FR2644192A1 - Method for construction of structures and walls using formwork elements made of precast concrete integrated in the constructions - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for construction of structures and walls formed from an assembly of portable elements of precast concrete constituting the permanent formworks of the constructions. The monolithic structures are made up of columns and beams of reinforced concrete cast in situ without temporary formwork. The columns are cast in superposed hollow elements, providing the shape of chimney blocks 1. The beams are cast in the interstice of two vertical panels 4 spaced apart and held in position at their ends 3 in the vertical grooves 2 situated on the faces of the hollow elements. In continuous section, the interstice of the walls is filled with a material affording the characteristics sought (concrete, clay, polyurethane foam, etc.). This method applies to the construction of houses having one to two levels and of various civil engineering structures.

Description

The present invention relates to a construction method for
make small structures and walls using prefabricated elements in portable manufactured concrete with male arms.

 There are already a large number of prefabrication processes, but each has one or more major drawbacks which hinder their development.

 Among these disadvantages, we can cite * High weight, hence difficult handling and expensive transport.

* Use of formwork on site, hence additional expenses on hand
of work and matter.

* Use of metal profiles and bolts to make
permanent bonds, hence the risk of oxidation which is often uncontrollable.

* Great difficulty, even impossibility of carrying out extensions of
construction.

* Use of properly insulating materials, but offering a low
thermal regulation inside constructions.

* Poor connection of structures, resulting in low earthquake resistance.

* Implementation requiring highly qualified personnel.

* Weak faculty of creation and adaptation although the number of elements
in general is relatively high.

 The object of the present invention is to overcome these various drawbacks. In accordance with the invention, the proposed method is such that it allows real scalable constructions to be made from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements constituting the lost formwork and the facing of structures and walls.

 Reinforced concrete structures are composed of posts and continuous beams (chaining) integral with the slabs.

 The posts are constructed by filling with reinforced concrete hollow and superimposed elements (similar to bushels).

 The chaining beam is made by locally filling the interwall located between two vertical panels with reinforced concrete.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention * Figure 1 shows an exploded and partial perspective of the part
low of a wall illustrating the process according to the invention.

~ * Figure 2 shows a perspective illustrating the notches it
should be made in the hollow elements to allow connection
beams with posts.

* Figure 3 represents the partial elevation of a construction carried out
according to the invention.

* Figure 4 shows in vertical section the integration of the top elements
and bottom of an opening frame with panels.

* Figure 5 shows in horizontal section the integration of the elements
vertical of an opening frame with hollow elements
(bushels).

* Figure 6 represents in vertical section a wall in current section with
detail in the lower part and connection with a floor.

* Figure 7 shows in horizontal section a wall detail illustrating
certain possibilities offered by the invention.

* Figure 8 represents a horizontal section on a chain illustrating
the continuity of the reinforced concrete structures according to the invention.

 The plugs (1) have on each face three vertical grooves (2).

 Each groove can ensure the passage of one end of a prefabricated reinforced nipple panel (3).

 Two correctly spaced bushels can contain the ends of the same panel (4).

 The superposition of panels in a pair of face to face grooves makes it possible to construct a partition (6).

 The overlapping of panels in two pairs of grooves facing each other allows the facing of a wall to be made.

 The thickness of a wall can be more or less important, depending on whether one uses the extreme grooves (7) or an extreme groove and the central groove (8).

 Each panel has a smooth facing (9) and a honeycomb facing (lQ) which is generally the hidden side.

 The design principle of the hollow bodies with grooves on the four sides makes it possible to easily realize, with standard elements, two different wall thicknesses, wall angles, partitions and, optionally, extensions (18) thus making the constructions evolutionary.

 The interparois are generally filled with insulating materials (ll) except for the beam locations (chaining) where reinforced concrete is poured (12). The bushels located at the beams are notched (13) on at least two faces, to allow the creation of continuous and monolithic structures.

 The panels are of low height, in order to be light enough to be put in place with human arms, their lengths correspond to the standard modules of the axis of the posts.

As an example, we could build structures with elements having the following characteristics * Panels
Height: 0.45 m, thickness: 0.04 m (0.02 m sail),
Length: 1.00 m to 2.00 m.

* Bushels
Height: 0.45 m, thickness: 0.35 m, dimensions: 0.30 x 0.30 m outside.

* Interwall
In common sections: polyurethane foam, pozzolan, sand, clay, laterite ... note that these last two materials have a good coefficient of thermal conductivity (LAMDA = 0.0062). The abundance and almost free of these products allows them to be used in relatively large quantities and to obtain excellent thermal regulation inside buildings despite their modest specific heat (Cs - 0.06).

* Structures
They are made by filling the interparois with reinforced concrete at the chaining beam (12) and inside the hollow bodies (14).

 One-level economic constructions can be built in regions with low seismic coefficient by filling with reinforced concrete only the corner posts and only one post in two in common sections. The other posts are treated like walls. In all cases the beam / chaining must be continuous.

 The interior panel located under a floor is lower (15) than the standard panel (4) facing opposite, to allow support and penetration of the slab (5).

* Walls
The thicknesses of the walls can be 0.215 m or 0.127 m, depending on whether the extreme grooves (7) or an extreme groove and the central groove (8) of the faces concerned of the hollow bodies are used. Additional chaining beams can be easily made to improve earthquake resistance; for this, it suffices to locally pour reinforced concrete into the interwall and to cut out the corresponding faces of the hollow bodies.

* Opening frames
The problem posed by these parts of the structure can be easily solved with four prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. The total heights of the vertical elements (16) are multiples of the height of the panels while the lengths of the horizontal elements (17) are designed to be integrated between two posts.
The horizontal and vertical elements have a grooved profile and / or protrusions on one or more faces, so as to allow a harmonious, rapid and easy integration between the panels and the posts. The tightness of the posts / vertical elements can be obtained by filling the joint (19) with an appropriate material.

 Hollow elements (bushels) can be prefabricated industrially, by changing the mold of a machine commonly used to make hollow concrete parpings, while the industrial prefabrication of wall panels and opening framing elements requires the use of semi-automatic multipurpose machines.

 The method according to the invention is particularly applicable to the construction of houses of one to two levels of quality and modest cost in countries where it is desired to reduce the share of highly qualified labor in favor of one hand. more abundant and less qualified work.

 The design of this process allows its use to be extended to the production of lost formwork and the construction of structures and various civil engineering works, such as: retaining walls, manholes, fences, pipe supports, dikes, galleries, hoppers ...

Claims (5)

 1. A method of constructing structures and walls, characterized in that the formwork for the works is produced by assembling prefabricated elements. These elements, generally made of manufactured concrete, consist of superimposable hollow bodies affecting a form of plug (1) having at least two vertical grooves (but generally three) (2) on at least three faces (but generally four), and stackable vertical panels (1), the ends of which are held by the grooves of the hollow bodies.  2. Construction method which, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the continuity of the reinforced concrete structures is obtained by producing in the factory or on site a notch (13) between two grooves on at least two faces of the hollow bodies. These notches must necessarily be made before the installation of the reinforcements and the pouring of the concrete.  3. A construction method which, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the enlargement of a construction can be carried out by housing new panels (18) in the grooves of the faces concerned of the hollow bodies.  4. Construction method which, according to claim 1, allows the integration of opening frames (16) (17) in a swirl without masonry work. Grooves and protrusions on one or more faces of the prefabricated elements provide the connection with the double walls of the walls and / or the grooves of the vertical elements.  5. Construction method characterized by the use of identical panels (4) to make the interior and exterior facings of the same wall.