OA18431A - Keyed agglomerates in building materials (concrete, terracotta, rammed earth, metal and wood) - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a keyed chipboard made of construction materials (concrete, terracotta, rammed earth, metal and wood), the technical characteristics of which are to be self-locking, self-supporting and self-aligning. A key is designed to connect two successive agglomerates within the same row and to the two others which are superimposed on them in the row immediately above. Thus, each key is she connected to four agglomerates at the same time filling the notches provided for this purpose. The invention is applicable, in addition to the construction of walls, in the construction of buildings that can be dismantled and moved at will, and in removable partitions. The invention can be concrete, terracotta, adobe, metal and wood.

Description

The present invention relates to a key chipboard made of construction materials (concrete, clay, mud, metal and wood), the technical characteristics of which are to be self-locking, self-supporting and self-aligning. A key is designed to connect two successive agglomerates within the same row and to the two others which are superimposed on them in the row immediately above. Each key is thus connected to four agglomerates at the same time filling the notches provided for this purpose. The invention is applicable, in addition to the construction of walls, in the construction of buildings that can be dismantled and moved at will, and in removable partitions. The invention may be made of concrete, terracotta, adobe, metal and wood.

Ο.Α.Ρ.Ι. - B.P. 887, YAOUNDE (Cameroon) - Tel. (237) 222 20 57 00-Website: http: /www.oapi.int - Email: oapi@oapi.int

The present invention relates to a keyed ogglomerate in construction materials (concrete, clay, earthenware, metal and wood), the technical characteristics of which are to be self-locking, self-supporting and self-aligning.

Until now, there are agglomerates for construction which come in the form of hollow or solid blocks of generally parallelepipedal shape, the assembly of which is more often done by means of cement mortar and which are used for the construction of walls in buildings. building fields and various other works. They can be concrete (breeze blocks), terracotta (brick), rammed earth (clay and straw), wood, metal and other materials.

1 / PROBLEMS THAT THE INVENTION SEEKS TO SOLVE

At present, the existing types of agglomerates in hollow or solid blocks pose certain problems with regard to their use, including in particular:

- The difficulty of fitting (mounting) walls not suffering from too many defects such as straightness defects at the horizontal (alignment) and vertical (plumb), and the absence of flatness as the application of masons to provide a quality work offers less and less quality.

- The lack of homogeneity of a constant thickness within the same wall. -The irregularity of the laying of the mortars between the agglomerates of the same wall.

- The volume of materials used in the installation sometimes doubles what is necessary.

- The importance of coating extra thicknesses to correct the defects observed.

- The existence of aesthetic anomalies such as the non-coincidence of the width of the door frames with the thickness of the walls and the reduction of spaces to be fitted out.

- The shape of the current agglomerates which has an impact on the way of assembling them (output, pace of work). Indeed, existing types of agglomerates in hollow or solid blocks, even if they are self-supporting and self-locking, are not assembled in the same way as that of the invention.

H / STATE OF THE ART

The investigation of the state of the art in relation to the field of the invention made it possible to identify the sources of scientific information, especially in patent matters. These are the following patented inventions:

1 / Agglomerated materials manufacturing and processes.

W02009076518

2 / Free-form manufacturing processes and system to produce a three-dimensional object.

EP2O52693

3 / Thermal compound based on cellulose fiber.

W02005054151

4 / Controlled porosity surface materials for construction panels. WO204067271

5 / New composite product based on plastic waste, its production process and its applications.

FR2831173

6 / Industrial process for the manufacture of cement agglomerates.

EP1167319

It Process for manufacturing granules by briquetting and compacting. EP0802242

The analysis of the documents resulting from the state of the art known to the inventor has not made it possible to find solutions to the problems raised above, contrary to the subject of the present invention: KEY AGGLOMERS IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ( CONCRETE, TERRACOTTA, PISE, METAL AND WOOD).

IH / DESCRIPTION

A - Presentation of the invention

These agglomerates (see sheet n ° 01) are in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped made of concrete (or another type of material) 50 cm long, 12 cm! 15 cm / 20 cm thick and 20 cm high. It is hollowed out by 3 cells in its interior, leaving exterior walls and interior partitions of variable thicknesses from 1.5 to 2 cm for the agglomerates used as infill in construction systems with a "load-bearing structure" and from 2.5 to 3 cm for those to be fitted in the so-called “load-bearing wall” systems.

Rectangular notches of 4 cm x 4 cm (variable according to the type of material) are made on their longitudinal axis at their end in the upper and lower parts. A fruit is observed in their formation to facilitate their interpenetration (juxtaposition and stacking) with the "Keys" which ensure their rigid assembly at first, because it is planned to make these later flexible for other applications.

Agglomerates, objects of the invention, in one or two cells can be manufactured for a better realization of the connections at the rights of the angles and the crossings of walls, or near the posts.

The cement dosage for the agglomerates to be produced in concrete is 250 kg / m3, that is to say the same as that recommended for those already existing.

The elements necessary for their assembly in a well-rigid connection are called "Keys" or "Clips" (see sheet no. 02).

These keys are made of microconcrete based on basalt sand with a high cement dosage (500 kg / m3). They come in the form of double "X" or double "U" forks in a single element arranged alternately-internally 2 cm thick, which becomes 4 cm at their junction (dimensions vary according to the type of material) .

B-Production and assembly technique a- Production

The most common use of chipboard is in the construction of walls and partitions in the building. It is for this reason that in the exploitation of this new product, those in concrete blocks will have to be manufactured most of the time.

In a first phase which will certainly be semi-artisanal (the time to adapt the molds to layers which offer greater productivity), the use of concrete mixers for the production of the material and of vibrating tables which give better clamping of the concrete (provides the required strength), will be considered.

Metal molds incorporating a "piston" constitute an assembly which makes it possible to obtain the observed shape of the agglomerates. Once the homogeneous material has been delivered from the

concrete mixer is filled in a mold in the presence of the pistons, the whole is placed on an electrically powered vibrating table, the jerks of which lead to better clamping of the concrete, thus giving it better resistance to crushing.

In the present case, the cement dosage is that commonly used for the materials composing the agglomerates, that is to say, 250 kg / m3.

Once manufactured, the agglomerates are placed on a hard, flat surface under a shelter ensuring the concrete a good grip and better hardening.

For each type of wall thickness, there are two types of chipboard, the difference being in the thickness of their walls. Thin-walled agglomerates (average thickness of 2 cm) are intended for masonry for filling partitions of buildings constructed according to the load-bearing structure system and those with thick walls (average thickness of 3 cm) for those designed with load-bearing walls.

Assembly wrenches are manufactured under the same conditions. However, their dosage is very different. 500 kg / m3 is necessary to give them the adequate resistance necessary to guarantee a strong and rigid assembly of the various elements.

They are packaged in palletized form to facilitate transport and delivery conditions.

b- Execution of the walls

The technique of fitting the walls from these types of agglomerates is done by juxtaposing them on each row using assembly keys. For the row on the ground, a bed of mortar is used to adhere it to the ground (paving or suspended floor). This arrangement is no longer necessary for the subsequent upper rows because the keys hold them very rigidly.

A key is designed to connect two successive agglomerates within the same row and to the two others which are superimposed on them in the row immediately above. Each key is thus connected to four agglomerates at the same time filling the notches provided for this purpose.

Arranged in this way, the keys require both the alignment of the agglomerates on the horizontal plane and plumb on the vertical plane and are systematically retractable (are no longer visible after installation).

One- and two-cell agglomerates help facilitate connections to existing studs or adjoining walls by reducing keying (“welding”) spaces with them using concrete infill.

A crossing of two walls could be designed by arranging the agglomerates that constitute them at their point of intersection, alternating in this place those belonging successively to one and the other.

To keep this crossing rigid, a steel bar of diameter 10 is housed in the continuous hole thus formed which is subsequently filled with concrete.

The agglomerates of the last upper row before the beam or the upper linkage supporting the slab are “blind” (closed on their upper face) to serve as formwork bottom for them.

This way of fitting walls made of this kind of agglomerates allows them to be recovered in the event of an implantation or modification error, not being ____ sealed with cement mortar except for those which constitute the first row 15 of seat and the last upper row serving as a base for the beams and chains.

Therefore, more than 90% of the agglomerates and the keys connecting them are thus recoverable for later reuse. However, this becomes impossible once the coatings have been made on one or both sides, of course.

IV / OTHER APPLICATIONS

1 / Building can be dismantled and moved at will

Use of agglomerates of all types

On the occasion of a lot of occasions in Africa, or indeed elsewhere as well, the fact of having the possibility of constructing a building presenting almost all the conveniences and that it will be possible to move as needed, will constitute a definite gain in the life of the communities.

Indeed, in Senegal, on the occasion of major religious ceremonies that take place periodically, inevitably, serious accommodation problems arise acutely. However, more often than not spaces offering the possibilities of setting up temporary accommodation sites are not lacking. More than one have built houses which they use only during the days devoted to the ceremonies which are generally annual, failing to be able to lend them.

Temporary shelters serving as classrooms are sometimes built hastily and with makeshift materials and whose locations may not be definitive.

In military barracks, temporary accommodation needs of varying lengths of time require the erection of tents which may be lacking in bad weather.

The construction camps, especially at the level of the base-camps of road companies operating in the open countryside, are built in a more or less sustainable way without this being necessary.

The provision of land by the state or individuals to third parties for an indefinite period of occupation could lead them to build relatively summary shelters less expensive because knowing that they will be demolished.

Some NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) or other structures carrying out itinerant activities in a country or region feel the need to have premises (homes, offices, shops, etc.) that are fairly convenient in relation to their interventions and the standing of housing of their staff.

In short. The examples could be multiplied at will. The circumstances and the need to build works of a more or less temporary nature sometimes combining comfort and economy are very often confronted with men. So far, fixing it is still not easy.

Therefore, having the possibility of erecting a building in record time, dismantling it and moving it to another place at the desired time, brings a solution at the right time to the various interested parties. And especially that the operations of assembly and disassembly of the works in question do not necessarily require special know-how other than to follow instructions almost comparable to those given for the installation of furniture in kits commonly encountered.

The main differences between the realization of these types of buildings and those built permanently with these same new agglomerates are as follows:

- The walls are stiffened by filling in powdered sand coating steel tubes of diameter 40/49 placed in the holes formed from bottom to top by the central cells (or those of the same row) of the agglomerates at the crossings walls, in their midst and at their ends.

The seen faces of the interior walls are left as such, painted without being coated or covered with wallpaper fixed in a recoverable manner using adhesive, for example.

Buildings can only be of one level (single ground floor).

The roofs are sloping (one or more depending on the needs) in wood or metal framework with the cover of trays or sheets (steel, zinc, aluminum zinc or slate). They are designed to facilitate assembly and disassembly, handling and transport.

The installation of the various networks (electricity, water supply and sanitation, air conditioning, and others ...) is done in an apparent way or in tnserts (a little more complicated for reuse). It is studied so that it participates in the possibility of recovery and reuse.

The platforms on which the buildings rest may or may not be removable. Coverings such as gerf lex or linoleum laid in a recoverable manner, if possible, can line the floor of rooms. Likewise, the side walls of wet rooms are coated with the same types of coverings.

2 / Removable partition

Use of wood or metal agglomerates, specifically

The formed walls can be used in the removable or temporary partitioning of interior rooms such as conference rooms in hotels, mosques (separation between female and male spaces), and even the reduction of larger rooms into smaller modules. for a limited time in residential houses. And so many other examples of raising removable partitions for various other temporary arrangements can be considered.

In addition, it should be noted that the lintels for doors, windows or any other openings, may not exist in the construction technique of removable structures. Indeed, the crossings of these passages are obtained by laying the agglomerates in a cantilever manner as they go up, thus allowing the two opposite sections of walls, when they meet, will rest on each other. The upper parts of these openings thus formed in steps constitute transoms which receive fixed frames to be filled with glazing or another material.

VZ ADVANTAGES

The main advantages remain the speed and simplicity of installation with guaranteed success with a minimum of attention.

The straightness adjustment in the horizontal (alignment) and vertical (plumb) direction is practically easy by automatic adjustment obtained with the use of "Keys" or "Clips" connecting the different agglomerates.

Obtaining a correct installation is achieved without the intervention of a mason (worker specialized for this work) being necessary. A worker of another specialty ____ or even a laborer successfully completes the pose. Ultimately, even a novice to the 10 building trades would successfully lay a whole section of wall without the help or assistance of another person, once the principle of installation has been explained or demonstrated.

An enormous volume of work is obtained in record time given the simplicity of the installation and the almost non-existence of adjustments to be made. The laying mortar is only applicable to the first bed, that is, to the base of the very first row on the ground. Adjusting the alignments of the rows of chords, as well as that of their verticality using plumb lines, are no longer indispensable in the limit, or even necessary. The Keys posed adjust all of this as and when the walls are fitted (assembled). But it is surely advisable to carry out checks throughout the work even if it is more spaced than usual.

The regularity of the thickness of the plaster (minimum of 1.5 cm on the interior faces of the masonry or of 2 cm for those on the facades) is achieved without too much application, thus facilitating a more correct installation of the door frames of which widths orders are generally made on the basis of the usual wall thicknesses (for example, for interior masonry 15 cm and 20 cm thick, respectively 18 and 23 cm). Hence a substantial saving in cement and other materials. The installation of "reminders" before plastering is even facilitated and thus makes it possible to obtain a good flatness of the rendering of the walls.

The recovery of all built-up areas is possible in the event of an error in _____ the layout of the walls or in the need of modification during construction. ³⁰ This is the course before the keying operations (connection to the rest of the structure or other adjoining walls). Even beyond this stage, at least 90% of the blocks can be recovered and reused as elements never installed because they would not suffer from any defect.

The possible installation using non-specialized masonry workers (other workers other than masons) or even laborers, participate in the reduction of construction costs because the labor becomes less expensive and the use of personnel flexible reduces downtime at work.

Claims (4)

1 / Keyed agglomerates in construction materials (concrete, clay, rammed earth, metal and wood), the technical characteristics of which are to be self-locking, self-supporting and "self-aligning". 5 2 / Key agglomerates in building materials according to claim n ° l characterized in that the keys or clips are used for the assembly of the agglomerates in well stiffened connection. 3 / Key agglomerates in building materials according to claims 1 ____ and 2, characterized in that the invention can be used in the production of agglomerates made of concrete, clay, rammed earth, metal and wood. 4 / Keyed agglomerates of building materials according to all of the claims characterized in that the invention is applicable in buildings that can be dismantled and moved at will, and in the removable partition. ABBREVIATED The present invention relates to a key chipboard made of construction materials (concrete, clay, mud, metal and wood), the technical characteristics of which are to be self-locking, self-supporting and self-aligning. A key is designed to connect two successive agglomerates within the same row and to the two others which are superimposed on them in the row immediately above. Thus, each key is it connected to four agglomerates at the same time filling the notches provided for this purpose. The invention is applicable, in addition to the construction of walls, in the construction of buildings that can be dismantled and moved at will, and in removable partitions. The invention may be made of concrete, terracotta, adobe, metal and wood. PI