EP0584053A1 - Wall and method of manufacture - Google Patents

Wall and method of manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584053A1
EP0584053A1 EP93870162A EP93870162A EP0584053A1 EP 0584053 A1 EP0584053 A1 EP 0584053A1 EP 93870162 A EP93870162 A EP 93870162A EP 93870162 A EP93870162 A EP 93870162A EP 0584053 A1 EP0584053 A1 EP 0584053A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
base
wall
construction
row
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93870162A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Georges Collard
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INTERBLOCS SPRL
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INTERBLOCS SPRL
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0584053A1 publication Critical patent/EP0584053A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an assembled wall consisting of first building elements, which are arranged in superimposed rows.
  • a joint with binder to join together building elements of walls made from materials chosen for the erection of these walls.
  • the binder generally consists of mortar, the materials of said building elements being very varied, from terracotta brick to natural stone, passing through concrete blocks, etc.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the otherwise expensive conventional separation and / or retaining walls.
  • the present invention provides a simple and ingenious assembled mus obtained from an easy and rapid assembly of construction elements without resorting to a binder joint to secure the construction elements together.
  • a wall assembled according to the invention consists of first building elements which are arranged in superimposed rows, in which the first building elements have a substantially prismatic shape with two end surfaces and a surface of envelope, which extends around a longitudinal prismatic axis and which consists of a base surface, a vertex surface and two lateral surfaces each connecting the aforementioned base and vertex surfaces.
  • the base surface of the first building elements having a concave shape and the crown surface of a convex shape and said base and crown surfaces of first superimposed building elements are mutually adapted so as to allow nesting of said first elements.
  • the base surface of the first building elements has a concave shape and the top surface has a convex shape, said base and top surfaces of the first superimposed building elements being mutually adapted so as to allow an interlocking of said first building elements one on top of the other.
  • the base and top surfaces have parallel V-shaped profiles and lateral shoulders which extend at least over a large part of the above-mentioned longitudinal edges.
  • the interlocking of the various superimposed construction elements is very stable, even in the absence of a joint.
  • the absence of a joint means that there is no risk of cracking caused by the alteration of joints over time.
  • Another advantage is the fact that the wall is easily removable without deterioration of the building elements and that these are easily recoverable.
  • the speed of construction of the wall is considerably increased and the construction costs reduced.
  • the V-shape of the concave base and convex top surfaces, bordered laterally by two flat shoulders considerably improves the stability of the wall.
  • the contact between the base and top surfaces of two superimposed construction elements is imparted both at the level of the lateral shoulders and at the level of the concave and convex parts proper and allows very secure interlocking, the precision of the contacts between the two superimposed surfaces ensuring stability.
  • the above-mentioned superimposed rows are surmounted by an ridge row which consists of second construction elements, which have a shape which is distinguished from that of the first elements mainly by their crown surface which has a continuous form.
  • the longitudinal assembly is classic in header, alternating joints, with or without intermediate spaces.
  • each construction element has at its apex surface at least one longitudinal groove making it possible to insert a reinforcement reinforcement there.
  • the aforementioned second construction elements differ slightly from the first, and arranged in a higher final row, they make it possible to impart a completed appearance to the wall while achieving an upper support surface entirely hovers over the entire length of the wall.
  • the base surface is identical to that of the first construction elements described above, its crown surface, on the other hand, is planar and preferably projects slightly laterally.
  • the lateral surfaces of the first and second building elements are also identical.
  • a method of erecting a wall is proposed, according to which several first building elements are aligned end to end on a leveled floor so as to form a base row of first building elements. ; then on the above-mentioned base row, several other rows of first building elements are successively stacked up to a desired height relative to the ground by fitting the base surface of the first building elements of the row to be placed with the top surface of the first construction elements of the row placed before, so as to place the aforementioned separation joints substantially at the mid-length of the first construction elements of the previous row.
  • Figure 1 shows an elevational view of a wall made of building elements according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of a first construction element of the separation or retaining wall according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a second construction element intended to cover the wall according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a retaining wall according to the invention.
  • the wall 10 according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 1 consists of several superimposed rows 1, 2, 3 of construction elements 4 and 5. It is in particular a separation wall and / or support made using prefabricated building elements.
  • the wall illustrated in FIG. 1 generally comprises a base row 1, several intermediate rows 2 and a ridge row 3.
  • the construction elements 4 and 5 are given a particular shape.
  • the construction elements are shown on a larger scale in FIGS. 2 and 3. These construction elements have a generally prismatic shape delimited by two practically parallel end surfaces 11 and 12 and a prismatic envelope surface extending so peripheral around a longitudinal axis and connecting the two aforementioned end surfaces substantially at right angles.
  • the envelope surface of the first building elements 4 consists of a base surface 7 and a crown surface 6, as well as lateral surfaces 8.
  • the base surface 7 serves as a support surface for the element of construction.
  • the base surface 7 of the building elements is intended to cooperate with the top surface 6 of building elements of a lower row. In order to ensure good construction stability to the wall 1, the base 7 and top 6 surfaces are therefore in conformity with each other.
  • the base surface 7 of the building elements has a concave shape and the crown surface 6 of the first building elements 4 has a convex shape, said concave and convex shapes being complementary.
  • the base 7 and crown 6 surfaces each have two inclined sides forming between them an angle ⁇ .
  • the flanks 71 and 72 of the base surfaces and the flanks 61 and 62 of the crown surfaces are practically parallel in pairs.
  • the angle ⁇ of the convex and concave surfaces is practically identical.
  • the contact surface between the superimposed building elements of adjacent rows is thus made optimal and the stability of superimposed rows of building elements is considerably reinforced, even in the absence of a joint.
  • This possibility of obtaining a stable construction wall in the absence of a joint is extremely advantageous. It allows building walls to be made quickly and without cracks appearing in the wall over time. This is preferable from an aesthetic point of view but also in terms of security.
  • the absence of a joint allows rapid dismantling of the wall with the possibility of extremely convenient recovery of the construction elements.
  • the first construction elements 4 are practically identical. This has the effect that the first construction elements 4 are easily interchangeable and the speed of construction and dismantling of the wall is greatly increased. In addition, all of this contributes to significantly reducing the costs of such walls. The same applies to the aforementioned second construction elements 5 intended to form an ridge row 3.
  • the concave shape of the base surface 7 of the first construction elements 4 allows the use of these as is for the constitution of the base row 1 on the floor, when placing the wall, and this ensuring a sufficiently stable support.
  • lower lateral shoulders 63 and 64 are provided along at least one longitudinal edge (two in the example illustrated in FIG. 2) apex surfaces 6 and lower lateral shoulders 73 and 74 are likewise provided along at least one longitudinal edge of the base surfaces 7.
  • the lower and upper lateral shoulders extend over at least part of the length of said lengths. longitudinal edges.
  • the lateral shoulders thus form a stop and oppose any lateral sliding by rotation around the longitudinal axis of the superimposed construction elements. Thanks to the wedging effect thus obtained, any lateral sliding movement by rotation of the building elements is prevented.
  • the length and width dimensions of the upper lateral shoulders correspond to those of the lower lateral shoulders so to ensure integrity contact between superimposed construction elements.
  • a lateral shoulder extending over the entire length of the longitudinal edges of the building elements, in a substantially planar manner in planes oriented transversely to the plane of the wall.
  • this orientation of the lateral shoulders is also very advantageous with regard to stability at least for the construction elements 4 of the base row whose respective base surfaces are intended to rest on a generally flat floor.
  • the total surface of the lower lateral shoulders 73 and 74 and the upper lateral shoulders 63 and 64 preferably represent between a quarter and a half of the total bearing surface of the construction element 4, that is to say of the base surface 7 or the top surface 6. This gives a good relationship between support stability on the one hand, obtained thanks to the lateral shoulders and wedging effect on the other hand, obtained thanks to the projecting shape of the base 7 and top 6 surfaces.
  • top and base surfaces preferably have substantially planar surfaces joined at the crest and at the bottom respectively by a zone of rounded junction respectively denoted 66 and 76 in FIG. 2. This thus leaves a certain clearance, during the superposition between construction elements 4 to be superposed, which is favorable during the superposition of construction elements 4.
  • At least one hole or hollow 14, for example cylindrical, can be provided longitudinally and right through in the construction elements. This also leads to a significant reduction in the building element.
  • the building elements forming the header are preferably full or each hole 14 is blind, the blind side being intended for the header side.
  • At least one of the lateral surfaces 8 of the construction element 4 has a non-planar shape so that the wall as a whole has an aesthetic appearance.
  • a pyramidal or conical surface 8 facing inwards or outwards forming a boss resting on the longitudinal edges of the base 7 and apex 6 surfaces and on the lateral edges of the surfaces. 11, 12.
  • An embodiment which is both more convenient to make and more resistant in form consists of a rounded surface, for example of cylindrical appearance, inwards or, preferably, outwards. as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the non-planar shape of the lateral surfaces 8 can also advantageously have an acoustic effect.
  • the construction elements according to the invention are advantageously produced symmetrically, thereby increasing the interchangeability and therefore the speed of construction and dismantling of the wall.
  • the groove 65 extends longitudinally over at least part of the length of the construction element 4 to from at least one of the end surfaces 11 and 12.
  • the section of the groove 65 is practically constant.
  • the shape and dimensions of the section of the groove 65 are provided so as to allow the housing in the groove of a reinforcing reinforcement 9 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the reinforcing reinforcement 9 consists of a metallic reinforcing rod or "concrete rod” which must be embedded in a mixture, such as mortar, to avoid corrosion.
  • the dimension of the section of the groove 65 must be provided accordingly.
  • the reinforcing effect obtained by virtue of the reinforcement 9 is considerably increased by providing grooves 65 extending over the entire length of the construction element 4. In this way, by appropriately aligning the construction elements 4, a continuous groove allowing the assembly of rows 1 and 2 reinforced over their entire length.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an additional embodiment of a second construction element 5.
  • This is intended to constitute a finishing row 3 by alignment of several construction elements 5, so as to form the ridge row 3 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the second building element 5 is distinguished from the first building element 4 described above only by the different shape, for example substantially planar, of the crown surface 13 thereof.
  • the flat top surface thus provides the assembled wall with a support surface allowing objects to be placed on it, for example flower boxes, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a molding 15 is advantageously provided along at least one longitudinal edge of the crown surface 13.
  • the molding 15 is attached to the corresponding lateral surface 8, for example over at least one third of the height thereof. , from the longitudinal edge of the crown surface 13.
  • the molding 15 has for example a rounded and convex shape. The same applies to at least one of the side surfaces 8, in particular at least that to which the molding 15 is attached. Preferably, the curvature of the molding 15 is more pronounced than that of the lateral surface 8, thus ensuring a better increase in the support surface obtained and holding ratio of the molding to the construction element 5.
  • At least one rib 75 is advantageously provided on at least one of the sides 71, 72 of the base surface 7 of the second elements 5 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the rib 75 of the second construction element 5 is arranged to cooperate with the groove 65 of a first construction element 4 and is therefore arranged at a location suitable for this purpose so as to form an additional wedging between superimposed construction elements.
  • the rib 75 extends longitudinally over at least a substantial part of the length of the second construction element 5. In the illustrated case, the rib 75 extends, in substantially constant section, over the entire length of the second construction element 5 so as to ensure optimum nesting security between the first and second construction elements.
  • the method of constructing a wall according to the invention is described below in the light of FIG. 1.
  • several intermediate rows 2 are similarly constituted by superimposing one by one of the first construction elements 4 to start on the base row 1.
  • elements 4 of the same length are preferably used, the building elements arranged in header having of course the appropriate length.
  • the construction elements 4 are superimposed without joints.
  • the construction stability of the wall is however ensured thanks to the particular shape of the construction elements 4 allowing a safe and reliable nesting of said elements 4 as has already been described previously.
  • a good correspondence, as to the shape and dimensions, between the base surfaces 7, on the one hand, and the crown surfaces 6, on the other hand, in particular of the sides 71 and 72 resp. 61 and 62 and lateral shoulders 73 and 74 resp. 63 and 64 provides perfect fitting precision of the construction elements.
  • the stability of the wall is further enhanced when the reinforcing frame 9 is placed in the groove 65 as rows 1 and 2 are formed. In this case, the reinforcing frame is coated 9 for example in mortar.
  • the aesthetic effect obtained by the particular appearance of one or two side surfaces 8 of several construction elements 4 can be varied and personalized by combining different forms of side surfaces 8.
  • a joint 30 is preferably also applied between two successive second elements 5, for example a mortar joint, for reasons of stability and maintenance of the elements 5. This is all the more advantageous when the free surface of the ridge row 3 is substantially flat and can thus serve as a support surface for various objects. Indeed, by joining together these building elements at the same time increases the support capacity of the wall.
  • a reinforcing reinforcement 9 is advantageously provided at least in the groove 65 of the upper intermediate row 2 in order to provide rigidity to the entire wall. Furthermore, use will be made of second elements 5 provided with the aforementioned longitudinal rib 75. Said rib 75 is then housed in the abovementioned groove 65 of the upper intermediate row 2.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the particular case of a retaining wall 20 constituted from building elements according to the invention.
  • a retaining wall is advantageously provided to stabilize an embankment, for example.
  • the wall 20 of consolidation of the slope has a determined inclination ⁇ .
  • a sole 22, preferably made of concrete, is installed in the ground so as to form a base for the retaining wall.
  • On the sole 22 is provided a heel 23 which is arranged to give the wall the aforementioned inclination ⁇ .
  • the first row 1 of construction elements is arranged at an angle on the heel 23.
  • stabilization anchors 24 are also provided in this case.
  • the wall stabilization anchors 24 are housed in the troughs 65 at a certain distance from each other, for example every 1.5 m.
  • a drainage strip 26 is advantageously provided, so as to facilitate the flow of rainwater in particular, in order to preserve the wall.
  • a retaining wall is thus obtained making it possible to retain the slope.
  • the wall 20 by projecting the wall 20 relative to the drainage strip 26 and to the natural level of the ground 25, an effective obstacle is obtained. against landslides.
  • the inclination ⁇ of the wall 20 can be adjusted by an appropriate heel 23 as indicated above.
  • the stability of the area of the wall 20 which is not supported by the drainage strip, that is to say the protruding area of the wall, is ensured by virtue of the wedging effect resulting from the shape of the surfaces of base 7 and top 6 of the construction elements as described above.
  • the wall thus retains landslides, especially in the event of heavy precipitation, which considerably increases road safety for example.
  • the half-angle ⁇ / 2 will be chosen to be less than 90 ° - ⁇ , the angle ⁇ being the angle of the wall 20 relative to the vertical.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

Assembled wall consisting of construction elements which are arranged in superimposed rows and have a substantially prismatic shape, with two end surfaces, and an envelope surface consisting of a base surface (7), a top surface (6) and of two lateral surfaces (8), each connecting the base (7) and the top (6) surfaces. The base surface (7) of the construction elements (4) has a concave shape and the top surface (6) has a convex shape in such a way as to permit an engagement of the said elements, the base (7) and the top (6) surfaces each having in practice a V-shaped profile in such a way as to form a pair of base flanks (71, 72) and top flanks (61, 62) forming, respectively, an angle ( beta ) to each other. The base (7) and the top (6) surfaces also have, on their longitudinal edges, lower lateral shoulders (73, 74) and upper lateral shoulders (63, 64) which extend at least over a considerable part of the longitudinal edges. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un mur assemblé constitué de premiers éléments de construction, qui sont agencés par rangées superposées.The present invention relates to an assembled wall consisting of first building elements, which are arranged in superimposed rows.

Classiquement, on utilise dans les murs généralement un joint avec liant pour solidariser entre eux des éléments de construction de murs constitués à partir de matériaux choisis pour l'érection de ces murs. Le liant consiste généralement en mortier, les matériaux desdits éléments de construction étant très variés, de la brique en terre cuite à la pierre naturelle, en passant par les blocs en béton, etc.Conventionally, in the walls is generally used a joint with binder to join together building elements of walls made from materials chosen for the erection of these walls. The binder generally consists of mortar, the materials of said building elements being very varied, from terracotta brick to natural stone, passing through concrete blocks, etc.

L'inconvénient majeur de ce mur classique résulte de l'apparition assez rapide de lézardes dans le mur, lesquelles sont provoquées par le tassement de la fondation ou par la poussée des terres. De plus, une fois terminé, le mur assemblé n'est pas démontable et il en résulte que les matériaux ne sont que difficilement récupérables.The major drawback of this classic wall results from the fairly rapid appearance of cracks in the wall, which are caused by the compaction of the foundation or by the push of the earth. In addition, once completed, the assembled wall is not removable and the result is that the materials are only difficult to recover.

La présente invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients des murs de séparation et/ou de soutènement classiques, par ailleurs onéreux.The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the otherwise expensive conventional separation and / or retaining walls.

A cette fin, la présente invention propose un mus assemblé simple et ingénieux obtenu à partir d'un assemblage aisé et rapide d'éléments de construction sans recourir à un joint liant pour solidariser les éléments de construction entre eux.To this end, the present invention provides a simple and ingenious assembled mus obtained from an easy and rapid assembly of construction elements without resorting to a binder joint to secure the construction elements together.

Conformément à un premier aspect, un mur assemblé suivant l'invention est constitué de premiers éléments de construction qui sont agencés par rangées superposées, dans lequel les premiers éléments de construction présentent une forme sensiblement prismatique avec deux surfaces d'extrémité et une surface d'enveloppe, qui s'étend autour d'un axe prismatique longitudinal et qui est constituée d'une surface de base, d'une surface de sommet et de deux surfaces latérales reliant chacune les surfaces de base et de sommet précitées. La surface de base des premiers éléments de construction présentant une forme concave et la surface de sommet une forme convexe et lesdites surfaces de base et de sommet de premiers éléments de construction superposés sont mutuellement adaptées de manière à permettre un emboîtement desdits premiers éléments. La surface de base des premiers éléments de construction présente une forme concave et la surface de sommet a une forme convexe, lesdites surfaces de base et de sommet des premiers éléments de construction superposés étant mutuellement adaptées de manière à permettre un emboîtement desdits premiers éléments de construction superposés l'un sur l'autre. Les surfaces de base et de sommet présentent des profils en V parallèles et des épaulements latéraux qui s'étendent au moins sur une partie importante des bords longitudinaux précités.According to a first aspect, a wall assembled according to the invention consists of first building elements which are arranged in superimposed rows, in which the first building elements have a substantially prismatic shape with two end surfaces and a surface of envelope, which extends around a longitudinal prismatic axis and which consists of a base surface, a vertex surface and two lateral surfaces each connecting the aforementioned base and vertex surfaces. The base surface of the first building elements having a concave shape and the crown surface of a convex shape and said base and crown surfaces of first superimposed building elements are mutually adapted so as to allow nesting of said first elements. The base surface of the first building elements has a concave shape and the top surface has a convex shape, said base and top surfaces of the first superimposed building elements being mutually adapted so as to allow an interlocking of said first building elements one on top of the other. The base and top surfaces have parallel V-shaped profiles and lateral shoulders which extend at least over a large part of the above-mentioned longitudinal edges.

Grâce à la forme convexe de la surface de sommet et à la forme concave complémentaire de la surface de base des éléments de construction précités, l'emboîtement des différents éléments de construction superposés est très stable, même en l'absence de joint. De l'absence de joint, il résulte qu'il n'y a pas de risque de formation de lézardes provoquées par l'altération de joints avec le temps. Un autre avantage réside dans le fait que le mur est facilement démontable sans détérioration des éléments de construction et que ceux-ci sont aisément récupérables. En outre, la rapidité de construction du mur se trouve considérablement accrue et les coûts de construction réduits. De plus, la forme en V des surfaces de base concave et de sommet convexe, bordées latéralement de deux épaulement plats permet de renforcer considérablement la stabilité du mur. En effet, le contact entre les surfaces de base et de sommet de deux éléments de construction superposés est conféré tant au niveau des épaulements latéraux qu'au niveau des parties concaves et convexes proprement dites et permet un assemblage par emboîtement très sur, la précision des contacts entre les deux surfaces superposées assurant la stabilité.Thanks to the convex shape of the top surface and the concave shape complementary to the base surface of the aforementioned construction elements, the interlocking of the various superimposed construction elements is very stable, even in the absence of a joint. The absence of a joint means that there is no risk of cracking caused by the alteration of joints over time. Another advantage is the fact that the wall is easily removable without deterioration of the building elements and that these are easily recoverable. In addition, the speed of construction of the wall is considerably increased and the construction costs reduced. In addition, the V-shape of the concave base and convex top surfaces, bordered laterally by two flat shoulders, considerably improves the stability of the wall. Indeed, the contact between the base and top surfaces of two superimposed construction elements is imparted both at the level of the lateral shoulders and at the level of the concave and convex parts proper and allows very secure interlocking, the precision of the contacts between the two superimposed surfaces ensuring stability.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, les rangées superposées précitées sont surmontées d'une rangée faîtière qui est constituée de deuxièmes éléments de construction, lesquels présentent une forme se distinguant de celle des premiers éléments principalement par leur surface de sommet qui présente une forme continue.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned superimposed rows are surmounted by an ridge row which consists of second construction elements, which have a shape which is distinguished from that of the first elements mainly by their crown surface which has a continuous form.

L'assemblage longitudinal est classique en boutisse, joints alternés, avec ou sans espaces intermédiaires.The longitudinal assembly is classic in header, alternating joints, with or without intermediate spaces.

Suivant un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, chaque élément de construction possède à sa surface de sommet au moins une rainure longitudinale permettant d'y insérer une armature de renforcement. Les deuxièmes éléments de construction précités diffèrent légèrement des premiers, et disposés en rang final supérieur, ils permettent de conférer un aspect achevé au mur tout en réalisant une surface supérieure de support entièrement plane sur toute la longueur du mur.According to another embodiment of the invention, each construction element has at its apex surface at least one longitudinal groove making it possible to insert a reinforcement reinforcement there. The aforementioned second construction elements differ slightly from the first, and arranged in a higher final row, they make it possible to impart a completed appearance to the wall while achieving an upper support surface entirely hovers over the entire length of the wall.

La surface de base est identique à celle des premiers éléments de construction précédemment décrits, sa surface de sommet, en revanche, est plane et déborde de préférence légèrement latéralement. Les surfaces latérales des premiers et deuxièmes éléments de construction sont également identiques.The base surface is identical to that of the first construction elements described above, its crown surface, on the other hand, is planar and preferably projects slightly laterally. The lateral surfaces of the first and second building elements are also identical.

Conformément à un second aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un procédé d'érection de mur, selon lequel on aligne plusieurs premiers éléments de construction bout a bout sur un sol aplani de manière à former une rangée de base de premiers éléments de construction; puis sur la rangée de base précitée on empile successivement plusieurs autres rangées de premiers éléments de construction jusqu'à une hauteur désirée par rapport au sol en emboîtant la surface de base des premiers éléments de construction de la rangée à placer avec la surface de sommet des premiers éléments de construction de la rangée placée avant, de manière à placer les joints de séparation précités sensiblement à la mi-longueur des premiers éléments de construction de la rangée précédente.According to a second aspect of the invention, a method of erecting a wall is proposed, according to which several first building elements are aligned end to end on a leveled floor so as to form a base row of first building elements. ; then on the above-mentioned base row, several other rows of first building elements are successively stacked up to a desired height relative to the ground by fitting the base surface of the first building elements of the row to be placed with the top surface of the first construction elements of the row placed before, so as to place the aforementioned separation joints substantially at the mid-length of the first construction elements of the previous row.

Des modes de réalisation du procédé suivant l'invention sont définis dans les sous-revendications.Embodiments of the method according to the invention are defined in the subclaims.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui suit donnée à titre d'exemple, dans laquelle il est fait référence aux dessins ci-annexés.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, given by way of example, in which reference is made to the attached drawings.

La figure 1 représente une vue en élévation d'un mur constitué d'éléments de construction suivant l'invention.Figure 1 shows an elevational view of a wall made of building elements according to the invention.

La figure 2 représente une vue en perspective d'un premier élément de construction du mur de séparation ou de soutènement suivant l'invention.FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of a first construction element of the separation or retaining wall according to the invention.

La figure 3 représente une vue en perspective d'un deuxième élément de construction destiné à couvrir le mur suivant l'invention.FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a second construction element intended to cover the wall according to the invention.

La figure 4 représente une vue en coupe schématique d'un mur de soutènement suivant l'invention.Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a retaining wall according to the invention.

De manière générale, le mur 10 suivant l'invention illustré sur la figure 1 est constitué de plusieurs rangées superposées 1, 2, 3 d'éléments de construction 4 et 5. Il s'agit en particulier d'un mur de séparation et/ou de soutènement réalisé à l'aide d'éléments de construction préfabriqués. A cet égard, le mur illustré sur la figure 1 comprend généralement une rangée de base 1, plusieurs rangées intermédiaires 2 et une rangée faîtière 3. Dans le but d'assurer une bonne stabilité au mur tout en permettant une construction rapide, commode et démontable de celui-ci, on confère aux éléments de construction 4 et 5 une forme particulière.In general, the wall 10 according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 1 consists of several superimposed rows 1, 2, 3 of construction elements 4 and 5. It is in particular a separation wall and / or support made using prefabricated building elements. In this respect, the wall illustrated in FIG. 1 generally comprises a base row 1, several intermediate rows 2 and a ridge row 3. In order to ensure good stability to the wall while allowing rapid, convenient and removable construction thereof, the construction elements 4 and 5 are given a particular shape.

Les éléments de construction sont représentés à plus grande échelle sur les figures 2 et 3. Ces éléments de construction présentent une forme générale prismatique délimitée par deux surfaces d'extrémité 11 et 12 pratiquement parallèles et une surface d'enveloppe prismatique s'étendant de manière périphérique autour d'un axe longitudinal et reliant les deux surfaces d'extrémité précitées sensiblement à angle droit. La surface d'enveloppe des premiers éléments de construction 4 se compose d'une surface de base 7 et d'une surface de sommet 6, ainsi que de surfaces latérales 8. La surface de base 7 sert de surface d'appui pour l'élément de construction. La surface de base 7 des éléments de construction est destinée à coopérer avec la surface de sommet 6 d'éléments de construction d'une rangée inférieure. Afin d'assurer une bonne stabilité de construction au mur 1, les surfaces de base 7 et de sommet 6 sont donc en conformité l'une avec l'autre. La surface de base 7 des éléments de construction possède une forme concave et la surface de sommet 6 des premiers éléments de construction 4 a une forme convexe, lesdites formes concave et convexe étant complémentaires. Les surfaces de base 7 et de sommet 6 présentent chacune deux flancs inclinés formant entre eux un angle β. Les flancs 71 et 72 des surfaces de base et les flancs 61 et 62 des surfaces de sommet sont pratiquement parallèles deux par deux.The construction elements are shown on a larger scale in FIGS. 2 and 3. These construction elements have a generally prismatic shape delimited by two practically parallel end surfaces 11 and 12 and a prismatic envelope surface extending so peripheral around a longitudinal axis and connecting the two aforementioned end surfaces substantially at right angles. The envelope surface of the first building elements 4 consists of a base surface 7 and a crown surface 6, as well as lateral surfaces 8. The base surface 7 serves as a support surface for the element of construction. The base surface 7 of the building elements is intended to cooperate with the top surface 6 of building elements of a lower row. In order to ensure good construction stability to the wall 1, the base 7 and top 6 surfaces are therefore in conformity with each other. The base surface 7 of the building elements has a concave shape and the crown surface 6 of the first building elements 4 has a convex shape, said concave and convex shapes being complementary. The base 7 and crown 6 surfaces each have two inclined sides forming between them an angle β. The flanks 71 and 72 of the base surfaces and the flanks 61 and 62 of the crown surfaces are practically parallel in pairs.

Afin d'assurer un emboîtement commode des éléments de construction l'un sur l'autre l'angle β des surfaces convexe et concave est pratiquement identique. En effet, la surface de contact entre les éléments de construction superposés de rangées adjacentes est ainsi rendue optimale et la stabilité de rangées superposées d'éléments de construction s'en trouve considérablement renforcée, même en l'absence de joint. Cette possibilité d'obtenir un mur de construction stable en l'absence de joint est extrêmement avantageuse. Elle permet en effet de réaliser des murs de construction rapidement et sans que n'apparaissent, au fil du temps, des lézardes dans le mur. Ceci est préférable d'un point de vue esthétique mais également sur le plan de la sécurité.In order to ensure a convenient nesting of the building elements one on the other the angle β of the convex and concave surfaces is practically identical. In fact, the contact surface between the superimposed building elements of adjacent rows is thus made optimal and the stability of superimposed rows of building elements is considerably reinforced, even in the absence of a joint. This possibility of obtaining a stable construction wall in the absence of a joint is extremely advantageous. It allows building walls to be made quickly and without cracks appearing in the wall over time. This is preferable from an aesthetic point of view but also in terms of security.

Par ailleurs, l'absence de joint permet un démontage rapide du mur avec possibilité de récupération extrêmement commode des éléments de construction. Avantageusement, les premiers éléments de construction 4 sont pratiquement identiques. Cela a pour effet que les premiers éléments de construction 4 sont facilement interchangeables et la rapidité de construction et de démontage du mur s'en trouvent fortement accrues. De plus, tout cela contribue à réduire notablement les coûts de tels murs. Il en va de même pour les deuxièmes éléments de construction précités 5 destinés à former une rangée faîtière 3.Furthermore, the absence of a joint allows rapid dismantling of the wall with the possibility of extremely convenient recovery of the construction elements. Advantageously, the first construction elements 4 are practically identical. This has the effect that the first construction elements 4 are easily interchangeable and the speed of construction and dismantling of the wall is greatly increased. In addition, all of this contributes to significantly reducing the costs of such walls. The same applies to the aforementioned second construction elements 5 intended to form an ridge row 3.

En outre, la forme concave de la surface de base 7 des premiers éléments de construction 4 permet l'utilisation de ceux-ci tels quels pour la constitution de la rangée de base 1 sur le sol, lors du placement du mur, et ce tout en assurant un appui suffisamment stable.In addition, the concave shape of the base surface 7 of the first construction elements 4 allows the use of these as is for the constitution of the base row 1 on the floor, when placing the wall, and this ensuring a sufficiently stable support.

Afin d'augmenter la stabilité d'appui entre les premiers éléments de construction 4 de rangées successives, des épaulements latéraux inférieurs 63 et 64 sont prévus le long d'au moins un bord longitudinal (deux dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 2) des surfaces de sommet 6 et des épaulements latéraux inférieurs 73 et 74 sont prévus de même le long d'au moins un bord longitudinal des surfaces de base 7. Les épaulements latéraux inférieurs et supérieurs s'étendent sur au moins une partie de la longueur desdits bords longitudinaux. Les épaulements latéraux forment ainsi butée et s'opposent à tout glissement latéral par rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal des éléments de construction superposés. Grâce à l'effet de calage ainsi obtenu, tout mouvement de glissement latéral par rotation des éléments de construction se trouve empêché.In order to increase the support stability between the first construction elements 4 of successive rows, lower lateral shoulders 63 and 64 are provided along at least one longitudinal edge (two in the example illustrated in FIG. 2) apex surfaces 6 and lower lateral shoulders 73 and 74 are likewise provided along at least one longitudinal edge of the base surfaces 7. The lower and upper lateral shoulders extend over at least part of the length of said lengths. longitudinal edges. The lateral shoulders thus form a stop and oppose any lateral sliding by rotation around the longitudinal axis of the superimposed construction elements. Thanks to the wedging effect thus obtained, any lateral sliding movement by rotation of the building elements is prevented.

De préférence les dimensions en longueur et en largeur des épaulements latéraux supérieurs correspondent à celles des épaulements latéraux inférieurs de manière à assurer un contact impeccable entre des éléments de construction superposés.Preferably the length and width dimensions of the upper lateral shoulders correspond to those of the lower lateral shoulders so to ensure impeccable contact between superimposed construction elements.

L'effet de calage et de soutien précité est excellent pour un épaulement latéral s'étendant sur toute la longueur des bords longitudinaux des éléments de construction, de manière sensiblement plane dans des plans orientés transversalement par rapport au plan du mur. De plus, cette orientation des épaulements latéraux s'avère également très avantageuse quant à la stabilité au moins pour les éléments de construction 4 de la rangée de base dont les surfaces de base respectives sont destinées à s'appuyer sur un sol généralement plat.The aforementioned wedging and support effect is excellent for a lateral shoulder extending over the entire length of the longitudinal edges of the building elements, in a substantially planar manner in planes oriented transversely to the plane of the wall. In addition, this orientation of the lateral shoulders is also very advantageous with regard to stability at least for the construction elements 4 of the base row whose respective base surfaces are intended to rest on a generally flat floor.

La surface totale des épaulements latéraux inférieurs 73 et 74 et des épaulements latéraux supérieurs 63 et 64 représentent de préférence entre le quart et la moitié de la surface d'appui totale de l'élément de construction 4, c'est-à-dire de la surface de base 7 ou de la surface de sommet 6. On obtient ainsi un bon rapport entre stabilité de support d'une part, obtenue grâce aux épaulements latéraux et effet de calage d'autre part, obtenu grâce à la forme en saillie des surfaces de base 7 et de sommet 6.The total surface of the lower lateral shoulders 73 and 74 and the upper lateral shoulders 63 and 64 preferably represent between a quarter and a half of the total bearing surface of the construction element 4, that is to say of the base surface 7 or the top surface 6. This gives a good relationship between support stability on the one hand, obtained thanks to the lateral shoulders and wedging effect on the other hand, obtained thanks to the projecting shape of the base 7 and top 6 surfaces.

En outre, un effet de calage est également obtenu en donnant aux formes concave et convexe des surfaces de base 7 et de sommet 6 un profil en V comme montré en figure 2, lequel profil empêche un glissement par translation latérale des éléments de construction superposés.In addition, a wedging effect is also obtained by giving the concave and convex shapes of the base 7 and crown 6 surfaces a V-shaped profile as shown in FIG. 2, which profile prevents sliding by lateral translation of the superimposed construction elements.

Les flancs des surfaces de sommet et de base présentent de préférence des surfaces sensiblement planes réunies en crête et respectivement en fond par une zone de jonction arrondie respectivement notée 66 et 76 sur la figure 2. Ceci laisse ainsi un certain jeu, lors de la superposition entre des éléments de construction 4 à superposer, ce qui est favorable lors de la superposition des éléments de construction 4.The sides of the top and base surfaces preferably have substantially planar surfaces joined at the crest and at the bottom respectively by a zone of rounded junction respectively denoted 66 and 76 in FIG. 2. This thus leaves a certain clearance, during the superposition between construction elements 4 to be superposed, which is favorable during the superposition of construction elements 4.

Afin de permettre des économies de matériaux, au moins un trou ou creux 14, par exemple cylindrique, peut être prévu longitudinalement et de part en part dans les éléments de construction. Cela entraîne en outre un allègement appréciable de l'élément de construction. Les éléments de construction formant boutisse sont de préférence pleins ou chaque trou 14 est borgne, le côté borgne étant destiné au côté boutisse.In order to allow savings in materials, at least one hole or hollow 14, for example cylindrical, can be provided longitudinally and right through in the construction elements. This also leads to a significant reduction in the building element. The building elements forming the header are preferably full or each hole 14 is blind, the blind side being intended for the header side.

Avantageusement, au moins l'une des surfaces latérales 8 de l'élément de construction 4 présente une forme non plane de manière que le mur présente, dans son ensemble, un aspect esthétique. On citera, à titre d'exemple, une surface 8 pyramidale ou conique tournée vers l'intérieur ou vers l'extérieur formant bossage s'appuyant sur les bords longitudinaux des surfaces de base 7 et de sommet 6 et sur les bords latéraux des surfaces d'extrémité 11, 12. Un mode de réalisation à la fois plus commode à réaliser et plus résistant par la forme consiste en une surface arrondie, par exemple d'allure cylindrique, vers l'intérieur ou, de préférence, vers l'extérieur comme illustré sur la figure 2. La forme non plane des surfaces latérales 8 peut également avantageusement avoir un effet acoustique.Advantageously, at least one of the lateral surfaces 8 of the construction element 4 has a non-planar shape so that the wall as a whole has an aesthetic appearance. By way of example, mention may be made of a pyramidal or conical surface 8 facing inwards or outwards forming a boss resting on the longitudinal edges of the base 7 and apex 6 surfaces and on the lateral edges of the surfaces. 11, 12. An embodiment which is both more convenient to make and more resistant in form consists of a rounded surface, for example of cylindrical appearance, inwards or, preferably, outwards. as illustrated in FIG. 2. The non-planar shape of the lateral surfaces 8 can also advantageously have an acoustic effect.

Les éléments de construction suivant l'invention sont avantageusement réalisés de manière symétrique, augmentant ainsi l'interchangeabilité et donc la rapidité de construction et de démontage du mur.The construction elements according to the invention are advantageously produced symmetrically, thereby increasing the interchangeability and therefore the speed of construction and dismantling of the wall.

Il est avantageusement prévu au moins une rainure 65 dans l'un des flancs 61 et 62 au moins de la surface de sommet 6. La rainure 65 s'étend longitudinalement sur au moins une partie de la longueur de l'élément de construction 4 à partir d'au moins l'une des surfaces d'extrémité 11 et 12. La section de la rainure 65 est pratiquement constante.It is advantageously provided at least one groove 65 in one of the sides 61 and 62 at least of the crown surface 6. The groove 65 extends longitudinally over at least part of the length of the construction element 4 to from at least one of the end surfaces 11 and 12. The section of the groove 65 is practically constant.

La forme et les dimensions de la section de la rainure 65 sont prévues de manière à permettre le logement dans la rainure d'une armature de renforcement 9 comme représenté en figure 1. A cet égard, il faut tenir compte du fait que dans le cas d'éléments de construction 4 préfabriqués en béton, l'armature de renforcement 9 consiste en une tige métallique de renforcement ou "rond à béton" qu'il faut noyer dans un mélange, tel que du mortier, pour éviter la corrosion. La dimension de la section de la rainure 65 doit être prévue en conséquence. L'effet de renforcement obtenu grâce à l'armature 9 est considérablement augmenté en prévoyant des rainures 65 s'étendant sur toute la longueur de l'élément de construction 4. On obtient ainsi, en alignant de manière appropriée les éléments de construction 4, une goulette continue permettant l'assemblage de rangées 1 et 2 renforcées sur toute leur longueur.The shape and dimensions of the section of the groove 65 are provided so as to allow the housing in the groove of a reinforcing reinforcement 9 as shown in Figure 1. In this regard, it must be taken into account that in the case of precast concrete construction elements 4, the reinforcing reinforcement 9 consists of a metallic reinforcing rod or "concrete rod" which must be embedded in a mixture, such as mortar, to avoid corrosion. The dimension of the section of the groove 65 must be provided accordingly. The reinforcing effect obtained by virtue of the reinforcement 9 is considerably increased by providing grooves 65 extending over the entire length of the construction element 4. In this way, by appropriately aligning the construction elements 4, a continuous groove allowing the assembly of rows 1 and 2 reinforced over their entire length.

Dans le cas particulier d'éléments de construction en béton, du mortier est cependant préférable pour l'enrobage de ronds à béton dans la cavité prévue à cet usage mais uniquement si l'utilisation de renforcement est nécessaire. La pose des ronds à béton précités et leur enrobage sont très aisés et très rapides.In the particular case of concrete construction elements, however, mortar is preferable for the coating of concrete rods in the cavity provided for this use, but only if the use of reinforcement is necessary. The installation of the above-mentioned concrete rods and their coating are very easy and very quick.

Ainsi un mur d'une grande stabilité est obtenu grâce à la combinaison de deux contraintes. L'une réside dans le calage mutuel de chaque élément de construction superposé par chaque autre élément de construction adjacent dans des rangées superposées. L'autre contrainte réside dans la pose d'armatures de renforcement 9.Thus a wall of great stability is obtained thanks to the combination of two constraints. One is the mutual wedging of each construction element superimposed by each other adjacent construction element in superimposed rows. The other constraint resides in the installation of reinforcements 9.

La figure 3 illustre un mode de réalisation supplémentaire d'un deuxième élément de construction 5. Celui-ci est destiné à constituer une rangée de finition 3 par alignement de plusieurs éléments de construction 5, de manière à former la rangée faîtière 3 comme montré sur la figure 1. Le deuxième élément de construction 5 ne se distingue du premier élément de construction 4 décrit ci-dessus que par la forme différente, par exemple sensiblement plane, de la surface de sommet 13 de celui-ci. La surface de sommet plane procure ainsi au mur assemblé une surface de support permettant de disposer des objets sur celui-ci, par exemple des bacs à fleurs, ainsi qu'il ressort de la figure 1.FIG. 3 illustrates an additional embodiment of a second construction element 5. This is intended to constitute a finishing row 3 by alignment of several construction elements 5, so as to form the ridge row 3 as shown in Figure 1. The second building element 5 is distinguished from the first building element 4 described above only by the different shape, for example substantially planar, of the crown surface 13 thereof. The flat top surface thus provides the assembled wall with a support surface allowing objects to be placed on it, for example flower boxes, as shown in FIG. 1.

De plus, une moulure 15 est avantageusement prévue le long d'au moins un bord longitudinal de la surface de sommet 13. La moulure 15 se rattache à la surface latérale 8 correspondante par exemple sur au moins un tiers de la hauteur de celle-ci, à partir du bord longitudinal de la surface de sommet 13. En jouant sur la dimension latérale de la moulure, on peut sensiblement augmenter la surface de support totale à la rangée faîtière 3 du mur, comme visible sur les figures 1 et 3.In addition, a molding 15 is advantageously provided along at least one longitudinal edge of the crown surface 13. The molding 15 is attached to the corresponding lateral surface 8, for example over at least one third of the height thereof. , from the longitudinal edge of the crown surface 13. By varying the lateral dimension of the molding, it is possible to substantially increase the total support surface at the ridge row 3 of the wall, as visible in FIGS. 1 and 3.

La moulure 15 présente par exemple une allure arrondie et convexe. Il en va de même pour au moins l'une des surfaces latérales 8, en particulier au moins celle à laquelle se rattache la moulure 15. De préférence, la courbure de la moulure 15 est plus prononcée que celle de la surface latérale 8, assurant ainsi un meilleur rapport augmentation de la surface de support obtenue et tenue de la moulure à l'élément de construction 5.The molding 15 has for example a rounded and convex shape. The same applies to at least one of the side surfaces 8, in particular at least that to which the molding 15 is attached. Preferably, the curvature of the molding 15 is more pronounced than that of the lateral surface 8, thus ensuring a better increase in the support surface obtained and holding ratio of the molding to the construction element 5.

En outre, au moins une nervure 75 est avantageusement prévue sur au moins l'un des flancs 71, 72 de la surface de base 7 des deuxièmes éléments 5 comme représenté sur la figure 3. La nervure 75 du deuxième élément de construction 5 est agencée pour coopérer avec la rainure 65 d'un premier élément de construction 4 et est dès lors agencée à un emplacement approprié à cet effet de manière à former un calage supplémentaire entre des éléments de construction superposés. La nervure 75 s'étend longitudinalement sur au moins une partie substantielle de la longueur du deuxième élément de construction 5. Dans le cas illustré, la nervure 75 s'étend, à section pratiquement constante, sur toute la longueur du deuxième élément de construction 5 de manière à assurer une sécurité d'emboîtement optimale entre les premiers et deuxièmes éléments de construction.In addition, at least one rib 75 is advantageously provided on at least one of the sides 71, 72 of the base surface 7 of the second elements 5 as shown in FIG. 3. The rib 75 of the second construction element 5 is arranged to cooperate with the groove 65 of a first construction element 4 and is therefore arranged at a location suitable for this purpose so as to form an additional wedging between superimposed construction elements. The rib 75 extends longitudinally over at least a substantial part of the length of the second construction element 5. In the illustrated case, the rib 75 extends, in substantially constant section, over the entire length of the second construction element 5 so as to ensure optimum nesting security between the first and second construction elements.

Il va de soi que la nervure 75 pourrait également être prévue de manière analogue sur les premiers éléments de construction 4.It goes without saying that the rib 75 could also be provided in a similar manner on the first construction elements 4.

Le procédé de construction d'un mur suivant l'invention est décrit ci-après à la lumière de la figure 1. On travaille sur un sol bien égalisé 21. Sur le sol aplani 21, on constitue la rangée de base 1 en alignant bout à bout plusieurs premiers éléments de construction 4, avec ou sans espace intermédiaire. Ensuite, on constitue de manière analogue plusieurs rangées intermédiaires 2 en superposant un à un des premiers éléments de construction 4 à commencer sur la rangée de base 1.The method of constructing a wall according to the invention is described below in the light of FIG. 1. One works on a well leveled ground 21. On the leveled ground 21, one constitutes the basic row 1 by aligning end at the end several first building elements 4, with or without intermediate space. Next, several intermediate rows 2 are similarly constituted by superimposing one by one of the first construction elements 4 to start on the base row 1.

Lors du placement desdits premiers éléments 4, on veille à les agencer en décalage de pratiquement une demi-longueur d'élément de construction 4 comme il ressort de la figure 1.When placing said first elements 4, care is taken to arrange them at an offset of practically half a length of construction element 4 as shown in FIG. 1.

Afin d'avoir une répartition régulière de premiers éléments de construction 4, on utilise de préférence des éléments 4 de même longueur, les éléments de construction agencés en boutisse présentant bien entendu, la longueur appropriée.In order to have a regular distribution of first building elements 4, elements 4 of the same length are preferably used, the building elements arranged in header having of course the appropriate length.

La superposition des éléménts de construction 4 se fait sans joint. La stabilité de construction du mur est cependant assurée grâce à la forme particulière des éléments de construction 4 permettant un emboîtement sur et fiable desdits éléments 4 ainsi qu'il a déjà été décrit précédemment. A cet égard, une bonne correspondance, quant à la forme et aux dimensions, entre les surfaces de base 7, d'une part, et les surfaces de sommet 6, d'autre part, en particulier des flancs 71 et 72 resp. 61 et 62 et des épaulements latéraux 73 et 74 resp. 63 et 64, procure une parfaite précision d'emboîtement des éléments de construction. Cela confère une excellente stabilité au mur. La stabilité du mur se trouve renforcée davantage encore lorsqu'on place l'armature de renforcement 9 dans la goulette 65 au fur et à mesure que l'on constitue les rangées 1 et 2. Dans ce cas, on enrobe l'armature de renforcement 9 par exemple dans du mortier. On peut varier et personnaliser l'effet esthétique obtenu par l'aspect particulier de l'une ou des deux surfaces latérales 8 de plusieurs éléments de construction 4 en combinant différentes formes de surfaces latérales 8.The construction elements 4 are superimposed without joints. The construction stability of the wall is however ensured thanks to the particular shape of the construction elements 4 allowing a safe and reliable nesting of said elements 4 as has already been described previously. In this regard, a good correspondence, as to the shape and dimensions, between the base surfaces 7, on the one hand, and the crown surfaces 6, on the other hand, in particular of the sides 71 and 72 resp. 61 and 62 and lateral shoulders 73 and 74 resp. 63 and 64, provides perfect fitting precision of the construction elements. This gives excellent stability to the wall. The stability of the wall is further enhanced when the reinforcing frame 9 is placed in the groove 65 as rows 1 and 2 are formed. In this case, the reinforcing frame is coated 9 for example in mortar. The aesthetic effect obtained by the particular appearance of one or two side surfaces 8 of several construction elements 4 can be varied and personalized by combining different forms of side surfaces 8.

Afin de donner une finition harmonieuse au mur, l'on peut surmonter la dernière rangée 2 constituée de premiers éléments de construction 4 par une rangée faîtière 3 constituée de deuxièmes éléments de construction 5. La pose des éléments 5 de la rangée faîtière 3 se fait avantageusement au moyen d'un joint 31, par exemple une couche de mortier pour solidariser la rangée faîtière 3 du restant du mur constitué de rangées intermédiaires 2.In order to give a harmonious finish to the wall, we can overcome the last row 2 made up of first building elements 4 by an ridge row 3 made up of second building elements 5. The fitting of the elements 5 of the ridge row 3 is advantageously done by means of a joint 31, for example a layer of mortar to secure the ridge row 3 to the rest of the wall made up of intermediate rows 2.

De même, en alignant les deuxièmes éléments de construction 5 pour former la rangée faîtière, on applique également, de préférence, un joint 30 entre deux deuxièmes éléments 5 successifs, par exemple un joint en mortier, pour des raisons de stabilité et de maintien des éléments 5. Cela s'avère d'autant plus avantageux lorsque la surface libre de la rangée faîtière 3 est sensiblement plane et peut servir ainsi de surface de support pour objets divers. En effet, en solidarisant entre eux ces éléments de construction on augmente du même coup la capacité de support du mur.Similarly, by aligning the second construction elements 5 to form the ridge row, a joint 30 is preferably also applied between two successive second elements 5, for example a mortar joint, for reasons of stability and maintenance of the elements 5. This is all the more advantageous when the free surface of the ridge row 3 is substantially flat and can thus serve as a support surface for various objects. Indeed, by joining together these building elements at the same time increases the support capacity of the wall.

De plus, dans ce cas, on prévoit avantageusement une armature de renforcement 9 au moins dans la goulette 65 de la rangée intermédiaire 2 supérieure afin d'assurer une rigidité à l'ensemble du mur. Par ailleurs, on utilisera des deuxièmes éléments 5 pourvus de la nervure longitudinale 75 précitée. On loge alors ladite nervure 75 dans la goulette précitée 65 de la rangée intermédiaire 2 supérieure.In addition, in this case, a reinforcing reinforcement 9 is advantageously provided at least in the groove 65 of the upper intermediate row 2 in order to provide rigidity to the entire wall. Furthermore, use will be made of second elements 5 provided with the aforementioned longitudinal rib 75. Said rib 75 is then housed in the abovementioned groove 65 of the upper intermediate row 2.

La figure 4 illustre le cas particulier d'un mur de soutènement 20 constitué à partir d'éléments de construction suivant l'invention. Un mur de soutènement est avantageusement prévu pour stabiliser un talus, par exemple. Ainsi, le mur 20 de consolidation du talus présente une inclinaison α déterminée. Une semelle 22, de préférence en béton, est installée dans le sol de manière à former socle pour le mur de soutènement. Sur la semelle 22 est prévu un talon 23 qui est agencé pour conférer au mur l'inclinaison α précitée. La première rangée 1 d'éléments de construction est disposée en angle sur le talon 23. De préférence, des ancrages de stabilisation 24 sont également prévus dans ce cas. Les ancrages de stabilisation 24 du mur sont logés dans les goulettes 65 à une certaine distance les uns des autres, par exemple tous les 1,5 m. Entre le mur 20 et le terrain naturel 25, une bande de drainage 26 est avantageusement prévue, de manière à faciliter l'écoulement des eaux de pluie notamment, afin de préserver le mur.FIG. 4 illustrates the particular case of a retaining wall 20 constituted from building elements according to the invention. A retaining wall is advantageously provided to stabilize an embankment, for example. Thus, the wall 20 of consolidation of the slope has a determined inclination α. A sole 22, preferably made of concrete, is installed in the ground so as to form a base for the retaining wall. On the sole 22 is provided a heel 23 which is arranged to give the wall the aforementioned inclination α. The first row 1 of construction elements is arranged at an angle on the heel 23. Preferably, stabilization anchors 24 are also provided in this case. The wall stabilization anchors 24 are housed in the troughs 65 at a certain distance from each other, for example every 1.5 m. Between the wall 20 and the natural terrain 25, a drainage strip 26 is advantageously provided, so as to facilitate the flow of rainwater in particular, in order to preserve the wall.

Pour l'érection d'un mur de soutènement selon la figure 4, on procède par les étapes successives suivantes : dans un sol stabilisé 27, on installe des fondations 28, on installe la semelle de support 22 sur laquelle est agencé le talon 23 imprimant l'inclinaison souhaitée α au mur à ériger, on érige une bande de drainage 26 sur pratiquement toute la hauteur désirée du mur, laquelle est destinée à s'étendre parallèlement au mur à ériger, et on érige le mur 20 en appui contre la bande de drainage 26 en partant du talon 23 de la semelle 22 précitée par l'empilement des rangées d'éléments 1, 2 et 3 puis en installant les ancrages 24 à une certaine distance les uns des autres au fur et à mesure de l'empilement de rangées 2 d'éléments de construction 4.For the erection of a retaining wall according to FIG. 4, one proceeds by the following successive stages: in a stabilized soil 27, foundations 28 are installed, the support sole 22 is installed on which the heel 23 is arranged, printing the desired inclination α to the wall to be erected, a drainage strip 26 is erected over practically the entire desired height of the wall, which is intended to extend parallel to the wall to be erected, and the wall 20 is pressed against the strip drainage 26 starting from the heel 23 of the aforementioned sole 22 by stacking the rows of elements 1, 2 and 3 then installing the anchors 24 at a certain distance from one another as the stack progresses of rows 2 of building elements 4.

On obtient ainsi un mur de soutènement permettant de retenir le talus. En outre, en faisant dépasser le mur 20 par rapport à la bande de drainage 26 et au niveau naturel du terrain 25 on obtient un obstacle efficace contre les glissements de terrain. Ainsi, l'écoulement de boues, de terre, de sables ou de cailloux vers des routes, par exemple, peut être empêché en bordant les routes dans les régions à relief de murs de soutènement suivant l'invention. L'inclinaison α du mur 20 peut être réglée par un talon approprié 23 comme indiqué ci-dessus. La stabilité de la zone du mur 20 qui n'est pas soutenue par la bande de drainage, c'est-à-dire la zone en saillie du mur, est assurée grâce à l'effet de calage résultant de la forme des surfaces de base 7 et de sommet 6 des éléments de construction comme décrit plus haut. Le mur retient ainsi les éboulements, notamment en cas de précipitations importantes, ce qui augmente considérablement la sécurité routière par exemple.A retaining wall is thus obtained making it possible to retain the slope. In addition, by projecting the wall 20 relative to the drainage strip 26 and to the natural level of the ground 25, an effective obstacle is obtained. against landslides. Thus, the flow of mud, earth, sands or stones to roads, for example, can be prevented by lining the roads in the relief regions of retaining walls according to the invention. The inclination α of the wall 20 can be adjusted by an appropriate heel 23 as indicated above. The stability of the area of the wall 20 which is not supported by the drainage strip, that is to say the protruding area of the wall, is ensured by virtue of the wedging effect resulting from the shape of the surfaces of base 7 and top 6 of the construction elements as described above. The wall thus retains landslides, especially in the event of heavy precipitation, which considerably increases road safety for example.

De manière à préserver l'effet de calage, le demi-angle β/2 sera choisi inférieur à 90° - α, l'angle α étant l'angle du mur 20 par rapport à la verticale.In order to preserve the wedging effect, the half-angle β / 2 will be chosen to be less than 90 ° - α, the angle α being the angle of the wall 20 relative to the vertical.

Claims (10)

Mur assemblé constitué de premiers éléments de construction qui sont agencés par rangées superposées, dans lequel les premiers éléments de construction (4) présentent une forme sensiblement prismatique avec deux surfaces d'extrémité (11, 12) et une surface d'enveloppe, qui s'étend autour d'un axe prismatique longitudinal et qui est constituée d'une surface de base (7), d'une surface de sommet (6) et de deux surfaces latérales (8) reliant chacune les surfaces de base (7) et de sommet (6) précitées, la surface de base (7) des premiers éléments de construction (4) présentant une forme concave, la surface de sommet (6) ayant une forme convexe et lesdites surfaces de base (7) et de sommet (6) de premiers éléments de construction superposés étant mutuellement adaptées de manière à permettre un emboîtement desdits premiers éléments, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de base (7) et de sommet (6) présentent chacune pratiquement un profil en V de manière à former une paire de flancs de base (71, 72) et de sommet (61, 62) mutuellement parallèles, les flancs de chaque paire formant respectivement un angle (β) entre eux et en ce que les surfaces de base (7) et de sommet (6) précitées présentent chacune à leurs bords longitudinaux des épaulements latéraux inférieurs (73, 74) et respectivement supérieurs (63, 64) mutuellement adaptés, lesdits épaulements latéraux s'étendant au moins sur une partie importante des bords longitudinaux précités.Assembled wall consisting of first building elements which are arranged in superimposed rows, in which the first building elements (4) have a substantially prismatic shape with two end surfaces (11, 12) and an envelope surface, which s 'extends around a longitudinal prismatic axis and which consists of a base surface (7), a crown surface (6) and two lateral surfaces (8) each connecting the base surfaces (7) and abovementioned apex (6), the base surface (7) of the first construction elements (4) having a concave shape, the apex surface (6) having a convex shape and said base (7) and apex surfaces ( 6) first superimposed construction elements being mutually adapted so as to allow an interlocking of said first elements, characterized in that the base (7) and top (6) surfaces each have practically a V-shaped profile so as to form sea a pair of base flanks (71, 72) and vertex (61, 62) mutually parallel, the flanks of each pair respectively forming an angle (β) between them and in that the base surfaces (7) and vertex (6) mentioned above each have at their longitudinal edges lower lateral shoulders (73, 74) and respectively upper (63, 64) mutually adapted, said lateral shoulders extending at least over a significant part of the aforementioned longitudinal edges. Mur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les rangées superposées (2) de premiers éléments de construction (4) sont surmontées d'une rangée faîtière (3) constituée de deuxièmes éléments de construction (5), lesquels présentent une forme se distinguant de celle desdits premiers éléments (4) principalement par leur surface de sommet (13) qui présente une forme continue.Wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the superimposed rows (2) of first building elements (4) are surmounted by an ridge row (3) consisting of second building elements (5), which have a shape distinguished from that of said first elements (4) mainly by their crown surface (13) which has a continuous shape. Mur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un trou (14) s'étend longitudinalement sur au moins une partie de l'élément de construction (4, 5) parallèlement à son axe.Wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one hole (14) extends longitudinally over at least part of the building element (4, 5) parallel to its axis. Mur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une rainure (65) est prévue dans au moins l'un des flancs (61, 62) de la surface de sommet (6), la ou les rainures (65) s'éten- dant longitudinalement à partir d'au moins l'une des surfaces d'extrémité précitées (11, 12) sur au moins une partie de la longueur du premier élément de construction (4).Wall according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one groove (65) is provided in at least one of the flanks (61, 62) of the crown surface (6), the or the grooves (65) extending longitudinally from at least one of the abovementioned end surfaces (11, 12) over at least part of the length of the first construction element (4). Mur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une nervure (75) est prévue sur au moins l'un des flancs (71, 72) de la surface de base (7), la nervure (75) s'étendant longitudinalement sur au moins une partie du premier, respectivement du deuxième élément de construction (4, 5).Wall according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one rib (75) is provided on at least one of the sides (71, 72) of the base surface (7), the rib (75) extending longitudinally over at least part of the first, respectively of the second building element (4, 5). Elément de construction à utiliser dans un mur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.Construction element for use in a wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5. Procédé d'érection d'un mur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes : - on aligne plusieurs premiers éléments de construction (4) bout à bout sur un sol aplani de manière à former une rangée de base (1) de premiers éléments de construction (4); - on empile sur la rangée de base (1) précitée successivement plusieurs autres rangées (2) de premiers éléments de construction (4) jusqu'à une hauteur désirée par rapport au sol en emboîtant la surface de base (7) des premiers éléments de construction (4) de chaque rangée (2) sur la surface de sommet (6) des premiers éléments de construction (4) de la rangée (1 ou 2) placée précédemment, de manière à placer les surfaces de séparation sensiblement à la mi-longueur des premiers éléments de construction (4) de la rangée précédente, et en faisant pratiquement coïncider les épaulements inférieurs (73, 74) avec les épaulements supérieurs (63, 64) des éléments (4) de la rangée précédente. A method of erecting a wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the following steps: - aligning several first building elements (4) end to end on a leveled floor so as to form a base row (1) of first elements construction (4); - Several other rows (2) of first construction elements (4) are stacked successively on the above-mentioned base row (1) up to a desired height relative to the ground by fitting the base surface (7) of the first construction elements construction (4) of each row (2) on the top surface (6) of the first construction elements (4) of the row (1 or 2) previously placed, so as to place the separation surfaces substantially at mid length of the first building elements (4) of the previous row, and making the lower shoulders (73, 74) practically coincide with the upper shoulders (63, 64) of the elements (4) of the previous row. Procédé suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que sur la dernière rangée (2) de premiers éléments de construction (4), on empile une rangée faîtière (3) constituée de deuxièmes éléments de construction (5) et en ce que l'on dispose la rangée faîtière (3) précitée en emboîtant chaque deuxième élément de construction (5) pourvu d'une nervure longitudinale (75) à sa surface de base (7) sur la surface de sommet (6), ledit emboîtement étant effectué en insérant ladite nervure (75) dans la rainure (65) précitée de la surface de sommet (6).Method according to claim 7, characterized in that on the last row (2) of first building elements (4), an ridge row (3) consisting of second building elements (5) is stacked and in that one arranges the aforementioned ridge row (3) by fitting each second construction element (5) provided with a longitudinal rib (75) at its base surface (7) on the crown surface (6), said fitting being effected by inserting said rib (75) in the aforementioned groove (65) of the crown surface (6). Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que, pour au moins l'une des premières rangées précitées (1 et/ou 2) on aligne les premiers éléments de construction précités (4) pourvus des rainures (65) précitées de manière à obtenir une goulette continue s'étendant sur au moins la plus grande partie de la longueur de la ou des premières rangées et en ce qu'on dispose une armature (9) dans au moins l'une des goulettes en enrobant ladite armature (9) pratiquement complètement dans du mortier.Method according to one of Claims 7 and 8, characterized in that, for at least one of the first aforementioned first rows (1 and / or 2), the first aforementioned first building elements (4) provided with grooves (65) are aligned aforementioned so as to obtain a continuous groove extending over at least the greatest part of the length of the first row or rows and in this that a frame (9) is placed in at least one of the grooves by coating said frame (9) almost completely in mortar. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes : - on installe une semelle de démarrage (22) pourvue à son sommet d'un talon (23) imprimant une inclinaison souhaitée (α) au mur à ériger; - on installe des ancrages (24) à une certaine distance les uns des autres; - on érige une bande de drainage (26) sur pratiquement toute la hauteur désirée du mur, laquelle bande de drainage est destinée à s'étendre parallèlement au mur (20) à ériger; et - on érige le mur (20) en appui contre la bande de drainage en partant du talon (23) de la semelle (22) précitée par l'empilement des rangées (1, 2, 3). Method according to any one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized by the following steps: - installing a boot sole (22) provided at its top with a heel (23) imparting a desired inclination (α) to the wall to be erected; - Anchors (24) are installed at a certain distance from each other; - Erecting a drainage strip (26) over practically the entire desired height of the wall, which drainage strip is intended to extend parallel to the wall (20) to be erected; and - The wall (20) is erected to bear against the drainage strip, starting from the heel (23) of the sole (22) mentioned above by stacking the rows (1, 2, 3).
EP93870162A 1992-08-07 1993-08-06 Wall and method of manufacture Withdrawn EP0584053A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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BE9200704 1992-08-07
BE9200704A BE1006112A3 (en) 1992-08-07 1992-08-07 Wall assembly and method for construction of the wall.

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006131362A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2006-12-14 Gerhard Fleischhacker Stackable wall module
KR101075851B1 (en) 2008-11-13 2011-10-25 이재홍 Brick for construction and wall with the bricks
US20140053493A1 (en) * 2012-02-18 2014-02-27 Leslie John Carey Convex Structural Block for Constructing Parabolic Walls

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0021449A1 (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 QUADIE-Bausysteme GmbH Construction such as a retaining wall or the like
EP0039372A1 (en) * 1980-05-03 1981-11-11 Gimmler, Luise Maria, Dipl.-Betriebswirt Shaped brick for a talus
EP0059820A1 (en) * 1981-03-10 1982-09-15 Rolf Scheiwiller Assembly of blocks for constructing walls
EP0181230A2 (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-14 John Watson Crighton Improvements in or relating to building blocks
EP0232050A1 (en) * 1986-01-21 1987-08-12 McCAULEY CORPORATION LIMITED Retaining wall system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0021449A1 (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 QUADIE-Bausysteme GmbH Construction such as a retaining wall or the like
EP0039372A1 (en) * 1980-05-03 1981-11-11 Gimmler, Luise Maria, Dipl.-Betriebswirt Shaped brick for a talus
EP0059820A1 (en) * 1981-03-10 1982-09-15 Rolf Scheiwiller Assembly of blocks for constructing walls
EP0181230A2 (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-14 John Watson Crighton Improvements in or relating to building blocks
EP0232050A1 (en) * 1986-01-21 1987-08-12 McCAULEY CORPORATION LIMITED Retaining wall system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006131362A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2006-12-14 Gerhard Fleischhacker Stackable wall module
KR101075851B1 (en) 2008-11-13 2011-10-25 이재홍 Brick for construction and wall with the bricks
US20140053493A1 (en) * 2012-02-18 2014-02-27 Leslie John Carey Convex Structural Block for Constructing Parabolic Walls
US9315992B2 (en) * 2012-02-18 2016-04-19 Geovent LLC Convex structural block for constructing parabolic walls

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