EP2591178A1

EP2591178A1 - Construction of buildings using wooden blocks

Info

Publication number: EP2591178A1
Application number: EP10742891.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Vincent Marie Rodolphe Claire Lepot
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-07-08
Filing date: 2010-07-08
Publication date: 2013-05-15
Also published as: LU91966B1; AU2010356994A1; WO2012004633A1; US20130104488A1

Abstract

This is a concept for constructing a building entirely out of wood, the building being any house from A to Z, the ultimate objective being self-build. Once the blocks have been placed one on top of the other, and once the structure is finished, the house is complete! There is no longer any need to provide an inner or outer skin. Indeed, the inside of the blocks, the inside of the walls, can accommodate all possible and conceivable utility shafts, electric wiring, water supply pipes, heating pipes, waste pipes, ventilation and insulation... The design is not simply a block, that would be too easy, but a block of a certain size which, when applied in certain ways, enables an entire house or an entire building to be constructed quickly and simply. Thus: - the walls are built (without a single nail or screw, simply by nesting the blocks together, like a construction set); - floor beams are created using the same wooden system, but prestressed with threaded rods, providing very high strength and able to cover wide spans (the wall-floor relationship is a fundamental element justifying this type of build); - a staircase is created (again using the same system of blocks and simply by nesting them together) (a child's toy at a ridiculously low cost); - and a roof is built (the simplest and most economic form of roof would be a flat roof, but a sloping roof could also be created). Even though foundations are needed only at the corners of the main bearing walls, this lightweight construction is very robust. Joists spread the weight of the flooring over all of the walls, and threaded rods start from the foundations and rise up vertically at the various corners of the house. Even the roof is firmly attached to the foundations. The house is able to withstand all winds in all climates.

Description

Invention Title: Title: Construction of Wooden Block Buildings

Technical Field

[I] System for building houses or wooden buildings. System of complete construction from the foundations to the roof, by interlocking wooden blocks, requiring no nail, no screws. The basic block is the carrier element. The entire building is reinforced by beams that will link the entire building.

Background Art

[2]

[3] In the field of the construction of wooden buildings, there are many

patents, especially for mounting walls from various forms of wooden blocks.

[4] WO 2008/129154 A1 Rapid assembly building system with wood and metal composite framework.

[5] WO 2009/027448 A1 Prefabricated building elements of wood and system

constructive.

[6] WO 92/21417 Building blocks Set.

[7] WO 97/39204 Building module and building module System for producing flat

construction, especially walls.

[8] WO 2009/024651 A1 Construction block made of wood or other material.

[9] WO 91/08359 Construction Element for building cabins

[10] WO 00/01902 Modular stairway system, method for erecting stairway and kit

thereof.

[I] WO 93/14282 Method for the manufacture of prestressed wooden building modules and building modules thus obtained especially for architectural structures.

[12] WO 2007/028658 A1 Construction system for making walls.

[13] WO 2004/109028 A1 Structural wooden elements and building system therefrom

[14] WO 88/05485 Construction system, by modular wooden frames, forming structures, and their method of assembly.

[15] US 005890332A Reconstituted wood block modular building system.

[16] WO 2010/047570 A double walled wood block and a method for building a wall thereof.

[17] WO 03/016645 Al Wall construction

[18] Most of these systems invent very interesting block shapes that allow to mount pieces of walls. But these different patents do not study all the problems of the construction of a building, from the foundation to the roof. For example, the connection of walls and floors is rarely mentioned in these patents. But the connection of the wall and floor is a crucial problem to achieve buildings of one or more levels. In our patent for the construction of wooden blocks buildings, we tried to think about the construction taking into account all the technical problems of the building: the realization of the foundations, to mount the walls in connection with the foundations, to foresee difficult situations and the possibility to integrate a concrete belt beam, provide for the perfect connection of two, three or four intersecting walls, firmly attach the light construction to the foundations, build floors on several levels, realize a

construction with a strong and resistant structure, build the roof, integrate a door or window frame, make a staircase, provide for the passage of technical ducts, provide space for a thick layer of insulation in the walls and floors.

[19]

[20] It is a concept of building a house or building entirely of wood, thought from the beginning to the end, whose ultimate goal would be self-construction. Once the blocks are mounted on each other, once the structure is complete, the house is finished! It is no longer necessary to remake a skin, neither inside nor outside. In fact, inside the blocks, inside the walls, the electrical wiring, the water supply pipes, the heating pipes, the evacuation of the toilets, the ventilation, as well as the insulation, find their place.

[21] It is not simply a block that is designed but a block of certain dimensions, which, applied in a certain way, allows to build simply and quickly a whole house, or a whole building.

[22] Thus, walls are mounted (without a nail, without a screw, by simple interlocking, like a set of blocks.) We can easily insert doors or windows without using any nail. We create a staircase, always with the same system of interlocking blocks.The assembly of this staircase will be child's play, of a derisory cost, but of a resistance and a high aesthetic quality, conceived, according to the same system.The relationship of the wall and the floor is a fundamental element to ensure a true stability of the whole construction.And we make the roof with the same system.Either a flat roof to make simple and economic, but various types oblique roofs are possible, although foundations are only needed at the corners of the main load-bearing walls, this light construction is very solid, and joists distribute the weight of the floors over the entire wall. foundations located at the corners of walls of the house, to go up vertically and firmly hold the whole to its foundations. Thus, the roof and the walls are firmly attached to the foundations. The building will withstand all winds and climates.

Presentation of the invention

Technical Problem

[23] As in Roman times, everything is still to be built on the site.

It's not all about creating a block. The greatest difficulty was to fix the connection between the walls and, above all, the connection of the walls and floors, and to ensure a great solidity to the whole building. And this, while allowing technical sleeves to accommodate electrical wires, water pipes and heating and sanitary evacuations, and a large thickness of insulation to minimize energy requirements. In traditional houses, once the main sturcture of the building is completed, only half of the work is done. It is still necessary to do everything inside, to pass all the technical sleeves and to hide them in a new skin to realize inside. Building a house requires a lot of operations, a lot of patience, time and money to build these successful skins. We often observe 3 skins that are supperposent: the structure, then the inner skin to hide the technical networks, finally an outer skin insulating. All these successful operations are long and expensive.

Technical Solution

[24] With this system, a single skin, a single operation, the blocks of wood that overlap form the load-bearing structure of the building. The technical sleeves and the insulation find their places directly inside the blocks. Everything goes inside the walls. It would only be for aesthetic reasons, or to better protect the main structure, that we could add layers on the blocks. Otherwise, it is no longer necessary to remake either an inner skin or an outer skin. So, there is a significant reduction in the time required for the construction of a building or a house, and the costs are greatly reduced. So, you do not have to be a great technician to build your house. Having played with construction games as a child is the only experience having to build a building from the foundations to the roof.

Ad vantageous Effects

[25] Simplicity of construction, speed, not a nail, not a screw. It's a simple interlocking game. Anyone with a handyman can ride his house alone in record time. Saving time and money. And once the house is up, the ducts are provided everywhere, the insulation is already in the walls .... It is no longer necessary to break everything inside. This simple and economical system may be to build quality homes, accessible to everyone, without the builders are forced to go into debt for life.

Description of Drawings

[26] The description (*).

[27] (Fig. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) The outer or inner plank of the base block

(1). The board can be outer or inner, even if the wood species are different, because it is exactly the same board cut, which has rotated 180 °. Thus the vertical tongue (1), always in the axis of the thickness of the board, located at the left end in the top board is found at the right end in the bottom board. The vertical groove (2) located at the right end in the top board is found at the left end in the bottom board. This principle will be applied to all building blocks. This avoids having to cut two different boards to build the block.

[28] (Fig.1) Plan view of the outer or inner plank. All the dimensions of the construction respect a frame (X * 0.5) and precise ratios so that all the elements of the construction fit together, in length, in width and in height. For a board of length (X * 6), four dovetail cuts (4), made on half the thickness of the board and over its entire height, are located along the length at (X * 0, 5), then to (X * 2), then to (X * 1), then to (X * 2), and so on ... Thus, the intermediate boards will always be superimposed and the construction will offer a very high compressive strength.

[29] (Fig.2) In the outer and inner planks, in their dovetail cuts (4) are inserted perpendicularly the intermediate boards of the base block (II) whose two vertical ends are terminated by tenons in the shape of a dovetail (3) running along the entire height of the board.

[30] (Fig.3) Detail of the left end of the outer or inner plank. The vertical tongue (1), always in the axis of the thickness of the board, located at the left end in the top board is found at the right end in the bottom board. (X * l) corresponds to the current height of a wooden board sold commercially.

[31] (Fig.4) Detail of the stretch of the outer or inner plank. The vertical groove

(2) located at the right end in the top board is found at the left end in the bottom board.

[32] (Fig. 2, 3, 4,5, 9,10) The top of the outer, inner, intermediate and corner planks always ends in a tongue, located in the axis of the thickness of the plank. (5)

[33] (Fig.3, 4, 5, 9, 10) The underside of the outer, inner, intermediate and corner planks always ends in a groove, located in the axis of the thickness of the plank. [34] (Fig. 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14) Four small holes (7) are drilled in the intermediate board of the block. These small holes are very important because they will allow to put hooks or steel bars or cables, to connect all the blocks horizontally between them. A larger central hole (8) will allow the possible installation of vertical hooks between several piles of blocks, the possible passage of horizontal technical ducts, and the possibility of grabbing the blocks more easily. Thus, every four or five piles of blocks, can be put horizontally rebars or threaded rods (11) along the entire length of the wall. The steel bars (12) are bolted to both ends of the wall. Thanks to this system of threaded rod, these piles of blocks become like real prestressed beams. These rods will consolidate all the construction and will allow to build on several floors. These holes also allow you to place hooks vertically that attach several stacked bunks, or a whole wall from top to bottom. This system of steel reinforcements, hidden inside the blocks, will give the wooden constructions a very great strength and a great resistance.

[35] (Fig.2, 3, 4) On the upper edge of the outer side of the outer or inner plank, an edge is oblique (9) to remove the drop of water.

[36] (Fig.6, 7, 8) The base block (III), consisting of two outer - inner planks (I) and four intermediate planks (II). This block is solid wood. Neither glue nor nail is necessary for its assembly. Thanks to the dovetails, the intermediate boards fit into the outer board and the inner board. All forms a block.

[37] (Fig.8) At each block pile, we shifted the blocks of (X * 3), thus half the length of a block. Thus mounted, the wall of blocks forms only one body.

As the blocks respond to a frame of precise dimensions, the interposed boards fall one above the other. Thus, we have a perfect continuity of the wooden boards, going from the foot of the wall to the top. The wood block wall offers a very high resistance to compression. Horizontal steel bars (11) reinforce the wall.

[38] (Fig. 9, 10, II) The cut-away corner board (IV), of length (X * 3) and height (X * 1). Starting from the two ends, at (X * 0.5) ends, there are two simple cuts at mid-height. The cuts are turned down (9). The corner board (IV) intersects with the notched corner board (V). In the corner board (V), two cuts are also made at half-height, but these cuts are turned upwards (10). The boards (IV) and (V) are slightly different since the tongue (5) is always on the top of the board and the groove on the bottom of the board. Note that on the top of the corner board at cuts down (IV), the tongue (5) is interrupted (15) twice. Thus the blocks that come to nest above can also fit if they are rotated 90 °.

[39] (Fig.11) The corner block (VI). The corner block is the result of crossing two boards (IV) and two boards (V). The square of wood (VII), cut to the internal measurements of the corner block, in length (X * 2 - 2 * e) and in width (X * 2 - 2.e) and whose height is half of the height of the block (X * 0.5). "E" being the thickness of the wood. This square of wood (VII) can strengthen the corner block.

[40] (Fig.11, 12, 13) The square of wood (VII) can slip inside the corner block

(VI) to solidify it. In height, the square is half the height of the block. Holes (7) pierce it on all sides. Placed inside the block, the holes (7) of the square of wood (VII) fall just in front of the holes (7) of the corner block (VI). Thus, the square of wood (VII) does not hinder the passage of the steel rods (11). In the center of the wooden square

(VII), a large round hole (16) allows the passage of the vertical rod (14) running from the foundation to the roof. To reinforce the floor beams (XXXVIII), again, we insert wooden squares (VII), but positioned vertically. In this case, they are (X * 2 - 2 * e) in height, e being the thickness of wood, (X * 0.5) in width, for different lengths depending on the holes where they must be inserted ( X * 0.3), (X * 0.9), (X * 1.6).

[41] (Fig.13) If necessary, two wooden squares (VII) can be slid into the corner block (VI) to solidify it. Two stacked squares make the height of the block.

[42] (Fig. 14) Interlocking the corner block (VI) with two base blocks (III). Steel bars, threaded rods (11), or crenellated concrete bars, or cables, threaded into the holes (7) and bolted (12) attached to the corners of the wall, ensure a perfect connection between all the blocks from the same pile of wall.

[43] (Fig.15) The lost formwork system for foundations or concrete columns

(VIII). Concrete foundations are needed under the corners of walls that will support all construction loads. To pour concrete foundations, we will make lost formwork (VIII) with corner blocks (VI), nested one on top of the other. This will form the formwork that will receive the concrete. The corner blocks buried in the ground are coated with tar. Through the holes (7) can be slid concrete bars (11) which will form a grid of steel reinforcements inside the formwork. Next, four rebars are slid vertically over the entire height of the formwork (13). Finally, in the center, we slide vertically a long crenellated or threaded bar, or a steel cable (14). This vertical bar (14) must penetrate deep into the concrete and out of the height of one or more floors. The vertical bar or wire rope (14) will then be extended to the roof. It will firmly attach the entire construction to concrete foundations. If necessary, we can build concrete columns on the same principle.

[44] (Fig.16) To make the corners of the walls, in order to perfectly weld the corner and the wall, one can use the elongated corner block (XI). It has the shape of a corner block and a half base block. Like all blocks, it is (X * l) in height and in length [(X * 0.5) + (X * 2) + (X * 1) + (X * 2) + (X * 0.5 )] = (X * 6), so the same length as a base block (III). Therefore, an elongated corner outer board (IX) and an elongated inner corner board (X) must be manufactured. They each have two dovetails (4), two grooves (10) and four small holes (7). Nevertheless, they are not perfectly symmetrical. For the board (IX), the tongued vertical end (1) is on the side of the notches (10), and the other vertical edge of the board (IX), on the side of the dovetails, is grooved (2). While the board (X) is the opposite, the groove (2) is on the vertical end of the side of the notches, while the tongue (1) is on the side of the dovetails. Like all the boards of the construction, on the upper edge, one finds a tongue (5) and on the lower edge a groove (6).

[45] (Fig.16, 17) The elongated corner block (XI) is composed of two intermediate boards (II) and two corner boards (IV) which fit into an elongated outer board (IX) and an elongate inner board (X).

[46] (Fig.18) A corner block and another superimposed but rotated 90 °. Thus, thanks to these elongated corner blocks, two corner walls are perfectly bonded together.

[47] (Fig.19) The elongated corner block also allows a perfect interlocking of three or four walls that meet in the same corner. Note also that the basic blocks (III) that have exactly the same frame fit perfectly on the corner blocks (17). The different walls can then continue in length or height with basic blocks (III).

[48] (Fig.20) The joist (XII). The joist will be a structuring element that will slip inside the blocks. Thus, in height, the joist is (X * 0.5) and thus takes half the height of a block. In width, the joist is (2 * X- 2 * e) Since "e" is the thickness of the wooden planks. Thus, the joist can slip inside the block. The length depends on the length of the wall, but is punctuated on the dimensions of the blocks nested end to end, so (X * 2 + X * 0.5 + X * 0.5 + X * 2 + ...) = ( X * 2 + X * l + X * 2 + ...) At each rhythm, on the bottom of the joist, we practice a groove (6) so that the joist fits on the tongue (5) of the top of interlayer boards of the base blocks (I).

[49] (Fig.20, 21, 22) On the end of the joist that falls on the corner block, at its end, a hole is made (7) so that the joist can be slipped into the vertical bar ( 14) dating back to the foundation. At each (X * 1), we also practice a hole of (X * 0.9) in diameter in order to let the technical sleeves. Thus, the technical sleeves can go up vertically over the entire height of the building, while being hidden inside the walls. The presence of joists at each floor does not interfere the passage of vertical technical ducts.

[50] (Fig.23) Therefore, where one wants to pass joists inside the corner blocks (XI), it is necessary to cut the upper (18) or lower (19) half of the intermediate boards (II), as well as half of some corner planks with downward or upward cuts (IV) or (V), as well as some outer or inner planks of elongated corner (IX or X). We obtain the cut elongated corner block (XV) which will have to be declined in several forms, in order to answer all the possible cases of possible figures. It is also necessary to cut the upper half (18) or lower (19) of the intermediate boards (II) of the basic blocks. The base block is obtained with the upper half of the cut insert (XIII), and the base block with the lower half of the cut insert (XIV).

[51] (Fig.24) Thus, the joists come to the corners to slip into the vertical bar (14) which goes from the foundation to the roof. The corner system (XVI) distributes the weight well over the entire wall and brings the forces back to the corners, at the foundations. This corner system ensures perfect stability of the entire building and will build on several floors. These joists will be found in the first and last pile of blocks of the wall, at the level of each floor, at the thresholds and lintels of the doors and windows, under and on the supports of the floor beams, under the supports of the roof beams, ... that is to say wherever it is necessary to strengthen the wall. The joists are completely hidden inside the blocks.

[52] (Fig.25) Planks II, IV, IX, X, the upper half is cut (18) to pass the joist width (2 * X - 2 * e) and height (X * 0, 5). Thus, new boards are obtained, the interlayer with the high cut half (XVII) which is therefore simply the intermediate board (II) reduced by half its height (X * 0.5). This new board (XVII) is suitable both to be inserted in the bottom or the top of the base block (III). This gives the base block with the upper half of the cut insert (XIII) of the (Fig.23) or the base block with the lower half of the cut insert (XIV) of the (Fig.23) . Moreover, if we take the board (IV) and that we practice in its upper part a hole of (2 * X- 2 * e) in width and (X * 0.5) in height, we gets the corner board with the cut top

(XVIII). Similarly, the elongated outer corner board with the cut top (XIX) comes from the board (IX) where a hole (2 * X-2 * e) in width and (X * 0.5) in height, is practiced in its upper part. And the inner elongated corner board with the cut top (XX) is the board (X) where a hole (2 * X-2 * e) in width and (X * 0.5) in height, is practiced in its upper part.

[53] Fig.26) Following the same principle, the lower half of boards IV, IX, X, is

cut (19) to let the joist width (2 * X- 2 * e) and height (X * 0.5). Thus, we obtain the corner board with the lower part cut (XXI). So it's board (IV) with a hole (2 * X- 2 * e) in width and (X * 0.5) in height, practiced in its lower part. The outer elongated corner board with the lower cut-out portion (XXII) is the board (IX) where a hole (2 * X - 2 * e) in width and (X * 0.5) in height, is practiced in its lower part. The inner elongated corner board with the cut bottom portion (XXIII) is the board (X) where a hole (2 * X - 2 * e) of width and (X * 0.5) in height, is practiced in its the top part. These seven cut-out corner and corner boards create all sorts of possible corner blocks, to solve any possible corner, where two, three, or four walls meet from left, right, and front. .. with joists in the upper or lower part of the block, and in all possible directions.

[54] (Fig.27) Regardless of the corner block, the joists that intersect with it are always

offset in height by (X * 005). Thus, the joists can all cross and all slip into the vertical bar (14). And, depending on the case, the joists can continue beyond the corner block. The cut corner block for two joists that continue (XXIV). The joists intersect and continue beyond the block (20). Thus, four walls meet at this corner or, in other words, two walls intersect and continue each other. The cut corner block for a joist (XXV). One wall leads to this corner. So the joist stops at the corner (21). A square of wood (VII) can be slid (22) to reinforce the cut corner block. Cut corner block for reinforced joist (XXVI).

[55] (Fig.28) The cut corner block for two intersecting joists (XXVII). Here, two walls intersect at right angles. The two joists stop at the corner. (21). The bottom joist goes to the right. Cut corner block for two joists intersecting at an inverted angle (XXVIII). Here, the two joists stop at the corner (21). The bottom joist goes to the left. Two walls intersect at right angles inverted. The elongated corner block cut for the bottom joist that continues and the top joist that stops (XXIX). Here, it is the bottom joist that continues beyond the block (20). Three walls meet at this corner.

[56] (Fig.29) The elongated corner block cut for two continuous joists (XXX). The joists intersect and continue beyond the block (20). The high joist is along the elongated part of the block. Four walls meet in this corner. The elongated corner block cut for two intersecting joists (XXXI). Here, two walls intersect at right angles. The two joists stop at the corner. (21). The high joist is along the elongated part of the block. The elongated corner block cut for two joists intersecting, but at an inverted angle (XXXII). Here, the two joists stop at the corner (21). The bottom joist goes to the left. The high joist is along the elongated part of the block. Two walls intersect at right angles, but the low joist is inverted and goes to the right. The elongated corner block cut for a joist bass continues and another high cross stops at the corner (XXXIII). A joist continues beyond the block (20) and the other stops at the corner block (21). The high joist is along the elongated part of the block. Three walls meet in this corner.

[57] (Fig.30) The elongated corner block cut for a high joist that continues and another bass that stops at the corner (XXXIV). A high continuous joist beyond the block (20) and the other low, stops at the corner block (21). The low joist is along the elongated part of the block. Three walls meet in this corner. The elongated corner block cut out for a single low joist (XXXV). One wall leads to this corner. So, the low joist stops at the corner (21). It can slide (22) a square of wood (VII) to strengthen the upper part of the cut corner block. The elongated corner block cut for two joists that stop at the corner, L-shaped corner (XXXVI). The two joists stop at the corner. (21). The high joist goes to the left. The low joist is along the elongated part of the block. Here, two walls intersect at right angles. The elongated corner block cut for two joists that stop at the corner, inverted L corner (XXXVII). The two joists stop at the corner. (21). The high joist goes to the right. The low joist is along the elongated part of the block. Here, two walls intersect at right angles.

[58] (Fig.31, 32) The floor beam (XXXVIII). The floor beam is

composed of basic blocks (III) placed end to end, but positioned vertically. Their dimensions are always multiples of X. For example, in height one can have (X * 2), but for buildings with larger ranges, or if it is necessary to support heavier loads than normal, one can increase the height beams, (X * 3), (X * 4), etc. In width (X * l). And in length, a multiple of (X * 6). The length depends on the length of the wall. The length of the wall is, like the basic blocks that compose it, also a multiple of (X * 6). Along the length we must add two supports of (X * l, 5) (23). These two supports allow to put the beams on the load-bearing walls. The floor beams may also be composed of exterior and interior planks cut to the length of the wall. To reinforce the beam, we insert wood squares (VII) of (X * 2 - 2 * e) in height, of (X * 0.5) in width and of different lengths, according to the holes where they must be. insert (X * 0.3), (X * 0.9), (X * 1.6). Holes (7) are made to pass through the steel rods (11).

[59] (Fig.32) In most cases, two steel rods (11) suffice, one close to the upper edge and one near the lower edge. These two steel rods are firmly attached to both ends of the beam and tensioned. Thus, the two steel rods will resume a maximum of the bending work of the beam. Thus, the floor beams will be extremely strong and they will be able to cross large spans from one end of the building to the other. So, in many cases, we can avoid the construction of a wall of splits. Larger interior spaces with non-partition walls bearing. Note that the large round holes (16) of the wooden squares (VII) inserted in the beam, will allow to pass steel rods to attach the beams together, and to pass horizontal technical ducts inside the floors .

[60] (Fig.33, 34) For main girders (XXXIX) which have to support larger spans or heavier loads, a double row of squares of wood (VII) and four bars of wood can be used. stretched steel. It becomes a heavy beam, and as such, it can only be handled with a crane. But, this beam can arrive in spare parts on the building site. It can be mounted on site. For example, the beam arrives from a single piece (24), the length of the wall and the supports. But it is hollowed out of wooden squares (VII) and steel bars (11). So, it remains relatively light (24). We put the beam in place, and then it is filled with the two rows of squares of wood (VII), and finally we put on the four steel bars (11) that we tend to tighten to the maximum bolts at their ends. In the same way, the floor beams (XXXVIII) can also arrive on site in parts.

[61] (Fig. 35) The floor beams (XXXVIII) rest on half the wall thickness. On each floor, the wall always ends with a joist (XII) inserted into a block (XIII). Thus, from the outside or inside of the building, the joists are completely hidden, we only see blocks superimposed on each other. Thanks to the joist, the weight of the floors will be well distributed over the entire wall and returned to the corners, so to the foundations. The floor beams (XXXVIII), all (X * 3), are measured at the center of the floor beams. On the floor beams (XXXVIII), an insulator (25) will be deposited and a conventional wooden floor (26) made. Under the floor beams (XXXVIII), either the exposed floor beams are left, or a conventional building ceiling is applied. In the thickness of the floor beams (XXXVIII), it is possible to fill with insulation and to pass horizontal technical ducts. These horizontal technical ducts are directly connected to the vertical technical ducts passing through the walls, through the openings (28) practiced at the level of the floor beams. floors.

[62] (Fig.36) Walls continue to be mounted around the floor beams. The spaces required to support the beam on the wall, of width (X * l), will be cut in the basic blocks (III), all (X * 3), or in a rhythm of (X * l ), (X * 2), ... These are the blocks cut to insert the floor beams (XL). On their side, on the inside of the building, holes of (X * 0.74) are made so that the technical ducts which rise vertically in the walls can emerge horizontally at the level of the floors (28). Note that hollow wall hooks (27) which slide in the holes (7) can securely fix each of the blocks to the lower block. The hollow wall hook system (XLI) is valid for all building blocks. [63] (Fig.37) The system of two joists that enclose floor beams (XLII).

On the two piles of blocks cut to insert the floor beams (XL), a second joist (XII) is deposited which will enclose the floor beams (XXXVIII).

[64] (Fig.38) Steel bars or threaded rods (29) connect the two joists (XII). The rods (29) are bolted up and down. Thus, this system of two connected joists which enclose the floor beams (XLII) acts as an extremely strong beam. This system of two joists (XII) which enclose the floor beams (XXXLIII) returns all the loads of the floor on the corners and the foundations. Thus, thanks to this system of two joists which enclose the floor beams (XLII), if necessary, we can do without a load-bearing wall. On this, the wall of the second floor can continue. His first pile will be a basic block with the lower half of the cut insert (XIV) which is inserted around the second joist (XII).

[65] (Fig.39) The interior of all building blocks can be filled with insulation (30).

Flame-retardant insulation will be preferred. The hollow wall hooks (27) attach the pile of walls to each other. The vertical service ducts provide an opening (28) at the floor level to connect to any horizontal ducts that run inside the floors.

[66] (Fig.40) The elongated corner block, left side, cut to insert two floor beams (XLIII). The elongated corner block, right side, cut to insert two contiguous floor beams (XLIV). In fact, the elongated corner blocks must also leave room for the floor beams to rest on the walls. Here the cuts are double in width, ie (X * 2), indeed, near corners, two floor beams (XXXVIII) are placed together to reinforce the edges of the floors. This is because the edges of the floors must support the furniture in which we accumulate a lot of weight. Note that hollow wall hooks (27) which slide in the holes (7) can securely fix each of the blocks to the lower block.

[67] (Fig.41) The base block for a wall end, left side, cut to insert the floor beams (XL Y). The base block for a piece of wall, right side, cut to insert the floor beams (XLVI). Indeed, the basic blocks can also be found at the end of the wall. In this case, they must also leave room for the two adjoining floor beams to rest on the walls. Here the cuts are double in width, ie (X * 2), indeed, near the corners, two floor beams (XXXVIII) are placed together to reinforce the edges more stressed by the weight of the furniture. The cut-out base block, left or right side, to insert the floor beams on a slotted wall (XL VII). The basic block cut out, in the center, to insert the floor beams on a wall of slit (XLVIII). In the case of shear walls, the floor beams are supported on both sides of the wall. It is therefore necessary to provide all the interstices necessary to let the floor beams (XXXVIII) rest on the wall.

[68] (Fig.42) Illustration of the base block for a wall end, left side, cut to insert the floor beams (XLV), with the beams that are inserted therein. The basic blocks cut to insert the floor beams on a slotted wall (XL VII) and (XL VIII). In the case of the wall, the floor beams rest on both sides of the wall.

[69] (Fig.43) The flat roof system (XLIX). Creating a flat roof begins with the installation of floor beams (XXXVIII) and a traditional building floor (31). Then, on the floor, a roof of traditional construction is made: a vapor barrier (32) and a flame retardant insulation of height (X * 3) (33) are deposited. Thus, with an insulation in the walls of (X * 2) and an insulation of (X * 3) on the roof and under the floor of the ground, buildings are built with low energy consumption. The upper face of the insulation offers a small slope relative to the horizontal so that the water flows towards the cornice. On this one, one covers with impermeable material, copper, zinc, steel sheets, or roofing, etc. (34). The cornice will be housed in the last block pile of the wall (35). This last pile of blocks is composed of basic blocks with the upper half of the cut insert (XIII). In this half block height left free, you can insert a cornice. The drain pipe can be located in the middle of the ledge and go down inside the wall (36). On the same principle, it is also possible to make oblique roofs.

[70] (Fig.44) The building floor system (L) is virtually identical to the flat roof system (XLIX). So floor beams (XXXVIII), arranged all (X * 2), rest on half the thickness of the wall. Under the floor beams (XXXVIII), there is a first joist (XII). This first joist is inserted in a row of base blocks with the upper half of the cut spacer (XIII). Near the edge, there are two floor beams side by side to strengthen the edges, more stressed by the weight of the furniture. The supports of the floor beams (XXXVIII) are enclosed by two piles of blocks cut to insert the floor beams (XL) into the wall. Note that in these blocks, a round hole (28) allows the horizontal technical sleeves which are located at the level of the floors to connect with the vertical technical ducts which are located inside the walls. On the supports of the floor beams (XXXVIII) and on the second pile of blocks (XL), a second joist is deposited. The system of two joists encloses the two floor beams (XLII). Indeed, the two joists (XII), located under and above the floor beams (XXXVIII) are attached to each other by vertical steel bars (29) bolted above and below. Then, we continue to mount the wall with a first pile of blocks whose lower half of the spacer is cut (XIV). Then, we continue with one or more piles of basic blocks (III). In the case of the flat roof system (XLIX), add a last row of base blocks with the top half of the cut insert (XIII). In this block (XIII), we slip a joist (XII) but finer, (X * 0.45) hate, which leaves a height of (X * 0.55) to slide a cornice (35) . Note that the different blocks that are superimposed are attached to each other by hollow wall hooks (27) which slide into the holes (7) of the intermediate boards (II). These holes (7), we find them in all kinds of blocks.

[71] (Fig.45) The corner system reinforced by two vertical joists (LI). Vertical joists (XII) are inserted vertically into the outer end of the corners of the walls (37). These two joists (XII) go up along the corners from the foundation to the roof. The joists are firmly attached to the corner blocks (VI) and (XI), or, at the elongate corner blocks of (XXIV) to (XXXVII), as well as to the walls, by the horizontal steel bars (29) bolted . The steel bars cross the wall along its entire length. They connect the two corners of the two ends of the wall. Thus, thanks to these contiguous joists, the corners become real columns extremely solid. The entire construction can rest on its corners that are strong enough to take all the loads and return them to the foundations. The foundations are always located under these corners. The corner and the two intersecting walls are firmly attached to the foundation by means of the vertical steel bar that rises from the foundation to the last pile of blocks. The horizontal joists (XII) of the last pile of blocks intersect at the corner. At the corner, these two joists (XII) are threaded into the vertical rod (29) and are bolted (38). The building can withstand all storms.

[72] (Fig.46) The column system (LU). In some situations, it is necessary to elevate the entire building or part of it. In this case, we will have to erect columns. The column is simply made of corner blocks (VI) reinforced by wooden squares (VII), and stacked on top of each other. Four vertical joists (XII) are vertically inserted into the four interstices (37) left visible by the corner blocks. These joists (XII) go up along the corner blocks from the end of the foundation to the top of the column. The joists are firmly attached to the corner blocks and to each other, face to face, by the horizontal steel bars which cross the column from one side to the other and are attached from one joist to the other. Thus, the corners become real columns extremely solid. The entire construction can be based on these columns strong enough to take all the charges and return to the foundations below them. The column and the two intersecting walls are also firmly attached to the foundation by means of the vertical steel bar (29) which rises from the foundation to the roof. The first horizontal joists (XII) on which we will mount the walls, intersect at the top of this column. The horizontal joists are threaded and bolted to this vertical rod (38). The vertical rod (29) continues to the roof to attach the entire construction to the foundation.

[73] (Fig.47) In some situations, it will be necessary to build a concrete belt girder that connects either the foot or the top of the foundations, or at the foot or over the columns, extending the foundations to keep wooden construction out of water. For example, in soft ground or soaked with water or in floodplains, otherwise, in direct contact with the water, all the wooden construction would perish.

[74] According to the fire standards of some countries, for the construction of several floors of flats, it may be necessary to create belt girders. To do this, the formwork system (VIII) used to build the foundations can be used to build concrete columns. To build concrete beams that are grafted on the columns, in the base blocks (III), it removes the interlayers (II) so that we can pour concrete. We take exactly the diagram of the base block (III), the same frame, and the same tongues (1) and (2) at the ends, an outer board (LUI) with the same ends (1) and (2), and Opposite, the same board (LUI) which has rotated 180 °, its ends (2) and (1) are reversed. In this plate (LUI), there are holes (7) which will accommodate threaded rods. Thus, one creates the outer plate with holes (LUI). Horizontal threaded rods (29) bolted (38) at both ends will act as a spacer. Indeed, the threaded rods allow to create a continuous concrete beam, which was not possible with the base blocks (III) because of the inserts (II). This gives the lost formwork block for concrete beams (LTV). The first row of the formwork of the beam will fit into a joist (XII) placed horizontally. This joist (XII) will close the bottom of the formwork. Thus, we create the lost formwork block for concrete beams that is embedded in the joist at the bottom (L V). If necessary, to close the formwork at the top, we create the lost concrete formwork block for concrete beams that is embedded in the joist at the top (L VI). The half-hole outer plank (L VII) is also created to create the half-length block of formwork lost for concrete beams (LVIII). This half block is necessary to alternately shift blocks of half a length to each pile of blocks and create a perfect cohesion of the whole.

[75] (Fig.48) To treat the corners, we create the cut-notch wedge at the bottom cut to let the concrete through, tongued end (LIX). Cut-to-cut wedge board cut to allow concrete to pass through, grooved end (LX). Cut-out corner board cut up to allow concrete to pass, tongue-tied end (LXI). The cut-to-cut wedge board cut out to leave pass the concrete, grooved end (LXII). The various combinations of corner boards (IV) and (V) with the cut corner boards to allow concrete to pass, (LIX), (LX), (LXI), (LXII), give us: the cut corner block for two concrete beams (LXIII), cut corner block for a concrete beam (LXIV), cut corner block for three concrete beams (LXV), cut corner block for four concrete beams (LXVI) .

[76] (Fig.49) The foundation box system or column and beam made of concrete

(LXVII). The lost formwork system (VIII) used to build the concrete foundations can be used to build concrete columns, if necessary.

As for the wooden column system (LU), four vertical joists (XII) are vertically inserted into the four interstices (37) left visible by the blocks. Here, we illustrate the case of a concrete foundation or column where two concrete beams meet. On the beam side, the two vertical joists embedded in the corner blocks will support the two horizontal joists that form the bottom of the formwork of the concrete beam. On the outside, the two longer vertical joists will hold the three pile of cut corner blocks (LXIII). Thus, the continuity of the concrete between the column and the beams is ensured (39).

[77] (Fig. 49, 50) A first pile of lost formwork blocks for concrete beams is deposited on the horizontal joist (XII). A second batch of concrete formwork blocks (LIV), initially with a half block in length of concrete formwork (LVIII) for shifting the second pile from the first pile. And a third pile of lost formwork blocks for concrete beams (LIV). Concrete bars of concrete are placed vertically and horizontally, which will serve as reinforcements for concrete, sized according to the expected load (29). In the formwork, pipes (40) are also placed in order to allow the vertical passage of the ducts through the concrete beams. The formwork remains in place. Thus, once poured concrete, we can continue to mount the wooden partitions with the base blocks (III) which fit perfectly on the blocks of formwork lost for concrete beams (LIV). Thus, the concrete structure is hidden behind the wooden formwork that remains in place. The building with concrete support is practically indistinguishable from the same building entirely made of wood.

[78] (Fig.51) For corner formwork blocks, elongated formwork corner blocks can also be used to provide additional strength for corner blocks for formwork. Once again, the elongated corner blocks are almost identical to the corner blocks, they have the same characteristics, the same weft, the same ends male and female tongues (1) and (2), the same notches to the top and to For example, the elongated corner blocks for formwork and the elongated corner blocks fit perfectly into each other. The only difference is that the dovetails are not used but holes that will receive horizontal threaded rods bolted to both ends. We start by creating: the elongated corner block board for formwork, with the grooves facing downwards on the groove side (2). (LXIX); The elongated corner blockboard for formwork, with the notches facing downwards, located on the tongue side (1) (LXX); The elongated corner block board for formwork, notches down, cut groove end (LXXI); The elongated corner block board for formwork, notches down, tongue end cut (LXXII). Then the combination of these boards will give the different elongated corner blocks for formwork, answering all the situations: The elongated corner block for formwork for a concrete beam (LXXIII); The elongated formwork corner block for two angle concrete beams forming an inverted L (LXXIV); The elongated formwork corner block for two angled concrete beams forming an L (LXXV); The elongated formwork corner block for three concrete beams forming a T (LXXVI); The elongated formwork corner block for three concrete beams forming a t (LXXVII); The elongated formwork corner block for three concrete beams forming an inverted t (LXXVIII); The elongated formwork corner block for four concrete beams, forming a + (LXXIX).

[79] (Fig.52) Sloping roof system (LXXX) is required in some areas where it is raining or snowing heavily. The oblique roof is sometimes imposed by planning regulations. The sloped roof system consists of floor beams

(XXXVIII) arranged obliquely to the horizontal. The floor beams (XXXVIII) are attached to trapezoid-shaped pieces of joist (41) and deposited on the horizontal joist (XII). A piece of cylindrical wood (42), threaded into the end of the beams, ties them all together. The trapeziums are firmly attached to the horizontal joist (XII) on which they rest. The horizontal joists are firmly attached (38) to the foundation by the vertical bar (29) which rises from the foundation to the roof, inside the corners. Joists cut in a triangle (43) along the slope of the roof, also attached to the joist (XII) on which they rest, serve as feet to deposit the ends of the beams (XXXVIII) on the wall. On this structure, it is covered with an insulation (44), a seal and a cornice

(45), of traditional construction.

[80] (Fig.53) One or more beams (XXXVIII) can be placed to triangulate

the entire structure of the roof oblique and form a farm. The triangulation beams will be connected by a cylindrical wooden beam (42) which is inserted into all the beams and holds them all in place.

[81] (Fig. 54) The beat system for windows and doors (LXXXI). The end of a base block (III) is a perfect flap to support a door or window frame

(46). As the block on which the chassis will be deposited will be strongly solicited, especially in the entrance of a door, one inserts squares of wood (VII) in order to reinforce it (47). Above the frame, a horizontal joist (XII) is inserted. This joist (XII) acts as lintel and returns loads in the piers, on both sides of the frame. Two or more bolted vertical steel bars (38) connect this joist to the joist of the foot of the wall and the joist of the end of the wall of the floor. Thus, the wall is greatly solidified. In order to be able to shift the blocks alternately along the length, it is necessary to create a basic half block according to the length

(LXXXII). This block is exactly half of a base block, ie (X * 3), depending on the length, the other dimensions remaining the same. Thus this half block (LXXXII) will be found at the level of the beat for a pile of blocks on two (48).

[82] (Fig.55) The frame is then stuck in the beating by a vertical joist which

fills the remaining space (49). And we deposit a threshold (50).

[83] (Fig.56) The stair step (LXXXIII). The stair step is obtained by

the nesting of the basic blocks (III). To make stair steps using the basic blocks (III), we create a base block of a slightly different format, in order to create steps that perfectly meet the formula of (2Hauteur + 1 Giron) = 60 to 63 centimeters. To do this, we only decrease the width of the spacer (II). To build stair steps, lay the base blocks on their side. The finished height of the first step is (X * l, 43). On the other hand, the second and subsequent steps will only be (X * 1, 28) high. Indeed, as the second step fits into the first, (51), the thickness of one of the outer boards does not come into play. The length of a step is (X * 2), thus, one fits two basic blocks (III) (52) to obtain this length of march.

[84] (Fig.57) The stair steps (LXXXIII) (Ml) and (M2) and so on are

maintained between them by joists (XII) cut to measure, which fit on both sides of the step (Ml) and extend under the step (M2) to keep it nested in (Ml). Horizontal bars that go on both sides of the step (53) and vertical bars that tie the step (Ml) with the step (M2), (54), hold the whole. Like all the rest of the construction, the assembly of this staircase is a construction game that can be relatively quickly mounted.

[85] (Fig.58) The straight staircase (LXXXIV). In this example, we have 16 steps, so

the staircase goes up (X * 20,56). We will recover the (X * 0.56) too much on the first step at the foot of the stairs, placing small wedges under the stairs. But the pace of the staircase often falls on the rhythm of the height of the pile of blocks. Thus, the ^3rd step is (X * 3.98) in height, the seventh step is (X * 9.08) in height, the tenth is (X * 12.91) in height, the fourteenth fact (X * 18.01) in height. In short, we can make constructions with half levels, the staircase can stop there, the height of its steps will adjust easily. On each side of the stairs, the bars vertical extensions (54) will serve as pillars of a railing on which a handrail can be placed (55). Above the stairs, the last joists of the last step can be embedded in the beam of the upper floor to maintain the staircase in place (56).

[86] (Fig.59) The angle staircase (LXXXV). We apply exactly the same principle of interlocking basic blocks (III) to form the steps that follow one another. At the corner, the joists (XII) interposed in the steps, attached by the horizontal (53) and vertical (54) steel bars form the bearing structure (56) and the right angle (57) which supports the second flight of the stairs.

[87] (Fig.60) The angle staircase (LXXXV). Base blocks (III) maintain

also the structure of joists and steel bars. Once the basic blocks (III), the joists (XII) and the steel bars (53) and (54) put in place, the bearing forms a single block.

[88] (Fig.61) The stairway in two parallel flights (LXXXVI). The parallel joists are interconnected by horizontal steel bars (53) which hold the bearing

(56) and attach the two flights (58) together.

[89] (Fig.62) The staircase in two parallel flights (LXXXVI). The basic blocks (III)

also maintain the structure of joists (XII) and steel bars (53) and (54).

Once the base blocks, joists and steel bars are in place, the bearing forms a single block.

[90]

[91] (*) (To help the reader, each element created, each block created, each system of construction created, we have designated them by a Roman numeral.These Roman numerals are found in the description, in the figures of the drawings. and in the claims For all the elements created, we have established a hierarchy: in italic, we designate the boards created In italic and bold, we designate the created blocks, which result from the nesting of the boards created. finally, in italics, bold and underlined, we designate the building systems created, which are composed of different blocks and different elements.We have adopted the same hierarchy in the claims.As a guide, some dimensions are indicated in the form of a multiple X, for example * (X * l). "Indeed, the dimension ratio plays an essential role in the assembly of the construction, which follows a frame of dimensions b accurate).

Best Mode

[92] The ultimate goal of our creation is self-construction. We want to propose a concept from A to Z to build his house or any other building. So, in the factory, we will cut the 25 boards. Then, in the workshop, we will fit these boards to obtain our 43 different blocks needed for construction. Finally, on the construction site, it will only be necessary to build the house by scrupulously respecting the plans and the instructions to realize the 18 different systems of assembly, which will make it possible to make a house or a solid and durable building.

Mode for Invention

[93] The invention required several years of research and the realization of numerous life-size tests before arriving at a complete concept of wooden block building construction, from the foundation to the roof. It's not just about inventing a block, but it's a complete concept of building a building that is sought after. And this construction is done by simple interlocking of wooden elements, without the least nail, from the foundation to the roof.

Industrial Applicability

[94]

[95] In the factory, we need to cut 25 boards of different shapes [96] In nesting workshop, with the combination of these 25 pre-cut wooden boards, by simply nesting, we can prepare 43 wooden blocks

different.

[97] Finally, on the site, thanks to these 43 blocks of wood, we will be able to implement 18 assembly systems which make it possible to realize 1 complete system of construction of a building.

List Text Sequence

[98]

Claims

claims

[Claim 1] The claims. (**)

87. We demand the creation of a complete system of wooden block building construction: from the foundation system, building walls, corners of walls, columns, building floors, connecting floors with walls, formwork for beams and concrete columns, stairs, until the construction of the roof, to achieve all, in the factory, we need to cut 25 wooden boards of different shapes. In the workshop, with the combination of these 25 boards of wood, we will be able to assemble 43 different blocks of wood. Finally, on site, thanks to these 43 blocks of wood, we will be able to implement 18 assembly systems which will make it possible to realize 1 complete system of construction of a building.

To do this, we also claim all the original elements, planks and blocks of wood and different building systems, which we have created, which are necessary for this complete system of construction:

1. The outer or inner plank of the base block of wood (I). (Fig.1, 2, 3,4)

2. The intermediate board of the base block of wood (II). (Fig.2, 5)

3. The basic block (III). (Fig.6, 7, 8)

4. The corner board with the cuts down (IV). (Fig.9, 10)

5. The wedge board with the notches facing up (V). (Fig.9, 10)

6. The corner block (VI). (Fig.ll, 12, 13)

7. The square of wood (VII). (Fig.ll, 12, 13)

8. The lost formwork system for foundations or concrete columns (VIII). (Fig.15)

9. The elongated corner outer board (IX). (Fig.16)

10. The inner elongated corner board (X). (Fig. 16)

11. The elongated corner block (XI). (Fig.17, 18 9)

12. The joist (XII). (Fig.20)

13. The basic block with the upper half of the cut-off interlayer

(XIII). (FigJ3)

14. The base block with the lower half of the cut-off interlayer

(XIV). (FigJ3)

15. The elongated corner block cut out (XV). (FigJ3)

16. The corner system (XVI). (Fis24)

17. The interlayer with the high cut half (XVII). (Fig.25)

18. The corner board with the cut top (XVIII). (Fig.25)

19. The elongated outer corner board with the cut out top (XIX). (Fig.25)

20. The elongated inner corner board with the cut out top (XX). (Fig.25)

21. The corner board with the lower part cut out (XXI). (Fig.26)

22. The elongated outer corner plank with the lower part cut out (XXII). (Fig.26)

23. The elongated inner corner board with the cut-out lower part (XXIII). (Fig.26)

24. Cut corner block for two continuous joists (XXIV). (Fig.27)

25. The cut corner block for a joist (XXV). (FigJ7)

26. Cut corner block for reinforced joist (XXVI).

(FigJ7)

27. Cut corner block for two intersecting joists (XXVII). (Fig28)

28. The cut corner block for two joists that intersect at an inverted angle (XXVIII). (FigJ8)

29. The elongated corner block cut for the bottom joist that continues and the top joist that stops. (XXIX). (FigJ8)

30. The elongated corner block cut for two continuous joists (XXX). (FigJ9)

31. The elongated corner block cut for two intersecting joists (XXXI). (Fig29)

32. The elongated corner block cut for two joists that intersect at an inverted angle (XXXII). (Fig29)

33. The elongated corner block cut for a continuous low joist and another high cross stops at the corner (XXXIII).

(FigJ9)

34. The elongated corner block cut for a high joist that continues and another bass that stops at the corner (XXXIV). (FigJO)

35. The elongated corner block cut out for a single low joist (XXXV). (FigJO)

36. The elongated corner block cut for two joists that stop at the corner, L-angle (XXXVI). (FigJO)

37. The elongated corner block cut for two joists that stop at the corner, inverted L-shaped corner (XXXVII). (FigJO)

38. The floor beam (XXXVIII). (Fig.

39. The main beam (XXXIX). (FigJ3, 34)

40. Blocks cut to insert floor beams (XL). (Fig.35,36,39, 41)

41. The hollow wall hook system (XLI). (FigJ6, 39)

42. System of two joists that enclose floor beams (XLII). (FigJ5, 37, 38, 44)

43. The elongated corner block, left side, cut to insert two contiguous floor beams (XLIII). (FigAO)

44. The elongated corner block, right side, cut to insert two floor-to-ceiling beams (XLIV). (FigAO)

45. The base block for a piece of wall, left side, cut to insert the floor beams (XLV). (FIGAL)

46. The base block for a piece of wall, right side, cut to insert the floor beams (XL VI). (FIGAL)

47. The cut-out base block, left or right, to insert the floor beams, on a slotted wall (XL VII). (FIGAL)

48. The base block cut out, in the center, to insert the floor beams, on a slotted wall (XL VIII). (FIGAL)

49. The flat roof system (XLIX). (FigA3, 44)

50. The building floor system (L). (FigA4)

51. The corner system reinforced by two vertical joists (LI). (FigA5)

52. The column system (LU). (FigA6)

53. The outer plank with holes (LUI). (Fig.47)

54. Lost Formwork Block for Concrete Beams (LTV). (Fig.47)

55. The lost formwork block, for concrete beams, which is embedded in the joist at the bottom (LV). (FigA7)

56. The lost formwork block, for concrete beams, which is embedded in the joist at the top (L VI). (Fig.47)

57. The half outer board with holes (LVII). (Fig.47)

58. The half block in length, of formwork lost for concrete beams (LVIII). (Fig.47)

59. The corner board, cut to the bottom, cut to allow the concrete to pass through, the spigot (LIX). (Fig.48)

60. The corner board, cut to the bottom, cut to leave pass the concrete, the female end (LX). (Fig.48)

61. The corner board, with the notches facing upwards, cut to allow the concrete to pass through, the spigot (LXI). (Fig.48)

62. Corner board, notched upward, cut to allow concrete to pass, female end (LXII). (Fig.48)

63. Cut corner block for two concrete beams (LXIII). (FigA8)

64. The cut corner block for a concrete beam (LXIV). (FigA8)

65. Cut corner block for three concrete beams (LXV). (FigA8)

66. Cut corner block for four concrete beams (LXVI). (FigA8)

67. Formwork system for foundation or column and concrete beam ÎLXVII). (FigA9, 50)

68. The corner system to connect the formwork of the column and concrete beams. (LXVIII). (FigA9, 50)

69. Long form corner board for formwork, notches facing down groove side (2). (LXIX). (Fig.51)

70. Longboard corner block for formwork, notches facing down on tongue side (1). (LXX). (Fig.51)

71. The elongated corner block board for formwork, notches down, cut groove end (LXXI). (Fig.51)

72. Longitudinal corner block board for formwork, notches down, tongue-and-groove end (LXXII). (Fig.51)

73. The elongated formwork corner block for a single concrete beam (LXXIII). (Fig l)

74. The elongated formwork corner block for two concrete beams, at an angle forming an inverted L (LXXIV). (FigSl)

75. The elongated formwork corner block for two concrete beams, at an angle forming an L. (LXXV). (FigSl)

76. Long formwork corner block for three concrete beams, forming a T (LXXVI). (Fig l)

77. The elongated formwork corner block for three concrete beams, forming a t. (LXXVII). (Fig l)

78. The elongated formwork corner block for three concrete beams, forming an inverted t. (LXXVIII). (FigSl)

79. The elongated corner block for formwork for four beams of concrete, forming a +. (LXXIX). (FigSl)

80. Sloping roof system (LXXX). (Fig52, 53)

81. The beacon system for windows and doors (LXXXI). (Fig54, 55)

82. The basic half block following the length (LXXXII). (Fig54)

83. The stair step (LXXXIII). (Fig56, 57)

84. The straight staircase (LXXXIV). (Fis58)

85. The staircase in ansle (LXXXV). (Fig 59, 60)

86. The staircase in two parallel flights (LXXXVI). (Fig. 61, 62) (**) (The created plates, which make up the blocks, are written in italic characters.) The blocks created, <which are composed of the boards>, are in bold type. elements and blocks> are in bold underlined.

Roman numerals refer to Roman numerals of description and drawings. To help the reader, we refer to Figs. which also refer to the description and drawings. We have adopted the same hierarchy in the description. )