EP0097102B1 - Construction process for buildings from wooden framed modular elements with incorporated insulation, and modular elements for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Method for constructing buildings having at least one level, from a lower floor, by means of panels placed side by side, erected on the floor, joined by tie rods (9, 15, 16) characterized by plant realizing : Composite panels each comprising one block of rock wool (2), two posts (3, 4) respectively secured to the vertical sides of said block of rock wool (2), said posts (3, 4) each having a thickness at least equal to that of the block of rock wool (2), one of said posts (3, 4) having a vertical side face including a longitudinal tongue and the other post having a vertical side face including a corresponding longitudinal groove, said posts (3, 4) having horizontal holes (30, 31) spaced in the vertical direction for passing said tie rods (9, 15, 16). Corner posts (14) with a groove and a tongue on two adjacent faces in correspondance with the grooves and tongues of the panels pierced with holes for passing said tie rods (9, 15, 16) in correspondence with the holes (30, 31) of the posts, and spot assembling the side by side erected panels and the corner posts (14) with the tie rods (9, 15, 16) introduced in the horizontal holes (30, 31) while reserving the apertures necessary to the doors and windows, and realizing an appropriate coating respectively on the inner and outer faces of the assembled panels.

Description

Method of constructing buildings from modular wooden frame elements with incorporated insulation, and modular elements for implementing this method.

The subject of the invention is an industrialized manufacturing method for wooden frame modules, with incorporated insulation of standard dimensions in width and variable dimensions in length. Intended for the construction of all individual houses, administrative buildings, collective on one or more levels, industrial, livestock and of variable height.

• 1° soit à l'aide de panneaux plus ou moins lourds où il faut deux à trois ouvriers pour la mise en place et où t'isolant est plus ou moins fragile aux intempéries,
• 2° où alors, en panneaux lourds (une façade de pavillon entière) où il faut des moyens de levage considérables donc coûteux et une préparation spéciale du chantier pour l'approche des véhicules.

To date, wood frame construction has been practiced in different ways:

• 1 ° either using more or less heavy panels where two to three workers are needed for the installation and where the insulation is more or less fragile in bad weather,
• 2 ° where then, in heavy panels (an entire pavilion facade) where considerable lifting means are therefore necessary and costly and a special preparation of the site for the approach of the vehicles.

With regard to the last enumeration (2 °), manufacturing is expensive and requires large investments, both in manufacturing buildings (large areas), as in handling and transport equipment (traveling crane, semi-trailer, truck crane) as well as labor.

The advantage of the process of the invention lies in the fact that it is a real revolution in wood frame construction, both by the raw material that composes the product (rigid rock wool panel, Density (MV): 180 kg / m ³ , and softwood of the country, dried and treated), only by its rapid assembly system on site (assembly by groove and tongue between panels and blocking between them by a system of metal tie rods in combination), only one crankshaft wrench, hammer and level are required as tools for assembly. In addition, the product of the invention (modulated panel) is relatively light. Example: the standard module, 2.50 m long, 0.60 m wide and 15 cm total thickness, weighs only 35.3 daN.

According to the invention, prefabricated panels are used in the workshop, each consisting of an insulating element consisting of at least one block of rock wool with a high density of the order of 0.18 while two uprights are fixed respectively by gluing to the vertical edges. of the insulating element, these uprights each having a thickness at least equal to that of the insulating element, an upright having a vertical lateral face having a longitudinal tongue and the other upright having on its vertical lateral face a corresponding longitudinal groove, at least said uprights being traversed by horizontal holes spaced vertically for the passage of tie rods.

Preferably, the insulating element consists of two parallel blocks separated by an air space into which the holes provided in the uprights open.

Prefabricated corner posts with grooves and tongues are also used on two adjacent faces in correspondence with the grooves and tongues of the panels, crossed by passage holes of the tie rods in correspondence with the holes of the uprights.

On the construction site, the erected, juxtaposed panels and the corner panels are assembled on a floor using the tie rods inserted in the horizontal holes, reserving the necessary openings for doors and windows, then an appropriate coating is made. respectively on the inner and outer faces of the assembled panels.

Preferably, the panels are produced by making grooves and tongues in the end faces of the uprights, and also low and high beams are produced having on a longitudinal face a tongue or a corresponding groove, the low beams are fixed to the floor, draw up the panels on these healds, cover the erected panels using the high healds.

• la figure 1 est une vue en élévation d'une partie d'un mur de bâtiment réalisé à l'aide de panneaux selon l'invention avec une ouverture ménagée pour une fenêtre,
• la figure 2 est une vue de dessus en coupe par un plan horizontal d'un angle d'un mur réalisé à l'aide de panneaux conformément à l'invention,
• la figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon A-A de la figure 1,
• la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon B-B de la figure 1,
• la figure 5 est une vue partielle en coupe selon C-C de la figure 1,
• la figure 6 est une vue partielle en coupe par un plan vertical d'un mur à l'emplacement d'une poutre d'un plancher,
• la figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'un panneau selon l'invention reposant sur une lisse basse,
• la figure 8 est une vue d'un tirant conforme à l'invention,
• la figure 9 est une vue éclatée montrant en perspective une partie extrême d'une poutre, une suspente de soutien de cette poutre et un mur selon l'invention représenté en trait interrompu destiné à être coiffé par la suspente.

We will now give, without limiting intention and without excluding any variant, a description during which other characteristics of the invention will appear. Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which:

• FIG. 1 is an elevation view of part of a building wall produced using panels according to the invention with an opening made for a window,
• FIG. 2 is a top view in section on a horizontal plane of an angle of a wall produced using panels according to the invention,
• FIG. 3 is a sectional view along AA of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view along BB of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view along CC of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 6 is a partial view in section through a vertical plane of a wall at the location of a beam of a floor,
• FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a panel according to the invention resting on a low rail,
• FIG. 8 is a view of a tie rod according to the invention,
• Figure 9 is an exploded view showing in perspective an end portion of a beam, a support hanger of this beam and a wall according to the invention shown in broken lines intended to be capped by the hanger.

• 1° poser un feutre bitumé 24, figure 4, sur la dalle en béton, bien droite et talochée 26, pour éviter les remontées d'humidité,
• 2° fixer la lisse basse 1 à l'aide de pointe acier sur la dalle béton, aux côtés du plan de pose. On peut faire le revêtement de sol (chape 27) avant la pose de la lisse 1. Dans ce cas, il faudra réserver l'emplacement de la lisse (fig. 4).

The construction process adapts to all types of support slab or floor (sub- floor with insulating floor, crawl space with insulating floor or median with insulating slab). In the case of industrial or livestock buildings, the bottom rail 1, Figure 4, can be attached to a reinforced concrete sill. Preparation for installation consists of:

• 1 ° place a bituminous felt 24, figure 4, on the concrete slab, very straight and floated 26, to avoid rising damp,
• 2 ° fix the base rail 1 using a steel point on the concrete slab, alongside the laying surface. You can make the floor covering (screed 27) before installing the beam 1. In this case, the location of the beam must be reserved (fig. 4).

The advantage of the process lies in the fact that the coefficient of acoustic and thermal insulation of a dwelling is considerably improved by means of the panels according to the invention (fig. 1, 2 and 7).

Each panel is composed of an insulating element 2, fig. 2, in rock wool, MV: 180 kg / m ³ , perfectly waterproof, non-flammable, perfect thermal and sound insulation. In addition, the mechanical strength of high density rock wool 2 ensures good bracing of the construction.

It is also composed of an upright 3 with tongue on its external lateral face remote from the insulating element, preferably made of local fir wood, dried and treated and of an upright 4 in the same wood with groove on its lateral face outside. Preferably, an internal shoulder 42 is provided on the internal face of the uprights 3, 4 to serve as a stiffener on the one hand and as a stop for the insulation on the other hand. The profile of the uprights 3 and 4 is one of the characteristics of the invention (see FIGS. 2 and 7).

• a) Une nappe de colle 19 polyuréthane est projetée sur la face des deux montants 3 et 4, côté épaulement, et ces derniers appliqués de chaque côté de l'isolant 2.
• b) On exerce une compression pendant 30 secondes, de façon à obtenir une meilleure pénétration de la colle 19, tout en veillant à ce que l'isolant 2 s'applique convenablement contre l'épaulement 42.
• c) Pendant ces 30 secondes sous la presse, le panneau étant constitué, une rainure 32, fig. 4, est aménagée en bout, dans la face extrême destinée à reposer sur une lisse basse 1, fig. 4. Le haut du panneau étant coupé d'équerre à la longueur prévue pour la construction.
• d) Pendant que le panneau est sous la presse, et à l'aide de deux perceuses de chaque côté du module, réglées à l'écartement voulu, on perce deux trous 30, fig. 2, sur le montant 4 à rainure (diamètre des trous supérieur à la tête du tirant 9) et deux trous 31, fig. 2, sur le montant 3 à languette (diamètre légèrement supérieur à la tige du tirant 9).

The panels are manufactured in the workshop as follows:

• a) A sheet of polyurethane adhesive 19 is sprayed onto the face of the two uprights 3 and 4, on the shoulder side, and the latter applied to each side of the insulator 2.
• b) A compression is exerted for 30 seconds, so as to obtain better penetration of the adhesive 19, while ensuring that the insulator 2 is properly applied against the shoulder 42.
• c) During these 30 seconds under the press, the panel being formed, a groove 32, fig. 4, is arranged at the end, in the end face intended to rest on a low rail 1, fig. 4. The top of the panel being cut square to the length provided for construction.
• d) While the panel is under the press, and using two drills on each side of the module, adjusted to the desired spacing, two holes 30 are drilled, fig. 2, on the upright 4 with groove (diameter of the holes greater than the head of the tie rod 9) and two holes 31, fig. 2, on the upright 3 with tongue (diameter slightly greater than the rod of the tie rod 9).

Benefits :

• 1 ° The industrial manufacture of the product of the invention (modular panel) can be done from a production line with several fully mechanized workstations, employing very little labor.
• 2 ° The attractive cost price resulting from this manufacturing makes it a competitive construction product on the building market.
• 3 ° In addition, the modular panel is manufactured in five dimensions only in width, to achieve all construction lengths to within 10 cm, which greatly limits the manufacturing stock.
• 4 ° We note that the shoulder 42, fig. 2, in abutment on the insulation protects an air space 17 which has a triple advantage:
  • a) to pass all electrical and other pipes without making trenches in the insulation (saving labor);
  • b) an air space slightly ventilated by the holes 33, fig. 1, made in the top rail, has the effect of removing the so-called “dew point” condensation, which results from the temperature difference between the outside and the inside;
  • c) an improvement in thermal insulation, since the air space is less than two centimeters. In the case of a multi-level construction, it can be seen that there is communication of the air knives with one another via the holes 33, fig. 6, therefore no thermal bridge at floor level. For super-insulation, it is possible to lay inside a glued plasterboard 12 on an insulator of the same composition as the modular panel is 2, fig. 2.

• une languette côté départ de la construction et une rainure côté arrivée,
• deux trous ménagés à chaque hauteur des tirants, l'un pour engager le tirant 16, fig. 2, de départ, et l'autre pour passer le tirant 15 d'arrivée. Ces trous sont percés à un diamètre légèrement supérieur à celui des tirants à engager, de façon qu'il n'y ait pas de serrage au moment du montage.

The invention provides for the use of corner posts 14, fig. 2, each presenting:

• a tongue on the start side of the construction and a groove on the finish side,
• two holes provided at each height of the tie rods, one for engaging the tie rod 16, fig. 2, starting, and the other to pass the finishing tie 15. These holes are drilled to a diameter slightly greater than that of the tie rods to be engaged, so that there is no tightening during assembly.

The process also provides for the fitting of window frames, windows and French windows, in order to incorporate them into the construction process (see Figures 1, 3, 4, 5).

• 1° une pièce d'appui 10 en bois exotique traité,
• 2° des tapées 6, fig. 3 et 5, en bois exotique traité et de largeur suffisante pour qu'un enduit 13 vienne s'appuyer dessus tout en restant en retrait d'un centimètre.
  • a) Les tapées verticales 6, fig. 5, viennent s'appuyer sur la pièce d'appui, et se visser dessus.
  • b) La tapée du haut 6, fig. 3, est vissée aux deux extrémités sur le bout des deux tapées verticales.
  • c) Un cadre (pièce d'appui 10, deux tapées verticales 6 et la tapée du haut 6) étant établi, on applique l'huisserie dessus et on la visse.
• 3° deux montants en sapin du pays séché et traité, dont l'un est avec une rainure du côté départ, et l'autre avec une languette, côté arrivée. Ces montants sont vissés sur les tapées 6, fig. 5. La longueur de ces montants est calculée de façon à transmettre la charge du linteau sur les montants 3 et 4 des modules de l'allège. Dans le cas d'une porte-fenêtre, les montants 5 transmettent les charges du linteau sur la lisse basse 1,
• 4° une traverse 8, fig. 3, en sapin du pays séché et traité, qui relie les deux montants 5 sur le dessus de l'huisserie, est vissée sur la tapée 6.
• 5° L'étanchéité 20, fig. 3, 4 et 5, de la menuiserie est assurée par des joints à la pompe que l'on applique :
  • a) sur les deux bouts de l'appui 10, fig. 4, avant le vissage des deux tapées verticales,
  • b) sur la longueur de l'appui 10, fig. 4, avant la pose de l'huisserie,
  • c) sur le champ de l'ensemble des tapées 6, fig. 3 et 5, avant la pose et le vissage de l'huisserie sur l'ensemble,
  • d) sur le pourtour des tapées 6 à l'angle des montants 5, fig. 5, et de la traverse 8, fig. 3, afin d'obtenir une étanchéité parfaite, malgré la dilatation possible entre les tapées 6 et l'enduit 13.
• 6° Sur les tapées verticales 6 seront vissés des gonds 43, fig. 5, à l'écartement désiré afin de poser les volets de clôture au choix du client.

The frames include:

• 1 ° a support piece 10 made of treated exotic wood,
• 2 ° of types 6, fig. 3 and 5, in treated exotic wood and of sufficient width for a coating 13 to come to rest on it while remaining set back by one centimeter.
  • a) The vertical taps 6, fig. 5, come to rest on the support piece, and screw on it.
  • b) The top tap 6, fig. 3, is screwed at both ends onto the end of the two vertical taps.
  • c) A frame (support piece 10, two vertical taps 6 and the top tap 6) being established, the frame is applied to it and screwed.
• 3 ° two uprights in dried and treated local fir, one of which is with a groove on the start side, and the other with a tongue, on the finish side. These amounts are screwed on the taps 6, fig. 5. The length of these uprights is calculated so as to transmit the load of the lintel on the uprights 3 and 4 of the modules of the sill. In the case of a French window, the uprights 5 transmit the loads of the lintel on the bottom rail 1,
• 4 ° a cross member 8, fig. 3, in dried and treated local fir, which connects the two uprights 5 on the top of the frame, is screwed onto the tapped 6.
• 5 ° The seal 20, fig. 3, 4 and 5, carpentry is provided by seals to the pump that are applied:
  • a) on the two ends of the support 10, fig. 4, before the two vertical taps are screwed in,
  • b) along the length of the support 10, fig. 4, before fitting the door frame,
  • c) on the field of all of the typed 6, fig. 3 and 5, before fitting and screwing the door frame onto the assembly,
  • d) on the periphery of the taps 6 at the corner of the uprights 5, fig. 5, and of the cross member 8, fig. 3, in order to obtain a perfect seal, despite the possible expansion between the tapping 6 and the coating 13.
• 6 ° On the vertical taps 6 will be screwed hinges 43, fig. 5, at the desired spacing in order to install the closing shutters at the customer's choice.

An advantage of the method is that the frame 7 is projecting relative to the uprights 5 of the thickness of a plasterboard 11 which allows to introduce it at the time of installation and thereby avoid installation a champlat or joint cover.

• 1° Deux pièces de bois 21 de sapin du pays séché et traité, mises à la côte d'épaisseur et de hauteur.
• 2° Ces deux pièces de bois 21 sont clouées et collées sur un contreplaqué 22 d'épaisseur minimum 12 mm (l'épaisseur du contreplaqué varie en fonction de la portée du linteau et de la surcharge).
• 3° La partie porteuse étant ainsi constituée, on colle à l'aide de colle polyuréthane 19 un élément isolant 23 de chaque côté. L'isolant est d'épaisseur égale et comble la différence pour que l'ensemble (élément porteur 22, 21 plus isolant) atteigne l'épaisseur totale du panneau modulé sans toutefois le dépasser. Le collage se fait sous presse pour une meilleure adhérence. L'isolant est de même nature 2, fig. 4, que celui des panneaux modulaires.
• 4° Le procédé prévoit l'usinage aux deux bouts du linteau, soit d'une rainure côté départ, soit d'une languette côté arrivée. On remarque également au centre et en partie basse du linteau un évidement ménagé dans le plan du contreplaqué 22 pour le passage du tirant 9, fig. 3.

The method provides for the manufacture of a lintel on opening, constituted as follows: FIG. 3

• 1 ° Two pieces of dried and treated country fir wood 21, placed side by side in thickness and height.
• 2 ° These two pieces of wood 21 are nailed and glued to a plywood 22 with a minimum thickness of 12 mm (the thickness of the plywood varies according to the span of the lintel and the overload).
• 3 ° The bearing part being thus constituted, an insulating element 23 is glued with polyurethane adhesive 19 on each side. The insulation is of equal thickness and makes up the difference so that the assembly (carrier element 22, 21 more insulating) reaches the total thickness of the modulated panel without however exceeding it. Bonding is done under press for better adhesion. The insulation is of the same type 2, fig. 4, as that of the modular panels.
• 4 ° The process provides for machining at both ends of the lintel, either a groove on the start side, or a tongue on the finish side. We also notice in the center and in the lower part of the lintel a recess made in the plane of the plywood 22 for the passage of the tie rod 9, fig. 3.

Such a lintel can be mass produced and it is easy to install on site because of its reasonable weight.

The method of the invention provides for double chaining of the construction using metal tie rods 16, 9, 15, fig. 2 and 8, on the height of a level.

• 1° un tirant départ 16, fig. 2 et 8, comportant un corps plein avec, d'un bout une tête d'arrêt, de l'autre un filetage intérieur en attente, et un trou correspondant au diamètre du tirant d'arrivée 15 pratiqué transversalement dans le corps plein,
• 2° un tirant intermédiaire 9 comportant une tige acier étiré avec un filetage d'un bout et une tête (par exemple six pans) avec un filetage en attente de l'autre, la tête étant solidaire de la tige,
• 3° un tirant d'arrivée 15 comportant une tige acier étiré avec un filetage d'un bout et une tête d'arrêt à six pans de l'autre. La longueur du tirant est appropriée au dernier panneau modulaire à bloquer.

Each tie consists of three elements:

• 1 ° a tie rod 16, fig. 2 and 8, comprising a solid body with a stop head at one end and a waiting internal thread on the other, and a hole corresponding to the diameter of the inlet tie rod 15 made transversely in the solid body,
• 2 ° an intermediate tie rod 9 comprising a drawn steel rod with a thread at one end and a head (for example a hexagon) with a thread awaiting the other, the head being integral with the rod,
• 3 ° a tie rod 15 comprising a drawn steel rod with a thread on one end and a hexagon stop head on the other. The length of the tie rod is appropriate for the last modular panel to be blocked.

This gives the advantage of chaining the building on two heights per construction level and avoiding any expansion due to temperature differences or deformations due to earthquakes. At the same time, the bracing is improved.

The advantage of the process also lies in the fact that it adapts to all types of wooden frame trusses (lost roof space or convertible roof space), of maximum range due to the resistance to vertical loads of the uprights 3 and 4, fig. 2, assembled two by two every 0.60 m, from axis to axis (width of the standard module).

• 1° Aux deux extrémités de la pièce de bois, ou de la poutre treillis 35 sera fixée une suspente 34, fig. 9. Cette opération se fera en usine.
• 2° Les murs étant réalisés en panneaux modulaires, on procède à la pose des pièces de bois ou des poutres treillis 35 en encastrant la suspente tous les 0,60 m, sur les montants 3 et 4 jumelés et en engageant l'âme de chaque suspente 40 entre les deux montants 3 et 4 en ayant fait au préalable le passage à l'aide d'une scie (voir fig. 9).
• 3° La pose des éléments porteurs étant finie, on procède à la pose de la lisse haute 1, fig. 6, que l'on cloue sur les montants 3 et 4, comprimant ainsi la platine 47 de la suspente sur les montants (des trous auront été aménagés 44, dans la suspente pour le passage des pointes 45). La lisse ainsi posée est prête à recevoir les panneaux 41, fig. 6, de l'étage. Un joint 19 peut être mis en place avant la pose de la lisse 1, fig. 6, afin d'éviter toute infiltration d'eau venant de l'extérieur. La platine 47 de la suspente 34 comporte une retombée de maintien 48 située à l'extrémité libre de la platine 47.
• 4° On peut procéder ensuite à la pose du plancher 36, fig. 6, qui peut être de compositions diverses (panneau particules, ou bois).
• 5° Le solivage 35 porte le plafond de l'étage inférieur suspendu par un fer 38 auquel s'accroche un rail 39. Une plaque de plâtre 37 est vissée à ce dernier.
• 6° Si l'on veut isoler entre les étages, on place l'isolant entre les pièces de bois ou poutres treillis sur les rails 39, avant la pose des plaques 37.

This increased resistance to vertical loads due to the process of the invention makes it possible to build several levels. In this case, the floor will consist of wooden joists for spans not exceeding 4.00 m or truss beams for large spans 35, fig. 6.

• 1 ° At the two ends of the piece of wood, or of the lattice beam 35 will be fixed a hanger 34, fig. 9. This operation will be carried out in the factory.
• 2 ° The walls being made of modular panels, we proceed to the installation of the pieces of wood or truss 35 by embedding the hanger every 0.60 m, on the amounts 3 and 4 paired and engaging the soul of each line 40 between the two uprights 3 and 4 having previously made the passage using a saw (see fig. 9).
• 3 ° The installation of the load-bearing elements being finished, we proceed to the installation of the top rail 1, fig. 6, which is nailed to the uprights 3 and 4, thus compressing the plate 47 of the hanger on the uprights (holes will have been arranged 44, in the hanger for the passage of the spikes 45). The rail thus laid is ready to receive the panels 41, fig. 6, upstairs. A seal 19 can be put in place before installing the heald 1, fig. 6, in order to avoid any infiltration of water coming from outside. The plate 47 of the hanger 34 has a holding drop 48 located at the free end of the plate 47.
• 4 ° The floor 36 can then be laid, fig. 6, which can be of various compositions (particle board, or wood).
• 5 ° The joist 35 carries the ceiling of the lower floor suspended by an iron 38 to which hangs che a rail 39. A plasterboard 37 is screwed to the latter.
• 6 ° If you want to insulate between the floors, place the insulation between the pieces of wood or lattice beams on the rails 39, before installing the plates 37.

• a) Le principe de pose directe sur les montants 3 et 4 des panneaux modulés est un avantage sérieux du fait que toute préparation est faite en usine.
• b) La conception de la suspente 34 avec son âme en équerre 40 reliant le corps à la platine, enveloppant la tête des montants 3 et 4, fait en sorte qu'il n'y a aucun risque d'articulation au niveau du support.
• c) Suppression du pont thermique au niveau du plancher du fait de la continuité des panneaux modulaires.

The following result follows:

• a) The principle of direct installation on the uprights 3 and 4 of the modulated panels is a serious advantage of the fact that all preparation is done in the factory.
• b) The design of the hanger 34 with its square core 40 connecting the body to the plate, enveloping the head of the uprights 3 and 4, ensures that there is no risk of articulation at the level of the support.
• c) Elimination of the thermal bridge at floor level due to the continuity of the modular panels.

After assembly, the walls are covered with a coating on their main exterior and interior faces.

• a) On fixe à l'aide d'une agrafeuse un treillis soudé, galvanisé, monté sur carton, sur les montants 3 et 4 jumelés.
• b) Dans les angles de la construction sont fixées des arêtes métalliques 46, fig. 2, pour renforcer l'arête et avoir un angle parfait.
• c) En partie basse et sur la lisse basse, on fixe une gouttière 25, fig. 4, qui facilite l'arrêt de l'enduit et forme goutte d'eau.
• d) Une fois ces opérations terminées, on projette un enduit mono-couche étanche. On peut aussi réaliser les revêtements extérieurs de différentes façons, étant donné que l'on peut clouer facilement sur les montants 3 et 4 : exemples (clin, lambris, etc...).

Outside, a plaster can be produced directly on the panels without any protection (bituminous felt or plastic sheet). We proceed as follows:

• a) A welded, galvanized mesh, mounted on cardboard, is fixed using a stapler on the twin uprights 3 and 4.
• b) In the corners of the construction are fixed metal edges 46, fig. 2, to strengthen the edge and have a perfect angle.
• c) In the lower part and on the lower rail, a gutter 25 is fixed, fig. 4, which makes it easier to stop the coating and forms a drop of water.
• d) Once these operations have been completed, a waterproof mono-layer coating is sprayed. One can also realize the external coverings in different ways, since one can easily nail on the amounts 3 and 4: examples (clapboard, paneling, etc ...).

Inside, generally, an ordinary plasterboard is screwed. In the case of super-insulation, a plasterboard can be laid with incorporated insulation. We can also put any decorations (paneling, plastics, etc ...). In the lower part, on the floor covering, we install the plinth 28 which we nail on the uprights 3 and 4

• 1° à la pose du poteau d'angle 14, fig. 2, en clouant un étrésillon de chaque côté de celui-ci, de la tête sur la lisse 1 afin de le maintenir d'aplomb ;
• 2° à l'engagement des tirants de départ 16 aux deux hauteurs (voir sur la fig. 1 le tirant 9), tout en engageant une cheville du même diamètre dans le trou 29 en attente pour le tirant 15 d'arrivée.
• 3° Ensuite, on procède à la pose des panneaux selon le plan de pose du chantier. Le sens de pose des panneaux est selon la flèche figure 2, de gauche à droite. On pose un panneau sur la lisse 1 et on le fait glisser vers le poteau en engageant les tirants 16 dans les trous 30 du montant à rainure. Cette opération faite, on cloue la base du montant 3 sur la lisse basse 1.
• 4° Ensuite, on engage un tirant 9 dans chaque trou 31 et on les visse dans les tirants 16 jusqu'à blocage. Et ainsi de suite jusqu'à une ouverture.
• 5° Dans le cas d'une fenêtre, et après avoir posé le panneau de largeur X, fig. 1, correspondant au plan de pose, on pose les panneaux d'allège en commençant par le panneau de largeur Y, fig. 1, de façon que la somme des largeurs X + Y représente la largeur standard Z entre axes de la trame.
• 6° Les panneaux d'allège étant posés, on procède à la pose du bloc fenêtre qu'on aplique sur l'allège après avoir mis un joint 20, fig. 4, sous la pièce d'appui 10, tout en l'appliquant également sur le montant 3 du panneau X.
• 7° Dans le cas d'une porte-fenêtre, il n'y a pas de panneaux d'allège, alors on bloque à l'aide du tirant 15, fig. 2, de longueur appropriée au panneau X, le jambage du bloc porte-fenêtre.
• 8° Ensuite, on pose le panneau linteau sur le bloc ouverture, toujours la rainure du côté départ.
• 9° Puis, on engage et on bloque le tirant 9, figures 1 et 3.
• 10° Ensuite, on pose le panneau X, ainsi de suite.
• 11° En arrivant à l'angle de la construction avec un panneau de dimension appropriée, on pose le poteau avec les deux tirants 16 engagés dans les trous correspondants.
• 12° L'assemblage étant fait, on procède à la pose des tirants 15 que l'on bloque. On est ainsi prêt à repartir sur l'autre façade, et ainsi de suite sur toutes les façades.

On site, assembly is done as follows. After installing the low beam 1, we proceed:

• 1 ° when fitting the corner post 14, fig. 2, by nailing a strut on each side of it, of the head on the stringer 1 in order to keep it plumb;
• 2 ° in the engagement of the starting tie rods 16 at the two heights (see in fig. 1 the tie rod 9), while engaging a dowel of the same diameter in the hole 29 waiting for the finish tie rod 15.
• 3 ° Then, the panels are installed according to the site installation plan. The direction of installation of the panels is according to the arrow in Figure 2, from left to right. A panel is placed on the rail 1 and it is slid towards the post by engaging the tie rods 16 in the holes 30 of the grooved upright. Once this is done, the base of the upright 3 is nailed to the bottom rail 1.
• 4 ° Then, a tie rod 9 is engaged in each hole 31 and they are screwed into the tie rods 16 until locking. And so on until an opening.
• 5 ° In the case of a window, and after having installed the panel of width X, fig. 1, corresponding to the installation plane, the lightening panels are laid, starting with the panel of width Y, fig. 1, so that the sum of the widths X + Y represents the standard width Z between axes of the frame.
• 6 ° The siding panels being installed, we proceed to the installation of the window block which we apply to the siding after having put a joint 20, fig. 4, under the support piece 10, while also applying it to the upright 3 of the panel X.
• 7 ° In the case of a French window, there are no lighter panels, so we block using the tie rod 15, fig. 2, of appropriate length to panel X, the jamb of the French window unit.
• 8 ° Then, we put the lintel panel on the opening block, always the groove on the start side.
• 9 ° Then, engage and block the tie 9, Figures 1 and 3.
• 10 ° Then, we put the panel X, so on.
• 11 ° Arriving at the corner of the construction with a panel of appropriate size, the post is placed with the two tie rods 16 engaged in the corresponding holes.
• 12 ° The assembly being made, one proceeds to the installation of the tie rods 15 which one blocks. We are thus ready to leave on the other facade, and so on on all facades.

Thanks to the common materials used, their preparation in the workshop, their light weight, the assembly technique on site, the possible adaptation to constructions of all kinds, thermal, sound and acoustic insulation, with low resources in material for laying, at the speed thereof, the process is extremely advantageous. It allows the use of local labor without much experimentation.

The use of the panels is multiple and the list made on page 1 is not exhaustive. Any modification of details may be made to the process without thereby modifying the spirit of the invention. Thus, the density of rock wool is not limited to 180 kg / m ³ , but may have higher or lower values, the value of approximately 180 kg / m ³ to 190 kg / m ³ corresponding to a optimum lightness to strength ratio. As with the uprights, the wood material used is not limited to fir; thus, any type of softwood can be used.

It is possible, for example, to use an insulating element 2 constituted by two parallel blocks separated by an air space 49 (FIG. 7) into which the holes 30, 31 provided for the passage of the tie rods pass through the uprights 3 , 4. It is preferable in this case to provide on the inner lateral face of the uprights 3, 4 a shoulder central raised relief 50 serving to support the two insulating blocks.

The uprights 3, 4 can have a thickness equal to that of the insulating element 2 so as to have flush surfaces but it is often preferable to use uprights 3, 4 thicker to reveal at least one internal shoulder 42 on their inner faces to serve as a support for at least one main face of the insulating element 2. However, the excess thickness of the uprights 3, 4 can be distributed on either side of the panel and interior shoulders 42 may exist on one side and on the other for the two main faces of the insulating element.

Claims (11)

1. Method for constructing buildings having at least one level, from a lower floor, by means of panels placed side by side, erected on the floor, joined by tie rods (9, 15, 16) characterised by plant realizing :

Composite panels each comprising one block of rock wool (2), two posts (3, 4) respectively secured to the vertical sides of said block of rock wool (2), said posts (3, 4) each having a thickness at least equal to that of the block of rock wool (2), one of said posts (3, 4) having a vertical side face including a longitudinal tongue and the other post having a vertical side face including a corresponding longitudinal groove, said posts (3, 4) having horizontal holes (30, 31) spaced in the vertical direction for passing said tie rods (9, 15, 16).

Corner posts (14) with a groove and a tongue on two adjacent faces in correspondence with the grooves and tongues of the panels pierced with holes for passing said tie rods (9, 15, 16) in correspondence with the holes (30, 31) of the posts, and spot assembling the side by side erected panels and the corner posts (14) with the tie rods (9, 15, 16) introduced in the horizontal holes (30, 31) while reserving the apertures necessary to the doors and windows, and realizing an appropriate coating respectively on the inner and outer faces of the assembled panels.

2. Method according to claim 1 characterised by realizing the panels while providing grooves and tongues in the end faces of the posts (3, 4) and realizing also upper and lower lists (1) having a tongue or a corresponding groove on one longitudinal face, fixing the lower lists to the floor, erecting the panels on said lists, overlapping the erected panels with said upper lists.

3. Method according to claim 1 characterised by plant realizing lintels each comprising a back of plywood core (22), two pieces of wood (21) secured on the two main opposite faces of said core, insulating elements (23) respectively secured to the pieces of wood (21), the total thickness being equal to that of the panels and at least one horizontal hole (9) being provided between the pieces of wood (21) within the plane of the core (22) for passing a tie rod.

4. Method according to claim 1 wherein square suspension posts having a body (34) adapted to receive an end portion of a beam (35) and a plate (47) provided for bearing on the upper surface of two attached panels are used for supporting the beams (35) of a floor, said plate (47) being provided with holes (44) permitting the nail holding of the upper list (1) bearing on said attached panels characterised by using suspension posts wherein the body (34) and the plate (47) are joined by a core (40) adapted to be introduced in a transverse slit spot realized between the assembled posts (3, 4) of two attached panels.

5. Method according to claim 4 characterised by using suspension posts having a plate (47) extended with a supporting falling-back (48).

6. Method according to claim 1 characterised by using tie rods each comprising a starting tie rod (16) including a plain body with, at one end, a stop head, at the other end, an inner waiting threading, a hole 29 transverse to the body and corresponding in diameter to the rod of the tie rod (15), a tie rod (9) comprising a elongated steel rod with a threading at one end, and a head (for example six sided) with a waiting threading at the other end, the head being secured to the rod, an end tie rod (15) comprising an elongated steel rod with a threading at one end and a stop flat head secured to the rod at the other end.

7. Prefabricated panel for carrying out the method according to any one'of claims 1 to 6 comprising an insulating element, characterised in that said insulating element (2) is formed of at least one block of rock wool of high density in the range of 0,18 while two posts (3, 4) are respectively secured by sticking to the vertical sides of the insulating element (2), said posts (3, 4) each having a thickness at least equal to that of the insulating element (2), a posts (3) having a vertical side face comprising a longitudinal tongue and the other post comprising a corresponding longitudinal groove on its vertical side face, at least said posts (3, 4) being pierced with horizontal holes (30, 31) spaced in the vertical direction for passing tie rods.

8. Panel according to claim 7 wherein said insulating element (2) comprises two parallel blocks separated by an air blade (49) wherein the holes (30, 31) provided for the posts (3, 4) open.

9. Panel according to claim 8 characterised in that the face in contact with the insulating element of each post (3, 4) includes a central shoulder (50) acting as bearing surface for the parallel insulating blocks.

10. Panel according to anyone of claims 8 and 9 characterised in that the posts (3, 4) have a thickness larger than that of the insulating element, the exceeding thickness being distributed on one or the other main face of the panel.

11. Panel according to claim 10 characterised in that the inner face of the posts (3,4) includes at least one inner shoulder (42) acting as bearing surface for the insulating element (2).

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