EP1054114A2 - Modular construction system for masonry with bricks for facades, walls, pillars, lintels and interior vertical or horizontal conduits - Google Patents

Abstract

Double module (4) has same width as basic module, but has length slightly longer than twice length of basic module. Double module has two cylindrical studs (8), and two cylindrical cavities (8a), placed on symmetrical axis of module. Gap between axis of studs/cavities is constant so that basic and double modules can be used together. Diameter of cavity is slightly larger than diameter of stud so as to allow stud to be inserted in cavity of next module. He of stud is smaller than height of cavity so as to allow binding material to be inserted between stud and cavity. Module can be m of ceramics, silica-limestone component, plaster or gypsum, concrete, artificial stone, glass, artificial resin, industrial rubb industrial fibers, etc.

Description

The present invention patent relates to a modular construction system for masonry with modular bricks allowing their use for construction devices of various types for facades, walls and partitions, as well as for construction of pillars and lintels, allowing the immediate constitution of vertical and horizontal interior pipes, the essential characteristics of which are described below.

With the fundamental aim of lowering construction costs, in particular residential buildings, systems to specifically reduce the incidence of labor on the total cost have multiplied.

The system which is the subject of the present invention has a direct bearing on the factor which increases the cost, such as labor, by combining the possibility that the building built requires minimal participation of skilled labor, the rest being carried out by non-specialized personnel, with the cost savings that this represents, but by guaranteeing at all times the quality of the work done, in particular all that concerns alignments, verticality, angularity, etc. as well as the completion of this work, especially in exposed masonry, where special care must be taken the execution of horizontal and vertical joints.

STATE OF THE ART

The state of the art is limited to the various and known methods which have been developed. in recent years to simplify the construction of devices and walls.

The use of basic modular elements, as well as modular elements complex, with which we manage to build almost a whole device, as well exterior as interior, the use of basic prefabricated modules which also facilitate the rapid construction of devices with various configurations, such as panneresses, in boutisse, American, Dutch, Belgian, English, Gothic and double or "Wendo".

The construction of walls or load-bearing walls having a simple size or half foot; the supporting wall with one foot or double in header; the load-bearing wall of a foot and a half or triple of breakdowns; the load-bearing wall of a foot and a half or triple in header; the wall triple with air chamber and normal rising seal, among the best known.

Furthermore and given the beauty of the finish and the excellent characteristics of exposed masonry, the application of these basic modular elements to obtain this well-known and widely used finish offers uniform dimensions and colors horizontal and vertical joints between the bricks and the foundations.

Finally, it should be noted that the practical possibilities offered to construction industry with regard to the arrangement of internal conduits, also both in appliances and in walls. Any achievement allowing them to be obtained from immediately eliminate the impact of labor for its subsequent realization, once construction is finished.

The methods cited very briefly, in general, require a lot of care in everything related to positioning, rendering, verticality and the horizontality of its elements, etc., which requires the use of labor specialized to execute these basic works.

In lion of basic modular elements, similar in shape and brick dimensions generally used, there is currently no system that immediately and constantly guarantee the stability of the construction dimensions, even when using modules with various dimensions.

The system object of the present invention consists in the use of a brickyard obtained with sufficiently automated industrial methods, with characteristics defined geometries and standard dimensions, allowing their combination perfect, the design of this brickyard being modular.

The basic geometric unit of the system consists of a building module or solid brick piece, in the shape of a right rectangular parallelepiped, with dimensions standardized and square based.

A nipple or cylindrical rod protrudes from the upper horizontal plane of this module, this stud or rod having a vertical axis, centered with respect to the planes of symmetry of the module.

At the same time, on its lower horizontal plane, it has a cavity cylindrical, whose axis, centered with the planes of symmetry of the module, completely coincides with the axis of the upper nipple and whose depth is a little smaller than the height of the emerging nipple.

The basic elementary module being thus illustrated, one can immediately present a double module, aligning two basic modules and increasing the dimension of the adjacent sides, which are in contact with each other, in order to compensate for the size necessary material to be joined; this gives the rectangular base module plus classic, with two cylindrical pins on its upper horizontal plane and two cylindrical cavities on its lower horizontal plane.

The system in question offers the novelty that the superimposition of modules is done thanks to automatic assembly by nesting or embedding of nipples cylindrical in the corresponding cylindrical cavities of the superimposed module. For everything that, the difference existing between the axes of the nipples and, consequently, between the axes of the cavities, having a standardized and invariable dimension, which is the key to obtaining an overlay easy and correct of said modules.

A variant consists of the embodiment provided with perforated nipples and a bottom of the cavity also perforated, which immediately generates a very useful vertical pipe, as we will see below.

a) Céramique, dans ses variantes de céramique classique, classique cuite lentement dans un moule, au four et vitrifiée;

b) Composé silicium-calcaire;

c) Plâtre ou gypse;

d) Béton, dans ses variantes de béton faisant prise dans un moule, comprimé dans un moule, vibré, vibré hydrofugé, léger, léger creux et cellulaire; et

e) Pierre artificielle.

The components and materials which can be used for the mechanized manufacture of the modules in their various formats and variant embodiments will preferably be:

a) Ceramic, in its classic ceramic variants, classic fired slowly in a mold, in the oven and vitrified;

b) Silicon-limestone compound;

c) Plaster or gypsum;

d) Concrete, in its concrete variants setting in a mold, compressed in a mold, vibrated, vibrated waterproof, light, light hollow and cellular; and

e) Artificial stone.

Other secondary materials can be, metallic materials, glasses, artificial resins, industrial rubbers and industrial fibers, among others.

Immediate use of the modules described will allow the skilled worker establish, at the beginning of construction, a device of panneresses with semi-header walls, i.e. a base of modules with a normalized average wall width or 15 cm wide.

We can also build a device or a header wall or a double wall, having a standardized width of 30 cm wide, by placing a module in header and two failure modules, and always taking into account the necessary gaps for the joints vertical, about 1cm to place the dough or mortar to be jointed.

Once the first seat is placed on its contact base or paving stone, and when it is perfectly aligned, vertically using the plumb line and horizontally by means of the level, we can build from this first base without any difficulty, thanks to the fact that the nipples of the upper horizontal plane fit together perfectly in the cavities of the lower horizontal plane of the module which is located above, as described above.

This construction which is built simply, will not need any control of plumb neither horizontal joints or horizontal alignment nor perpendicularity walls or corners or crossings, which will allow the employment of workers not specialized, with the economy that this represents.

Still in the essence of this invention, we can offer modules triple, quadruple and even more, as appropriate and judged useful in the apparatus or construction to be carried out.

The range of possibilities and achievements will be very wide, given the essential characteristic of the basic module, allowing its construction in other formats, such as those that will be used for right-angle corners and those with various angles, for the construction of wall and partition devices, those of support zone of one wall or partition on the other, and those of crossing of two partitions or walls, which are modules with a "T" or "cross" shaped plan. Will be other achievements of the basic module, that of perforated brick, used especially for areas where the load should be minimal and that of bricks with cavities, both vertical horizontal, allowing to immediately lay out a hidden pipe, and some achievements, accessible from the outside.

The application of the mortar or building paste necessary to guarantee the junction of modular parts and the stability of the manufactured assembly, will be done on the faces of contact of the modules using a special tool which will provide greater speed of execution, an appropriate proportional distribution of the dough or mortar and a total uniformity of the size of the horizontal and vertical joints, while allowing, if if necessary, the application of two different types of paste or mortar at the same time, avoiding the classic repointing work on the exposed masonry facade, with saving time and the best quality of finish.

The use of tools also allows a considerable saving of material, eliminating the remaining residue and it also allows permanent control of the equidistance between the modules.

Depending on the combination of the various modules that will be used, one can obtain, immediately, various pipes, both vertical and horizontal, which can be interconnected with the only limitation of architectural conditionings and structural security. The structure of these pipes makes it possible to connect the corners and angles of the building.

In the practical embodiment of the system which is the subject of this invention, it is necessary to note the possibility of using pipes situated in the pipes described above, these pipes being without distinction in flexible material, such as plastic or rubber, and they can be laid when the work is finished, with the benefits that flow from it. They can also be made of rigid material, metallic or plastic, which must necessarily also be placed inside the conduits when placing the modules to build the wall.
Furthermore, the two types of pipes can be fitted inside a rigid steel tube, which will be encrusted when building the wall, including all the length that will be needed and with the sufficient section that allows own conduct.

In accordance with the standards in force on the incompatibility of pipes, the distribution of pipes through the use of appropriate modules when builds the wall, will distribute most of the necessary site services, such as water, heating, electricity, telephony, audio and television, computers, air conditioning and even oil changes, the latter being limited by the maximum section that can be introduced into an indoor pipe of a module.

The essential characteristics of the system which is described, allows that each driving has a clean and guaranteed access area, as well as other service areas and maintenance, as soon as the wall is built. This will greatly facilitate the maintenance of buildings and facilities therein, with low cost, when the walls will be finished.

The section of all pipes can be changed as required and in accordance with what is established in the various standards in force.

Another essential characteristic of the invention is to take advantage of these lines horizontal to arrange very resistant cylindrical elements, such as bars steel, in order to have a certain number of self-armed modules and allowing, by their resistance, to withstand heavy loads on this area, its immediate application and its precise use in door and window lintels.

This reinforcement can also be made with steel rods and concrete to completely fill the cavity.

It is also another essential characteristic of the invention to arrange modules assembled in vertical position, having one or more vertical internal pipes which will allow steel bars or rods to be placed, with concrete filling if it is necessary, in order to obtain pillars or columns which then allow, by their resistance, to support heavy loads, in an immediate application of support of elements located above them.

We can increase, with these essential characteristics of the system, security architectonic, affecting the security of the building, by arming certain rows of modules in a wall assembly, both in semi-header and header, as well as modules forming the corners and angles of the wall. The system allows to place rods of earthquake resistance in the longitudinal interlocking notches of the modules provided semi-cylindrical shearings with the upper modules; it also allows the arrangement of holes where the fastening and clamping clips for the door and window frames and finally it offers a wide range of possibilities of increasing security by means of the reinforcement inside the walls, in using the semi-cylindrical shearings provided for conduits, as well as by means the use of self-armed modules.

Given the ease of assembling modules to each other, in fitting the nipples into the corresponding cavities, there is also a factor of appreciable security in storage and transport work, because the whole remains perfectly united in block, reducing the possibility of falls or collapses.

The essence of the system, as indicated along this description, allows to dramatically raise productivity in building device tasks walls, using the appropriate modules and the appropriate tools to place the material to be joined to horizontal and vertical joints. All of this necessarily reduces, in a high percentage, the time spent on specialized labor, particularly in construction with exposed masonry. It allows that, once the first seat has placed, the rest of the device can be built by non-specialized personnel, with a total guarantee of coupling safety. This invention provides the means for the practical arrangement of internal pipes, avoiding subsequent bleeding in the wall already built. Finally, and given the essential characteristics of the inalterability of the difference existing between the axes of the two nipples and, consequently, between the axes of the two coincident cavities, it allows a fast and correct assembly, as well as the centering, leveling, alignment, angularity and verticality of all the modules the whole by themselves, without which there is no need for additional operations nor to use devices or auxiliary control equipment.

In order to describe in detail all the essential characteristics of the system object of the present invention, drawings are attached in which, by way of illustrative example non-limiting, the various embodiments that the said system of modular construction.

La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un module à base quadrangulaire régulière, constituant l'unité basique géométrique du système.

La figure 2 est une vue de dessus du même module basique;

La figure 3 est une vue en élévation , semi-coupée, du module basique de référence, montrant nettement le téton émergent et la cavité alignée percée sur la surface inférieure;

La figure 4 est une vue de dessus et de dessous du même module;

La figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un module double, à base rectangulaire et provenant de la fusion des deux modules basiques;

La figure 6 est une vue en plan de ce module double;

La figure 7 est une vue en élévation et semi-coupée du module double de référence;

La figure 8 est une vue en perspective d'un module quadrangulaire régulier basique, pourvu d'un cavité et d'un téton émergent cylindrique creux.

La figure 9 illustre en perspective un module identique à celui de la figure précédente, pourvu d'un téton et d'une cavité également creux tous les deux, mais ayant un diamètre plus petit;

La figure 10 est une vue en perspective d'un module double pourvu de deux tétons creux mais ayant des diamètres différents et des cavités correspondantes.

La figure 11, également en perspective, illustre un ensemble de deux modules basiques unis, formant un module à double longueur et pourvus chacun de cavités et de tétons creux identiques.

La figure 12 représente un module double, en perspective, pourvu de deux cavités et de deux tétons creux ayant un diamètre petit.

La figure 13 illustre un module double identique à celui de la figure précédente et pourvu de deux cavités et de deux tétons creux ayant un diamètre large.

La figure 14 illustre un module double pareil à celui de la figure 10 précédente et ayant un téton creux, à diamètre large et un autre plein, ayant un diamètre petit.

La figure 15 représente, dans une vue en plan, une variante de réalisation du module double ayant des orifices multiples agencés autour d'un des tétons.

La figure 16 est une vue en élévation et serai-coupée du module double de la figure précédente.

La figure 17 est une vue en perspective de la configuration d'un appareil en semi-boutisse à coins à angle droit, en utilisant des modules doubles.

La figure 18 représente en perspective une construction semblable à celle de la figure précédente, mais le coin du mur à angle droit représentant un module basique.

La figure 19 illustre en plan la réalisation d'un module double pour coin à angle droit.

La figure 20 est une vue en coupe par A-A et en élévation correspondant au module de la figure précédente.

La figure 21 est une vue en plan d'un module double en "T", pour appuyer un appareil sur un autre.

La figure 22 montre, en plan, un module triple.

La figure 23 représente, en plan, un module double en "croix", pour le double appui entre deux appareils.

Les figures 24 et 25 montrent en élévation partiellement en semi-coupe un module multiple à longueur indéterminée, qui permettra son application à certains endroits, selon la dimension de la zone et la vue en plan de ce module, respectivement.

La figure 26 illustre en plan une variante de module triple, pourvu de tétons à ses deux tiers et de plusieurs orifices sur son tiers restant, ainsi qu'autour du téton central.

La figure 27 illustre en élévation et partiellement en coupe une réalisation de module double ayant une cavité sur une de ses surfaces frontales et un autre sur une de ses surfaces latérales.

La figure 28 illustre en plan le module de la figure précédente.

La figure 29 illustre en élévation et en coupe partielle un module semblable à celui des figures 27 et 28, mais avec une cavité latérale située sur la surface opposée.

La figure 30 illustre en plan le module de la figure précédente, montrant la position de la cavité latérale, coïncidant, au cas où elle serait placée collatérale à la cavité du module de la figure 29;

La figure 31 représente en plan des modules ayant des formes angulaires spéciales pour la formation de coins à angle aigu;

La figure 32 illustre en plan des modules à périmètres adéquats pour la même fonction que celle de la figure précédente.

La figure 33 présente en plan la superposition de modules des figures 32 et 31.

La figure 34 illustre en élévation et en coupe partielle, un module double ayant un coin angulaire;

La figure 35 montre en plan un module double correspondant à la figure précédente.

La figure 36 représente, dans une vue en plan, deux modules destinés à être placés collatéraux, pourvus sur les surfaces qui se situeront unies, de délardements respectifs semi-cylindriques, coïncidant pour constituer une cavité unique cylindrique;

La figure 37 montre également en plan deux modules destinés à être placés collatéraux pourvus à leurs angles d'extrémité respectifs, qui se situeront ensemble, de délardements respectifs de 1/4 de cylindre pour constituer un délardement semi-cylindrique.

La figure 38 illustre en plan le placement des deux modules de la figure 36 avec la cavité cylindrique à la partie centrale de sa jonction, et l'agencement sur ceux-ci des deux modules de la figure 37, le délardement semi-cylindrique de sa surface d'extrémité coïncidant parfaitement avec la cavité cylindrique précédente.

La figure 39 est une vue en plan de l'outillage avec ses glissières employées pour placer le mortier ou la pâte à jointoyer sur la surface supérieure d'un module.

La figure 40 est une vue en élévation du même outillage.

La figure 41 est une vue latérale dudit outillage.

La figure 42 est une vue en perspective d'un module basique, qui montre le positionnement des glissières de l'outillage.

La figure 43 est une vue en perspective, semblable à celle de la figure précédente mais avec un module double, et sur celui-ci le positionnement des glissières de l'outillage.

La figure 44 illustre en perspective un module basique pourvu, sur sa surface supérieure, d'un délardement semi-cylindrique pour conduit horizontal, avec diverses saillies longitudinales pour la jointure avec le module qui se placera au-dessus.

La figure 45 montre un module double, aux caractéristiques identiques à celles de la figure précédente, pourvu de plus d'un accès latéral semi-cylindrique.

La figure 46 représente un module double, à délardement semi-cylindrique sur sa surface inférieure et à entailles longitudinales, coïncidant avec le module situé au-dessous, représenté dans la figure 45 et pourvu d'un accès latéral semi-cylindrique.

La figure 47 illustre un module basique, à délardement semi-cylindrique sur sa surface inférieure et à entailles longitudinales, coïncidant avec le module qui sera placé au-dessous et représenté sur la figure 44;

In these drawings,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a module with a regular quadrangular base, constituting the basic geometric unit of the system.

Figure 2 is a top view of the same basic module;

Figure 3 is an elevational view, semi-cut, of the basic reference module, clearly showing the emerging stud and the aligned cavity drilled on the lower surface;

Figure 4 is a top and bottom view of the same module;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a double module, rectangular base and from the fusion of the two basic modules;

Figure 6 is a plan view of this double module;

Figure 7 is an elevational and semi-cut view of the double reference module;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a basic regular quadrangular module, provided with a cavity and a hollow cylindrical emerging stud.

Figure 9 illustrates in perspective a module identical to that of the previous figure, provided with a stud and a cavity equally hollow both, but having a smaller diameter;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a double module provided with two hollow pins but having different diameters and corresponding cavities.

Figure 11, also in perspective, illustrates a set of two basic basic modules, forming a double-length module and each provided with identical cavities and hollow studs.

FIG. 12 represents a double module, in perspective, provided with two cavities and two hollow pins having a small diameter.

Figure 13 illustrates a double module identical to that of the previous figure and provided with two cavities and two hollow pins having a large diameter.

FIG. 14 illustrates a double module similar to that of FIG. 10 above and having a hollow stud, with a large diameter and another solid, with a small diameter.

FIG. 15 represents, in a plan view, an alternative embodiment of the double module having multiple orifices arranged around one of the studs.

Figure 16 is an elevational view and will be cut from the double module of the previous figure.

Figure 17 is a perspective view of the configuration of a semi-header apparatus at right angles, using double modules.

Figure 18 shows in perspective a construction similar to that of the previous figure, but the corner of the wall at right angles representing a basic module.

Figure 19 illustrates in plan the realization of a double module for corner at right angles.

Figure 20 is a sectional view through AA and in elevation corresponding to the module of the previous figure.

FIG. 21 is a plan view of a double "T" module for supporting one device on another.

Figure 22 shows, in plan, a triple module.

FIG. 23 represents, in plan, a double module in "cross", for the double support between two devices.

Figures 24 and 25 show in elevation partially in semi-section a multiple module of indefinite length, which will allow its application in certain places, depending on the size of the area and the plan view of this module, respectively.

FIG. 26 illustrates in plan a variant of a triple module, provided with studs in two thirds and with several orifices on its remaining third, as well as around the central stud.

FIG. 27 illustrates in elevation and partially in section an embodiment of a double module having a cavity on one of its front surfaces and another on one of its lateral surfaces.

Figure 28 illustrates in plan the module of the previous figure.

FIG. 29 illustrates in elevation and in partial section a module similar to that of FIGS. 27 and 28, but with a lateral cavity situated on the opposite surface.

FIG. 30 illustrates in plan the module of the previous figure, showing the position of the lateral cavity, coinciding, in the event that it is placed collateral to the cavity of the module of FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 shows in plan modules having special angular shapes for the formation of acute angle corners;

Figure 32 illustrates in plan modules with adequate perimeters for the same function as that of the previous figure.

FIG. 33 shows in plan the superposition of modules of FIGS. 32 and 31.

FIG. 34 illustrates in elevation and in partial section, a double module having an angular corner;

Figure 35 shows in plan a double module corresponding to the previous figure.

FIG. 36 represents, in a plan view, two modules intended to be placed collaterally, provided on the surfaces which will be united, with respective semi-cylindrical indentations, coinciding to constitute a single cylindrical cavity;

FIG. 37 also shows in plan two modules intended to be placed collaterally provided at their respective end angles, which will be located together, with respective detents of 1/4 of a cylinder to constitute a semi-cylindrical detent.

FIG. 38 illustrates in plan the placement of the two modules of FIG. 36 with the cylindrical cavity at the central part of its junction, and the arrangement on these of the two modules of FIG. 37, the semi-cylindrical shear of its end surface perfectly coinciding with the previous cylindrical cavity.

Figure 39 is a plan view of the tooling with its slides used to place the mortar or grouting paste on the upper surface of a module.

Figure 40 is an elevational view of the same tool.

Figure 41 is a side view of said tool.

Figure 42 is a perspective view of a basic module, which shows the positioning of the tool slides.

Figure 43 is a perspective view, similar to that of the previous figure but with a double module, and on it the positioning of the tool slides.

FIG. 44 illustrates in perspective a basic module provided, on its upper surface, with a semi-cylindrical shear for horizontal duct, with various longitudinal projections for joining with the module which will be placed above.

Figure 45 shows a double module, with characteristics identical to those of the previous figure, provided with more of a semi-cylindrical lateral access.

FIG. 46 represents a double module, with semi-cylindrical shear on its lower surface and with longitudinal cuts, coinciding with the module situated below, represented in FIG. 45 and provided with a semi-cylindrical lateral access.

FIG. 47 illustrates a basic module, with semi-cylindrical shear on its lower surface and with longitudinal cuts, coinciding with the module which will be placed below and represented in FIG. 44;

In these four figures 44 to 47 are shown cylindrical sleeves which support the junction zones of semi-cylindrical detonations.

Figure 48 is an elevational view of a portion of apparatus formed by double modules provided with a solid nipple and a cavity, these hollow nipples constituting vertical ducts, a horizontal duct also being delimited between two rows of modules and lateral entrances or accesses at the intersection of the previously mentioned conduits.

FIG. 49 illustrates in plan a seat of an apparatus, forming a right-angled corner and also provided with a horizontal duct.

Figure 50 is a perspective view of a semi-header apparatus in construction, formed, partly by modules of the type shown in the figures previous 44 to 47, while the corner area is formed by double modules with full nipples.

FIG. 51 illustrates, in plan, a basic module provided with semi-cylindrical shear on its lower surface, as well as longitudinal interlocking notches and provided with hollow nipple.

Figure 52 is an elevational view of the module of the previous figure.

Figure 53 is a side view of the same module.

Figure 54 illustrates in plan a basic module corresponding to the one that will be located under the module of figure 51, with the semi-cylindrical shear and the projections corresponding longitudinal, as well as a cylindrical perforation which communicates the blasting with the lower cavity.

Figure 55 is an elevational view of the module of the previous figure.

Figure 56 is a side view of the same module.

FIG. 57 is a side view of the two modules of FIGS. 53 and 56 superimposed, forming a unit and provided with a large diameter hollow stud.

FIG. 58 is a view of modules identical to those of the previous figure, but with hollow nipple having a small circumference.

Figures 59 and 60 illustrate in elevation and in plan part of a device in semi-header formed by modules having semi-cylindrical detours configuring a horizontal pipe and one of the modules and two correspondents located below, being provided with accessible sides.

Figure 61 shows in perspective a basic module with semi-cylindrical shear and longitudinal projections on its upper surface, as well as its cavity lower communicated with semi-cylindrical delarding.

Figure 62 shows a double module with characteristics similar to those of the previous figure, but provided with a false zone on its lateral surface, which can be easily removed to gain access to the interior of the semi-cylindrical shear. It is also provided with two lower cavities communicated with this detonation.

Figure 63 illustrates a basic module that can be superimposed on that of Figure 61, provided with semi-circular shear and longitudinal notches on its surface lower and a hollow stud having a large diameter.

FIG. 64 is a double module which can be superimposed on that of FIG. 62, with semicircular shear and longitudinal cuts, as well as two hollow nipples having a small diameter and provided with a false zone on its lateral surface, easy to extract, for access to the interior of the semi-cylindrical shear.

Figure 65 is a front view of the set of resistant stacked modules for example forming a lintel.

Finally, Figure 66 shows in plan the arrangement of modules of Figure previous.

Following the various drawings, we can observe the construction system modular object of the present invention, the essential characteristic of which is the module basic prismatic quadrangular (1), provided with an emerging cylindrical stud (2) at its upper central part and a cavity, also cylindrical (3) on its lower surface, both being bevelled, both the upper part of the nipple and the mouth of the cavity, characterized in that the two elements, the stud (2) and the cavity (3) are located coaxial with the vertical axis of symmetry of the basic module (1).

An essential characteristic of the invention is a double module (4) having the same width as that of the basic module (1) and a length of slightly more than double, if the thickness of the material which will constitute the vertical seal (5) is taken into account the adjoining vertical surfaces of juxtaposed modules.

The double module (4) will basically have two cylindrical pins (2) and two cylindrical cavities (3), all located on the corresponding axis of symmetry, the essential characteristic being that the gap (6) existing between the two axes (7) (FIGS. 7 and 16) is permanent and unchanging, thus allowing unitary or double modules, can be arranged on top of each other, forming the foundations, with a precision of total dimensions.

The basic unitary (1) and double (4) modules offer alternative embodiments, as shown in Figures 8 to 14, consisting of the arrangement of hollow pins (8), the orifice or cylindrical conduit (8a) of which ends at the interior base of the cavity (3) corresponding, thus communicating directly. Another variant will also be the arrangement of hollow nipples having different diameters, a hollow nipple with smaller diameter being represented by (8b), with its cylindrical orifice (8c) having a smaller diameter, all of which are used according to construction needs, and it is possible in the case of the hollow stud (8) with larger diameter, to arrange an orifice through (8a) having a larger diameter, suitable for placing the service installations therein necessary from the building.

Another alternative embodiment may be that of a double module (4) provided of a solid stud (2) and another cavity (8) both having the same diameter, as it will agree, The reported case could be that of Figure 14.

Another alternative embodiment will be that of the module provided with a series of orifices through (9), arranged around the stud (2), with the aim of either reducing the weight or allow the placement of rods for a reinforcing reinforcement, as shown in the figure 15.

With the basic modules (1) and (4) described, we can build all kinds Figures 17 and 18 show the start of the construction of corner purlins with an angle of 90 °, alternating the modules suitably single and double, as well as nipples and cavities, as required by the construction to be carried out.

These requirements, and in particular, the diversity of codons in plan of the devices, are the reason for other alternative embodiments of modules, according to FIGS. 19 to 26. Thus:

The double module (10), at a 90 ° angle, provided with three pins (2), for the construction of the right-angle corner of the device (Figures 19 and 20).

The module (11) in "T", for the support of a device on others, at right angle (figure 21).

The triple module (12), with three pins (2) and the corresponding cavities, for the places where an additional unit area will need to be covered (Figure 22).

The "cross" module (13), with its arms at right angles, for a double support devices (Figure 23).

And finally, the open-ended module (14), (Figures 24 and 25), higher to the triple module (12), manufactured to be placed with precision, instead of the dimensions already ' established in advance, as may be the end of the facade, with the module having a higher weight small (15) (figure 26), variant with triple module, with through holes (9) as it was previously shown in Figure 15, but in this case in larger quantities.

Other possible variants are the modules provided with cavities side (16), arranged to place various fittings therein, such as those for fixing the door and window frames, avoiding these cavities (16) which must be made at the on-site, with the corresponding advantages of labor savings and time. Figures 27 to 30 show this embodiment, in double modules (4), in arranging the cavities on the various sides of the module.

Still other variant embodiments, according to FIGS. 31 to 35, are the modules with angular profiles intended for the construction of devices at various angles at the corners.

Figure 31 shows the module (17), with one of its front faces at an acute angle (17a) and forming an assembly with it, the corresponding module (18) having a slight chamfer (18a), of identical angular value, in order to obtain a linear continuity between both.

Figure 32 shows another corner arrangement, with the module (19) provided on its front surface with a double angular chamfer (19a) and forming a unit with it, the corresponding module (20), with chamfered end (20a) of an angular value complementary to that of the chamfer of the previous module (19) while also obtaining continuity between the two.

The arrangement of the two previous sets of modules allows you to start the construction of the device with angle corner, as shown in Figure 33, the modules (19) and (20) remaining below and the modules (17) and (18) above, duly oriented to place other modules on the seats, alternating and without continuity.

The possibilities of practical realizations are very vast because the various variants of modules will allow to arrange elements for the construction of angle devices obtuse, such as the double module (21), with an angularly bent end (21a) and provided in this case of a hollow stud (8b) with through orifice (8c) (Figures 34 and 35).

Another variant is that which is intended for construction double-footed devices, or load-bearing wall, where there are then double modules (22a) and (22b), with their pins (2) and the corresponding cavities, provided on their surfaces side facing respective semi-cylindrical detents (23), which, when places the two juxtaposed modules, delimiting a vertical cylindrical conduit (23a). These modules are completed by double modules (24a) and (24b), at the facing corners of which are arranged respective backslashes of 1/4 of a cylinder (25), which, when the two modules are placed juxtaposed, delimiting half of a cylindrical conduit. We appreciate what has been exposed in Figures 36, 37 and 38, and in particular in this last.

Place modules, one on top of the other, for the construction of which the device is formed, and moreover obtain perfectly the vertical cylindrical conduit (23a) mentioned above.

It is also an object of the invention, in particular for the construction of facades, type called "exposed masonry", the system for placing the dough or mortar, allowing a uniform distribution thereof, giving a larger size to the horizontal (26) and vertical (5) joints completely uniform along the entire construction, making the most of the material to be jointed, consisting of the use of a tool (27), easy to handle by means of a handle (28) and which it is raining to place by fitting its reference sockets (29) on the pins (2) of the module.

The tool is provided with a series of slides (30), arranged longitudinally and transversely, delimiting, when placed on the module, spaces that the worker will easily fill with paste or mortar, without danger of exaggerating or going overboard sides, and ensuring a correct finish, with horizontal (26) and vertical joints (5) completely regular.

These slides (30) of the tool, can be movable, to allow the area where the dough will be placed or the mortar has a variable surface, as appropriate. A practical variant of the tool may be that which will be used for the modules single (1) (figure 42) and double (4) (figure 43).

We also present, as an alternative embodiment, the arrangement of modules immediately conforming horizontal conduits, through which we can place service facilities. It is a characteristic of these modules, that the module lower (31) has on its upper surface a longitudinal backwash (32) and, near therefrom, respective projections with quadrangular section (33), located one on each side of the blunder. The unit module (31) is shown in Figure 44, while in the Figure 45 shows a double module (34).

At the two ends of the longitudinal backwash (32), which is semi-cylindrical, there is a light step (35) which will allow to arrange and fix metal sockets (36) which will reinforce and consolidate the junctions between the modules. In the case of a double module (34) it is also possible to arrange an intermediate socket (36a). This socket (36) will also prevent entry inside the horizontally formed conduit (41), jointing paste or mortar when placed in the vertical joint corresponding.

The upper module (37) has, on its lower face, a recess longitudinal semi-cylindrical (38) and, near it, quadrangular section grooves (39) located perpendicularly along each side of the peeling, so that upper module fits on the other lower (31), remaining perfectly united when we engage the shear (33) in the grooves (39) and the horizontal cylindrical conduit (41) being formed with the two semi-ducts (32) and (38).

The detachment of the upper module (37), which in Figure 46 is a module double (40), also has steps (42) to place the sockets (36).

The upper surface of these modules (37) and (40) has two notches longitudinal, quadrangular section (43), inside which rods are placed steel which will reinforce the entire structure, in accordance with the requirements of the standards resistant to earthquakes established to guarantee the stability of the construction with regard to seismic movements.

In the illustrated modules, one of them, both lower and upper, has lateral strikes (44) and (45), constituting the semi-ducts which, at the time to join the two modules will form a lateral conduit (46) communicated with the conduit longitudinal (41) and in which will also be located a union reinforcing sleeve (36).

The combination of modules provided with longitudinal horizontal ducts (41) and lateral accesses (46) and provided with vertical conduits (8a) constituted by the conduits hollow nipples (8) and the corresponding cavities (3), will allow a wide range of service placement possibilities, as seen in Figures 48 and 49, supplemented by FIG. 50 illustrating in perspective a corner device at a right angle, with the first layer of standardized modules (4) and on them, the modules described (31) and (34), and part of an upper module (37) or (40).

The connection of the horizontal pipe (41) and the vertical pipe (8a) is shown in Figures 51 to 57 in which the lower (31) and upper modules are shown (37), in various projections (Figures 51 to 56) and finally (in the last Figure 57), the two united modules, in a variant with the normal hollow stud (8a), and in another of smaller size (8b), both also provided with horizontal lateral conduits (46).

As an alternative embodiment, modules are presented provided with a lateral access to the horizontal interior pipes, so that these pipes can be accessible from the outside, in case it is necessary to repair or modify any of the facilities that are located there.

The assembly, represented in FIGS. 61 to 64, presents the double module (34a), in this case also provided with lower cavities (3), (like the unitary module (31a)), and which, on its lateral surface has a rectangular sector (47), the shape of which is completely and perfectly the same as the rest of the module, by configuring walls, an interior semi-cylindrical shear, projections, etc. This area can be easily separated from the rest of the room, which allows access to the interior of the cylindrical duct, this possibility being shown in figure 62.

The upper module (40a) has on its lateral surface and in correspondence with the sector (47) of the lower module, another sector (48) also easy to separate of the rest of the module, and which will allow access to the interior of the horizontal duct (see figure 64).

It is presented as a variant of the system which is the subject of the present invention, the placement of a set of basic modules (4), in the case shown in the figures' 65 and 66, each module being provided with two hollow pins (8) and their cavities corresponding (3) arranged so that inside the formed conduits can be placed a cylindrical body (49), concretely a rod or a solid bar of steel, which gives the assembly (50) determined stability and structural strength, allowing its use as a resistant element, suitable for lintels for doors and windows, beams, columns and the like.

The system which is the subject of this patent being sufficiently described, it should be noted that any variation in dimensions, appearance and exterior finish, as well as the quality of materials employed for the practical realization of the invention, will not change its spirit which is summarized in the following claims.

Claims (12)

Modular construction system for masonry work with bricks on façades, walls, partitions, pillars, lintels and interior pipes, vertical and horizontal, essentially characterized in that it provides elements modular to form various seats which will constitute the devices to be built, these modular elements having a regular prismatic shape and with predetermined dimensions, so that with an adequate design, each and every one of the modular elements to be used in construction are determined, with their shapes, dimensions and location, the unitary basic module in suitable resistant material is provided on its surface upper, of a cylindrical pin emerging, and on its lower surface, of a cavity cylindrical, both located coaxially to the imaginary central axis of the module, the diameter of the cavity being a little larger than the diameter of the nipple, so that the latter can easily fit into the corresponding cavity of the module which will be located above, the height of the nipple being less than that of the cavity to allow placement the planned quantity of material to be joined between the modular elements. Modular construction system for masonry work with bricks on facades, walls, partitions, pillars, lintels and interior, vertical pipes and horizontal according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it has, as an essential variant of the embodiment, of a basic double module, having a length equivalent to two unit modules plus the size corresponding to the joint vertical or to the thickness of the material to be jointed between the vertical surfaces juxtaposed with two contiguous modules, this double module being provided with two nipples cylindrical, on its upper surface, and two cylindrical cavities, on its surface lower, located coaxially on the corresponding axes placed at the imaginary position corresponding to the axes of the double unitary modules which are located in seats lower or higher, the essential characteristic of the system being the fact that the difference existing between the two axes is permanent and unchanging, so that the positioning of a series of modules in a seat will precisely and invariably define the positioning of the modules of the successive seats by means of the interlocking of the cavities on the corresponding nipples. Modular construction system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it has as variants of the embodiment, the arrangement of triple modules or quadruples, as well as modules of indefinite length, intended to complete the finish of all seats in the construction of the device, of whatever type be, given the essential characteristic of the system allowing the definition of the prior dimension of all and each of the modules required. Modular building system according to the claims above, characterized by the appropriate arrangement, in quantity and homogeneity, of the paste or mortar to joint the modules between courses, constituting the horizontal joints, so that excess material does not occur and we get immediately remarkable consistency and finish in device construction of visible masonry, by means of a tool which, fitted on the nipple, in the case of unitary module, or on the two nipples, in the case of double module, will delimit on the upper surface of the module, various areas which will be filled with the paste or mortar, areas formed by the rails that the tool has in the longitudinal direction and transverse, movable at will, with the aim that the areas it delimits are variable as required. Modular building system according to claims one and two essentially characterized in what offer as variants, basically prismatic modules, with L-shaped perimeter variations, at right angles; "T" shaped, double right angle ,; in the shape of a "cross", with all its right angles; for the construction of angle and single and double support area devices, further characterized by providing modules with angled end surfaces not straight, for the construction of seats of apparatus at corners at right angles, obtuse or acute, these modules being designed so that they correspond to a certain seat and to the corresponding upper seat. Modular building system according to the first claim, essentially characterized in that the modules may have cylindrical pins hollows which will communicate with the corresponding cavity of the lower surface, so that the arrangement in successive courses of modules with coincident hollow nipples constitutes a vertical duct, obtained immediately, for the location of various service installations, further characterized in that the nipples and their central ports may have different dimensions depending on whether to define a vertical duct to adequate diameter. Modular building system according to claims one and six, characterized in that the modules may have semi-cylindrical shears on their front and side surfaces, so that when placed side by side, they immediately constitute vertical conduits suitable for the arrangement of various service installations and also characterized in that the modules can present on their lateral surfaces cavities suitable for placing the anchoring elements of the carpentry, without the need to manufacture them later. Modular building system according to claims one, six and seven, characterized in that it presents as a variant the arrangement of unit modules or double, provided on their upper surface with a semi-cylindrical shear longitudinal and modules provided on their lower surface with a semi-cylindrical shear longitudinal, the former being provided with longitudinal projections and the second longitudinal re-entrant, all coincident, which will allow the interlocking of two modules, constituting a unit having a horizontal cylindrical cavity which forms a horizontal pipe, suitable for placing various installations there, providing the ends of these semi-cylindrical bruises of a slight notch for nesting a metal reinforcing sleeve inside the junction between a module and the module contiguous, in continuity with the horizontal pipe. Modular building system according to claim previous, characterized in that the modules which form the horizontal duct can have a horizontal lateral access duct to the outside, and characterized in that they may also have vertical conduits formed by their hollow pins and their corresponding lower cavities, so that a suitable network of vertical conduits and horizontal take shape, communicated with each other, for the passage of installations desired. Modular building system according to claims eight and new, characterized in that the modules constituting the longitudinal horizontal conduits have, as appropriate, sectors of their extractable side surfaces, so that the longitudinal duct is easily accessible from the outside, these sectors extractable having a shape and dimensions exactly like those of the cavity where they are placed and perfectly fitted. Modular building system according to claims one and eight, characterized in that on the upper surface of the modules, entrants longitudinal can be arranged in which will be placed metal rods to determined length and section which, while remaining incorporated in the assembly in the process of constitution of the horizontal joints with the paste or the mortar to be jointed, will constitute a stabilizing element resistant to earthquakes, in accordance with existing standards on this subject. Modular building system according to claims one and six, characterized in that the arrangement of modules which constitute vertical conduits, allow, by means of the placement through said conduits, of resistant elements, such as metal rods or bars having a diameter identical to that of the conduit, as well as rapid obtaining of assemblies having a certain structural resistance, suitable for place where they will have to support certain loads and efforts as it could be the case places where they will serve as a lintel, beam or column.

Images