BE1027537A1 - PREFABRICATED MODULE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL OR A WALL DRESSED WITH NATURAL STONES PILED LIKE DRY STONE - Google Patents

Abstract

Prefabricated module (1) for the construction of a wall or a low wall clad with natural stone stacked like dry stone, in particular a retaining wall, a load-bearing wall, a decorative wall or the like, characterized in that the module ( 1) is a stackable module which comprises a block of binding material (2) and at least one facing (3) of natural stone, the block of binding material (2) having a bottom wall, a top wall, two opposite faces and two side walls, the at least one facing (3) being integral with at least one of the opposite faces of the block of binding material (2), and the block of binding material (2) further comprising at least one through reservation (4) for receiving connection means between stacked modules.

Description

DESCRIPTION PREFABRICATED MODULE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL OR A WALL DRESSED WITH NATURAL STONES STACKED STONE-LOOK

DRYERS The present invention relates to the field of the construction of walls from prefabricated modules, in particular walls having a natural stone appearance.

The present invention thus relates to a prefabricated module for the construction of such walls.

It has long been known to build natural stone walls, used in particular as retaining walls for terraced crops.

However, traditional walls of natural stone, especially dry stone, built by conventional methods on site are expensive, long to assemble and lack strength, moreover, they require the tedious assembly of masonry elements and therefore require a hand. skilled labor.

To overcome these drawbacks of conventional construction techniques, it has been proposed to build natural stone walls from prefabricated modules.

Prefabricated modules are thus known, commonly called gabions, which advantageously make it possible to produce retaining walls, noise walls, decorative walls, etc. These modules are generally in a folded form, the metal mesh panels which constitute the facades, the bottom and the cover being folded back on themselves, pre-assembled by means of metal spirals which hold them while allowing their pivoting movement. relative to when the module was formatted. Gabions often have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, but can also have more complex shapes, for example cylindrical.

They are either shaped and filled on site, or pre-assembled and filled with stones on a site and then transported to the place of construction of the wall.

The modules filled with stones are then aligned and stacked on top of each other to form a wall.

The main disadvantage of these modules is that they require a large volume of stones, these being filled with stones.

Another disadvantage is that the finished wall does not always have the aesthetic appearance of a natural stone wall, since the stones are often arranged in the gabions in a random fashion, and therefore are not arranged horizontally on top of each other.

The wire mesh also contributes, in all cases, to the lack of aesthetics of this type of module.

In addition, such modules can be vandalized and cannot be used for the construction of load-bearing walls for the building.

There is therefore a need for a prefabricated module for the construction of a wall clad in natural stones, economical, less consuming in stones than the existing modules, easy to transport and to set up, making it possible to build, if desired, a solid wall of great height, in particular a load-bearing wall, such as for example at least 4 m, while retaining the aesthetic appearance of a wall made of natural stones for which the stones are placed horizontally on top of each other.

To this end, the invention relates to a prefabricated module for the construction of a wall or a low wall covered with natural stones stacked like dry stones, in particular a retaining wall, a load-bearing wall, a decorative wall or the like, characterized in that the module is a stackable module which comprises a block of binding material and at least one natural stone facing, the block of binding material having a bottom wall, a top wall, two opposite faces and two side walls, the at least one facing being integral with at least one of the opposite faces of the block of binder material, and the block of binder material further comprising at least one through reservation for receiving connecting means between stacked modules.

Thanks to its stackable nature and to the presence of the through reservations in which the connecting means between stacked modules can be made to extend once the wall is built, the module according to the present invention allows the construction of a solid load-bearing wall, particularly tall, dressed in natural stones stacked like dry stones.

Preferably, the natural stones are dry stones, in particular from quarries.

The binder material is preferably of the concrete type.

The prefabricated module according to the present invention can comprise at least two vertical through-holes dimensioned to allow the casting of a stiffening post in each of the reservations.

The presence of stiffening posts, which will constitute means of vertical connection between modules arranged one on top of the other, a presence made possible by the vertical reservations, makes it possible to ensure the stability and solidity of the wall, including a large wall. height.

Preferably, each vertical through reservation is cylindrical in shape and has a diameter of between 10 and 15 centimeters.

The prefabricated module according to the present invention may include a horizontal reservation, opening into the upper wall of the block of binding material, so as to allow horizontal chaining of the module with respect to an adjacent module.

This horizontal reservation may be provided in addition to or in place of at least one vertical reservation. It allows the horizontal connection between the modules arranged one beside the other, in particular for the modules at the top of the wall or in intermediate part in the case of a high wall, and thus to ensure the stability and the solidity. of the wall thus formed.

The module according to the present invention may further comprise a lifting anchor integral with the top wall of the block of binding material. The lifting anchor will allow easy handling of the module using a lifting device.

The module according to the present invention can have a depth of between 25 centimeters and 1 meter, and a length of at least 1 meter.

A depth of 25 centimeters could allow, for example, the realization of a covering wall, a depth of 50 centimeters could allow, for example, the realization of a retaining wall limited to 2.50 meters high, and a depth of 1 meter could allow, for example, the realization of a retaining wall about 4 meters high.

The module according to the present invention may further comprise a mesh welded in the block of binding material.

The natural stones of at least one facing can be arranged in rows stacked horizontally on top of each other, with a vertical offset between the inter-stone spaces of adjacent rows. Advantageously, one of the faces called the front face of the module has a length greater than the length of the opposite face called the rear face of the module. Such a geometry of the module allows better drainage of the structure made from this module and promotes the installation of biodiversity (insects, reptiles, etc.).

To better illustrate the object of the present invention, several embodiments will be described below, by way of indication and without limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawing.

In this drawing: [Fig. 1] is a top view of a prefabricated module according to a first embodiment of the invention; [Fig. 2] is a front view of the prefabricated module of Figure 1; [Fig. 3] is a longitudinal sectional view of the prefabricated module of Figure 1, at the level of the through reservations, along section line A-A in Figure 1; [Fig. 4] is a top view of a prefabricated module according to a second embodiment of the invention; [Fig. 5] is a side view of the prefabricated module of Figure 4; [Fig. 6] is a longitudinal sectional view of the prefabricated module of Figure 4, at the level of the through reservations, along section line A-A in Figure 4; [Fig. 7] is a top view of a prefabricated module according to a third embodiment of the invention;

[Fig. 8] is a cross-sectional view of the prefabricated module of Figure 7, at the level of the recess, along section line C-C in Figure 7; [Fig. 9] is a longitudinal sectional view of the prefabricated module of Figure 7, taken along section line A-A in Figure 7; and [Fig. 10] is a top view of two prefabricated modules according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, the two modules being aligned.

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, it can be seen that a prefabricated module 1 has been shown according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Such a prefabricated module 1 can be used for the construction of a wall clad with natural stones stacked like dry stones, in particular dry stones, such as a load-bearing wall.

The prefabricated module 1 according to this first embodiment of the invention has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having a front face 1a, a rear face 1b, two left 1c and right 1d side faces, an upper face 1c and a lower face 1f.

This prefabricated module 1 comprises a block 2 of binder material and two facings 3 of dry stones. In particular, the module 1 comprises a first dry stone facing 3 forming the front face 1a of the module 1, a second dry stone facing 3 forming the rear face lb of the module 1 and a block of binding material 2 between the first and second facings 3. The first and second facings 3 are made integral with two opposite faces of the block of binding material 2. The first and second facings 3 and the block of binding material 2 have the same height and the same length.

The block of binding material 2 is produced by pouring a binding material, preferably concrete having a specific formulation. For example, concrete can have the following formulation: 300 kg / m? of cement 32.5, 170 liters / m 'of water, 862 kg / m3 of limestone sand 0/2, 936 kg / m' of limestone 4/10, 20 liters / m 'of air and 2.1 liters / m 'of SKY 841 superplasticizer. This concrete has a theoretical density of 2.27 T / m'.

As can be seen in Figure 2, the dry stone facings 3 are made by the specific arrangement of stones placed one above the other. In particular, each facing 3 comprises several rows of stones aligned with one another. The stones have their faces directed towards the outside of the module 1 aligned in the same plane. The vertical spaces between two adjacent stones in the same row are offset from the vertical spaces between two adjacent stones in a neighboring row, thus avoiding saber blows.

This prefabricated module 1 further comprises two vertical through-holes 4 and a housing incorporating a lifting anchor 5.

The through reservations 4 are made in the block 2. These reservations 4 are here of cylindrical shape and extend from the upper face of the top wall 2e of the block 2 to the lower face 1f or the bottom wall 2f of the block 2. The two reservations 4 are aligned along the longitudinal axis of the module 1 and spaced from one another. The two reservations 4 are dimensioned to be crossed by stiffening posts (not shown) in order to allow a vertical connection between modules 1.

The housing for the lifting anchor 5 is located substantially in the center of the module 1, in the top wall 2e of the block of binding material 2, and between the two vertical through reservations 4. The lifting anchor 5 is therefore sealed in the block of binding material 2.

Regarding the dimensions of the prefabricated module 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention, the module 1 preferably has a length of 1 meter, a depth of 50 centimeters and a height of 50 centimeters. The vertical through reservations 4 can have a diameter of 15 centimeters.

Referring now to Figures 4 to 6, it can be seen that there has been shown a prefabricated module 1 ”according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Such a prefabricated module 1 'can be used, in addition to module 1, for the construction of a load-bearing wall of greater height than a wall consisting only of modules 1 according to the first embodiment.

This module 1 ’is similar to module 1 shown in Figures 1 to 3. However, in addition to the vertical through reservations 4, it also includes a horizontal through reservation 6.

The horizontal through reservation 6 extends over the entire length of module 1 ’, from the left side wall lc to the right side wall ld. It opens at the level of the upper wall of the module 1 ’. In particular, the horizontal through reservation 6 is made in the block of binding material 2, at its top wall 2e. The horizontal through reservation 6 has the shape of an isosceles trapezoid in cross section.

In this second embodiment, the housing incorporating the lifting anchor 5 is located at the bottom of the horizontal through reservation 6. Likewise, the vertical through reservations 4 extend from the bottom of the horizontal reservation 6 to the bottom wall 2f of the block of binding material 2.

Regarding the dimensions, the horizontal recess 6 preferably has a depth of 30 centimeters at the top wall of the module 1 ’and a height of 20 centimeters. Thus, the horizontal reservation 6 allows the passage of horizontal chains (not shown) for the connection between horizontally adjacent modules.

Referring now to Figures 7 to 9, it can be seen that there is shown a prefabricated module 1 "according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Such a 1 "prefabricated module can be used for the construction of a building cladding wall.

Unlike the modules 1, 1 'according to the first and second embodiments of the invention, this 17 "module has only one dry stone facing 3. In particular, this prefabricated module 1" includes a block 2 made made of a binding material and a dry stone facing 3 integral with one of the faces of the block 2 and covering the latter, in particular with the front face 2a of the block

2. The module 1/7 'further comprises a horizontal through-hole 7 formed in the block of binding material 2 and extending from the rear face 2b to the front face 2a of the block 2, substantially in the center of the module 1' '. , This reservation 7 opens into the upper wall of the module 1 '.

As in the previous embodiments, module 1 "also includes a housing incorporating a lifting anchor 5. This housing is made in the center of module 1", at the bottom of recess 7.

The block of binding material 2 further comprises a welded mesh 8 arranged in a vertical plane along the length of the module 1 '' and below the reservation 7. This mesh 8 makes it possible to stiffen the module 1 '', the dimensions of which are depth are smaller due to those for modules 1, 1 'intended for the construction of load-bearing walls.

In particular, the prefabricated module 1 "according to the third embodiment preferably has a depth of 25 centimeters, a height of 50 centimeters and a length of 1 meter.

Referring to Figure 10, it can be seen that there are shown two prefabricated 1 '' 'modules according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Such a 1 '' 'prefabricated module can be used for the construction of a retaining wall.

In the same way as the module 1 "according to the third embodiment of the invention, this module 1''t has only one dry stone facing 3.

In particular, this prefabricated module 1 '' 'comprises a block 2 made of a binding material and a dry stone facing 3 integral with one of the faces of the block 2 and covering it, in particular with the front face 2a of the block

2. The 1 '' 'module further comprises several vertical through reservations 4 made in the block of binding material 2.

As in the previous embodiments, the 1 "" module also includes a housing incorporating a lifting anchor 5. This housing is made in the center of the 1 "" module, between two vertical reservations 4.

Unlike the modules 1, 1 'and 1 "according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention, this module 1"! Does not have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, but a trapezoidal shape. Indeed, the rear face 1b of module 1 '' 'is shorter than the front face la comprising the facing 3. In particular, the length ratio between the length of the front face la and the length of the rear face 1b is such that the distance separating two modules 1 '' consecutive aligned is of the order of 100 mmm at the rear face lb of the 1 '' 'modules. Such a trapezoidal shape allows better drainage of the wall thus produced and promotes the installation of biodiversity.

The prefabricated module 1 '' 'according to the fourth embodiment preferably has a depth of 50 centimeters, a height of between 30 and 50 centimeters and a maximum length of between 1 and 2 meters. In particular, in the case of a module 1 '"" having a front face 1a 1 meter long, the rear face 1b has a length of 90 cm. In the case of a 1 '' 'module having a front face la 2 meters long, the rear face 1b has a length of 1.90 meters.

Note that these dimensions are given as an example. The 1, 1 ", 17", 17 "? Module could have any depth, preferably between 25 centimeters and 1 meter, and a length greater than 1 meter, depending on the intended use.

Furthermore, although the embodiments described relate to modules 1, 1 ’, 1’ ’, 1’ ”” ”provided with dry stone facings 3, it would also be possible to produce modules provided with stone facings.

The prefabricated module 1, 1 ", 1", 1 "" according to the present invention is an easy to manufacture and inexpensive module. In particular, the method of manufacturing a prefabricated module 1, 1 ', 1', 1 '' 'according to the invention comprises: placing natural stones in a mold according to a predetermined arrangement, placing 'inserts for forming the reservations 4, 6, 7, and pouring a binder material so as to seal each stone and form the block of binder material 2 with the at least one through reservation 4, 6, 7.

The 1, 1 ", 1", 1 "prefabricated module is easy to transport and handle due to the presence of a 5 lifting anchor integrated into the module.

Furthermore, a plurality of modules 1, 1 ", 1, 1" according to the invention can be stacked for the construction of a wall or for the cladding of a building facade.

Thus, for the construction of a wall or a cladding, it is advisable to lay the modules 1, 1 ', 1' ”, 17” ”one beside the other and one above the other, in particular at using a lifting device cooperating with the integrated lifting anchor 5, then to link the modules to each other. For example, once the modules 1, 1 ', 1, 1' ”” have been stacked, stiffening columns or other filling material can be for example poured into the vertical through reservations 4 for a vertical connection, and horizontal chains and materials filling may be caused to extend into the horizontal through reservations 6, 7 for a horizontal connection. The wall thus constructed presents an increased solidity compared to conventional walls, while presenting the aesthetic appearance of a wall made of natural stones.

Claims (11)

CLAIMS 1 - Prefabricated module (1; 1 '; 17 ”; 1') for the construction of a wall or a low wall covered with natural stones stacked like dry stones, in particular a retaining wall, a load-bearing wall, a low wall decorative or the like, characterized in that the module (1; 1 ”; 17”; 1 ”” ”) is a stackable module which comprises a block of binding material (2) and at least one facing (3) of natural stone , the block of binding material (2) having a bottom wall (2f), a top wall (2e), two opposite faces (2a, 2b) and two side walls (2c, 2d), the at least one facing (3) being integral with at least one of the opposite faces (2a, 2b) of the block of binding material (2), and the block of binding material (2) further comprising at least one through reservation (4, 6 , 7) for receiving connecting means between stacked modules. 2 - prefabricated module (1; 17 °; 17 ”; 1777) according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural stones are dry stones. 3 - Prefabricated module (1; 1 ’; 17”; 1777) according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the binding material is of the concrete type. 4 - prefabricated module (1; 1 '; 177 ”) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least two vertical through reservations (4) sized to allow the casting of a stiffening post in each of the reservations (4). 5 - Prefabricated module (1; 1 "; 1") according to claim 4, characterized in that each vertical through reservation (4) is cylindrical in shape and has a diameter of between 10 and 15 centimeters. 6 - prefabricated module (1; 1 '; 1') according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a horizontal reservation (6; 7), opening into the upper wall (2e) of the block binder material (2), so as to allow horizontal chaining of the module vis-à-vis an adjacent module. 7 - Module (1; 1 '; 17 ”; 1'” ””) prefabricated according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises a lifting anchor (5) integral with the wall from above (2e) of the block of binding material (2). 8 - Prefabricated module (1; 17 °; 17 ”; 1777) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a depth of between 25 centimeters and 1 meter, and a length of at least 1 meter. 9 - Prefabricated module (1 ’’) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further comprises a welded mesh (8) in the block of binding material (2). 10 - prefabricated module (1; 1 '; 17 ”; 1/5) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the natural stones of the at least one facing (3) are arranged in stacked rows horizontally on top of each other, with a vertical offset between the inter-stone spaces of adjacent rows. 11 - prefabricated module (1 '"') according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that one of the faces said front face (la) of the module has a length greater than the length of the said opposite face rear face (1b) of the module.