FR2515567A1 - Method of forming precast concrete wall panel - has polygonal rubble face using soaked elastic foam to mount stones on bed with sand forming recessed joints - Google Patents
Method of forming precast concrete wall panel - has polygonal rubble face using soaked elastic foam to mount stones on bed with sand forming recessed joints Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2515567A1 FR2515567A1 FR8120616A FR8120616A FR2515567A1 FR 2515567 A1 FR2515567 A1 FR 2515567A1 FR 8120616 A FR8120616 A FR 8120616A FR 8120616 A FR8120616 A FR 8120616A FR 2515567 A1 FR2515567 A1 FR 2515567A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- rubble
- stones
- formwork
- elements
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
- B28B19/0053—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to tiles, bricks or the like
- B28B19/0061—Means for arranging or fixing the tiles, bricks or the like in the mould
- B28B19/0069—Means for arranging or fixing the tiles, bricks or the like in the mould the tiles, bricks or the like being sunk in resilient mould material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
- B28B19/0007—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon for producing articles with exposed aggregate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article
- B28B7/364—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article of plastic material or rubber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article
- B28B7/368—Absorbent linings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2002/005—Appearance of panels
- E04C2002/008—Panels with the appearance of a natural stone wall
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne les procédés permettant de réaliser en atelier la préfabrication d'éléments de murs de façade ou de soutènement et de murettes à partir de moellons de pierre naturelle. The present invention relates to methods for carrying out in the workshop the prefabrication of facade or retaining wall elements and low walls from rubble of natural stone.
Les différentes techniques de préfabrication actuellement mises en oeuvre visent à la réalisation de panneaux composites comprenant un parement extérieur de faible épaisseur réalisé à l'aide d'une poudre de pierre naturelle de faible granulométrie ou d'une poudre artificielle imitant la pierre, liée à une couche de béton ou de matériau plastique. La fabrication de ces panneaux en atelier s'effectue généralement sur une table de moulage horizontale sur laquelle est disposée une grille dont le quadril lage correspond aux lignes de jointoiement d'un mur de pierre classique ; après remplissage de chacune des alvéoles de la grille, il est procédé à l'épandage d'une première couche du matériau support et à la mise en place d'une armature métallique, suivie d'une deuxième coulée du dit matériau support.Un autre procédé consiste à répandre sur la couche extérieure encore plastique du matériau support constituant l'amie du panneau, des grains de pierre, opération immédiatement suivie d'une mise en vibration de la table de moulage, les vibrations provoquant la pénétration des grains de pierre et leur incorporation dans le matériau support. Ces différents procédés ne permettent pas l'utilisation de moellons de pierres de dimensions habituellement connues en construction traditionnelle. The various prefabrication techniques currently used aim to produce composite panels comprising a thin exterior cladding produced using a natural stone powder of small particle size or an artificial powder imitating stone, linked to a layer of concrete or plastic material. The manufacture of these panels in the workshop is generally carried out on a horizontal molding table on which a grid is arranged, the grid of which corresponds to the grouting lines of a conventional stone wall; after filling each of the cells of the grid, a first layer of the support material is spread and a metal frame is placed, followed by a second pouring of the said support material. method consists in spreading on the still plastic outer layer of the support material constituting the panel friend, grains of stone, operation immediately followed by a setting in vibration of the molding table, the vibrations causing the penetration of the grains of stone and their incorporation into the support material. These different methods do not allow the use of stone rubble of dimensions usually known in traditional construction.
Le procédé, suivant l'invention, permet la réalisation complète en atelier d'éléments de murs de façade, de soutènement ou de murette comportant dans leur épaisseur des moellons de pierre naturelle tout en conservant au panneau ainsi réalisé l'aspect de la pose traditionnelle de la pierre de taille, par absence totale de joints verticaux. The method according to the invention allows the complete production in the workshop of facade, retaining or small wall elements comprising in their thickness rubble of natural stone while retaining the panel thus produced the appearance of traditional laying. cut stone, by total absence of vertical joints.
La mise en oeuvre d'un élément de mur portant application du procédé, objet de l'invention, s'effectue selon les opérations successives suivantes : -traçage sur une surface plane horizontale de référence de l'ouvrage à réaliser - coffrage des bordures mise en place sur la surface de référence d'une plaque mousse élastique - pose des moellons à partir du bas du panneau en ajustant les angles et les jambages - mise en place des armatures et des boucles de manutention et des éventuelles réservetions mouillage de la plaque de mousse jusqu'à saturation - garnissage des jointoiements des moellons à l'aide de sable tamisé selon une couche de faible épaisseur - coulée d'un mortier riche de béton entre les moellons selon une certaine épaisseur - répartition d'une couche terminale de béton dosé à 350 Kg et hydrofugé - relevage du panneau après prise du béton. La face de l'élément destinée à constituer la face de parement du mur de l'habitation ou de la murette est exempte de toute trace de ciment, grâce au mouillage de la mousse ; les joints débarrassés du sable tamisé par lavage au jet sous pressione/nécessitent aucune retouche ni recharge. The implementation of a wall element carrying application of the method, object of the invention, is carried out according to the following successive operations: -tracing on a horizontal flat surface of reference of the structure to be produced - formwork of the edges put in place on the reference surface of an elastic foam plate - laying rubble stone from the bottom of the panel by adjusting the angles and the legs - installation of handling frames and loops and possible wetting reservations of the plate foam to saturation - filling the rubble joints with sand screened in a thin layer - pouring a mortar rich in concrete between the rubble in a certain thickness - distributing a final layer of metered concrete at 350 kg and waterproofed - lifting of the panel after setting of the concrete. The face of the element intended to constitute the facing face of the wall of the dwelling or of the low wall is free of any trace of cement, thanks to the wetting of the foam; the joints removed from the sieved sand by washing with a pressurized jet / require no retouching or recharging.
Les dessins annexés illustrent un exemple de réalisation d'une façade d'une maison d'habitation obtenue par la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention. Dans ceux-ci - la figure 1 représente une vue partielle de la façade, fragmentée en quatre éléments constitutifs, - la figure 2,représente une vue de dessus en coupe suivant AA de l'un des éléments, - la figure 3 représente une vue de profil coupe suivant BB de la façade, - la figure 4 représente une vue partielle de l'ensemble des moellons, des linteaux, des coffrages, des tableaux d'ouvertures, des réservations d'assemblage des éléments entre eux et du joint de séparation de ceux-ci avant la coulée du mortier constituant l'élément portant du mur, - la figure 5 représente une vue en coupe à plus grande échelle du coffrage suivant AA, - la figure 6 représente une vue en coupe à plus grande échelle du coffrage suivant CC. The accompanying drawings illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a facade of a dwelling house obtained by implementing the method according to the invention. In these - FIG. 1 represents a partial view of the facade, fragmented into four constituent elements, - FIG. 2, represents a top view in section along AA of one of the elements, - FIG. 3 represents a view profile section along BB of the facade, - Figure 4 shows a partial view of all the rubble, lintels, formwork, opening tables, reservations for assembling the elements together and the separation joint of these before pouring the mortar constituting the bearing element of the wall, - Figure 5 shows a sectional view on a larger scale of the formwork along AA, - Figure 6 shows a sectional view on a larger scale of the formwork according to CC.
La mise en oeuvre du procédé de fabrication d'un pan de mur d'une maison d'habitation illustré partiellement en figure 1 s'effectue selon les opérations suivantes décrites dans l'ordre de leur succession - traçage sur une surface de référence horizontale de parfaite planéité, des contours extérieurs de l'élément à réaliser, - mise en place sur ces contours, des coffrages 1 bordant l'ouvrage, - dépose sur la surface de référence et dans les limites intérieuresdu coffrage ainsi réalisé d'une plaque de mousse élastique 2 d'une épaisseur d'environ trois centimètres ayant un pouvoir d'absorption d'eau élevé, - mise en place, à l'intérieur du coffrage des éléments a incorporer dans le pan de mur, tels que les linteaux 3 des portes et fenêtres, - mise en place des coffrages des tableaux et attentes d'appui de fenêtre 4, - mise en place, le long de l'élément de coffrage 1 bordant l'angle du pan de mur destiné à s'assembler soit avec un des pignons de la maison, soit avec un mur d'équerre, des coffrages de réservation 5, répartis selon un certain intervalle de manière à constituer une série de créneaux 6, destinés à permettre l'assemblage par interpénétration des éléments de murs entre eux, - dépose des moellons de pierre 7, sur la plaque de mousse en débutant par la partie basse du pan de mur, d'une façon identique à la construction traditionnelle verticale, en ajustant les angles et les jambages, - délimitation des lignes de fractionnement du pan de mur, en fragments divisionnaires, l'estimation de la surface de chacun desquels étant déterminée par la capacité des moyens de levage et de manutention de l'atelier de préfabrication, et de ceux existant sur le lieu de montage de l'édifice, ainsi que par les moyens de transport utilisés. Selon ces lignes de fractionnement il est procédé à la mise en place d'un joint de matière souple 8 devant permettre la désolidarisation des fragments divisionnaires après séchage de l'ensemble, - mise en place de l'armature métallique 9 de l'ensemble et des boucles de manutention de chaque fragment divisionnaire, - positionnement en regard de chaque ligne de fractionnement ainsi qu'en bordure des zones d'assemblage d'angle par créneaux, de coffrages 10, donnant naissance au démoulage a' des saignées Il dans lesquelles sont coulés des poteaux ou poutres de béton armé assurant une stabilité d'assemblage et de liaison des fragments divisionnaires, - arrosage de la plaque de mousse 2 jusqu'à saturation, - répartition d'une couche uniforme de sable tamisé 12 de faible épaisseur de l'ordre de deux à trois millimètres entre les moellons de pierre.Cette épaisseur est suffisante parce que venant s'ajouter à la remontée de la mousse entre les moellons sous le poids de ceux-ci , ces deux facteurs associés déterminant au démoulage la profondeur des joints entre les moellons, - coulée d'un mortier riche de béton 13 entre les moellons, sur une épaisseur d'environ deux centimètres, - remplissage du coffrage jusqu'à hauteur totale de celui-ci à l'aide d'un mortier de béton dosé à 350 Kg et hydrofugé 14, - après prise du béton, il est procédé au relevage des fragments divisionnaires et à l'enlèvement de la plaque de mousse, laquelle peut être réutilisée pour la confection d'autres ouvrages, - enlèvement du sable tamisé garnissant les joints par lavage au jet : l'aspect rugueux des joints ainsi obtenu confère à l'ensemble l'aspect d'une cpnstruction à l'ancienne.La face des moellons de pierre constituant Ie parement de façade est parfaitement propre grâce à la mousse et à l'eau contenu dans celle-ci avant le coulage des mortiers de béton. The implementation of the method of manufacturing a wall section of a dwelling house illustrated partially in FIG. 1 is carried out according to the following operations described in the order of their succession - tracing on a horizontal reference surface of perfect flatness, external contours of the element to be produced, - placing on these contours, formwork 1 bordering the structure, - depositing on the reference surface and within the internal limits of the formwork thus produced a foam plate elastic 2 with a thickness of about three centimeters having a high water absorption power, - placing, inside the formwork, elements to be incorporated in the wall panel, such as the lintels 3 of the doors and windows, - installation of the formwork for the tables and window support expectations 4, - installation, along the formwork element 1 bordering the corner of the wall panel intended to be assembled either with a gables of the house, either with a square wall, s reservation formwork 5, distributed over a certain interval so as to constitute a series of slots 6, intended to allow assembly by interpenetration of the wall elements between them, - removal of stone rubble 7, on the foam sheet in starting with the lower part of the wall section, in a manner identical to the traditional vertical construction, by adjusting the angles and the jambs, - delimitation of the dividing lines of the wall section, into divisional fragments, the estimation of the surface each of which being determined by the capacity of the lifting and handling means of the prefabrication workshop, and of those existing at the place of assembly of the building, as well as by the means of transport used. According to these fractionation lines, a flexible material joint 8 is placed to allow the separation of the divisional fragments after drying of the assembly, - installation of the metal frame 9 of the assembly and handling loops of each divisional fragment, - positioning opposite each dividing line as well as at the edge of the corner assembly zones by slots, formwork 10, giving rise to demolding in 'grooves II in which are cast of reinforced concrete posts or beams ensuring stability of assembly and connection of the divisional fragments, - watering of the foam plate 2 until saturation, - distribution of a uniform layer of sieved sand 12 of small thickness of l between two and three millimeters between the stone rubble stones. This thickness is sufficient because, in addition to the rise of the foam between the rubble stones under the weight of these, these two facteu rs associated determining the release depth of the joints between the rubble stones, - pouring a mortar rich in concrete 13 between the rubble stones, over a thickness of about two centimeters, - filling the formwork to its full height at using a concrete mortar dosed at 350 Kg and water-repellent 14, - after setting of the concrete, the divisional fragments are raised and the foam plate is removed, which can be reused for making other works, - removal of the sieved sand filling the joints by washing with a jet: the rough appearance of the joints thus obtained gives the whole the appearance of an old construction. The face of the stone rubble constituting Ie façade cladding is perfectly clean thanks to the foam and the water contained in it before the concrete mortars are poured.
Tel qu'il apparait dans la-présente description, le procédé permet d'obtenir une rapidité de préfabrication d'éléments complets de murs de façade, de pignons ou de murette de clôture et par suite une réduction importante du coût de main d'oeuvre. Il permet également un transport normal de ces éléments en raison des possibilités de fractionnement de ceux-ci et l'assemblage de ceux-ci sur le site, à l'aide d'un seul engin, camion-grue par exemple. Les éléments une fois assemblés réalisent un ensemble présentant un aspect de pose traditionnelle de la pierre naturelle. As it appears in the present description, the process makes it possible to obtain a speed of prefabrication of complete elements of facade walls, gables or fencing wall and consequently a significant reduction in the cost of labor. . It also allows normal transport of these elements due to the possibilities of splitting them and assembling them on site, using a single machine, truck crane for example. Once assembled, the elements create a set with the appearance of traditional laying of natural stone.
L'invention ne se limite pas au mode de réalisation de l'élément de façade spécialement décrit : elle encrasse toutes les variantes possibles à condition que les modifications ne soient pas en opposition avec l'objet de chacune des revendications annexées à la présente- description. The invention is not limited to the embodiment of the specially described facade element: it fouls all the possible variants provided that the modifications are not in opposition to the subject of each of the claims annexed to the present description .
Le procédé, objet de l'invention, peut s'appliquer à la fabrication de tous éléments de murs à partir de moellons de pierre naturelle The process which is the subject of the invention can be applied to the manufacture of all wall elements from rubble from natural stone
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8120616A FR2515567A1 (en) | 1981-10-30 | 1981-10-30 | Method of forming precast concrete wall panel - has polygonal rubble face using soaked elastic foam to mount stones on bed with sand forming recessed joints |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8120616A FR2515567A1 (en) | 1981-10-30 | 1981-10-30 | Method of forming precast concrete wall panel - has polygonal rubble face using soaked elastic foam to mount stones on bed with sand forming recessed joints |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2515567A1 true FR2515567A1 (en) | 1983-05-06 |
Family
ID=9263661
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8120616A Pending FR2515567A1 (en) | 1981-10-30 | 1981-10-30 | Method of forming precast concrete wall panel - has polygonal rubble face using soaked elastic foam to mount stones on bed with sand forming recessed joints |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2515567A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2576243A1 (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-07-25 | Rubio Jose | Drystone elements |
FR2621937A1 (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1989-04-21 | Fuji Tokushu Concrete Ind | CONCRETE-BASED PAVING PRODUCTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
EP1671768A1 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-21 | E + E Fertigteille GmbH & Co. KG | Prefabricated element with stones and method for making such a prefabricated element |
CN110103326A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-09 | 安徽建工建筑工业有限公司 | A kind of prefabricated panel pylon preformed hole and device for hoisting |
WO2021001597A1 (en) | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-07 | Stonelement Oy | Method for producing construction element |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1809504A (en) * | 1927-10-11 | 1931-06-09 | Carvel Richard | Building construction |
US1856906A (en) * | 1930-09-11 | 1932-05-03 | Carvel Richard | Building construction |
US2151420A (en) * | 1935-05-03 | 1939-03-21 | Carvel Richard | Concrete wall section |
FR1109338A (en) * | 1953-10-18 | 1956-01-24 | Wall lined with plates, preferably with tiling, in particular tiled partition | |
US3654742A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1972-04-11 | John A Wilnau | Method of forming a concrete building component |
FR2123752A5 (en) * | 1971-01-29 | 1972-09-15 | Borghese Louis | |
DE2839704A1 (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-27 | Dettmer Wilhelm Kg | Prefabricated concrete block with decorative surface - has natural or artificial stones laid on resilient surface and set into concrete poured over them from behind |
FR2442119A1 (en) * | 1978-11-27 | 1980-06-20 | Martin Rafael | Exposed aggregate precast cladding panel prodn. - has concrete poured on aggregate set in 3 mm fine sand which is brushed out after striking |
-
1981
- 1981-10-30 FR FR8120616A patent/FR2515567A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1809504A (en) * | 1927-10-11 | 1931-06-09 | Carvel Richard | Building construction |
US1856906A (en) * | 1930-09-11 | 1932-05-03 | Carvel Richard | Building construction |
US2151420A (en) * | 1935-05-03 | 1939-03-21 | Carvel Richard | Concrete wall section |
FR1109338A (en) * | 1953-10-18 | 1956-01-24 | Wall lined with plates, preferably with tiling, in particular tiled partition | |
US3654742A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1972-04-11 | John A Wilnau | Method of forming a concrete building component |
FR2123752A5 (en) * | 1971-01-29 | 1972-09-15 | Borghese Louis | |
DE2839704A1 (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-27 | Dettmer Wilhelm Kg | Prefabricated concrete block with decorative surface - has natural or artificial stones laid on resilient surface and set into concrete poured over them from behind |
FR2442119A1 (en) * | 1978-11-27 | 1980-06-20 | Martin Rafael | Exposed aggregate precast cladding panel prodn. - has concrete poured on aggregate set in 3 mm fine sand which is brushed out after striking |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2576243A1 (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-07-25 | Rubio Jose | Drystone elements |
FR2621937A1 (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1989-04-21 | Fuji Tokushu Concrete Ind | CONCRETE-BASED PAVING PRODUCTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
EP1671768A1 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-21 | E + E Fertigteille GmbH & Co. KG | Prefabricated element with stones and method for making such a prefabricated element |
CN110103326A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-09 | 安徽建工建筑工业有限公司 | A kind of prefabricated panel pylon preformed hole and device for hoisting |
CN110103326B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2024-05-28 | 安徽建工建筑工业有限公司 | Device for pre-reserved holes and hoisting of prefabricated wallboard outer hanging rack |
WO2021001597A1 (en) | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-07 | Stonelement Oy | Method for producing construction element |
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