WO1988005485A1

WO1988005485A1 - Construction system using modular wooden frames forming structures and their assembly methods

Info

Publication number: WO1988005485A1
Application number: PCT/FR1988/000034
Authority: WO
Inventors: Oscar Bueno; Antoine Batiste
Original assignee: Oscar Bueno; Antoine Batiste
Priority date: 1987-01-26
Filing date: 1988-01-22
Publication date: 1988-07-28
Also published as: FR2610022B1; FR2610022A1; EP0278886A1; AU1188188A

Abstract

Construction system for ground floor or multi-floor buildings. It is comprised of prefabricated modular frames (1) which are of the load carrying type or not, separated between each other, during assembly, by a gap (18) of variable size which allows to adapt in all cases the construction system to the various dimension figures of a plan. The modular frames (1) bestride (10) at both ends beams (9) forming a horizontal load-carrying framework. The beams (9) carry joists (19) which form the floors. It is then easy to set in place the interior insulation, to fix the openings and to apply the various facings both inside and outside.

Description

CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM, BY MODULAR WOOD FRAMES, FORMING STRUCTURES, AND THEIR MOUNTING METHODS.

The invention can be used for all kinds of constructions and buildings on the ground floor or on floors. 5 It can be used either on load-bearing walls or on non-load-bearing walls. In the latter case, the components of the construction system can be considered as filling elements for facades.

In the case of traditional constructions, supporting walls are raised, by making openings with lintels. These walls are crowned by 0 beams or chaining cast on site. This device is slow and expensive.

In the case of prefabricated constructions, work panels are erected, finished, which are placed side by side. This device also proves to be expensive, but above all restricting: the frame brought by the facade joints, must be integrated into the architectural part.

The process, object of the invention overcomes these vantages inconvé¬: it combines the advantages of prefabrication (that of ^• standard modular frames) to a high speed of assembly on site, without placing any stress screening of facade plans and joints. 'The purpose of the present invention is to replace all existing processes, by a structure based on standard modular frames, which can simultaneously have a function of carrier element or filling element. This, without the constraints, usually imposed, when the designer is obliged to respect a frame, to establish his architectural project. The process which is the subject of the invention consists in manufacturing, in an industrial manner, standard modular frames of wood, plastic, metal, compressed wood fibers, concrete, or any material having equivalent mechanical characteristics.

The process which is the subject of the invention comprises modular load-bearing wooden frames, known as standard frames, which are composed: by two wooden uprights, parallel and vertical, of I-shaped profile, forming posts over a height of being. . floor ...-; by two horizontal crosspieces, high and low, in solid wood, of rectangular profile, connecting these wooden posts at the top and bottom; by four plywood gussets, located at the corners of the frame. The largest dimension of the I-profile is positioned perpendicular to the facade.

The bracing frames are made from a standard frame, in which the four corner gussets - replaced by a plywood panel, fixed on the four frames of the frame, and completely filling it. They ensure the bracing of constructions,. When these are subjected to the horizontal forces of the wind.

REPLACEMENT SHEET The I-profile of the vertical uprights, forming posts, standard modular frames, is composed by a central plywood core, on which are nailed, at the ends and on either side of it, four cleats of solid wood. The dimensions of these I-profiles can vary, depending on the load cases encountered, to meet the material resistance standards.

At the bottom, the modular wooden frames mount a guide and support rail, composed: either by a low beam, in solid wood, of rectangular section, in the case of a concrete floor platform; or by a wooden beam, I-shaped section, in the case of a wooden floor platform. At the head, the modular wooden frames straddle a wooden beam, I-shaped, also serving as guide and support rail.

This straddle is made possible by the extension, at the request, beyond the upper and lower cross members of the frame, of the four battens, forming part of the vertical uprights. This excess then determines a fork. The importance of this extension is a function of the height of the elements which are to be enclosed.

At the corners of the constructions, the uprights of the modular wooden frames, fit one into the other. The head of the I-section comes to be housed in the hollow of the other I-section which is juxtaposed to it. The webs of the I-sections are then perpendicular to each other.

The process which is the subject of the invention comprises wooden beams which fit together at the head and at the bottom in the forks provided for this purpose, on the modular frames. These wooden beams constitute the horizontal framework, carrying the facades, the splits, and the floors. They have an I-shaped section,. also composed of a central plywood core, on which are nailed ₇ at the ends and on either side of it, four cleats of solid wood. The dimensions of these I-shaped profiles can vary, depending on the load encountered, to meet the material resistance standards. In the straight parts, the junction- and. _' The continuity of the wooden beams, constituting the horizontal supporting framework, are ensured by special provisions. On the one hand, the central core ends, for the two pou¬ tres arriving end to end, by a bias cut at 45 °. On the other hand, the tas¬ buckets constituting the members of the beam, are arranged in offset sections. These particular provisions allow the transmission, by nailing, of "cutting" and "bending" forces urging the beam.

In the corners, the junction and the continuity of the wooden beams, constituting the load-bearing horizontal framework, are ensured by pieces of solid wood. These pieces, of rectangular section, come in filling, on either side of the central core of the wooden beams, and between the battens. This assembly is carried out by nailing tenons and mortises in straight cuts. In the case where it is desired that the facades, in plan view, take the configuration of a broken line (any angles) it is sufficient that the previous assembly is carried out in biased cuts. The process which is the subject of the invention comprises wood floors, built up by a load-bearing framework, produced by wooden joists. These joists have an I-shaped section, also composed of a central plywood core, on which are nailed, at the ends and on the other side thereof, four battens of solid wood. The dimensions of these I-shaped profiles can vary, depending on the load encountered, to meet the resistance standards of the materials. These joists are based on the main wooden beams arranged at the front of the facades and splits. They are fixed by means of wooden elements, of rectangular section, nailed respec¬ tively on the soul of the joists and on the soul of the main wooden beams. These floors constitute either the ground, the ceiling, or the intermediate floors of the constructions.

When mounting modular structural frames, a pre-frame is clamped and fixed between the vertical uprights of two modular frames. This pre-frame is set up as a simple structural element. It is intended to receive the openings, constituted by an "integrated block" from the trade, comprising the joinery with glazing, the finished tables and support piece, the closing flaps.

Another object of the present invention is to allow nailing or stapling, directly on the wooden structure, the inner skins and the outer skins.

Another object of the present invention is to present a light and resistant standard modular frame, the internal filling of which allows better insulation.

Another object of the present invention is to be able to use the uprights of standard modular frames as insulated posts.

Another object of the present invention is to be able to place the modular frames, side by side, or spaced apart by an interval of fixed dimension. Another object of the present invention is to be able to prefab the facades, .- in the workshop, by full and finished ganneaux. Another object of the present invention is to be able to make buildings on the ground floor or on floors.

Another object of the present invention is to be able to use the construction method as "cladding" and "facade filling", in the case of buildings with a traditional frame.

REPLACEMENT SHEET In the device which is the subject of the invention, the standard modular frames are placed on the perimeter of a floor platform, in place of the facades and any splits. These frames are separated from each other by an interval, the size of which can vary on demand. This feature makes it possible to adapt the construction system, object of the invention, to the dimensions of any residential plan. In fact, the layout requirements, concerning, on the one hand the position of the openings, on the other hand the dimensions of length and width of the plane, are resolved, in all cases, by the possibility of to "play" with the size of the intervals, arranged between each modular frame. This makes it possible to scrupulously comply with all the house plans drawn up by the designers; whereas these plans were obviously created in a "free" way, without any concern for weft.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the process and its embodiment, as described. The process includes standard modular wooden frames (1) and bracing frames (2). These modular wooden frames are composed of two wooden uprights (3) _. two horizontal crossings, high and low (4), four gussets (5). The I-section, vertical uprights of the modular frames, is composed by a central core (6) and by four wooden battens (7), situated at the ends and on either side thereof. At the foot, the modular wooden frames straddle a low beam (8), or a wooden beam (9). At the head, the modular wooden frames straddle a wooden beam (9). This is made possible by the fork (10), determined by the extension of the wooden cleats (7) ^" beyond the top and bottom crosspieces (4) of the modular frames. At the corners of the constructions, the uprights of the modular wooden frames ( 3) fit into each other (11).

The process comprises wooden beams (9), which constitute the horizontal framework, carrying the facades, the splits and the floors. Their I-shaped section is also constituted by a central core (6) and by four wooden battens (7) located at the ends and on either side thereof. In the straight parts, the junction and the continuity of the wooden beams (9) is ensured by a bias cut of the core (12) and by offset cuts (13) of the wooden battens (7) constituting the frames. In the right angles (21), the junction and the continuity of the wooden beams (9), is ensured by pieces of solid wood (14), of rectangular section, coming in filling, on either side of the core central (6), between the cleats (7). In the case of an angle, which in plan view is not right but one (15) ^'em- ends of the pieces of wood (14) and brackets (7) must be cut into neck ^¬ pes biased ( 16).

REPLACEMENT SHEET The process includes wooden floors, made up of a porous framework, produced by wooden joists. These joists (19) have an I-shaped section, also composed by a central core (6) and by four tas¬ buckets (7) located at the ends and on either side thereof. They are fixed by means of wooden elements of rectangular section (17) nailed respectively to the core of the joists (19) and to the core of the main wooden beams (9), placed in line with the facades and the split.

The particularity of the assembly gives the invention all its interest. The standard modular frames are separated from each other by an interval (18), the size of which can vary on request. This feature makes it possible to adapt the construction system, object of the invention, to the dimensions of any residential plan.

The construction system, object of the invention, is therefore modular, by the industrial manufacture of frames with standard dimensions; but it makes it possible to avoid, by the originality of the mounting process, all the constraints and disadvantages brought about by traditional modulation.

DREAM SHEET _ LAKE _V_E. \! T

Claims

1) Constructive system, by prefabricated modular frames, load-bearing or non-load-bearing, characterized in that the standard frames (1) and the event frames (2) which straddle, at the top and bottom, the wooden beams (9) forming horizontal load-bearing framework, are separated from each other by an interval (18), of variable size, allowing "play", to adapt, in all cases, to the various dimensions of a plane. The beams (9), constitutive of the construction system, fit into the forks (10) of the modular frames (1) and (2), by the extension of the cleats (7) beyond the crosspieces (4). At the corners, the uprights (3) are juxtaposed and fit (11) into each other. The beams (9) ensure their continuity, in the straight parts, by a bias cut (12) of the central core (6), and by the arrangement in offset coupes (13), of the cleats (7). The beams (9) ensure their continuity, in the corners, by pieces of wood (14), filling on either side of the central core, (6), between the battens (7). This assembly, by tenons and mortises, can be made in straight cuts (20) for straight angles (21), or in bias cuts (16), for any angles (15). The wooden floors, constitutive of the construction system, are formed by joists (19), which are fixed on the beams (9), by means of wooden elements (17). 2) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the I-shaped profile, used for the manufacture of vertical uprights (3) of modular frames, beams (9) and joists (19), is not limited to wood. It is also possible to use profiles having equivalent technical characteristics of: plastic, metal, glass fibers, lamella, concrete, compressed wood fibers or shavings, or any other material. These profiles can also be in the form of openwork trellis.

3) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the I-shaped profile, used for the manufacture of vertical uprights (3) modular frames, beams (9) and joists (19), peu¬ wind change, with regard to the height and width of the core (6), as well as the section of the cleats (7). This is to meet the material resistance standards, depending on the load cases encountered.

4) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical uprights (3) can be used as insulated posts, set up at fixed or variable intervals. These posts are then posi¬ tionned, vertically, one by one , by sealing. They straddle and at the head, the various elements serving as guide and retaining rail, such as low beams (8) and beams (9).

5) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the standard modular frames (1) and the bracing frames (2), can be placed side by side, or spaced by a fixed dimension interval.

6) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the facades and the splits can be prefabricated, in the workshop, with integration in the same finished set: standard modular frames (1), bracing frames ( 2), beams (9), insulation with vapor barrier, rain barrier, exterior and interior skins, openings, etc. This can be done in several ways. Either by rectilinear front panels, complete or partial, juxtaposed and assembled on site. Either by "elements" constituted by the preceding facade panels, assembled together, in ate¬ link, according to geometric configurations in L or U shape and may also include a part of the roof; all the façades of the building and the roof can then be produced on site by juxtaposition and assembly of several "elements". Or by a complete "box", made in the workshop, and representing the house as a whole, externally finished. The dimensions of these various prefabricated assemblies must be compatible with the transport jigs.

7) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized..en, -ce .que the process can be applied to constructions on the ground floor, or on several floors. In the latter case, the load-bearing structures constituted by the standard modular frames (1), the bracing frames (2), the horizontal beams (9) etc ... must be suitably sized, according to the forces which request them, for meet the material resistance standards.

8) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized by the 'possibility of fixing, by nailing or direct stapling, on the framework constituted by the frames (1) and (2), different skins. The outer skin can be produced in several ways. Either concrete, mortar, plaster, plaster, cob, insulating materials, paper pulp, earth, plastic, or any other material that can be sprayed on galvanized steel grids, on plastic clains or on compressed fiber panels with cement mortar. Either in flat tiles, slates, wooden tiles, stone or any other material that can be nailed on a bed, or on a continuous support in wooden panels. Either in wooden clains arranged horizontally or vertically. The inner skin can be made of wood panels, plasterboard, plaster-wood compounds, plastic panels, glass panels, or any other material constituting coatings, by dry manufac¬ turés products, distributed in plates to be fixed on load-bearing framework.

9) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal and sound insulation can be achieved in several ways. 5 Either inside the wall: by semi-rigid glass wool panels, by polystyrene panels or by any other insulating and rigid material; these panels are blocked against the central webs (6) and the cleats (7), which constitute the vertical uprights of the frames (3). Either on the inner skin, by a second layer of insulating panels, eliminating all _ηQ thermal bridges, and serving as support for the internal facing. But also on the wooden beams (9), by interposition at the core (6), of additional insulation, installed in the workshop. A poorly ventilated air space is left between the outer skin and the insulation between the frames.

10) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized by the pos-

-J5 sibility to use the construction process as cladding to fill facades. This can be achieved in the case of buildings with a traditional frame. These buildings must have their facades open, consisting only of load-bearing beams and load-bearing posts. Wooden beams (8) are fixed forming a guide and retaining rail, between two consecutive floors, high and low, on the peripheral edge of these. The standard modular wooden frames (1) are placed from the outside to the inside, straddling the guide rails. They are then fixed to them by nailing.

OF REP ACEMENT