FR2647835A1 - METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS - Google Patents

METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2647835A1
FR2647835A1 FR8907493A FR8907493A FR2647835A1 FR 2647835 A1 FR2647835 A1 FR 2647835A1 FR 8907493 A FR8907493 A FR 8907493A FR 8907493 A FR8907493 A FR 8907493A FR 2647835 A1 FR2647835 A1 FR 2647835A1
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Prior art keywords
construction
panel
panels
prefabricated
concrete
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Granted
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FR8907493A
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French (fr)
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FR2647835B1 (en
Inventor
Rene Gualandris
Claude Bes
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to FR8907493A priority Critical patent/FR2647835A1/en
Priority to AU57442/90A priority patent/AU5744290A/en
Priority to PCT/FR1990/000369 priority patent/WO1990015202A1/en
Publication of FR2647835A1 publication Critical patent/FR2647835A1/en
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Publication of FR2647835B1 publication Critical patent/FR2647835B1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of building construction for various purposes, from prefabricated panels of lightweight concrete, with integrated thermal and sound insulation. According to the invention, the construction is characterized in that each carrier panel (1), which is prefabricated, in a single casting, directly at storey height and by length or width of the construction and which constitutes one of the four walls which demarcate the volume of one level of the construction: a) integrates, in appropriated positions, the welded wire mesh (2) which constitutes the reinforcement of the panel base, the upper anchorage (4) which runs along the full length of the panel, the reinforced lintel (3) above each opening (8), and the wooden perimeter beam (5) which also runs along the full length of the top of the panel; b) comprises, side by side with the base of the panel (1), and running along its full length, a ground beam (11) made of prestressed concrete.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine de la construction de bâtiments à partir de panneaux préfabriqués réalisés par coulage d'un mélange de ciment et d'agrégats. The invention relates to the field of building construction from prefabricated panels produced by pouring a mixture of cement and aggregates.

Les procédés et les constructions connues du genre en question mettent en oeuvre des panneaux élémentaires de plus ou moins grandes dimensions, réalisés à partir de béton traditionnel ferraillé ou non. The known methods and constructions of the genre in question use elementary panels of varying sizes, made from traditional concrete, whether or not scrapped.

De telles constructions présentent de nombreux inconvénients - le mélange ciment-agrégats traditionnel possède une densité élevée, de l'ordre de 2500 kgs/m', ce qui limite les dimensions des panneaux ou nécessite,dans le cas contraire, du matériel lourd pour leur manu tension; - les panneaux utilisés de ce type n'ont pas les qualités d'isolation phonique et thermique requises et la construction correspondante nécessite un doublage des parois (contre-cloison) à cet effet; - les angles de la construction sont fixés au moyen d'un clavetage sur lequel l'on pratique un coffrage : il : a en général des Fissures dues au retrait de la partie coulee par rapport à la partie préfabri- tuée; - les joints doivent etre traités de manière particulière; - les fondations sont coulées en continu sur un chainage coffré deux faces; qui ont pour effet de complirluer leur mise en ocuvre tant au niveau des fondations, qu'a celui du gros oeuvre ou du second oeuvre, donc d'accroitre le prix de revient de la construction, indépendamment des qualités qui demeurent inférieures à celles de l'invention.Such constructions have many disadvantages - the traditional cement-aggregate mixture has a high density, of the order of 2500 kgs / m ′, which limits the dimensions of the panels or requires, otherwise, heavy material for their manual tension; - the panels used of this type do not have the required sound and thermal insulation qualities and the corresponding construction requires a lining of the walls (counter-partition) for this purpose; - the angles of the construction are fixed by means of a keying on which a formwork is practiced: it: in general has Cracks due to the withdrawal of the cast part with respect to the prefabricated part; - the joints must be treated in a special way; - the foundations are poured continuously on two-sided casing chaining; which have the effect of complirluer their implementation both at the level of the foundations, that at the structural work or the second work, therefore to increase the cost price of the construction, independently of the qualities which remain inferior to those of the 'invention.

La présente invention a notamment pour but de remédier à ces divers inconvénients et concerne à cet effet un procédé de construction qui se caractérise en ce qu'il consiste a) à réaliser, par niveau de construction, chacun des 4 murs délimitant le volume de la construction, en un seul panneau, préfabriqué, à armature métallique, à partir d'un mélange constitué essentiellement par du ciment, des copeaux de bois traités et un matériau "transporteur d'air"; b) à fixer lesdits panneaux, aux 4 coins, au moyen d'équerres, de clous et de ciment-colle. The object of the present invention is in particular to remedy these various drawbacks and to this end relates to a construction method which is characterized in that it consists of a) producing, by level of construction, each of the 4 walls delimiting the volume of the construction, in a single panel, prefabricated, with metal frame, from a mixture consisting essentially of cement, treated wood chips and an "air transport" material; b) to fix said panels, at the 4 corners, by means of brackets, nails and thin-set mortar.

I1 est également caractérisé en ce que - le linteau, qui sert également de chatnjge, est réalisé par coulée simultanée avec le panneau de manière à faire partie intégrante de ce dernier; - chaque panneau possède, sur chaque côté vertical, une feuillure, en double-équerre, assurant la liaison et le positionnement des panneaux entre-eux; - toutes les ouvertures (portes et fenêtres) sont réalisées en même temps que la fabrication du panneau. I1 is also characterized in that - the lintel, which also serves as a catnjge, is produced by simultaneous casting with the panel so as to form an integral part of the latter; - Each panel has, on each vertical side, a rebate, double-angled, ensuring the connection and positioning of the panels together; - all openings (doors and windows) are made at the same time as the panel is manufactured.

Quant à la construction obtenue par la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé, elle se caractérise en ce que ce qu'elle est constituée par 4 panneaux préfabriqués reposant sur 4 longrines reposant elles mêmes sur 4 semelles
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages vont apparaitre à la lecture de la description détaillée qiii suit d'un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple seulement et représenté aux dessins annexés.As for the construction obtained by the implementation of said process, it is characterized in that it consists of 4 prefabricated panels resting on 4 sills themselves resting on 4 footings
Other characteristics and advantages will appear on reading the detailed description which follows of a preferred embodiment of the invention given by way of example only and shown in the accompanying drawings.

Sur ces dessins - la figure l est une tue partielle en perspective de deux panneaux jointifs montes; - la figure 2 est une vue de dessus,en coupe, mettant au ler plan les moyens de fixation des panneaux entre-eux: - la figure 3 est une xue de yrofil.en coupe, d'un panneau complet avec sa longrine, intégrée ou non, reposant sur la semelle.In these drawings - FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of two assembled adjoining panels; - Figure 2 is a top view, in section, putting in the first plane the means of fixing the panels together: - Figure 3 is a xue of yrofil.en section, of a complete panel with its sill, integrated or not, resting on the sole.

L'ensemble représenté aux figures comporte un panneau préfabriqué (1), à armature métallique (2) du type treillis soudé, correspondant à un niveau de construction et à l'un des 4 murs délimitant le volume de la construction, réalisé en un seul élément à partir d'un mélange constitué essentiellement par du ciment, des copeaux de bois traités (ignifugés et hydrofugés) du type commercialisés par la société fran çaise AGRESTA, et un matériau, destiné à alvéoler le ciment situé entre les particules de bois, du type commercialisé par la société française
SICA sous la dénomination "transporteur d'air" dans les proportions approximatives préférentielles suivantes - 300 à 350 kgs de ciment pour 1 m' de produit fini; - 10 litres de "transporteur d'air" pour 1000 litres d'eau de malaxage; - 600 litres d'eau de malaxage pour 1 m' de produit fini.The assembly shown in the figures comprises a prefabricated panel (1), with a metal frame (2) of the welded mesh type, corresponding to a level of construction and to one of the 4 walls delimiting the volume of the construction, produced in a single element from a mixture consisting essentially of cement, treated wood chips (flame retardant and water repellent) of the type marketed by the French company AGRESTA, and a material, intended to remove the cement located between the particles of wood, type marketed by the French company
SICA under the name "air carrier" in the following preferred approximate proportions - 300 to 350 kg of cement for 1 m of finished product; - 10 liters of "air conveyor" for 1000 liters of mixing water; - 600 liters of mixing water for 1 m of finished product.

Le panneau allégé ainsi obtenu possède une densité de l'ordre de 600 à 700 kgs/m' soit 3 à 4 fois inférieure à celle du béton traditionnel.The lightened panel thus obtained has a density of the order of 600 to 700 kgs / m 3 or 3 to 4 times lower than that of traditional concrete.

I1 comporte,intégré - un linteau (3), qui sert en même temps de chainage, ferraillé (4) sur toute sa longueur, réalisé par coulée simultanée avec le panneau; - une sablière (5), en bois, comportant des clous de scellement (6), positionnée en saillie lors du coulage du panneau : la saillie est d'environ 20 mm et permet de placer, entre le linteau et la fermette(7), extérieurement, par exemple du lambris (21) de 10 mm d'épaisseur avec un joint de 10 mm, et, intérieurement, par exemple du placoplâtre (22), sans qu'il soit nécessaire de les ajuster par découpe : c'est dans la partie supérieure (13) de la sablière, en forme de U, que va se positionner la fermette de la charpente qui sera fixée par clouage; - toutes les ouvertures, portes et fenêtres (8); qui sont réalisées en même temps que le panneau à partir d'un coffrage type mannequin les appuis de baie (9) étant ou non coulés en même temps que le panneau; - toutes les gaines techniques et en particulier électriques qui sont placées avant coulage (non représentées): - sur chaque côté vertical, une feuillure (10), en double-équerre, assurant la liaison et le positionnement des panneaux entre-eux. I1 includes, integrated - a lintel (3), which serves at the same time as chaining, scrap (4) over its entire length, produced by simultaneous casting with the panel; - a sand plate (5), made of wood, with sealing nails (6), positioned projecting during the casting of the panel: the projection is approximately 20 mm and allows to place, between the lintel and the farmhouse (7) , externally, for example paneling (21) 10 mm thick with a 10 mm joint, and, internally, for example drywall (22), without it being necessary to adjust them by cutting: this is in the upper part (13) of the sandpit, U-shaped, that will position the truss of the frame which will be fixed by nailing; - all openings, doors and windows (8); which are produced at the same time as the panel from a mannequin-type formwork, the bay supports (9) being or not being cast at the same time as the panel; - all the technical and in particular electrical sheaths which are placed before pouring (not shown): - on each vertical side, a rebate (10), double-angled, ensuring the connection and positioning of the panels together.

I1 peut également comporter, intégré ou non, la longrine (11), comportant un ferraillage spécifique (12). Dans la version intégrée,elle est réalisée,en béton précontraint, par coulée juxtaposée et simultanée à celle du panneau, à partir d'un double coffrage à paroi de séparation amovible que l'on soulève au fur et à mesure des coulées, de manière à faire partie intégrante du panneau sans qu'il y ait mélange des deux matériaux, excepté dans la zone étroite de séparation. I1 can also include, integrated or not, the sill (11), comprising a specific reinforcement (12). In the integrated version, it is made of prestressed concrete, by casting juxtaposed and simultaneous with that of the panel, from a double formwork with a removable partition wall which is lifted as and when it is poured, so to be an integral part of the panel without mixing of the two materials, except in the narrow zone of separation.

Dans la version séparée, la longrine est également réalisée en béton précontraint.In the separate version, the sill is also made of prestressed concrete.

Le panneau est coulé dans un coffrage horizontal à partir du mélange pré-cité, malaxé dav,- un malaxeur par,exemple à pales, et subit, avant durcissement, un débullage à partir d'un dispositif vibrant que l'on déplace sur toute sa surface de manière à obtenir la face inférieure du panneau lisse (elle deviendra la paroi intérieure de la construction sur laquelle aucun enduit ne sera nécessaire) et sa face supérieure rugueuse (elle deviendra la paroi extérieure de la construction sur laquelle le revêtement extérieur, enduit traditionnel ou plastique, viendra se fixer).The panel is cast in a horizontal formwork from the above-mentioned mixture, kneaded dav, - a kneader for example with blades, and undergoes, before hardening, a debubbling from a vibrating device which is moved over any its surface so as to obtain the underside of the smooth panel (it will become the interior wall of the construction on which no plaster will be necessary) and its rough upper surface (it will become the exterior wall of the construction on which the exterior coating is plastered traditional or plastic, will be fixed).

Le panneau ainsi obtenu (sur une épaisseur de 20 cm par exemple) possède des coefficients d'isolation thermique et phonique exceptionnels. En outre, de par sa structure, on peut y visser ou clouer tout élément
Chaque panneau entrant dans la construction est réalisé de la même faSon avec des variantes relatives aux dimensions, aux ouvertures, aux gaines techniques...The panel thus obtained (over a thickness of 20 cm for example) has exceptional thermal and sound insulation coefficients. In addition, by its structure, you can screw or nail any element
Each panel used in construction is produced in the same way with variations relating to dimensions, openings, technical ducts, etc.

Une construction comporte 4 panneaux fixés aux 4 coins au moyen d'équerres (14), par exemple en métal déployé, de clous (15), par exemple torsadés, et de ciment-colle que l'on place dans la feuillure (10) et entre les équerres (clavetage) et les panneaux. Les équerres peuvent être remplacées par une équerre unique couvrant la quasi-hauteur du panneau.A construction comprises 4 panels fixed at the 4 corners by means of brackets (14), for example made of expanded metal, of nails (15), for example twisted, and of mortar which is placed in the rebate (10) and between the brackets (keying) and the panels. The brackets can be replaced by a single bracket covering almost the height of the panel.

Les clous relient 2 panneaux jointifs comme indiqué sur la figure 2 et sont placés tout le long de la paroi verticale directement sur les panneaux et au travers des équerres.The nails connect 2 adjoining panels as shown in Figure 2 and are placed along the vertical wall directly on the panels and through the brackets.

Les panneaux (1) reposent sur au moins 4 longrines (11), intégrées ou non, qui reposent sur au moins 4 semelles (1()), en béton traditionnel, préfabriqués. Lesdites semelles reposent à leur tour sur des fondations (17) réalisées en béton maigre et localisées sous la zone de la semelle.The panels (1) rest on at least 4 sills (11), integrated or not, which rest on at least 4 footings (1 ()), in traditional concrete, prefabricated. Said footings in turn rest on foundations (17) made of lean concrete and located under the area of the footing.

Un joint élastique (18) antivibration (et anti-sismique), type SNCF, peut etre intercalé entre la longrine et la semelle.An anti-vibration (and anti-seismic) elastic joint (18), SNCF type, can be interposed between the sill and the sole.

La longrine peut comporter une feuillure (19) destinée à soutenir la dalle (20) qui peut être coulée sur place ou préfabriquée en béton allégé avec éventuellement des longrines de soutien dans le cas de grandes dimensions.The sill can include a rebate (19) intended to support the slab (20) which can be poured on site or prefabricated in light concrete with possibly supporting sills in the case of large dimensions.

La dalle peut également intégrer les gaines techniques.The slab can also integrate technical ducts.

Les ensembles constitués par 4 panneaux préfabriqués peuvent être juxtaposés (grands bâtiments de plein pied) ou superposés (bâtiments à étages).The assemblies consisting of 4 prefabricated panels can be juxtaposed (large buildings on the same level) or superimposed (multi-storey buildings).

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté pour lequel l'on pourra prévoir d'autres variantes, utiliser d'autres tYpeS de matériaux, ]'étendre à d'alltrPs applications sans pour cela sortir du cadre de l'invention.  Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown for which we can provide other variants, use other types of materials,] 'extend to alltrPs applications without leaving it of the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS 1- Procédé de construction de bâtiments préfabriqués à usages divers, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste : a) à réaliser, par niveau de construction, chacun des murs délimitant le volume de la construction, en un seul panneau (1), préfabriqué, à armature métallique (2), à partir d'un mélange constitué essentiellement par de ciment, de l'eau et des copeaux de bois ignifugés et hydrofugés; b) à fixer lesdits panneaux, deux par deux,au moyen d'équerres (14) et de ciment colle. 1- A method of constructing prefabricated buildings for various uses, characterized in that it consists of: a) making, by level of construction, each of the walls delimiting the volume of the construction, in a single panel (1), prefabricated, with metallic reinforcement (2), from a mixture consisting essentially of cement, water and fireproof and water-repellent wood shavings; b) fixing said panels, two by two, by means of brackets (14) and adhesive cement. 2- Procédé de construction, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le linteau (3), qui sert également de chaînage, est réalisé par coulée simultanée avec le panneau de manière à faire partie intégrante de ce dernier. 2- Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lintel (3), which also serves as chaining, is produced by simultaneous casting with the panel so as to be an integral part of the latter. 3- Procédé, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la sablière (5) est positionnée, en saillie, lors du coulage du panneau de manière à faire partie intégrante de ce dernier. 3- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate (5) is positioned, projecting, during the casting of the panel so as to be an integral part thereof. 4- Procédé de construction, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque panneau possède. sur chaque côté vertical, une feuillure (10), en double-équerre, assurant la liaison et le positionnement des panneaux entre-eux. 4- Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that each panel has. on each vertical side, a rebate (10), double-angled, ensuring the connection and positioning of the panels between them. 5- Procédé de construction, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que toutes les ouvertures, portes et fenêtres (8), sont réalisées en même temps que la fabrication du panneau à partir d'un coffrage type mannequin. 5- Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that all the openings, doors and windows (8) are made at the same time as the manufacture of the panel from a formwork type dummy. 6- Procédé de construction, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les gaines techniques sont intégrées dans les panneaux avant coulage. 6- Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the technical sheaths are integrated in the panels before pouring. 7- Procédé de construction, selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la longrine (11) est réalisée, en béton précontraint, par coulée juxtaposée et simultanée à celle du panneau, à partir d'un double coffrage à paroi de séparation amovible que l'on soulève au fur et à mesure des coulées, de manière à faire partie intégrante du panneau sans qu'il y ait mélange des deux matériaux, excepté dans la zone étroite de séparation.  7- Construction method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sill (11) is made of prestressed concrete, by juxtaposed casting and simultaneous with that of the panel, from a double wall formwork removable partition that is raised as and when poured, so as to be an integral part of the panel without mixing of the two materials, except in the narrow area of separation. 8- Construction obtenue par la mise en oeuvre du procédé, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 , caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée par 4 panneaux préfabriqués (1), reposant sur au moins 4 longrines (11), réalisées en béton précontraint, reposant elles-mêmes sur au moins 4 semelles (16) en béton traditionnel préfabriqué. 8- Construction obtained by the implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is constituted by 4 prefabricated panels (1), resting on at least 4 sills (11), made in prestressed concrete, themselves resting on at least 4 footings (16) in precast traditional concrete. 9- Construction obtenue par la mise en oeuvre du procédé, selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée par 4 panneaux préfabriqués (1) reposant directement sur au moins 4 semelles (16) en béton traditionnel préfabriqué. 9- Construction obtained by the implementation of the method according to claim 7, characterized in that it consists of 4 prefabricated panels (1) resting directly on at least 4 footings (16) in traditional precast concrete. 10- Construction, selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'un joint élastique (18), anti-vibration, est intercalé entre la longrine et la semelle. 10- Construction according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that an elastic seal (18), anti-vibration, is interposed between the sill and the sole. 11- Construction, selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que l'on peut superposer ou juxtaposer les ensembles constitués par 4 panneaux préfabriqués.  11- Construction according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that one can superimpose or juxtapose the assemblies consisting of 4 prefabricated panels.
FR8907493A 1989-06-01 1989-06-01 METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS Granted FR2647835A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8907493A FR2647835A1 (en) 1989-06-01 1989-06-01 METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS
AU57442/90A AU5744290A (en) 1989-06-01 1990-05-25 Construction consisting of prefabricated panels and method for producing said panels
PCT/FR1990/000369 WO1990015202A1 (en) 1989-06-01 1990-05-25 Construction consisting of prefabricated panels and method for producing said panels

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8907493A FR2647835A1 (en) 1989-06-01 1989-06-01 METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS

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FR2647835A1 true FR2647835A1 (en) 1990-12-07
FR2647835B1 FR2647835B1 (en) 1994-04-22

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WO (1) WO1990015202A1 (en)

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NL9400204A (en) * 1994-02-09 1995-09-01 Plannon Bv Building and working method for building it.
NL1015826C2 (en) * 2000-07-27 2002-01-29 Wilma B V Foundation assembly for building structure comprises at least two foundation points, such as foundation columns, on which is placed elongated foundation beam, incorporating vertical rib extending over its length
US20220228363A1 (en) * 2021-01-20 2022-07-21 Ashley Smith Building panel fire blocking system

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AU5744290A (en) 1991-01-07
FR2647835B1 (en) 1994-04-22

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