EP0828042A1 - Modular construction system for prefabricated buildings, and prefabricated building obtained - Google Patents

Abstract

The construction utilises as prefabricated base elements columns (6) and walls (7). The columns and walls each have, in the horizontal cross section, conjugate profiles which enable their fitting together. The columns have a convex polygonal profile and the wall vertical edges have a triangular concave profile. The walls are fixed by their lower edge onto a base plate (8), which is fixed to the ground, and connect two columns. The upper horizontal concave edge of the walls receive a gutter (10) which is also fixed by its ends onto two columns. A self supporting roof (11,12) has its lower edge overhanging the gutters.

Description

The present invention relates to prefabricated buildings, i.e. buildings most of the components of which, otherwise all of them are produced in the workshop for be assembled and assembled on site.

Such a building is known for example from document FR-A-907.248 which describes a construction extendable with a hexagonal base formed by supports or posts trapping between them elements of partitions or walls. Mode and means of assembly of supports and elements of partitions are relatively complex and do not provide mounting without risk of error.

The invention aims to provide a building prefabricated, additionally modular, the elements of base are very small in number, which can be used to receive the public (hotel, restaurant, etc ...), and which is free from risk of assembly error.

Another object of the invention is to provide a such prefabricated building that can be assembled on site by unskilled labor.

To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a modular building construction system prefabricated comprising, as prefabricated basic elements, columns and walls, each arranged between two columns, characterized, as specified in the characterizing part of claim 1, in that the columns and walls have, in horizontal section, conjugate profiles intended to cooperate for the assembly of walls and columns by interlocking, the columns having a convex profile in regular polygon and the vertical edges of the walls presenting a triangular concave profile.

For example, the columns have a section right in octagon, and the vertical edges of the walls present a concave triangle profile with an angle at the top of 135 °.

The walls are advantageously fixed, by their edge lower, on a sole which is in turn fixed mechanically on the ground and which connects two columns to which it is mechanically fixed.

The walls advantageously have an upper edge horizontal concave which fixedly receives a gutter, itself fixed at its profiled ends with two columns.

The above system is advantageously completed by a self-supporting roof whose lower edge overhangs gutters to pour rainwater into it.

For their support and their mechanical fixing to the ground, the columns advantageously have a lower base profiled; preferably, these columns are hollow to allow the passage of rainwater.

According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a modular prefab building which, as specified in the claim 11, is characterized in that it is obtained at from the building system above.

Such a building can include at least two cells joined together along a vertical plane passing through the axis of two adjacent columns, this plan containing or not a wall.

For anchoring the building to the ground, the footings and the columns are mechanically fixed, for example by bolting, on a concrete slab which is made on the ground.

Figs. 1 et 2 sont des vues en perspective montrant deux exemples de bâtiments préfabriqués modulaires obtenus selon l'invention ;

Fig. 3 est une coupe verticale schématique d'un bâtiment selon l'invention présentant deux cellules accolées;

Fig. 4 est une vue schématique en coupe horizontale montrant,à titre d'exemple, un bâtiment comportant une cellule principale en forme d'octogone régulier et une cellule carrée accolée à la cellule principale ;

Fig. 5 est une coupe verticale montrant un mur, une semelle , une gouttière et une colonne ;

Fig. 6 est une vue en perspective montrant deux colonnes adjacentes et la semelle et le mur qui sont disposés entre ces deux colonnes ;

Fig. 7 est une vue analogue à la Fig. 6 mais montrant seulement les deux colonnes et la semelle, ainsi qu' une gouttière reliant les extrémités supérieures des deux colonnes ;

Fig. 8 est une coupe verticale d'une colonne ;

Fig. 9 est une vue en plan de l'ensemble constitué par deux colonnes adjacentes , par la semelle qui les relie et par un mur ;

Fig. 10 est une coupe verticale suivant la ligne X-X de la Fig. 9 ;

Fig. 11 montre un détail de la Fig. 9 pour la solidarisation d'une semelle avec une colonne ;

Fig. 12 est une coupe verticale suivant la ligne brisée XII-XII de la Fig. 11 ; et

Fig. 13 est une vue schématique en plan montrant la jonction de trois gouttières sur une même colonne.

The invention will be clearly understood on reading the additional description which follows and with reference to the appended drawings which form part of the description and in which:

Figs. 1 and 2 are perspective views showing two examples of modular prefab buildings obtained according to the invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic vertical section of a building according to the invention having two adjoining cells;

Fig. 4 is a schematic view in horizontal section showing, by way of example, a building comprising a main cell in the form of a regular octagon and a square cell attached to the main cell;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section showing a wall, a flange, a gutter and a column;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing two adjacent columns and the sole and the wall which are arranged between these two columns;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 but showing only the two columns and the base, as well as a gutter connecting the upper ends of the two columns;

Fig. 8 is a vertical section through a column;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the assembly constituted by two adjacent columns, by the sole which connects them and by a wall;

Fig. 10 is a vertical section along the line XX of FIG. 9;

Fig. 11 shows a detail of FIG. 9 for securing a sole with a column;

Fig. 12 is a vertical section along the broken line XII-XII of FIG. 11; and

Fig. 13 is a schematic plan view showing the junction of three gutters on the same column.

We have shown schematically in perspective on Fig. 1 a building which is established according to the teachings of the invention. This building is of the prefabricated type modular, and it has a central cell 1 to which four auxiliary cells 2 are attached, each cell auxiliary 2 communicating with the main cell central 1. As will be described in connection with the mode of preferred embodiment of the invention, the main cell 1 is in the form of a regular octagon, on four alternate sides from which the auxiliary cells 2 are provided, themselves square.

The building shown in Fig. 2 is, in his in principle, an extension of the building in FIG. 1 in this sense that in the space provided between two auxiliary cells squares 2 and the central octagonal cell 1 of FIG. 1, we place another octagonal main cell 1 ', to which we can add, for example, an auxiliary cell square 2 '.

Fig. 3 shows in vertical section, in more detail but still schematically, a main cell 1 and an auxiliary cell 2 of the type of those of FIGS. 1 and 2.

The building is assembled and fixed to the ground 4 by through a concrete slab 5 which has been produced on the ground. This building is made using a modular construction which includes, as basic elements, columns 6 and walls 7 which are each arranged between two successive columns; columns 6 and walls 7 are prefabricated and have, in horizontal section, conjugate profiles which are intended to cooperate with each other for the assembly of walls and columns by interlocking.

The purpose of the combined profiles is to allow the angular positioning of a wall relative to a column without possible error.

According to the invention, the columns have a convex cross-section in regular polygon, while the walls have, on their vertical edges, a concave profile triangular conjugate.

More preferably, the profile of the columns is in octagon, this form being preferred because it is it which seems to allow the greatest possible diversity of buildings from the same basic elements.

In addition, the angle at the top of the vertical edges of the walls is 135 ° in case the columns have a cross section in the shape of a regular octagon.

The method of mounting and of fixing the walls 7 to the columns 6.

The walls, by their lower edge, are fixed on a sole 8, itself mechanically fixed to the ground and connecting two successive columns 6 to which it is mechanically fixed.

A floating floor 9 is mounted on the slab 5, regardless of walls, columns and footings.

Columns 6 and walls 7 receive rainwater collection gutters 10.

The system according to the invention also comprises prefabricated roofs 11 and 12, in assembled panels on site, which are for example of two types, namely a type for octagonal cells 1, 1 'and a type for 2.2 'square cells. If all the walls 7 have the same dimension, just one type of panel per cell type. Generally, for an octagonal cell, there will have as many types of panels as dimensions for walls 7. The same applies to the roof panels 12 helper cells. A cap 37 (Figs. 1 and 2) ensures waterproofing at the top of roofs.

The roofs 11 and 12 are self-supporting, so just fix them on the edge of the gutters peripherals 10. Of course, this lower edge of the roofs overlooks the gutters for the drainage of water.

If necessary, the building in FIG. 3 maybe supplemented by a false ceiling 13.

A schematically represented in horizontal section in Fig. 4 the building of FIG. 3 with a octagonal main cell 1 and an auxiliary cell square 2. By way of illustration, there is also shown, for the main cell 1, a partition 14 for separating this cell. We also see in this Figure that, during some of the walls 7 were made, openings 15 which, advantageously, are equipped in the workshop of their frames (door or window) or the like.

As shown in Fig. 8, each column 6 is consisting of a vertical tube having a bore axial through 16 for the passage of rainwater. At his upper part, bore 16 ends with cone 17 with eight facets for receiving gutters 10.

In its lower part, column 6 includes a base 19 for mechanical attachment to the concrete slab 5 by bolts 20.

As best seen in Fig. 9, the bolts 20 pass through slots 21 of the base 19, these slots preferably being elongated in the peripheral direction to facilitate the accuracy of the installation of bolts.

The outer wall 18 of the columns 6 and the base 19 have regular octagon profiles and, in addition, the ends of the soles 8 are profiled in triangle at 135 ° so that the columns, with their base, fit closely into these ends.

The soles 8 are fixed to the slab 5 by bolting through elongated slots 22 with vertical axis receiving bolts 38.

There is shown in FIG. 11 ways to fixing a profiled end of a sole 8 to a column 6. In the vicinity of its end, and on each longitudinal face, the sole 8 has a cavity 23 receiving and operating a horizontal bolt 24 which is screwed into a threaded socket 25 embedded in the body of column 6, above the base 19.

As can also be seen in FIG. 11, the end of the sole 8 and the wall 18 of the column have vertical grooves 26 of semi-circular shape to receive an O-ring seal 27.

As seen in Fig. 12, each sole 8 has an upper face 28 which is convex and, so complementary, the lower edge of the walls 7 is concave to get into the correct position, precisely and without possible error, on the corresponding sole 8.

To seal between wall 7 and the sole 8, at least one horizontal joint 29 is provided in two grooves 30 which are formed in the surface 28 of the sole and in the lower edge of the wall.

Also shown in FIG. 12 ways fixing a wall to a footing. From place to place, near its lower edge, and alternately on your two sides, wall 7 has bevelled recesses 31 for receiving and operating a bolt 32 whose axis is oblique and is screwed into a threaded socket 33 embedded in the sole 8. Plugs 39 are snapped in after mounting to hide the recesses and bolts.

There is shown in FIG. 9 the way a wall 7, by its two vertical edges, cooperates with two columns 6. Each edge or vertical edge 34 of the wall is concave and, in the preferred embodiment of the invention described here as an example, edge 34 is triangular with an angle at the top of 135 °, so as to adapt, by conjugation of the forms, on both sides of a vertical edge of the wall 18 in regular octagon of the column 6. Because each column 6 penetrates slightly into the wall 7, it is blocked horizontally; it is therefore not essential to provide a direct mechanical fixing of the wall on the columns. One can nevertheless provide a fixing similar to that of the walls on the footings.

As seen in Fig. 5, the edge or edge horizontal top 35 of each wall 7 is concave, and it cooperates with the convex lower face 36, of complementary shape, of the corresponding gutter 10.

Schematically, there is shown in perspective in Fig. 6 the set consisting of a wall 7 which is fixed on its sole 8 and immobilized between two columns 6 while in FIG. 7 there is shown, analogously, the corresponding gutter 10, forming a crosspiece stiffening upper, which is placed on two columns.

As an illustration, we have schematically represented in plan in FIG. 13 the junction of three gutters 10 on the same column 6. We can see that the ends of the gutters have a 90 ° bevel, which allows the constitution of the square auxiliary cells 2 and 2 '. Of filling pieces 40 in corner at 45 ° are provided between the successive gutters of an octagonal main cell. Each gutter 10 has ends of a profile cooperating with two facets of the terminal cone 17 of the bore 16 of the columns, which allows rainwater to enter this bore, leaving the gutters 10, for its evacuation. The gutters 10 can be fixed on walls 7 and roofs 11.12 by any means appropriate.

Columns 6, walls 7 and footings 8 are prefabricated in the workshop, and they are sent on site to their assembly, an operation which is particularly simple and precise because of their cooperation by conjugation of forms. Roofs 11,12 are also assembled on site. The walls 7 are electrically pre-equipped (cables under tubes, sockets, switches), cables coming out at the base walls for connection after assembly.

These constituent elements are advantageously constituted in a composite material which has in particular the advantages of being light, mechanically resistant, resistant fire, thermal and sound insulating and of an aspect which resists weathering and aging. All the elements constitutive of the building according to the invention are easily transportable and can be handled by hand, without the need for lifting gear. So they can be sold in the retail trade for their assembly by a non-professional. Note that columns 6 and the walls 7, which remain visible elements of the building finished, are assembled on site presenting their final appearance, as shown schematically as an example on Figs. 1 and 2, which avoids intervention on site by building trades carrying out finishing works.

According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, and as seen in particular in Figs. 5.9, 11 and 12, the profiles of the gutters 10, columns 6 and soles 8 have an angle of 135 °, which allows to use the same mold and a set of drawers to obtain of these three types of parts.

Of course, the invention is not limited to embodiment which has been described; we could on the contrary design various variants without going out of its framework as defined by the claims attached.

Claims (14)

Modular building construction system prefabricated, comprising, as basic elements prefabricated, columns (6) and walls (7) arranged each between two columns, characterized in that the columns and walls have, in horizontal section, conjugate profiles (17,34) intended to cooperate for assembly of walls and columns by interlocking, columns with a convex profile in regular polygon and vertical edges of walls with a concave profile triangular. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the columns (6) have a cross section in regular octagon and vertical edges of walls (7) have a concave triangle profile with an angle at the top 135 °. System according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the walls (7) are fixed by their edge lower on a sole (8) which is mechanically fixed to the ground and which connects two columns (6) to which it is fixed mechanically. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the concave horizontal upper edge (35) walls (7) fixedly receives a gutter (10), itself fixed at its profiled ends on two columns (6). System according to claim 4, characterized in what it includes a self-supporting roof (11,12) whose lower edge overhangs the gutters. System according to one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the columns, the footings and the gutters have the same angle, in particular 135 °, for obtaining them from the same mold and using a set of drawers. System according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the gutters constitute beams upper transverse stiffening. System according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the columns (6) have a base lower profile (19) for support and mechanical fixing to ground. System according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the columns (6) are hollow, for the passage of rainwater. System according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the walls are pre-fitted electrically. Modular prefab building characterized by what it is obtained from the building system according to one of claims 1 to 10. Building according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises at least two cells (1.1 ', 2.2') joined together along a vertical plane passing through the axis of two adjacent columns (6). Building according to claim 12, characterized in that the cells are in regular polygon, in particular in octagon and / or square. Building according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the footings (8) and the columns (6) are mechanically fixed, in particular by bolting, to a concrete slab (5) made on the ground.

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