EP0584053A1 - Mauer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Mauer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584053A1
EP0584053A1 EP93870162A EP93870162A EP0584053A1 EP 0584053 A1 EP0584053 A1 EP 0584053A1 EP 93870162 A EP93870162 A EP 93870162A EP 93870162 A EP93870162 A EP 93870162A EP 0584053 A1 EP0584053 A1 EP 0584053A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
base
wall
construction
row
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93870162A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Georges Collard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INTERBLOCS SPRL
Original Assignee
INTERBLOCS SPRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INTERBLOCS SPRL filed Critical INTERBLOCS SPRL
Publication of EP0584053A1 publication Critical patent/EP0584053A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an assembled wall consisting of first building elements, which are arranged in superimposed rows.
  • a joint with binder to join together building elements of walls made from materials chosen for the erection of these walls.
  • the binder generally consists of mortar, the materials of said building elements being very varied, from terracotta brick to natural stone, passing through concrete blocks, etc.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the otherwise expensive conventional separation and / or retaining walls.
  • the present invention provides a simple and ingenious assembled mus obtained from an easy and rapid assembly of construction elements without resorting to a binder joint to secure the construction elements together.
  • a wall assembled according to the invention consists of first building elements which are arranged in superimposed rows, in which the first building elements have a substantially prismatic shape with two end surfaces and a surface of envelope, which extends around a longitudinal prismatic axis and which consists of a base surface, a vertex surface and two lateral surfaces each connecting the aforementioned base and vertex surfaces.
  • the base surface of the first building elements having a concave shape and the crown surface of a convex shape and said base and crown surfaces of first superimposed building elements are mutually adapted so as to allow nesting of said first elements.
  • the base surface of the first building elements has a concave shape and the top surface has a convex shape, said base and top surfaces of the first superimposed building elements being mutually adapted so as to allow an interlocking of said first building elements one on top of the other.
  • the base and top surfaces have parallel V-shaped profiles and lateral shoulders which extend at least over a large part of the above-mentioned longitudinal edges.
  • the interlocking of the various superimposed construction elements is very stable, even in the absence of a joint.
  • the absence of a joint means that there is no risk of cracking caused by the alteration of joints over time.
  • Another advantage is the fact that the wall is easily removable without deterioration of the building elements and that these are easily recoverable.
  • the speed of construction of the wall is considerably increased and the construction costs reduced.
  • the V-shape of the concave base and convex top surfaces, bordered laterally by two flat shoulders considerably improves the stability of the wall.
  • the contact between the base and top surfaces of two superimposed construction elements is imparted both at the level of the lateral shoulders and at the level of the concave and convex parts proper and allows very secure interlocking, the precision of the contacts between the two superimposed surfaces ensuring stability.
  • the above-mentioned superimposed rows are surmounted by an ridge row which consists of second construction elements, which have a shape which is distinguished from that of the first elements mainly by their crown surface which has a continuous form.
  • the longitudinal assembly is classic in header, alternating joints, with or without intermediate spaces.
  • each construction element has at its apex surface at least one longitudinal groove making it possible to insert a reinforcement reinforcement there.
  • the aforementioned second construction elements differ slightly from the first, and arranged in a higher final row, they make it possible to impart a completed appearance to the wall while achieving an upper support surface entirely hovers over the entire length of the wall.
  • the base surface is identical to that of the first construction elements described above, its crown surface, on the other hand, is planar and preferably projects slightly laterally.
  • the lateral surfaces of the first and second building elements are also identical.
  • a method of erecting a wall is proposed, according to which several first building elements are aligned end to end on a leveled floor so as to form a base row of first building elements. ; then on the above-mentioned base row, several other rows of first building elements are successively stacked up to a desired height relative to the ground by fitting the base surface of the first building elements of the row to be placed with the top surface of the first construction elements of the row placed before, so as to place the aforementioned separation joints substantially at the mid-length of the first construction elements of the previous row.
  • Figure 1 shows an elevational view of a wall made of building elements according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of a first construction element of the separation or retaining wall according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a second construction element intended to cover the wall according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a retaining wall according to the invention.
  • the wall 10 according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 1 consists of several superimposed rows 1, 2, 3 of construction elements 4 and 5. It is in particular a separation wall and / or support made using prefabricated building elements.
  • the wall illustrated in FIG. 1 generally comprises a base row 1, several intermediate rows 2 and a ridge row 3.
  • the construction elements 4 and 5 are given a particular shape.
  • the construction elements are shown on a larger scale in FIGS. 2 and 3. These construction elements have a generally prismatic shape delimited by two practically parallel end surfaces 11 and 12 and a prismatic envelope surface extending so peripheral around a longitudinal axis and connecting the two aforementioned end surfaces substantially at right angles.
  • the envelope surface of the first building elements 4 consists of a base surface 7 and a crown surface 6, as well as lateral surfaces 8.
  • the base surface 7 serves as a support surface for the element of construction.
  • the base surface 7 of the building elements is intended to cooperate with the top surface 6 of building elements of a lower row. In order to ensure good construction stability to the wall 1, the base 7 and top 6 surfaces are therefore in conformity with each other.
  • the base surface 7 of the building elements has a concave shape and the crown surface 6 of the first building elements 4 has a convex shape, said concave and convex shapes being complementary.
  • the base 7 and crown 6 surfaces each have two inclined sides forming between them an angle ⁇ .
  • the flanks 71 and 72 of the base surfaces and the flanks 61 and 62 of the crown surfaces are practically parallel in pairs.
  • the angle ⁇ of the convex and concave surfaces is practically identical.
  • the contact surface between the superimposed building elements of adjacent rows is thus made optimal and the stability of superimposed rows of building elements is considerably reinforced, even in the absence of a joint.
  • This possibility of obtaining a stable construction wall in the absence of a joint is extremely advantageous. It allows building walls to be made quickly and without cracks appearing in the wall over time. This is preferable from an aesthetic point of view but also in terms of security.
  • the absence of a joint allows rapid dismantling of the wall with the possibility of extremely convenient recovery of the construction elements.
  • the first construction elements 4 are practically identical. This has the effect that the first construction elements 4 are easily interchangeable and the speed of construction and dismantling of the wall is greatly increased. In addition, all of this contributes to significantly reducing the costs of such walls. The same applies to the aforementioned second construction elements 5 intended to form an ridge row 3.
  • the concave shape of the base surface 7 of the first construction elements 4 allows the use of these as is for the constitution of the base row 1 on the floor, when placing the wall, and this ensuring a sufficiently stable support.
  • lower lateral shoulders 63 and 64 are provided along at least one longitudinal edge (two in the example illustrated in FIG. 2) apex surfaces 6 and lower lateral shoulders 73 and 74 are likewise provided along at least one longitudinal edge of the base surfaces 7.
  • the lower and upper lateral shoulders extend over at least part of the length of said lengths. longitudinal edges.
  • the lateral shoulders thus form a stop and oppose any lateral sliding by rotation around the longitudinal axis of the superimposed construction elements. Thanks to the wedging effect thus obtained, any lateral sliding movement by rotation of the building elements is prevented.
  • the length and width dimensions of the upper lateral shoulders correspond to those of the lower lateral shoulders so to ensure integrity contact between superimposed construction elements.
  • a lateral shoulder extending over the entire length of the longitudinal edges of the building elements, in a substantially planar manner in planes oriented transversely to the plane of the wall.
  • this orientation of the lateral shoulders is also very advantageous with regard to stability at least for the construction elements 4 of the base row whose respective base surfaces are intended to rest on a generally flat floor.
  • the total surface of the lower lateral shoulders 73 and 74 and the upper lateral shoulders 63 and 64 preferably represent between a quarter and a half of the total bearing surface of the construction element 4, that is to say of the base surface 7 or the top surface 6. This gives a good relationship between support stability on the one hand, obtained thanks to the lateral shoulders and wedging effect on the other hand, obtained thanks to the projecting shape of the base 7 and top 6 surfaces.
  • top and base surfaces preferably have substantially planar surfaces joined at the crest and at the bottom respectively by a zone of rounded junction respectively denoted 66 and 76 in FIG. 2. This thus leaves a certain clearance, during the superposition between construction elements 4 to be superposed, which is favorable during the superposition of construction elements 4.
  • At least one hole or hollow 14, for example cylindrical, can be provided longitudinally and right through in the construction elements. This also leads to a significant reduction in the building element.
  • the building elements forming the header are preferably full or each hole 14 is blind, the blind side being intended for the header side.
  • At least one of the lateral surfaces 8 of the construction element 4 has a non-planar shape so that the wall as a whole has an aesthetic appearance.
  • a pyramidal or conical surface 8 facing inwards or outwards forming a boss resting on the longitudinal edges of the base 7 and apex 6 surfaces and on the lateral edges of the surfaces. 11, 12.
  • An embodiment which is both more convenient to make and more resistant in form consists of a rounded surface, for example of cylindrical appearance, inwards or, preferably, outwards. as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the non-planar shape of the lateral surfaces 8 can also advantageously have an acoustic effect.
  • the construction elements according to the invention are advantageously produced symmetrically, thereby increasing the interchangeability and therefore the speed of construction and dismantling of the wall.
  • the groove 65 extends longitudinally over at least part of the length of the construction element 4 to from at least one of the end surfaces 11 and 12.
  • the section of the groove 65 is practically constant.
  • the shape and dimensions of the section of the groove 65 are provided so as to allow the housing in the groove of a reinforcing reinforcement 9 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the reinforcing reinforcement 9 consists of a metallic reinforcing rod or "concrete rod” which must be embedded in a mixture, such as mortar, to avoid corrosion.
  • the dimension of the section of the groove 65 must be provided accordingly.
  • the reinforcing effect obtained by virtue of the reinforcement 9 is considerably increased by providing grooves 65 extending over the entire length of the construction element 4. In this way, by appropriately aligning the construction elements 4, a continuous groove allowing the assembly of rows 1 and 2 reinforced over their entire length.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an additional embodiment of a second construction element 5.
  • This is intended to constitute a finishing row 3 by alignment of several construction elements 5, so as to form the ridge row 3 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the second building element 5 is distinguished from the first building element 4 described above only by the different shape, for example substantially planar, of the crown surface 13 thereof.
  • the flat top surface thus provides the assembled wall with a support surface allowing objects to be placed on it, for example flower boxes, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a molding 15 is advantageously provided along at least one longitudinal edge of the crown surface 13.
  • the molding 15 is attached to the corresponding lateral surface 8, for example over at least one third of the height thereof. , from the longitudinal edge of the crown surface 13.
  • the molding 15 has for example a rounded and convex shape. The same applies to at least one of the side surfaces 8, in particular at least that to which the molding 15 is attached. Preferably, the curvature of the molding 15 is more pronounced than that of the lateral surface 8, thus ensuring a better increase in the support surface obtained and holding ratio of the molding to the construction element 5.
  • At least one rib 75 is advantageously provided on at least one of the sides 71, 72 of the base surface 7 of the second elements 5 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the rib 75 of the second construction element 5 is arranged to cooperate with the groove 65 of a first construction element 4 and is therefore arranged at a location suitable for this purpose so as to form an additional wedging between superimposed construction elements.
  • the rib 75 extends longitudinally over at least a substantial part of the length of the second construction element 5. In the illustrated case, the rib 75 extends, in substantially constant section, over the entire length of the second construction element 5 so as to ensure optimum nesting security between the first and second construction elements.
  • the method of constructing a wall according to the invention is described below in the light of FIG. 1.
  • several intermediate rows 2 are similarly constituted by superimposing one by one of the first construction elements 4 to start on the base row 1.
  • elements 4 of the same length are preferably used, the building elements arranged in header having of course the appropriate length.
  • the construction elements 4 are superimposed without joints.
  • the construction stability of the wall is however ensured thanks to the particular shape of the construction elements 4 allowing a safe and reliable nesting of said elements 4 as has already been described previously.
  • a good correspondence, as to the shape and dimensions, between the base surfaces 7, on the one hand, and the crown surfaces 6, on the other hand, in particular of the sides 71 and 72 resp. 61 and 62 and lateral shoulders 73 and 74 resp. 63 and 64 provides perfect fitting precision of the construction elements.
  • the stability of the wall is further enhanced when the reinforcing frame 9 is placed in the groove 65 as rows 1 and 2 are formed. In this case, the reinforcing frame is coated 9 for example in mortar.
  • the aesthetic effect obtained by the particular appearance of one or two side surfaces 8 of several construction elements 4 can be varied and personalized by combining different forms of side surfaces 8.
  • a joint 30 is preferably also applied between two successive second elements 5, for example a mortar joint, for reasons of stability and maintenance of the elements 5. This is all the more advantageous when the free surface of the ridge row 3 is substantially flat and can thus serve as a support surface for various objects. Indeed, by joining together these building elements at the same time increases the support capacity of the wall.
  • a reinforcing reinforcement 9 is advantageously provided at least in the groove 65 of the upper intermediate row 2 in order to provide rigidity to the entire wall. Furthermore, use will be made of second elements 5 provided with the aforementioned longitudinal rib 75. Said rib 75 is then housed in the abovementioned groove 65 of the upper intermediate row 2.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the particular case of a retaining wall 20 constituted from building elements according to the invention.
  • a retaining wall is advantageously provided to stabilize an embankment, for example.
  • the wall 20 of consolidation of the slope has a determined inclination ⁇ .
  • a sole 22, preferably made of concrete, is installed in the ground so as to form a base for the retaining wall.
  • On the sole 22 is provided a heel 23 which is arranged to give the wall the aforementioned inclination ⁇ .
  • the first row 1 of construction elements is arranged at an angle on the heel 23.
  • stabilization anchors 24 are also provided in this case.
  • the wall stabilization anchors 24 are housed in the troughs 65 at a certain distance from each other, for example every 1.5 m.
  • a drainage strip 26 is advantageously provided, so as to facilitate the flow of rainwater in particular, in order to preserve the wall.
  • a retaining wall is thus obtained making it possible to retain the slope.
  • the wall 20 by projecting the wall 20 relative to the drainage strip 26 and to the natural level of the ground 25, an effective obstacle is obtained. against landslides.
  • the inclination ⁇ of the wall 20 can be adjusted by an appropriate heel 23 as indicated above.
  • the stability of the area of the wall 20 which is not supported by the drainage strip, that is to say the protruding area of the wall, is ensured by virtue of the wedging effect resulting from the shape of the surfaces of base 7 and top 6 of the construction elements as described above.
  • the wall thus retains landslides, especially in the event of heavy precipitation, which considerably increases road safety for example.
  • the half-angle ⁇ / 2 will be chosen to be less than 90 ° - ⁇ , the angle ⁇ being the angle of the wall 20 relative to the vertical.
EP93870162A 1992-08-07 1993-08-06 Mauer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Withdrawn EP0584053A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9200704A BE1006112A3 (fr) 1992-08-07 1992-08-07 Mur assemble et procede de construction du mur.
BE9200704 1992-08-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0584053A1 true EP0584053A1 (de) 1994-02-23

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Family Applications (1)

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EP93870162A Withdrawn EP0584053A1 (de) 1992-08-07 1993-08-06 Mauer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

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EP (1) EP0584053A1 (de)
BE (1) BE1006112A3 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006131362A1 (de) * 2005-06-08 2006-12-14 Gerhard Fleischhacker Stapelfähiges wandmodul
KR101075851B1 (ko) 2008-11-13 2011-10-25 이재홍 건축용 적층블럭 및 이를 이용한 수직벽체
US20140053493A1 (en) * 2012-02-18 2014-02-27 Leslie John Carey Convex Structural Block for Constructing Parabolic Walls

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0021449A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 QUADIE-Bausysteme GmbH Bauwerk in der Art einer Stützwand od. dgl.
EP0039372A1 (de) * 1980-05-03 1981-11-11 Gimmler, Luise Maria, Dipl.-Betriebswirt Böschungsformstein
EP0059820A1 (de) * 1981-03-10 1982-09-15 Rolf Scheiwiller Bausatz zur Erstellung von Mauern
EP0181230A2 (de) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-14 John Watson Crighton Baublöcke
EP0232050A1 (de) * 1986-01-21 1987-08-12 McCAULEY CORPORATION LIMITED Stützmauersystem

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0021449A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 QUADIE-Bausysteme GmbH Bauwerk in der Art einer Stützwand od. dgl.
EP0039372A1 (de) * 1980-05-03 1981-11-11 Gimmler, Luise Maria, Dipl.-Betriebswirt Böschungsformstein
EP0059820A1 (de) * 1981-03-10 1982-09-15 Rolf Scheiwiller Bausatz zur Erstellung von Mauern
EP0181230A2 (de) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-14 John Watson Crighton Baublöcke
EP0232050A1 (de) * 1986-01-21 1987-08-12 McCAULEY CORPORATION LIMITED Stützmauersystem

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006131362A1 (de) * 2005-06-08 2006-12-14 Gerhard Fleischhacker Stapelfähiges wandmodul
KR101075851B1 (ko) 2008-11-13 2011-10-25 이재홍 건축용 적층블럭 및 이를 이용한 수직벽체
US20140053493A1 (en) * 2012-02-18 2014-02-27 Leslie John Carey Convex Structural Block for Constructing Parabolic Walls
US9315992B2 (en) * 2012-02-18 2016-04-19 Geovent LLC Convex structural block for constructing parabolic walls

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE1006112A3 (fr) 1994-05-17

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