FR2684126A1 - LARGE FIRE RESISTANT STORAGE BUILDING AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION THEREOF. - Google Patents

Abstract

Storage building comprising a plurality of storage volumes each formed of elementary cells, said building being formed of prefabricated reinforced concrete posts superimposed (13, 22) provided with grooves or notches (20, 21, 23) allowing introduce prefabricated cellular concrete wall panels (7, 8, 9). Prefabricated reinforced concrete joists (16, 17) rigidly connect the columns to each other and support the prefabricated floors in cellular concrete or equivalent. Reinforced concrete spandrels arranged at certain levels ensure the transverse rigidity of the construction.

Description

The invention relates to a new type of building and a method for

  the construction of such a building having good fire resistance, and in particular of industrial buildings, for example storage buildings for various materials such as chemical, pharmaceutical, archive materials. The invention relates more particularly to tall buildings, having good fire resistance, the construction of which is quick and easy from prefabricated materials and the cost price of which remains relatively low

taking into account the advantages obtained.

  In broad outline, a high-rise storage building is a work whose dimensional characteristics can be the following: height of 10 m minimum length of 30 to 100 m or more width of 12 to 16 m or more A storage of high height is consisting of rows of storage cells, traversed between them by a transport member, for example a stacker crane or an automated pallet truck, the purpose of which is

  come and drop off or pick up the stored packages.

  The storage cells can have dimensions of the order of: height 1 m to 4 m, preferably 1 to 2 m, width of 1.5 to 4.5 m or more (possibility of installing 1 to 3 pallets) , depth of 1 to 3 m, preferably 1.2 to 1.5 m overload per cell of 1 to 10 tonnes or more, for example 4.5 t (1.5 t per pallet) Tall buildings and large dimensions, and in particular storage buildings are commonly made from various materials, some flammable such as wood, others non-flammable but which have only an insufficient or not sufficiently long resistance to fire This is the case in particular metal frames whose fire resistance generally does not exceed 15 minutes; fireproofing of metal structures can be considered but its

cost remains prohibitive.

  With reinforced concrete, and provided certain precautions are taken (increased coating of the steels and installation of a welded mesh on the surface to avoid cracking of the concrete), a fire resistance of 2 hours can be achieved. sections of the pieces (mainly sails and slabs), are greatly increased, resulting in higher weight. In addition to fire resistance, a whole row of cells must be self-supporting (stacker crane passage). In the case of a metal structure, this does not pose a problem, on the other hand, in the case of reinforced concrete, the necessary dimensions become very important, the enormous weight, the setting

  complicated work and prohibitive cost.

  The present invention remedies the shortcomings of the prior art by proposing a method of erecting buildings, and the resulting buildings, which do not have the above drawbacks The construction cost remains reasonable for a building with good mechanical strength and high fire resistance, most often

  from one hour to several hours, usually 2 hours or more.

  The building produced according to the invention comprises a plurality of elementary storage volumes, each formed of a plurality of elementary cells and arranged parallel to each other and parallel to a first axis of the building, said storage volumes being separated from each other. others by at least partly empty volumes, also of axes parallel to said first axis of the building, to allow the circulation of goods handling machines, characterized in that each elementary storage volume comprises a) a plurality of main posts in reinforced concrete, arranged substantially vertically, joining the foundations to the roof and formed by superimposing prefabricated reinforced concrete elementary posts, the junction of which is carried out on site, b) a plurality of the prefabricated reinforced concrete beams, arranged substantially horizontally and parallel to said first axis of the building, joignan t two successive main posts on several levels, having means for supporting the floor slabs, and ends capable of being fixed together in the associated superimposed elementary posts, c) a plurality of prefabricated wall panels in light fire-resistant concrete, arranged substantially vertically, between the elementary posts, d) a plurality of prefabricated floor slabs of light fire-resistant concrete, placed substantially horizontally on said support means for the beams, e) A plurality of beams (walls or eardrums) of reinforced concrete , prefabricated or cast in situ, arranged in a substantially horizontal direction and perpendicular to said first axis, rigidly connecting between them the top of each elementary post at the base of the elementary post which is superimposed on it and connecting the junction thus produced at the junction of the same kind of neighboring posts of the same storage volume located in said direction perpendicular to the first axis, said beams contributing to the transverse rigidity of the building, and f) a plurality of reinforced concrete beams joining the tops of at least part of the main posts and supporting the roof, said elementary posts being provided with longitudinal grooves or notches in sufficient number to allow, between at least part of the elementary posts adjacent to a storage volume, taken two by two, the insertion and holding in place of said panels

  vertical walls superimposed in light fire-resistant concrete.

  A light fire-resistant concrete is a concrete of specific weight at most equal to 800 kg per cubic meter and which withstands at least one hour at a fire of medium intensity. It can be achieved by incorporating

  materials of low specific gravity or hollow to a cement mortar.

  However, we prefer above all aerated concrete which will be defined in detail below. In the following, specific mention will be made of aerated concrete, it being understood that other light concretes could

be substituted for it.

  Many variants can be envisaged, in particular the following: The prefabricated vertical partitions in aerated concrete can be arranged on one, two or three sides of an elementary storage cell, with the exception of one side facing an empty volume intended for the movement of goods transport vehicles They are lowered between the posts using the grooves provided for this purpose They can then be blocked using a cement grout or

  mortar and / or introduce fire resistant joints.

  The means for supporting the floor slabs are preferably lateral notches formed on the defined beams

in (b) above.

  To further stiffen the construction, it is also possible to provide, at the top of the main posts, and joining these tops together, reinforced concrete beams both in a direction parallel to the

  first axis of the building and in a direction perpendicular to this axis.

  The roofing of the building can be made of any desired material Very advantageously, it can also use slabs

  made of aerated concrete with fire resistant seals.

  The exterior walls of the building may also include cellular concrete wall slabs provided that they are weathertight, or they may consist of a wall of

  reinforced concrete, concrete blocks or the like.

  The fixing to the ground of the lower elementary posts of each main post can be done by any suitable means known to those skilled in the art, and for example by rigid fixing in a reinforced concrete footing or wall poured in place or in cells provided in concrete blocks with subsequent sealing, using the pending pins. The dimensions of the various elements of the construction will be chosen to ensure both the rigidity of the construction, taking into account the weights of the materials to be stored and the desired fire protection duration, for example 2 hours The calculation is the responsibility of

  skilled in the art and will not be further developed here.

  In what follows, "concrete" or "reinforced concrete" refers to traditional concrete, defined below The use of another type of concrete,

  in particular cellular concrete, will be specifically indicated.

  The traditional concrete constituting the basic material of prefabricated reinforced concrete elementary posts and beams arranged at the junction of these posts is a well-known material and whose density varies from approximately 1500 to approximately 3000 kg / m 3 depending on whether '' it is low, medium or high density concrete We prefer in

  the invention a concrete with a density between 2200 and 2800 kglm 3.

  Aerated concrete is a well-known cement-based material which can be obtained by incorporating additives into the cement mortar which cause foaming of the mortar. After hardening, the concrete has a cellular structure Its density is usually between 300 and 800 kg / m 3, preferably 400 to 450 kg / m 3 It can be armed

or unarmed.

  For a description of the various types of cements, mortars and

  concrete, reference may be made to basic works, for example to the Kirk and Othmer Encyclopedia, vol 5, p 164-193, or to the Encyclopedia

  Ullmann, English edition, vol A 5, p 489-537.

  A typical cellular concrete, given as an example, is defined below: Composition: silica sand, cement, lime, aluminum powder

and adjuvants.

  Normal density: 400 to 450 kg / m 3.

  Melting point: 1 10000 to 1 2000 C. Reaction and resistance to fire: Non-combustible (MO), classified as hard material, by the Plenary Assembly of Fire Insurance Companies.

  Compressive strength, 30 to 35 kg / cmz on average.

  Tensile strength: 5 to 7 kg / cmz.

  Coefficient of surface thermal transmission of a wall of

  15 cm thick front: from 0.7 to 0.85 W / m Z O C 0.

  Fire resistance test report on a 15 cm thick wall of reinforced cellular concrete slabs: fire rating

6 hours.

  In the structure of the invention Reinforced concrete ensures the stability of the whole and the transfer of

  vertical and horizontal loads on the foundations.

  Cellular concrete ensures fire resistance (insulation against fire in each cell) and thanks to its low density (4 to 5 times lower than that of reinforced concrete), considerably reduces the influence

vertical loads.

  The implementation can be done for example as follows 1 st step: The posts are prefabricated by unitary sections of, for example, 4 to 8 m, preferably about 6 m, then sealed on the foundations and kept in vertical position in their lower part, for example by the walls of the concrete cells poured on site, over a height of about 0.5 to 1.5 m, for example 1 m (part

bottom of the alveoli not used).

  These walls have an important role in the stability of the structure in

  ensuring good embedding at the base of the structure.

  The prefabricated reinforced concrete beams, supports for the cellular concrete slabs of the floor of each cell are sealed on the posts so as to create an embedding at each level between beams and posts. This can be achieved by any suitable known means, for example by keying. , engagement in notches provided in advance, pouring mortar in a set of concrete irons left waiting, etc. The prefabricated vertical slabs of aerated concrete are slid from top to bottom in the notches of the posts with

  preferably installation of fire resistant seals.

  The prefabricated cellular concrete slabs of the floor of each cell are preferably put in place as they go along, so as to create working platforms to guide

  the installation of vertical plates, as well as that of the joints.

  Floor slabs can be simply laid on the beams, using the notches in the beams, or better fixed

  rigidly or elastically to these beams.

  The order of placement of the floor slabs and panels

walls is not critical.

  2nd stage Place the elementary posts of a second section vertically on the posts of the first section (1st floor), then pour the transverse reinforced concrete beams (walls) defined in paragraph (e) above, which seal the junction of the posts two by two and

  also give transverse rigidity to the building.

  The height of the beam, as for the base wall, can be

  0.5 to 1.5 m, preferably about 1 m.

  We then continue the work as for the first step by placing the reinforced concrete beams, etc. We repeat the 2 nd step as many times as necessary to obtain the desired height At the last step, we put the beams of reinforced concrete roofing fixedly attached to the top of the posts either only transversely or both transversely and longitudinally, and the roofing tiles are preferably laid

  also in cellular concrete, ensuring the necessary seal.

  Figures 1 to 8 illustrate various modes of implementation of the invention.

  Figure 1 is a side view of the building.

  Figure 2 is an end view of the building.

  Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the building.

  Figure 4 is a vertical section of the building along AA of the

figure 3.

  Figure 5 is a vertical section of the building along BB of the

figure 3.

  Figure 6 is a vertical section of the building along CC of Figure 3.

  Figure 7 shows a vertical section of a span.

  Figure 8 shows a horizontal section of a span.

  In the following description, the figures are illustrative and

  non-limiting. In Figure 1, we see the building seen from the outside, on the side of its largest dimension (length) The level of foundations 1 is 4.50 m We see the ground level 2 and the top of building 3, as well as main posts such as 4 and the walls which here are in precast panels in aerated concrete 6 The roof is represented by

5-

  Figure 2 shows the same building, seen from the outside, at one of

  its ends There are the same elements as in Figure 1.

  FIG. 3 is a horizontal section of the building at an intermediate level, for example halfway up an individual storage cell (or cell). We can see individual cells such as 10

  delimited by partitions in aerated concrete such as 7, 8 and 9.

  The posts are not visible due to the scale of the figure.

  Figure 4 is a vertical section of the building along AA (fig 3).

  It shows a plurality of individual cells such as 10.

  In Figure 5 (section along BB of Figure 3), we find the

  individual cells such as 10 with their partitions.

  In FIG. 6 (section along CC of FIG. 3), we see the floor slab of an elementary cell 11, a main pole 12, formed by superposition of elementary prefabricated reinforced concrete poles such as 13 and 14 (2 e and 3 rd stages of construction) and a beam (wall or tympanum) 15 ensuring transverse rigidity and the junction of

elementary posts.

  Each stage of construction, from the second begins with the installation of additional elementary posts superimposed on the previous ones, and their fixing in the corresponding beams such as These posts are in reinforced concrete poured on site or in concrete

  prefabricated, the assembly being done by pouring concrete.

  FIG. 7 represents a vertical section of a current span and FIG. 8 a horizontal section of the same span We see at 11 a floor slab in aerated concrete and in 7, 8 and 9 wall slabs in aerated concrete On sees in 16 and 17 the beams having a notch such as 18 and a nose 19 for supporting a floor slab. Grooves or notches such as 20, 21 are provided in the main beams such as 13 to pass and maintain the partitions in aerated concrete Similarly in the edge beams such

than 22 (groove 23).

  For example, a building with a height of

m above ground with 4 m in the basement.

  The main posts may have a section of 30 x 30 cm.

  Their length (elementary post) may be 5 to 7 m.

  The cellular concrete walls of the cells may have from 10 to

  20 cm thick, floors 15 to 25 cm thick.

e

Claims (6)

  1 storage building comprising a plurality of elementary storage volumes, each formed of a plurality of elementary cells and arranged parallel to each other and parallel to a first axis of the building, said storage volumes being separated from each other by at least partly empty volumes, also of axes parallel to said first axis of the building, to allow the circulation of goods handling equipment, characterized in that each elementary storage volume comprises a) a plurality of main posts in reinforced concrete, arranged substantially vertically, joining the foundations to the roof and formed by superimposing prefabricated reinforced concrete column posts, the junction of which is carried out on site, b) a plurality of the prefabricated reinforced concrete beams, arranged substantially horizontally and parallel to said audit first axis of the building, joining two posts main successive at several levels, presenting means for supporting the floor slabs, and ends capable of being fixedly secured in the associated superimposed elementary posts, c) a plurality of prefabricated wall panels of light fire-resistant concrete, arranged substantially vertically , between the elementary posts, d) a plurality of prefabricated floor slabs made of light fire-resistant concrete, laid substantially horizontally on said beam support means, e) a plurality of reinforced concrete, prefabricated beams (walls or tympans) or cast in place, arranged in a substantially horizontal direction and perpendicular to said first axis, rigidly connecting between them the top of each elementary post at the base of the elementary post which is superimposed on it and connecting the junction thus produced to the junction of the same kind neighboring posts of the same sto volume ckage located in said direction perpendicular to the first axis, said beams contributing to the transverse rigidity of the building, and f) a plurality of reinforced concrete beams joining the tops of at least part of the main posts and supporting the roof, said elementary posts being provided with longitudinal grooves or notches in sufficient number to allow, between at least part of the elementary posts adjacent to a storage volume, taken two by two, the insertion and holding in place of said panels   vertical walls superimposed in light fire-resistant concrete.   2 Building according to claim 1, wherein the lightweight concrete   fire resistant is aerated concrete.   3 Building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the means for supporting the floor slabs are lateral notches, made on the beams.   4 Building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in   which the light concrete is aerated concrete having a density of 300 to 800 kglm 3, preferably 400 to 450 kg / m 3 and the concrete present in the reinforced concrete at a density of 1500 to 3000 kg / m 3, of preferably 2200 to 2800 kg / m 3.   5 Building according to claim 1, wherein the fixing of   beams on the elementary posts is done by keying.   6 Method of building a building according to one of   claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in a first step,   the foundations are poured in place and a first group of prefabricated reinforced concrete elementary posts are sealed there, the beams are rigidly fixed to the posts in the longitudinal direction, the fire-resistant light concrete floors are laid between the neighboring elementary posts and the wall elements are placed between the longitudinal grooves or notches formed on the elementary posts; then in one or more subsequent stages, transverse reinforced concrete beams are put in place at the junction of two superimposed posts and the said junction is sealed there, and the operations of fixing the beams, laying the floors and repeating are repeated. placement of the wall elements of the first stage; Finally, in a final step, the posts are connected to their upper end by reinforced concrete beams, at   less in a transverse direction.