FR2467929A1 - BLOCKS FOR BUILDING WALLS AND BUILDINGS AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

Nestable block. It comprises two rectangular side faces: an anterior or visible face 1 and a parallel posterior face 1 '. The front face has recesses 5 allowing the junction with the corresponding face of the upper block. Transverse bands 2 define through rectangular cavities 2 '. The extreme bands of the blocks constitute male and female interlocking. These bands are further positioned so as to form upper and lower male and female interlocking respectively. Construction of buildings, especially without specialized labor.

Description

246? '929

  The present invention relates to nestable blocks for the construction of walls and also relates to the method

  using such blocks.

  Blocks with holes are already known to erect buildings quickly. With the blocks according to the invention, it is intended to provide a type of block allowing greater speed and simplicity of construction, particularly in order to facilitate construction by

  housing, and which also allows for savings of

  significant time and effort to construct inter-

  structures in tall buildings, with reinforced concrete structures or

steel covered with concrete.

  The blocks according to the invention are intended for the construction of external walls, interior or partitioning in all buildings, these

  blocks being mainly designed to completely erect building walls.

  one or two-storey residential buildings, or vessels of different types, including structural elements that may be required for

bind or consolidate them.

  It is appropriate to mention, as an essential objective of the invention, the possibility of constructing the walls of a dwelling or simple construction without resorting to specialized labor,

  construction workers, two persons of either sex,

  to the family to whom the dwelling is destined for this purpose, as well as the materials and techniques compatible with the artisanal nature

of the construction operation.

  For this purpose, the nestable blocks according to the invention and their variants with respect to the main type, are intended, for the purpose of adapting the block to the position it will occupy inside the

  construction of which it forms part, to cover all possibilities of

  which occur during the erection of simple buildings, particularly

  the economic type, by giving the blocks a modular nature

  for the intended purpose and a range of shapes deriving from the main block,

  taking into account foreseen or foreseeable possibilities.

  Consequently, the blocks according to the invention have the object of

  a) to reduce the weight of the blocks to the minimum, to

  use by anyone who is not accustomed or physically prepared

  to handle heavy weights; b) to provide nestable parts on the four phases of the joint, but so that, when the blocks are juxtaposed, these

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  The last ones fit together with the greatest ease and do not require special techniques or special movements:

  (c) to provide a type of interlocking and connecting

  to remove mortar laying, and to allow the use of a system

  me fixing by means of cheap adhesives, resin-based, this one

  presenting valuable points from the point of view of mechanical resistance

  and, if necessary, sealing, with the advantage of allowing interlocking without affecting the accuracy of juxtaposition of

  two connecting surfaces in contact, which guarantees the dimensional accuracy

  the perfect execution of the wall; the accuracy of the automation system

  four-sided limb allows, whenever appropriate (and this is a valuable feature of the present invention, the laying in the dry state without significant damage to the stability and strength of the assembly, with its economic consequences, and even greater ease and speed of assembly

  (d) to allow the creation of any support structures

  port necessary, constituted by pillars and beams actually integrated into the wall itself, by placing reinforcements in niches present in all the blocks, or in special blocks subsequently concreted, always with low proportions of concrete, easily obtained by artisanal methods; e) allow to incorporate pipes (water, flow, electricity), vertically, in the holes of the blocks, and

  horizontally, in special troughs or H-blocks, or in

  passing through the blocks, by perforations easily made in

  these, by means of special drills that are found on the market.

  The preferred embodiment of the block according to the invention has the following basic dimensions: Length: 250 mm or 500 mm; Width: 125 mm or 250 mm;

Height: 200 mm.

  The thickness of the walls of the block is generally 40mm.

  Although the invention embraces different types of geometrically different blocks and shown in the accompanying drawing, in fact these blocks are the result of functional modifications and adjustments of a

  basic type of the typical block described in detail below.

  The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawing given solely by way of non-limiting example of which

  Figure 1 is a perspective view of the typical block se-

  the invention having on one side a male interlocking portion and on the other a female interlocking portion; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the block of Fig. 1 Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the block of Fig. 1 Fig. 4 is a right side elevational view of the block. Fig. 5 is a side elevational view. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a variant of the block type according to the invention, with female-type nesting formations on each of its sides. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the block shown in FIG. Figure 6; Figure 7 is a perspective view of a block variant according to the invention, with male interlocking formations on both sides of the block; Fig. 7 'is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 7; FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a block variant with a female nesting formation on one side and a flat surface on the opposite side, without a depression, said block thus being intended to act as the terminal block of the first row. when it is desired to define the lateral side of a window or door frame; Fig. 8 'is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 8; FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a block identical to that of FIG. 8, but whose outer face is flat, constituting the face of a lateral side of a window or door frame, ending in a hollow for s nest with the protruding end strip of the lower block to be used in rows next to the first in the side of a window or door frame; Fig. 9 'is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 9; Figure 10 is a perspective view of a variant of the block shown in Figure 8, but having a male interlock instead of a female interlock, as in Figure 8;

24679 "

  Fig. 10 'is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 10; FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a variant of

  block shown in FIG. 9, comprising on one of its faces an

  male hug instead of a female hitch, as in Fig. 9 Fig. 11 'is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 11; FIGS. 12 to 16 are perspective views of blocks comprising interlocking systems identical to those shown in FIG.

  previous figures, but with only two outer bands,

  limiting a single hole; FIGS. 12 'to 16' are plan views of the corresponding blocks shown in FIGS. 12 to 16 FIGS. 17 to 19 are perspective views of blocks constituting variants of the blocks represented in FIGS. 1, 10 and 11, respectively, in that a depression has been formed on the inner face da

  block to form a nesting formation for a mounted block

  pendicular, said blocks being thus intended to allow the intersec-

  walls with partition walls;

  Figures 17 'to 19' are plan views of the blocks

  shown in Figures 17 to 19, respectively; FIGS. 20 and 20 'are perspective and plan views, respectively of a variant of the block types shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, but including depressions for constituting formations

  interlocking on both sides of the block, the block being intended to guarantee the

  limp blocks for a partition with the blocks of a wall perpendicular to it; Fig. 21 is a perspective view of a block for use in the construction method according to the present invention,

  in combination with the blocks shown in the preceding figures,

  to form a trough with holes for passing tubes and electrical conduits through them, called block H; Figure 22 is a perspective view of a block of the same type as that shown in Figure 21, but without holes; Fig. 23 is a perspective view of a block of the same

  type as that shown in Figures 21 and 22, but with the pos-

  interrupted to make a nest allowing the block to be used as a corner block at the final upper row of the surrounding beam

  Figures 24 to 26 are perspective views of vari-

  blocks shown in FIGS. 21 to 23, the posterior face

  being lower than the anterior surface to allow placement of

  structural elements and prefabricated cover fill elements on the block; Figures 27 and 27 'are perspective and plan views of an angle block to be used on all but the last rows; Fig. 28 is a plan view of the crossing of blocks of a dividing wall with a marginal wall; Figures 29 and 29 'are perspective and elevational views, respectively, of blocks for use on the row.

  located immediately above that of the blocks that make up the lin-

  windows or door openings, and only in the space bounded by the lintel of the opening; Fig. 30 is a schematic plan view of a first row of blocks mounted to erect a building; Figure 31 is a schematic plan view of a row at the lintels to assess how the problem of openings is resolved; Fig. 32 is a schematic plan view at the cover showing reinforcement of the surrounding beams; Fig. 33 is a schematic perspective view showing the laying of the first row and the second row of blocks in a construction; Figure 34 is a section along the line A-B of Figure 30; Fig. 35 is a perspective view showing the method of assembling a prefabricated roof or floor; Fig. 36 is a schematic plan view showing the mode of execution of different types of pillars;

  Figure 37 is a sectional view of a method of

beam or lintel;

  Fig. 38 is a perspective view of a constraint

  tion-representing the way a lintel must be made to fit

  to a window opening and the application of a block of the type

  FIG. 29 and 29 '; Figure 39 is a schematic perspective view of the assembly of water distribution pipes; Figure 40 is a schematic view of the placement

  an electrical lighting installation.

  In FIGS. 1 to 5, there is shown, according to different views, the typical block according to the invention, and it can be considered that all the others are variants derived from this typical block, intended to satisfy different needs. of construction felt during

  stages of construction of different parts of a building.

  As these figures show, and to facilitate the

  description, the block can be considered to be formed of a recom-

  visible tangular 1 and a posterior face 1 'which is also rec-

  tangular, said faces being joined by bands 2 which define,

  with the faces 1, 1 ', through rectangular cavities 2'.

  In this embodiment of the block according to the invention, the

  two bands are three, thus defining two cavities passing through

  health or holes 2 '. The three bands 2 which connect the faces, 1, 1 'together

  ble protrude together with the wall portions which join them, on the upper part of the block, so as to form an upper male interlocking, obviously being set back by an equal distance with respect to the lower edges of the faces 1, 1 'for equip them at the bottom of a corresponding female socket and thus allow the block to be mounted on a block

identical located below him.

  It is therefore clear that the height of each band 2 and the walls that join them will be exactly equal to the height of each face 1, 1 '. With this arrangement, one obtains for each block according to the invention

  a lower female socket and an upper male socket. To F-

  ciliter the entry of these interlockings, the portions of the lateral surfaces 3 of the strips 2 which project from the visible and posterior faces 1, 1 'are inclined towards the inside, the interior surfaces 4 of the visible face being and of the posterior face 1, 1 '/ adapted to the protruding portions of the strips of the lower block, for which they have a corresponding inclination,

  as best shown in Figures 4 and 5.

  With this arrangement, one obtains at the top and bottom an

  perfect simultaneous limping of the blocks with a great degree of precision and

  with great ease of assembly, which makes it immediately accessible

non-specialized laypersons.

  Still according to the invention and following a direction

  horizontal band, intermediate band 2 will generally be

  same distance from the lateral ends of the faces 1, 1 ', but in order to obtain interlocking, in a horizontal direction, with the laterally adjacent blocks, one of the strips 2, generally to the left of the block, looking at this one. this side of the face 1 or face, will do

  protruding from the vertical left lateral sides of these faces with

  inclined faces 3 'to form a male interlock with the female socket of the next block of the row on the left side. Similarly, the outer band situated to the right of the block is placed in a position removed relative to the rectilinear vertical side edges or faces 1, 1 ', to form on this side of the block a female interlock, by providing inclined surfaces 4' correspondingly on the inner sides of

  faces 1, 1 'which protrude beyond said outer band to ensure

  Make an appropriate entry and adjustment with the male interlock of the adjacent block to the right of the row. With this arrangement, it is also possible, in the horizontal direction, to interlock the two sides of the block with the adjacent blocks of the row, with the greatest precision, by giving the

  3 'and 4' inclined surfaces easy interlocking of high precision.

  On the upper parts of the bands are channels 6 which allow

  when a horizontal row of blocks has been placed, to house pipes or electrical cables that are perfectly positioned

  without affecting or interfering with the laying of blocks in the upper horizontal row

  or interfere with their interlocking.

  On the visible face 1, on both contiguous sides of the face, there is a hollow 5 which makes it possible, after assembly, to constitute a kind of grid of aesthetic appearance on the visible face and which will allow a better identification for a subsequent coating of this surface, if desired. With the block described, and according to the present invention,

  thus obtain a perfect interlocking on the four faces of the block, that is to say

  the upper nesting and the lower nesting in the vertical direction

  wedge, and the interlocking of both sides in a horizontal direction; this allows

  not only to give exceptional rigidity to the construction carried out, but also the accuracy and ease of assembly that puts it entirely within the reach of non-specialists. In addition, it should be noted

  also with the arrangements described, we obtain a block whose leg-

  considerable strength is obtained without the detriment of strength and rigidity, which makes it very easy for

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  people not used to physical work.

  The through-holes 2 'generally have their integral walls.

  slightly to the lower part of the block, as shown in Figure 3, for the purpose of facilitating removal of the mold block, when it leaves the block manufacturing machine. In FIGS. 6 to 11 of the attached drawing, o elements

  analogues are represented by the same numerical references

  variants according to the invention of the base block shown in Figures 1 to 5, which include modifications intended to adapt the blocks to different situations occurring during the erection of a building, including housing, elements identical being designated by

  the same numerical references.

  Thus, FIGS. 6 and 6 'represent a block which, instead of having a male interlock and a female interlock, both

  arranged laterally, includes two lateral females.

  Figures 7 and 7 'represent another variant in

  which the block has two laterally male tops, contrary to

  to the representation of Figures 6 and 6 '.

  FIGS. 8 and 8 'represent another variant of the block, in which the block comprises on one side a female interlock, and

  on the other, not visible in FIG. 8, a planar face without hollow

  this block being intended to act as a terminal block for a

  door or window opening on the first horizontal row of blocks.

  FIGS. 9 and 9 'represent a block variant of FIGS.

  tine to start rows above the first, playing the role of terminal block for window or door opening. For this purpose, the block

  has on one side a female interlock as described above

  or alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 11 ', a swelling

  identical to the previous one, and on the opposite side, a plane face 7 which

  door below a hollow 7 'for coupling with the strips protruding from the lower blocks. The flat face will be the lintel of a

  window or a door opening whose block must be the terminal block

  nal. Figures 10 and 10 'also show a lintel block and it is a variant of the block of Figure 8 having on one side a male clutch instead of a female clutch and also intended, therefore, to begin an opening on the first row of blocks,

  the flat face 7 being devoid of hollows, for this purpose.

  Figures 11 and 11 'further represent a lintel block constituting yet another variant of the block shown on the

  Figure 8, also intended to begin an opening, but on

  Next, for this purpose, it has a female socket 7 'below to allow the superposition on the male interlockings of the blocks situated below, but still having laterally a male interlock instead of a female interlock, as in FIGS. , 9 '. Thus, the creation of a door or window opening is extremely easy,

  the first row starting with a block of the type shown in the figures

  res 8 and 8 '(or 10 and 10') which will rest directly on the mortar bed of the foundation of the wall and, above, along the vertical row of this block, the following blocks, having, already, the 'female interlocking 7'

  types shown in FIGS. 9, 9 '(with female lateral interlocking

  11 or 11 '(with a male lateral fitting).

  To allow the necessary size adjustments to the dimensions of the building to be erected and to allow greater flexibility, that is to say, it is not imperative that the lengths of the wall to be built are obligatorily multiples of the length

  of the types of blocks described so far, it is envisaged, according to the invention

  single-hole block types, which differ fundamentally from those previously described in that they are approximately half

  length and a single hole, while maintaining the same types of

  and the respective combinations on the four non-visible faces

and nesting of the block.

  Thus, in Figures 12 and 12 ', there is shown a block according to the invention with a single hole having on one side a male interlock and, on the other, a female interlocking. This block is the standard block

  a single hole and can be considered as deriving from the block

  shown in Figure 1 and described above, by reducing its length

  at half and thus having a single hole 2 '.

  The block shown in FIGS. 13, 13 'constitutes the

  terminal block which will form the lintel of a window or door opening

  on the first rows placed on the foundation of the wall, but

  a single hole and, therefore, derived from the block represented on the

  8 and 8 ', by reduction to half its length.

  The blocks shown in Figs. 14, 14 '; 15, 15 'and

  16, 16 'according to the invention clearly describe blocks represented by

  respectively in Figures 9, 9 '; 10, 10 'and 11, 11', and that's why

  it does not seem necessary to give a detailed description.

  We have given a description of the types of blocks that allow

  In the case of the walls in their decorative parts, it is still necessary to consider the types of blocks which, according to the present invention, make it possible to join the walls at right angles, or to cut or intersect the walls (in the case separation walls). The different types

  basically intended for this purpose according to the invention are

  shown in Figures 17 to 20 and 28.

  Thus, FIGS. 17, 17 'show a block which

  can be considered as deriving from the basic block according to the invention,

  shown in Figure 1, and there is provided on the inner face of the block 1 ', in alignment with one of the holes 2', a recess 8 which ends laterally by two inclined faces 4 'intended to be placed on the faces 3 'of the male interlock of the block mounted perpendicular thereto, for

  start the perpendicular dividing wall.

  The interlocking 8 is thus completely identical to the

  female sideboots already described formed laterally by the

  inclined surfaces 4 '. In the same way as the block represented on the

  1, it has interlocking on its four sides, as

fate figures.

  In FIGS. 18, 18 ', the block shown differs from

  preceded in that it comprises the flat face 7 and does not have any em-

  bottom kick. This block will therefore be intended to allow insertion

  of a wall of splitting immediately next to the lintel of an opening of

  door or door and it has no lower female socket to insert on the first row, resting on the foundation of the wall. The blocks mounted on the vertical row on the blocks of this type are shown in FIGS. 19, 19 'and, for this purpose, they comprise below one

  female interlocking 7'.Of course, these types of block can be left

  depending on the side of the lower face 1 'on which one finds

  the hollow 8 and the surface 4 'which form the female socket.

  When you want to continue building the wall

  on the opposite side of the wall to which it converges (crossing walls), we use

  according to the invention, the block shown in FIGS.

  give a detailed description in the light of what has been described

  above these figures, or what is shown in FIG. 28, when it is desired to join the wall of the

exterior wall.

  Figures 21 and 22 show, according to the present invention,

  U-shaped or H-type blocks with and without holes, respectively.

  As the figures show, these blocks are inferiorly

  female limb entirely identical to those of the blocks previously described.

  intended in principle to constitute the upper terminal row

  of a wall, thus being mounted on the male interlockings of the blocks of the

adjacent lower house.

  Because of their shape, they allow the formation of

  the framing of the lintels or beams, reinforcements being of course placed inside the

  channel, as shown in Figure 37. In the case where provision is made for

  of intersection or passage through a pillar, it may be

  Alternatively, use a H-hole block (Figure 21), or for the construction of a lintel or connecting beam, the hole-free block of Figure 22. Figures 23 and 24 show corner blocks. according to the invention, intended to be applied on the last upper row

  following the H-type blocks described above.

  These types of blocks can be considered as coming from

  above-mentioned H-type blocks, in which part of the inside face

  1 '(about half) is absent, which allows the insertion of a corner post, as desired. The block will have, of course, two visible faces 1 and 1 ", perpendicular and the side of the face 1 '(inner side

  from the cavity created by the interruption of the face 1 ', it is the rotation

  of perpendicular blocks that form part of the perpendicular wall that will begin.

  The blocks of FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 are derived according to the invention

  of those shown in Figures 21, 22 and 23 and have the characteristic that the inner face 1 'is hollow relative to the visible face 1, so as to allow the installation of small overlapping beams

  prefabricated, as evidenced by, for example, Figure 35.

  All other features of these blocks figures

  21 to 26 will be understood in the light of the descriptions that will follow and

  figures, all including, even inferiorly, the female interlocking

  identical to that of the blocks described above. Figures 27 and 27 'are a perspective view and a plan view,

  respectively, of the type of block to be used according to the invention at the angles of the construction on all the rows, with the exception of the

246792 "

  last row which will contain in general, as already ex-

  the peripheral beam in addition to the use of the H blocks of FIGS. 21 to 26. This block differs from the block shown in FIGS. 18 and 18 'in that instead of a male interlock, it comprises a face Smooth next to the female socket 4 ', 8, 4' for the block that starts the perpendicular row. On the opposite side, there is provided on the type shown in Figures 27, 27 'a female interlocking. It is clear that it will be possible to provide a male interlock instead of a female interlock,

  and to make sure, also, that the position of the four

  4 ', 8, 4' corresponding to the blocks starting the perpendicular rows are on the opposite side to that shown in the figure,

  for application to corners on the opposite side of the building.

  So, in this case, as in other types of blocks

  already described, we can speak of "left" blocks and "right" blocks,

  which are of course considered as falling within the scope of the present invention, but which have not been described so as not to lengthen

  unnecessarily description. Reference 4 "represents a trans-

versale.

  FIG. 28 represents another type of block according to the invention.

  vention, which is an alternative embodiment of a wall of a split. This block can be considered as deriving from that described above with reference to FIGS. 20, 20 'by replacing the male fitting of a

sides by a smooth face.

  Finally, in Figures 29, 29 'there is shown a type of block identical to the block of the general type shown in Figure 1, but having, alternatively, a male interlock on the inner face, instead of a female interlocking, as in FIG. 1. This type of block is intended to be mounted on the H blocks shown in FIGS.

  22, as long as they are used in the construction of beams or lin-

  windows for door or window openings, as shown in

  Figure 38. As shown in this figure, the lintel which equips the window opening is formed, according to the invention, of four H blocks.

  which constitute the framework of placement of reinforcements and concreting.

  To achieve nesting and assembly precision appropriately, as the H blocks do not have a higher male interlocking, the blocks according to the invention generally comprise, it is therefore expected to assemble the

  blocks of Figures 29, 29 'with the corresponding lower male interlock.

* As shown in Figure 38, to make the lintel, we used four

  H blocks, four blocks of the type of Figures 29, 29 'being placed at the top.

  The other blocks in this row will be types already described

  and adapted to the corresponding position.

  Based on the above description of the different

  types of blocks according to the invention, it is easy to deduce immediately

  the way they are applied, by implementing the construction process

according to the invention.

  Figure 30 shows a diagram of the first-

  row of blocks of a simple rectangular construction with partitions.

  Figure 31 shows a diagram of a row at the lintels, with the representation of bar reinforcements that are part of the lintels. For the construction of these lintels, the type of H block shown in FIGS. 21 or 22 is used, placing in

  the channel thus formed the prefabricated reinforcements of the lintel bodies.

  FIG. 32 represents, in plan view, the row of blocks at the level of the cover, the row consisting of blocks of the types

  shown in FIGS. 21 to 26, to correspond to the variants

  posed by this type of construction. In any case, the main purpose of any variant is, in this row, to form a channel (a groove)

  to place reinforcements and concretize the perimeter beam.

  For example, an intersection variant is the one represented by

  35 o for the last row, blocks of the types shown in FIGS. 24, 25 or 26, that is,

  in which the inner face 1 'is less high than the visible face 1.

  This arrangement, according to the invention, allows not only to form the channel

  the circumferential beam, but also because of the

  height reduction of the inner face, to constitute a support for the small beams of a prefabricated roof, for example, as it was

  shown in detail in said figure 35.

  There is shown in perspective in Figure 33 a detail

  the first two rows at a corner of a building, with a representation

  schematic diagram of the assembly process of the blocks. As shown by the

  gure, we take advantage of the cavity formed by the corner blocks shown on

  Figures 27, 27 'to mount the reinforcements of a corner pillar.

  Figure 34 shows a section along the line A-B of Figure 33, showing how the blocks of the first row and the second row are laid, and how one starts a building according to the

method of the invention.

  246f929 In general, it will be necessary to begin by leveling the floor of the building, to open and fill trenches and to guarantee a strictly flat surface, so that the blocks can be laid with

  highest accuracy and compliance with the vertical, sim-

  by fitting them together. If you have already paved the ground, you will have to draw the drawing

  walls to erect or at least their axis.

  Following this contour, the mortar is placed by placing the

  blocks of the first row, because this mortar is contained in the

  The inside of the block is the binder that secures the first row to its foundation. This first row of blocks will be recessed into the ground later.

  once placed the concrete liner (0.05 mm), as shown in Figure 34.

  If it is necessary to create vertical supports or pillars of

  reinforced concrete, the reinforcements must be integrated from the beginning

  ments, although there is no need to put them immediately on the whole

  surface, so as not to make the placement of the blocks difficult.

  It is necessary to mount the reinforcing bars afterwards,

  with the bars overlay required.

  We can pack the poured concrete into the holes of the blocks

  to build pillars, for example, by vibrating reinforcements.

  Figures 36 and 37 show examples of

  non-limiting construction of beams and pillars to achieve the corresponding concreting. The flexibility allowed by block design

  according to the invention makes it possible to find innumerable combinations of

  within the reach of the person who carries out the construction, without being a technician, with the easy realization of this type of resistant elements, reason why the solutions of figures 36 and 37 are simple

examples.

  FIG. 39 is a schematic perspective view of the possibilities and facilities that the blocks according to the invention have for

  the assembly of internal water distribution networks. The variant represents

  is in no way limiting, because innumerable variants are

  possible and self-evident for specialists.

  In the case shown in FIG. 39, use is made of the H blocks constituting the periphery beam described above for embedding the horizontal branches of the supply and distribution pipes to and from a drinking water tank. for example in a dwelling. The coinciding vertical holes of the assembled blocks, as shown, can be used to place the

  vertical branches of the pipes and, in the room provided for the

  If, for example, a meter is fitted, it is possible to embroider an H-type block shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, which will constitute the casing necessary for housing it. It is possible to draw the same conclusions

  relating to FIG. 40, which represents a mode of mounting an installation

  using the channels 6 formed on the upper faces

  bands 2 of the blocks described above.

  The blocks according to the invention will generally be concrete or cement mortar and sand, although it is possible to use other

  molding materials allowing easy mechanical production.

  In fact, as already indicated above,

  blocks according to the invention have outstanding finishing characteristics.

  which, considered in association with the system of interlocking of the four assembly faces of the blocks, present a facility of assembly and

  a considerable speed of installation, making it possible to solve the problem

  bleme of fast and perfect execution of solidity filling walls

  reduced in corbelled structures.

  With blocks and construction processes according to

  the invention, therefore, the speed and the ease of construction are guaranteed.

  construction that makes construction accessible to the non-specialist (construction

  yourself, with labor savings previously unmatched

  It should be emphasized that the interlocking system and the accuracy of

  finishes guaranteed by the design of the blocks make it possible, as has been

  I mentioned earlier, both laying in the dry state without harming the

  precision of assembly and the use of glues instead of mortar, always

  things that lead to significant savings and ease of

evident.

  The blocks according to the invention can be molded in the most diverse materials generally used in civil engineering for

this type of elements.

  As preferred material, it is appropriate to mention the concrete of a particle size for the inert materials and a cement content suitable for molding such elements of construction

with machines.

Claims (31)

R E V E N D I C A T I 0 N S   1. - Nestable block for the construction of buildings,   characterized in that it comprises two lateral faces of rectangular shape   re respectively constituting an anterior or visible face (1) of the block and a posterior face (1 ') parallel to the first, the anterior face comprising, along the upper longitudinal edge and along an edge   vertically contiguous, recesses (5) intended to join the cor-   corresponding to the upper block, and in that the lateral faces are   joined by transverse bands (2) defining rectangular cavities   passing gules (2 '), the extreme bands on the lateral faces   grooves providing, by their position, on one side and the other respectively, male and female sockets, said strips being furthermore located with respect to the lateral faces so that at the top and bottom there are also male and female interlocking, providing   thus male (s) and female (s) embouchments on all four non visible from the block.   2. - block according to claim 1, characterized in that   that the lateral faces of the bands which protrude at the top of the front faces   upper and lower blocks, constitute in association with the   (3) a male interlock are inclined to facilitate engagement with the lower female interlocking contiguous blocks, with channels or grooves (6) present in alignment   with the upper part of the strips (2) protruding from the front faces   upper (1) and posterior (1 ') of the block.   3. - block according to claim 1, characterized in that the large inner faces of the cavities which pass through the blocks are   slightly divergent from their upper edges to the base of the trans-   versales, forming, in association with the inner faces of the strips, truncated pyramid sections to facilitate removal of the mold blocks from the molding machine, the same large faces diverging in   further down, from the lower edges to provide, in association with   with the connecting wall sections, a female interlock (4)   with the inclined faces of the strips (3) protruding from the front faces   upper (1) and posterior (1 ') of the other block placed below.   4. - block according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the inner areas of the anterior and posterior faces which   protrude laterally beyond the extreme transverse band (4 ')   position a female lateral engagement of the block, and are divergent.   5. - Block according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral surfaces of the extreme transverse strip which protrudes and forms a male lateral interlocking block (3 ') are convergently inclined for adaptation with the interlocking female side (4 ') of the adjacent side block.   6. Block according to all the preceding claims,   characterized in that it comprises above a male interlock (3),   below a female socket (4), and on both sides of the   female lateral girths (4 ') (FIGS. 6, 6').   7. Block according to all of claims 1 to 5, characterized   characterized in that it comprises a male interlock (3), lower than   a female socket (4) and on both sides of the sockets males (3 ') (FIGS. 7, 7').   8. Block according to all of claims 1 to 5, characterized   characterized in that it comprises a male interlock (3), which is lower than   a female interlock (4), on one side a male interlock (3 ') or a female interlock (4') and in that on the other side it does not have   not at all nesting, ending with a flat face (7) to   to kill a terminal block delimiting a window or door opening (Figures 9, 9 ', 11, 11').   9. Block according to all of claims 1 to 5, characterized   characterized in that it comprises above a male interlock (3), on one side a male (3 ') or female (4') interlocking, in that it does not comprise   nesting at the bottom, and in that on the opposite side it does not have any   at all, terminating in a planar face (7) to form a terminal block of the first row after the foundations, delimiting a   door or window opening (FIGS. 8, 8 ', 10, 10').   10. Block according to any one of the preceding claims   dentes, characterized in that it comprises only two extreme bands (2) which delimit, in association with the front faces (1) and (1 ') of the block, a single through-cavity (FIGS. 13, 13', 14, 14 ', 15, 15', 16, 16 ').   11. Block according to any one of claims 1 to 9,   characterized in that it comprises on the inner face (1 ') opposite to the visible face (1), of one of the cates, a female interlock (8) intended to allow the reception of the male interlocking of a block perpendicular to a row to form a cross with a perpendicular wall, through   for example, a wall of shear (Figures 18, 18 ', 19, 19').   12. - Block according to claim 11, characterized in that it also comprises a female lateral interlock on its other face (Figures 20, 20 ').   13. - block according to claim 11, characterized in that the female lateral socket (8) is located next to the side face.   plane (7), so that the latter can form a block of   gle, the flat lateral face (7) of the block Playing the role of visible face, the male interlocking of the blocks of the perpendicular row (FIGS. 27, 27 ')   encasing the female lateral interlock (8).   14. - Blockable block for the construction of buildings to be used in combination * with the blocks according to any one   of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is formed by   two vertical rectangular rims respectively constituting the anterior (1) and posterior (1 ') faces of the block, which are joined together inferiorly   cross-section at an adequate distance from the lower edges   of the faces, so that a female interlock can be obtained (4)   adaptable to male upper interlocking blocks according to the claims   the transverse strip having openings (2 ') in a position coinciding with the cavities passing through the blocks according to   the preceding claims, the block being intended to constitute a   framework for beams or lintels with pillars or to form grooves or channels to lay pipes or cables (Figure 21).   15. - S.oc according to claim 14, characterized in that the transverse strip has no holes, the block being intended for the framework of beams or lintels or to form grooves or channels   to install piping (Figure 22).   16. - block according to any one of claims 14   and 15, characterized in that the rear face is interrupted to form an interlock which allows the block to be used as an angle block on the last upper row which will form the perimeter beam (FIG. 23, 24).   17. - Block according to any one of claims 1 to   13, characterized in that it comprises below, not a female interlocking, but a male interlock (3) to be applied to the blocks according to   any of claims 14 and 15, when using the latter   as lintel framing, when it comes to window openings or door (Figures 29, 29 ').   18. Block according to any one of claims 14 to   16, characterized in that the posterior face (1 ') is not so high   than the front surface (1) to allow placing on the   structural elements or prefabricated roofing   steps or floor boards, and then coat and concretize them to form a general girder 25, 26, 35).   19. Block according to any one of claims 1 to   17, characterized in that the interlocking surfaces (3, 31, 4, 41) of the block have a finish which makes it possible to mount and lay the blocks by gluing with adhesives based on synthetic resins, or to make the laying in the dry state, by making the blocks regular by a suitable coating of the coatings obtained, in particular with coatings based on glass or synthetic resins.   20. - Method of constructing buildings, characterized in that appropriate block combinations are used according to one of   any of the preceding claims for the construction of walls,   partitions and building structures.   21. - Method according to claim 20, characterized in that after the normal operations of preparation of the soil on the construction site, and the execution and filling of the foundations of the walls, one   laying the first row with blocks according to claims 1 to 13,   by performing the laying with mortar which previously fills a portion of the through cavities to secure the blocks with the foundations, continuing with the following rows laid by gluing or in the dry state and so as to obtain a vertical coincidence of the through cavities blocks (Figures 30 to 34).   22. - Process according to the set of claims 2o and   21, characterized in that the corner pillars are made using as framework the superimposed and aligned cavities of the outer parts of the   corner blocks according to claim 13, constituting the pillars in   spinning and positioning the appropriate bars and filling the channel formed with concrete (Figure 33).   23. - Method according to any one of the claims   and 21, characterized in that pillars which are not corner pillars are constructed by leaving together the female junctions of the block in each of the wall support faces at the pillar and placing   planks on both sides of the wall, delineating   pace to place the pillar and concrete reinforcements (Figure 36).   24. - A method according to claim 23, characterized in that one carries a pillar protruding from the wall, it ends with framing boards part of the wall pillar with a suitable shape, forming   thus the concreting framework of the pillar (Figure 36).   25. - Process according to any one of the claims   at 24, characterized in that the last row of blocks on which the cover is supported with blocks is formed according to claim 18, the row being mounted with the lower face of the blocks facing inwards and using at the corners blocks according to claim 16, with, resting on the rim of said face, the small beams and fillers of a prefabricated opening or reinforcements of a concrete slab or step; reinforcing rods being placed in the channel or cavity formed longitudinally between the anterior faces   and posterior of the block for concreting a peripheral beam (FIG. 35).   26. - Process according to all of claims 20 to 25,   characterized in that the water distribution pipes are laid on their horizontal sections in the channel formed by the blocks of the last row, these sections of pipe being surrounded by the concrete   the peripheral link beam (Figure 39).   27. - Process according to all of claims 20 to 26,   characterized in that the riser risers are laid from the horizontal pipes in the vertical channels formed by the superposition of the holes passing through the blocks, filling these channels   mortar, if desired (Figure 39).   28. - Process according to all of claims 20 to   27, characterized in that it is loaded, in the housing for the meter   a block according to any of claims 14 and 15 which constitutes   a suitable housing for the water meter (Figure 39).   29. - Process according to all of claims 20 to 27,   characterized in that the horizontal branches of the installations are   electrical connections in the channel formed by the cavities (6) in alignment in the upper part of the strips according to claim 2, by mounting vertical sections of the branches in the vertical channels formed   by the superposition of holes through the blocks (Figure 40).   30. - Process according to all of claims 20 to 29,   characterized in that holes are formed at appropriate points   ge to remove cables or pipes and to mount   positive to use water or electricity (Figures 39, 40).   31. - Process according to all of claims 20 to 30,   characterized in that the blocks are assembled in the dry state, by filling the coatings obtained with a suitable layer, in particular layers of glass fibers and synthetic resin, or leaving them without coating, the blocks being able to be reused in the latter case.