FR3100259A1 - PREFABRICATED MODULE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL OR A WALL DRESSED WITH NATURAL STONES PILED LIKE DRY STONE - Google Patents

Abstract

Prefabricated module (1) for the construction of a wall or a low wall clad with natural stones stacked like dry stones, in particular a retaining wall, a load-bearing wall, a decorative wall or the like, characterized in that the module ( 1) is a stackable module which comprises a block of binding material (2) and at least one facing (3) of natural stone, the block of binding material (2) having a bottom wall, a top wall, two opposite faces and two side walls, the at least one facing (3) being integral with at least one of the opposite faces of the block of binding material (2), and the block of binding material (2) further comprising at least one through reservation (4) for receiving connection means between stacked modules. Figure to be published with the abstract: Figure 1.

Description

PREFABRICATED MODULE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL OR A WALL COVERED WITH NATURAL STONES STACKED DRY-STONE LOOK

The present invention relates to the field of the construction of walls from prefabricated modules, in particular walls having a natural stone appearance.

The present invention thus relates to a prefabricated module for the construction of such walls.

It has been known for a very long time to build natural stone walls, used in particular as retaining walls for terrace cultivation.

However, the traditional walls in natural stones, in particular in dry stones, built by the traditional methods on the spot are expensive, long to assemble and lack resistance, moreover, they require the tedious assembly of masonry elements and therefore require a hand qualified work.

To overcome these drawbacks of conventional construction techniques, it has been proposed to build natural stone walls from prefabricated modules.

There are thus known prefabricated modules, commonly called gabions, which advantageously make it possible to produce retaining walls, noise barriers, decorative walls, etc. These modules are generally in a folded form, the metal mesh panels which constitute the facades, the bottom and the lid being folded on themselves, pre-assembled by means of metal spirals which hold them while allowing their pivoting movement. relative to when the module was formatted. Gabions often have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, but can also have more complex shapes, for example cylindrical. They are either shaped and filled on site, or pre-assembled and filled with stones on a construction site and then transported to the place of construction of the wall. The stone-filled modules are then lined up and stacked on top of each other to form a wall.

The main disadvantage of these modules is that they require a large volume of stones, as these are filled with stones. Another disadvantage is that the finished wall does not always have the aesthetic appearance of a natural stone wall, since the stones are often arranged in the gabions randomly, and are therefore not arranged horizontally on top of each other. The wire mesh also contributes, in all cases, to the lack of aesthetics of this type of module. In addition, such modules can be vandalized and cannot be used for the construction of load-bearing walls for the building.

There is therefore a need for a prefabricated module for the construction of a wall dressed in economic natural stones, requiring less stone than the existing modules, easy to transport and to set up, making it possible to build, if desired, a solid wall of great height, in particular a load-bearing wall, for example of at least 4 m, while retaining the aesthetic appearance of a natural stone wall for which the stones are arranged horizontally on top of each other.

To this end, the invention relates to a prefabricated module for the construction of a wall or a low wall clad in natural stones stacked like dry stones, in particular a retaining wall, a load-bearing wall, a decorative low wall or the like, characterized in that the module is a stackable module which comprises a block of binding material and at least one facing of natural stone, the block of binding material having a bottom wall, a top wall, two opposite faces and two side walls, the at least one facing being integral with at least one of the opposite faces of the block of binder material, and the block of binder material further comprising at least one through reservation for receiving connecting means between stacked modules.

Thanks to its stackable nature and to the presence of through reservations in which means of connection between stacked modules can be caused to extend once the wall has been built, the module according to the present invention allows the construction of a solid load-bearing wall, in particular of great height, dressed in natural stones stacked like dry stones.

Preferably, the natural stones are dry stones, in particular from quarries.

The binder material is preferably of the concrete type.

The prefabricated module according to the present invention may comprise at least two vertical through-recesses dimensioned to allow the casting of a stiffening post in each of the receptacles.

The presence of stiffening posts, which will constitute means of vertical connection between modules arranged one on top of the other, presence made possible by the vertical reservations, makes it possible to ensure the stability and the solidity of the wall, including a wall of great height.

Preferably, each vertical through reservation is cylindrical in shape and has a diameter of between 10 and 15 centimeters.

The prefabricated module according to the present invention may comprise a horizontal reservation, opening into the upper wall of the block of binding material, so as to allow the horizontal chaining of the module vis-à-vis an adjacent module.

This horizontal reservation may be provided in addition to the at least one vertical reservation or instead of it. It allows the horizontal connection between modules arranged next to each other, in particular for the modules at the top of the wall or in the intermediate part in the case of a high wall, and therefore to ensure stability and solidity. of the wall thus formed.

The module according to the present invention may further comprise a lifting anchor secured to the top wall of the block of binder material. The lifting anchor will allow easy handling of the module using a lifting device.

The module according to the present invention may have a depth of between 25 centimeters and 1 meter, and a length of at least 1 meter.

A depth of 25 centimeters may allow, for example, the construction of a covering wall, a depth of 50 centimeters may allow, for example, the construction of a retaining wall limited to 2.50 meters high, and a depth of 1 meter could allow, for example, the construction of a retaining wall about 4 meters high.

The module according to the present invention may further comprise a mesh welded into the block of binder material.

The natural stones of at least one facing can be arranged in rows stacked horizontally on top of each other, with a vertical offset between the inter-stone spaces of adjacent rows.

Advantageously, one of the faces called the front face of the module has a length greater than the length of the opposite face called the rear face of the module. Such a geometry of the module allows better drainage of the structure made from this module and promotes the installation of biodiversity (insects, reptiles, etc.).

To better illustrate the object of the present invention, a description will be given below, by way of indication and not of limitation, of several embodiments with reference to the appended drawing.

On this drawing :

is a top view of a prefabricated module according to a first embodiment of the invention;

is a front view of the prefabricated module of Figure 1;

is a view in longitudinal section of the prefabricated module of Figure 1, at the level of the through reservations, along section line AA in Figure 1;

is a top view of a prefabricated module according to a second embodiment of the invention;

is a side view of the prefabricated module of Figure 4;

is a view in longitudinal section of the prefabricated module of Figure 4, at the level of the through reservations, along section line AA in Figure 4;

is a top view of a prefabricated module according to a third embodiment of the invention;

is a cross-sectional view of the prefabricated module of Figure 7, at the level of the reservation, along section line CC in Figure 7;

is a longitudinal sectional view of the prefabricated module of Figure 7, taken along section line AA in Figure 7; And

is a top view of two prefabricated modules according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, the two modules being aligned.

If we refer to Figures 1 to 3, we can see that a prefabricated module 1 has been shown according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Such a prefabricated module 1 can be used for the construction of a wall dressed with natural stones stacked like dry stones, in particular dry stones, such as a load-bearing wall.

The prefabricated module 1 according to this first embodiment of the invention has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having a front face 1a, a rear face 1b, two left 1c and right 1d side faces, an upper face 1e and a lower face 1f.

This prefabricated module 1 comprises a block 2 of binder material and two facings 3 of dry stone. In particular, the module 1 comprises a first dry stone facing 3 forming the front face 1a of the module 1, a second dry stone facing 3 forming the rear face 1b of the module 1 and a block of binding material 2 between the first and second facings 3. The first and second facings 3 are secured to two opposite faces of the block of binding material 2. The first and second facings 3 and the block of binding material 2 have the same height and the same length.

The binder material block 2 is made by casting a binder material, preferably concrete having a specific formulation. For example, the concrete can have the following formulation: 300 kg/m ³ of cement 32.5, 170 liters/m ³ of water, 862 kg/m3 of limestone sand 0/2, 936 kg/m ³ of limestone gravel 4/10, 20 litres/m ³ of air and 2.1 litres/m ³ of SKY 841 superplasticizer. This concrete has a theoretical density of 2.27 T/m ³ .

As can be seen in Figure 2, the dry stone facings 3 are made by the specific arrangement of stones placed one above the other. In particular, each facing 3 comprises several rows of stones aligned on top of each other. The stones have their faces directed towards the outside of module 1 aligned in the same plane. The vertical spaces between two adjacent stones of the same row are offset from the vertical spaces between two adjacent stones of a neighboring row, thus avoiding saber blows.

This prefabricated module 1 further comprises two vertical cross-sections 4 and a housing incorporating a lifting anchor 5.

The through reservations 4 are made in block 2. These reservations 4 are here cylindrical in shape and extend from the upper face 1e or top wall 2e of block 2 to the lower face 1f or bottom wall 2f of block 2. The two reservations 4 are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the module 1 and spaced from each other. The two reservations 4 are dimensioned to be crossed by stiffening posts (not shown) in order to allow a vertical connection between modules 1.

The housing for the lifting anchor 5 is located substantially at the center of the module 1, in the second top wall of the block of binder material 2, and between the two vertical through reservations 4. The lifting anchor 5 is therefore sealed in the binder material block 2.

Regarding the dimensions of the prefabricated module 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention, the module 1 preferably has a length of 1 meter, a depth of 50 centimeters and a height of 50 centimeters. The vertical through reservations 4 can have a diameter of 15 centimeters.

If we now refer to Figures 4 to 6, we can see that there is shown a prefabricated module 1 'according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Such a prefabricated module 1' can be used, in addition to module 1, for the construction of a load-bearing wall of greater height than a wall consisting solely of modules 1 according to the first embodiment.

This module 1′ is similar to module 1 shown in Figures 1 to 3. However, in addition to the vertical through-hole reservations 4, it also includes a horizontal through-hole reservation 6.

The horizontal through reservation 6 extends over the entire length of the module 1', from the left side wall 1c to the right side wall 1d. It emerges at the level of the upper wall 1e of the module 1'. In particular, the horizontal crossing reservation 6 is made in the block of binder material 2, at the level of its second top wall. The horizontal through reservation 6 has the shape of an isosceles trapezium in cross section.

In this second embodiment, the housing integrating the lifting anchor 5 is located at the bottom of the horizontal through reservation 6. Similarly, the vertical through reservations 4 extend from the bottom of the horizontal reservation 6 to the bottom wall 2f of binder material block 2.

As regards the dimensions, the horizontal reservation 6 preferably has a depth of 30 centimeters at the level of the upper wall 1e of the module 1' and a height of 20 centimeters. Thus, the horizontal reservation 6 allows the passage of horizontal chainings (not shown) for the connection between horizontally adjacent modules.

If we now refer to Figures 7 to 9, we can see that we have shown a prefabricated module 1 '' according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Such a prefabricated 1'' module can be used for the construction of a building cladding wall.

Unlike the modules 1, 1' according to the first and second embodiments of the invention, this module 1'' comprises only one dry stone facing 3. In particular, this prefabricated module 1'' comprises a block 2 made of a bonding material and a dry stone facing 3 secured to one of the faces of the block 2 and covering the latter, in particular the front face 2a of the block 2. The module 1 '' also comprises a horizontal through reservation 7 made in the block of binding material 2 and extending from the rear face 2b to the front face 2a of the block 2, substantially at the center of the module 1''. This reservation 7 opens into the upper wall 1e of the 1'' module.

As in the previous embodiments, the 1'' module also includes a housing integrating a lifting anchor 5. This housing is made in the center of the 1'' module, in the bottom of the reservation 7.

The block of binder material 2 further comprises a welded mesh 8 arranged in a vertical plane over the length of the module 1'' and below the reservation 7. This mesh 8 makes it possible to stiffen the module 1'' whose dimensions in depth are smaller than those for the modules 1, 1' intended for the construction of load-bearing walls.

In particular, the 1″ prefabricated module according to the third embodiment preferably has a depth of 25 centimeters, a height of 50 centimeters and a length of 1 meter.

If we refer to Figure 10, we can see that there are shown two prefabricated 1''' modules according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Such a prefabricated 1''' module can be used for the construction of a retaining wall.

In the same way as the module 1" according to the third embodiment of the invention, this module 1''' comprises only one dry stone facing 3. In particular, this prefabricated module 1''' comprises a block 2 made of a binding material and a dry stone facing 3 integral with one of the faces of the block 2 and covering the latter, in particular the front face 2a of the block 2. The module 1''' also comprises several vertical crossing reservations 4 made in the block of binder material 2.

As in the previous embodiments, module 1''' also includes a housing integrating a lifting anchor 5. This housing is made in the center of module 1''', between two vertical reservations 4.

Unlike the modules 1, 1' and 1" according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention, this module 1''' does not have a rectangular parallelepiped shape, but a trapezoidal shape. Indeed, the rear face 1b of the module 1''' is shorter than the front face 1a comprising the facing 3. In particular, the ratio of lengths between the length of the front face 1a and the length of the rear face 1b is such that the distance separating two modules 1''' consecutive aligned is of the order of 100 mmm at the level of the rear face 1b of the 1''' modules.

Such a trapezoidal shape allows better drainage of the wall thus produced and promotes the installation of biodiversity.

The 1″ prefabricated module according to the fourth embodiment preferably has a depth of 50 centimeters, a height of between 30 and 50 centimeters and a maximum length of between 1 and 2 meters. In particular, in the case of a 1''' module having a front face 1a 1 meter long, the rear face 1b has a length of 90 cm. In the case of a 1''' module having a front face 1a 2 meters long, the rear face 1b has a length of 1.90 meters.

It should be noted that these dimensions are given as an example. The 1, 1', 1'', 1''' module could have any depth, preferably between 25 centimeters and 1 meter, and a length greater than 1 meter, depending on the desired use.

Moreover, although the embodiments described relate to modules 1, 1', 1'', 1''' provided with dry stone facings 3, it would also be possible to produce modules provided with mortared stone facings.

The 1, 1′, 1″, 1″ prefabricated module according to the present invention is an easy to manufacture and inexpensive module.

In particular, the method of manufacturing a prefabricated module 1, 1', 1'', 1''' according to the invention comprises: placing natural stones in a mold according to a predetermined arrangement, placing inserts for the formation of the reservations 4, 6, 7, and the casting of a binding material so as to seal each stone and to form the block of binding material 2 with the at least one through reservation 4, 6, 7 .

The prefabricated 1, 1’, 1’’, 1’’ module is easy to transport and handle due to the presence of a lifting anchor 5 built into the module.

Furthermore, a plurality of modules 1, 1′, 1″, 1″ according to the invention can be stacked for the construction of a wall or for the covering of a building facade.

Thus, for the construction of a wall or a covering, it is advisable to place the modules 1, 1', 1'', 1''' next to each other and one above the other, in particular using a lifting device cooperating with the integrated lifting anchor 5, then linking the modules to each other. For example, once the modules 1, 1', 1'', 1''' have been stacked, stiffening posts or other filler material may for example be cast in the vertical crossing reservations 4 for a vertical connection, and horizontal chainings and filler materials may be caused to extend into the horizontal through reservations 6, 7 for a horizontal connection. The wall thus constructed has increased solidity compared to conventional walls, while presenting the aesthetic appearance of a natural stone wall.

Claims (11)

Prefabricated module (1; 1'; 1''; 1'') for the construction of a wall or a low wall clad in natural stones stacked like dry stones, in particular a retaining wall, a load-bearing wall, a low wall decorative or the like, characterized in that the module (1; 1'; 1''; 1''') is a stackable module which comprises a block of binding material (2) and at least one facing (3) of stones natural materials, the block of binder material (2) having a bottom wall (2f), a top wall (2e), two opposite faces (2a, 2b) and two side walls (2c, 2d), the at least one facing (3) being integral with at least one of the opposite faces (2a, 2b) of the block of binder material (2), and the block of binder material (2) further comprising at least one through reservation (4, 6, 7) for receiving connecting means between stacked modules. Prefabricated module (1; 1'; 1''; 1'') according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural stones are dry stones. Prefabricated module (1; 1'; 1''; 1'') according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the binding material is of the concrete type. Prefabricated module (1; 1'; 1''') according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least two vertical through reservations (4) sized to allow the casting of a stiffening post in each of the reservations (4). Prefabricated module (1; 1'; 1'') according to Claim 4, characterized in that each vertical through-recess (4) is cylindrical in shape and has a diameter of between 10 and 15 centimeters. Prefabricated module (1; 1'; 1'') according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a horizontal reservation (6; 7), opening out into the upper wall (2e) of the block of material binder (2), so as to allow the horizontal chaining of the module vis-à-vis an adjacent module. Prefabricated module (1; 1'; 1''; 1''') according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises a lifting anchor (5) integral with the top wall (2e) of the binder material block (2). Prefabricated module (1; 1'; 1''; 1'') according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a depth of between 25 centimeters and 1 meter, and a length of at least 1 meter. Prefabricated module (1'') according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it also comprises a welded mesh (8) in the block of binding material (2). Prefabricated module (1; 1'; 1''; 1'') according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the natural stones of the at least one facing (3) are arranged in stacked rows horizontally on top of each other, with a vertical offset between the inter-stone spaces of adjacent rows. Prefabricated module (1''') according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that one of the faces called the front face (1a) of the module has a length greater than the length of the opposite face called the rear face. (1b) of the module.