FR2821633A1 - Prefabricated composite wall-building block has outer layers of impact-resistant material extended to fit into foundation rail - Google Patents

Abstract

A block (2), prefabricated in one piece from a composite material, has at least two opposite faces (3, 4) covered with layers of an impact-resistant material (5), such as galvanised steel, aluminium or plastic. The layers are turned inwards and downwards under the base of the block to form extensions (9) that can be fitted into a hollow foundation rail (13) filled with concrete. A block (2), prefabricated in one piece from a composite material, has at least two opposite faces (3, 4) covered with layers of an impact-resistant material (5), such as galvanised steel, aluminium or plastic. The layers are turned inwards and downwards under the base of the block to form extensions (9) that can be fitted into a hollow foundation rail (13) filled with concrete. The extensions are preferably 150 mm deep and have evenly spaced or random holes (10) of about 50 - 500 sq mm to engage with the concrete before it sets. The top surface (6) of the block can have a finishing layer of foam, fibres, plaster, wood or mortar.

Description

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PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT, COMPOSITE, MONOBLOCK, AND ITS USE FOR MOUNTING A WALL
The present invention relates to a prefabricated, composite, monobloc building element, to its use for mounting a wall, and to a wall comprising it.

 The various modern modern constructions are most often made up of a wall obtained from a multitude of individual, classic construction elements which are assembled and built directly on site.

 However, such constructions have the drawback in particular of requiring several supplies of construction elements of high mass, leading to various restrictive handling operations for unloading and storage for the mason, before being built.

 Other drawbacks specific to such construction elements are linked to the long construction time of the wall due to the assembly of large quantities of unit elements, as well as to possible assembly faults due to errors. human.

 Also, there is the need to have a prefabricated, composite, monobloc construction element making it possible to build a wall more simply, more quickly with only a few unitary elements and at lower costs.

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 The subject of the invention is therefore a prefabricated, composite, monobloc building element characterized in that it is constituted by a base substantially forming a polyhedron with six parallel faces two by two, of which at least two opposite faces are each completely covered by at least one sheet of an impact-resistant material, said sheet projecting on one and the same side of each covered side, and over the entire length of said side, forming a return directed towards the inside of the base, said back comprising a vertical extension of said sheet, directed towards the outside of the base.

 The element of the invention has the advantage of being able to be manufactured industrially easily and in series, of being lighter than elements of conventional construction, of being easy to implement, of allowing the total rise of a wall by the use of only a few unitary elements and being able to be used according to use, as a load-bearing or self-supporting element.

- creuser une tranchée dans la terre, - à insérer dans ladite tranchée un rail qui épouse sensiblement le pourtour géométrique de la tranchée, et qui comprend sur chacune de ses parties supérieures, un retour, à verser dans la tranchée un matériau liquide qui se solidifie au cours du temps, The subject of the invention is also a use of the element as defined above, for mounting a wall, and which consists in:

- dig a trench in the ground, - insert into said trench a rail which substantially follows the geometric periphery of the trench, and which comprises on each of its upper parts, a return, to pour into the trench a liquid material which solidifies over time,

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 characterized in that it then consists in incorporating into the liquid material said construction element by the side where the extensions are arranged. The liquid material can be concrete, plaster, resins.

 The final object of the invention is a wall characterized in that it consists of at least one element as defined above.

 According to a variant, when the extension is disposed continuously over the entire length of the same side of the two opposite faces of the covered base, the element of the invention may comprise orifices arranged, over the entire surface of said extension, so regular or random, and having an average opening of about 50 to 500 mm2. The orifices can be in different geometric shapes, such as square, circular, rectangular, oblong.

 Each extension can comprise between 30 and 60% of openings arranged in a regular or random manner over its entire surface.

 The extension of the element according to the invention can have a height ranging from approximately 50 to 250 mm, and preferably 150 mm.

 The return of the element preferably has a thickness ranging from around 5 to 50 mm and more preferably from 20 mm.

 The base of the element is made up of a material chosen from polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, mineral or synthetic fibers, concretes, light plasters, and their

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 mixtures.

 The impact-resistant material can be chosen as desired, from metals, acrylic compounds, vinyl compounds, glass fibers, synthetic fibers, wood, fiber cement, mortar, thick plastic coatings, and mixtures thereof.

 This impact-resistant material may have a thickness ranging from approximately 0.5 mm to 5 mm depending on the nature.

 The extension can be made of the same material or different from that of the sheet. In the case where it is of different constitution, conventional connection means in the building industry may possibly be necessary to obtain a correct connection between the extension and the sheet.

 The extension can be chosen as desired from metals, acrylic compounds, vinyl compounds, glass fibers, synthetic fibers, wood, fiber cement, mortar, thick plastic coatings, and mixtures thereof.

 The base may preferably have substantially the shape of a parallelepiped, or even that of a rectangular parallelepiped.

 When the base has substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, its total length L can range from approximately 5 cm to 30 m, its total thickness E can vary from approximately 5 to 50 cm and its total height H can be between 10 cm and 4 m.

 In order to allow the superposition of two unitary construction elements, of which only the element

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 lower consists of the element according to the invention, the base of the lower element can then comprise, on its upper face, not covered by the protective sheet, at least one groove, preferably arranged in the center, and intended to receiving an intermediate fixing means to the two superimposed unit elements. Such a superimposition may have the aim of constructing part or all of a building facade wall, or simply of a fencing wall.

 The intermediate fixing means can be constituted by mechanical fixing means such as screws, nails, or among chemical fixings such as glues or mixtures of these types of fixing.

 The upper unitary construction element, fixed to the upper face of the element of the invention, preferably does not include either a return or an extension as defined according to the invention. This upper unitary element can also comprise at least one groove on its upper face as well as on its lower face. The groove arranged on its upper face which can be intended to receive a fixing element which can slide therein or be fitted therein, and the groove arranged on its lower face which can be intended to slide on the mechanical fixing means placed in the groove of the element of the invention.

 The fastening element may be a profile which fits into the groove.

 Just like the building element of the invention serving as a basic material for the mounting of a wall, the

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 opposite sides of the upper element are preferably covered by a sheet made of a material which may be identical or different to the sheet of the element of the invention, but preferably being chosen from the same materials so as to make it more harmonious the exterior surface of the wall, and also more waterproof against bad weather.

 The element of the invention may also comprise on its upper face directly a finishing element, fixed mechanically and / or chemically, and which may for example have the form of a roof or any possible geometric forms of finish-decoration.

 This finishing element can also be fixed on the upper face of an upper element already fixed on a unitary element according to the invention.

 The finishing element may, for example, comprise a base made of a material chosen from polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, mineral fibers, synthetic fibers, light concrete, light plasters.

 This finishing element may comprise on all or part of its opposite lateral faces at least one covering coating, impact resistant, and made of a material chosen from metals, acrylic compounds, vinyl compounds, glass fibers, fibers synthetics, wood, fiber cement, mortar, thick plastic coatings, and mixtures thereof.

 The invention will now be described with the aid of the figures which follow and which are given solely by way of illustration.

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Figure 1 shows in three dimensions, and schematically, the unitary building element according to the invention.

 Figure 2 shows in three dimensions and schematically, the fixing of the element of the invention at the start of the construction of a wall.

 As can be seen in Figure 1, the unitary element according to the invention generally represented by the reference 1, is constituted by a base 2 composed for example of polystyrene, and having substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

- Hauteur (H)..... : 2 mètres 2 - Epaisseur (E)... : 0, 5 mètre - Longueur (L).... : 1 mètre
Les faces latérales 3 et 4 opposées l'une à l'autre de la base 2 sont chacune recouverte, sur toute leur surface, par une feuille 5 métallique comprenant essentiellement de l'acier galvanisé ou de l'aluminium, et ayant une épaisseur d'environ 0,5 mm. La feuille 5 recouvre également la face supérieure 6 sur une largeur d'environ 20 mm, de façon à renforcer la fixation de la feuille 5 sur les faces opposées 3 et 4. This base has the following dimensions:

- Height (H) .....: 2 meters 2 - Thickness (E) ...: 0.5 meters - Length (L) ....: 1 meter
The lateral faces 3 and 4 opposite one another of the base 2 are each covered, over their entire surface, by a metal sheet 5 essentially comprising galvanized steel or aluminum, and having a thickness d '' about 0.5 mm. The sheet 5 also covers the upper face 6 over a width of approximately 20 mm, so as to reinforce the fixing of the sheet 5 on the opposite faces 3 and 4.

 The metal sheet 5 can be fixed by any known means, such as bonding or mechanical fixing means.

 On each of the sides 3 and 4, the sheet 5 projects from the underside 7 of the base 2, so as to form a return 8.

 The return 8, having a thickness of approximately 2 cm, is directed towards the inside of the base 2.

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The return 8 then comprises a vertical extension 9 directed towards the outside of the base 2.

2 une ouverture moyenne d'environ 1 cm. The extension 9 is present over the entire length of the base 2 and comprises several orifices 10 arranged randomly. The orifices 10 have

2 an average opening of about 1 cm.

 The extension has a height of approximately 150 mm. The sheet 5, the return 8 and the extension 9 are all made of the same material, namely galvanized steel or aluminum.

 During the manufacture of the element 1, the metal sheet 5 which covers certain faces is applied by gluing to the base so that the sheet matches some of the geometric contours of the base 2.

 The return 8 is obtained in a conventional manner by mechanically working the metal sheet 5.

 The upper face 6 of the element of the invention comprises a central groove 11, both of width and depth both of about 4 mm, arranged over the entire length L of the base 2.

 This groove 11 allows both to insert a fixing means, such as a strip, but it can also be used as a guide for the correct alignment of the different unit elements 1 of the wall.

 To install the element of the invention and assemble it with other components of the wall, the procedure is as follows.

 As can be seen in FIG. 2, a trench is represented in the earth, represented by the general reference 12.

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 This trench 12 has substantially the shape of a parallelepiped having a depth P of approximately 30 cm, a lower base BI of approximately 25 cm and an upper base BS of approximately 18 cm.

 A rail 13, preferably metallic, which substantially matches the shapes of the trench 12, is inserted into this trench 12.

 The rail 13 comprises on each of its upper parts 14 a return 15 having a thickness of approximately 2 cm.

 Once the trench 12 covered with the rail 13, concrete is poured into the volume of this trench to fill it between about 90 to 98% of its total volume.

 The still liquid concrete is leveled correctly, then the construction element of the invention 1 is incorporated into the volume of the rail 13 filled with concrete, still in the pasty state. The element 1 is inserted on the side where the two extensions are located 9. The returns 15 of the rail serve as a guide for the extensions 9 to facilitate the positioning of the element 1 in the volume of the rail. The orifices 10 present on the extensions 9 allow the correct distribution of the concrete present in the volume of the rail 13, without risking an overflow of the concrete towards the outside of the rail, and above all a better anchoring between the rail partially filled with concrete, and the extensions 9 fitted with orifices.

 After its insertion into the rail 13, the element 1 is adjusted and maintained by external means (not shown) allowing its correct positioning until the concrete has solidified.

Claims (19)

CLAIMS 1. Prefabricated, composite, monobloc building element, characterized in that it is constituted by a base (2) substantially forming a polyhedron with six parallel faces two by two, of which at least two opposite faces (3,4) are each completely covered by at least one sheet (5) of an impact-resistant material, said sheet (5) projecting on one and the same side of each side (3,4) covered, and over the entire length of said side , by forming a return (8) directed towards the inside of the base (2), said return (8) comprising a vertical extension (9) of said sheet (5), directed towards the outside of the base (2) .  2. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that when the extension (9) is disposed continuously over the entire length of the same side of the two opposite faces (3,4) of the base (2) covered, it comprises orifices (10) arranged, over the entire surface of said extension (9), in a regular or random manner and, having an average opening

 2 of about 50 to 500 mm.  3. Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extension (9) has a height ranging from about 50 to 250 mm, and preferably 150 mm.  4. Element according to claim 1, characterized in <Desc / Clms Page number 11>  that the return (8) has a thickness ranging from about 5 to 50 mm and preferably 20 mm.  5. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (2) consists of a material chosen from polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, mineral or synthetic fibers, concretes, light plasters, and mixtures thereof .  6. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact-resistant material is chosen from metals, acrylic compounds, vinyl compounds, glass fibers, synthetic fibers, wood, fiber cement, mortar, thick plastic coatings, and mixtures thereof.  7. Element according to one of claims 1 or 6, characterized in that the impact resistant material has a thickness ranging from about 0.5 mm to 5 mm.  8. Element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the extension (9) is made of an identical material.  9. Element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the extension (9) is made of a material different from that of the sheet.  10. Element according to one of claims 1, 2,3, 8 or 9, characterized in that the extension (9) is <Desc / Clms Page number 12>  made of a material chosen from metals, acrylic compounds, vinyl compounds, glass fibers, synthetic fibers, wood, fiber cement, mortar, thick plastic coatings, and mixtures thereof.  11. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (2) has substantially the shape of a parallelepiped.  12. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (2) has substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having a total length ranging from approximately 5 cm to 30 m, a total thickness ranging from approximately 5 to 50 cm and a total height ranging from about 10 cm to 4 m.  13. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (2) comprises, on its upper face not covered by the sheet (5), at least one groove (11) intended to receive a fixing means so as to overlap two elements on top of each other for the construction of a wall.  14. Element according to claim 13, characterized in that the fixing means is chosen from mechanical, chemical fixing means or their mixtures.  15. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (2) comprises on its upper face <Desc / Clms Page number 13>  (6) a finishing element fixed mechanically and / or chemically.  16. Element according to claim 15, characterized in that the finishing element comprises a base made of a material chosen from polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, mineral fibers, synthetic fibers, light concrete, plasters light, and a covering coating, impact resistant and, made of a material chosen from metals, acrylic compounds, vinyl compounds, glass fibers, synthetic fibers, wood, fiber cement, mortar, plastic coatings thick.  17. Use of the element as defined according to one of claims 1 to 16, for mounting a wall consisting of: - digging a trench (12) in the ground, - inserting into said trench (12) a rail ( 13) which substantially matches the geometric periphery of the trench (12), and which comprises on each of its upper parts (14), a return (15), - to pour into the trench (12) a liquid material which solidifies at the over time, characterized in that it then consists in incorporating into said liquid material said building element by the side where the extensions are arranged (9). <Desc / Clms Page number 14>  18. Use according to claim 17, characterized in that the return (15) has a thickness of approximately 2 cm.  19. Wall characterized in that it consists of at least one element according to one of claims 1 to 16.