 34, 36) having a metal frame (18,21) and in that elements (20) of the floor frame are fixed to the first cross member (4).
3. Structure porteuse pour bâtiment (22) selon la revendication 2 caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un deuxième mur porteur comportant des montants métalliques répartis sur la longueur de mur, leur nombre dépendant de cette longueur et une traverse métallique (4) solidarisée transversalement aux montants porteurs (2) du deuxième mur, la deuxième traverse étant apte à soutenir le plancher en béton armé (32, 34, 36) .3. Support structure for building (22) according to claim 2 characterized in that it comprises a second bearing wall having metal uprights distributed over the wall length, their number depending on this length and a cross member (4) secured transversely the support posts (2) of the second wall, the second cross member being adapted to support the reinforced concrete floor (32, 34, 36).
4. Structure porteuse pour bâtiment (22) selon la revendication 3 caractérisée en ce que des éléments (20) d'armature du plancher (32, 34, 36) sont fixés à la deuxième traverse (4) .4. Support structure for building (22) according to claim 3 characterized in that elements (20) reinforcement of the floor (32, 34, 36) are fixed to the second crossbar (4).
5. Structure porteuse pour bâtiment (22) selon la revendication 3 ou 4 caractérisée en ce que les montants du deuxième mur sont disposés sur une hauteur supérieure à une hauteur d'un niveau d'habitation du bâtiment et en ce que la deuxième traverse (4) est solidarisée entre les extrémités distales des montants (2) du deuxième mur.5. Support structure for building (22) according to claim 3 or 4 characterized in that the amounts of the second wall are arranged on a height greater than one height of a building level of the building and in that the second cross ( 4) is secured between the distal ends of the uprights (2) of the second wall.
6. Structure porteuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5 caractérisée en ce que les éléments d'armature du plancher (20) fixés à une traverse comprennent des barres à béton pliables comportant une portion fixée à la traverse.6. Supporting structure according to any one of claims 2 to 5 characterized in that the reinforcing elements of the floor (20) attached to a cross member comprise foldable concrete bars having a portion attached to the cross.
7. Structure porteuse selon la revendication 6 caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'armature (20) sont aptes à être rabattus et solidarisés à l'armature (18, 21) du plancher en béton.7. Supporting structure according to claim 6 characterized in that the reinforcing elements (20) are adapted to be folded and secured to the frame (18, 21) of the concrete floor.
8. Structure porteuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les montants (2) d'un mur sont espacés les uns des autres d'une distance inférieure ou égale à 2 mètres.8. Supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the uprights (2) of a wall are spaced from each other by a distance less than or equal to 2 meters.
9. Structure porteuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la traverse d'un mur (4) est fixée sur la face (2a) des montants (2) de ce mur et est dirigée vers l'intérieur de bâtiment (22) . 9. Supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crossbar of a wall (4) is fixed on the face (2a) of the uprights (2) of the wall and is directed towards the inside of building (22).
10. Structure porteuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les montants (2) et/ou les traverses (4) sont réalisés en tôle pliée.10. Supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the uprights (2) and / or the crosspieces (4) are made of folded sheet.
11. Procédé de construction d'une structure porteuse pour bâtiment à étages comprenant l'opération consistant à ériger, sur des fondations, au moins un premier mur porteur comprenant des montants (2) métalliques porteurs, d'une hauteur supérieure à une hauteur d'un niveau d'habitation du bâtiment et répartis sur la longueur du premier mur, leur nombre dépendant de cette longueur et au moins une première traverse métallique (4) apte à soutenir un plancher (32, 34, 36) et à en porter essentiellement toute la charge, la première traverse (4) étant solidarisée transversalement aux montants porteurs (2) du premier mur, entre les extrémités distales de ces montants (2) .11. A method of constructing a supporting structure for a multi-storey building comprising the step of erecting, on foundations, at least a first bearing wall comprising supporting metal uprights (2), of a height greater than a height of a dwelling level of the building and distributed along the length of the first wall, their number depending on this length and at least a first metal crossbar (4) able to support a floor (32, 34, 36) and to carry essentially the entire load, the first crossbar (4) being secured transversely to the support posts (2) of the first wall, between the distal ends of these uprights (2).
12. Procédé de construction selon la revendication 11 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les opérations suivantes :12. The construction method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that it comprises the following operations:
- la première traverse étant apte à soutenir un plancher en béton armé, disposer sur la première traverse (4), une armature métallique (18, 21) du plancher (32, 34, 36) ,- the first crossbar being able to support a reinforced concrete floor, have on the first crossbar (4), a metal frame (18, 21) of the floor (32, 34, 36),
-solidariser, à l'armature (18,21) du plancher (32, 34, 36), des éléments (20) d'armature fixés à la première traverse (4) ,-solidariser, to the frame (18,21) of the floor (32, 34, 36), elements (20) of reinforcement fixed to the first crossbar (4),
-couler le béton pour la formation du plancher (32, 34, 36) .pouring the concrete for the formation of the floor (32, 34, 36).
13. Procédé de construction selon la revendication 12 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend l'étape consistant à ériger, sur des fondations, au moins un deuxième mur porteur comprenant des montants (2) métalliques porteurs, répartis sur la longueur du deuxième mur, leur nombre dépendant de cette longueur et comprenant au moins une deuxième traverse métallique (4) solidarisée transversalement aux montants porteurs (2) du deuxième mur, la deuxième traverse étant apte à soutenir, avec la première traverse, le plancher (32, 34, 36) en béton armé.13. A method of construction according to claim 12 characterized in that it comprises the step of erecting, on foundations, at least a second bearing wall comprising uprights (2) carrying metal, distributed along the length of the second wall, their number depending on this length and comprising at least a second metal crossbar (4) secured transversely to the support posts (2) of the second wall, the second crossbar being able to support, with the first crossbar, the reinforced concrete floor (32, 34, 36).
14. Procédé de construction selon la revendication 13 caractérisé en ce que l'opération consistant à disposer sur la première traverse (4) l'armature métallique (18, 21) du plancher (32, 34, 36) comporte l'opération consistant à disposer l'armature métallique (18, 21) sur la deuxième traverse et en ce qu'il comporte l'étape de solidariser, à l'armature (18, 21) du plancher (32, 34, 36), des éléments (20) d'armature fixés à la deuxième traverse (4) .14. A method of construction according to claim 13 characterized in that the operation of arranging on the first crossbar (4) the metal armature (18, 21) of the floor (32, 34, 36) comprises the operation of arranging the metal reinforcement (18, 21) on the second cross member and in that it comprises the step of securing, to the reinforcement (18, 21) of the floor (32, 34, 36), elements (20 ) of reinforcement fixed to the second crossbar (4).
15. Bâtiment (22), caractérisé en qu'il comprend au moins une structure porteuse obtenue par un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 1415. Building (22), characterized in that it comprises at least one support structure obtained by a method according to any one of claims 11 to 14
16. Bâtiment (22), caractérisé en qu'il comprend au moins une structure porteuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13. 16. Building (22), characterized in that it comprises at least one supporting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
EP05785756A 2004-07-19 2005-07-18 Load-bearing structure for buildings and method for construction of a load-bearing structure Withdrawn EP1784544A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05785756A EP1784544A1 (en) 2004-07-19 2005-07-18 Load-bearing structure for buildings and method for construction of a load-bearing structure

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04103440A EP1621692A1 (en) 2004-07-19 2004-07-19 Load bearing wall system for a building and method for erecting a load bearing wall.
EP05785756A EP1784544A1 (en) 2004-07-19 2005-07-18 Load-bearing structure for buildings and method for construction of a load-bearing structure
PCT/EP2005/053467 WO2006008293A1 (en) 2004-07-19 2005-07-18 Load-bearing structure for buildings and method for construction of a load-bearing structure

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EP1784544A1 true EP1784544A1 (en) 2007-05-16

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EP05785756A Withdrawn EP1784544A1 (en) 2004-07-19 2005-07-18 Load-bearing structure for buildings and method for construction of a load-bearing structure

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2977611B1 (en) * 2011-07-06 2013-08-16 Laurent Riscala BUILDING MODULE COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE INSULATED STRUCTURAL PANEL WALL, AND BUILDING MADE BY ASSEMBLING SUCH MODULES
ITBS20120157A1 (en) 2012-11-05 2014-05-06 Augusto Bertoldini WALL STRUCTURE FOR BUILDING

Citations (2)

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US1818418A (en) * 1928-02-04 1931-08-11 Mcclintic Marshall Corp Steel frame house construction
US4514950A (en) * 1981-11-27 1985-05-07 Goodson Jr Albert A Building framing system and method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938294A (en) * 1968-03-30 1976-02-17 Leon Battista Gaburri Method of erecting a frame structure for buildings
EP0070962B1 (en) * 1981-07-31 1984-12-12 Profilhaus GmbH und Co. Fertigungs KG Building assembled of prefabricated parts
DE4430006C2 (en) * 1994-08-25 1996-07-11 Krupp Ag Hoesch Krupp Ceiling construction and process for its manufacture

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1818418A (en) * 1928-02-04 1931-08-11 Mcclintic Marshall Corp Steel frame house construction
US4514950A (en) * 1981-11-27 1985-05-07 Goodson Jr Albert A Building framing system and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of WO2006008293A1 *

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EP1621692A1 (en) 2006-02-01

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