EP0158578B1 - Wall for a prefabricated construction, and prefabricated construction using such a wall - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A wall for a prefabricated construction consisting essentially of a galvanized sectional metallic armature (1) having, at regular intervals, undulations in the form of grooves which determine the thickness of the armature (1), of an internal panel (3), of an external insulating layer (5) and of an external finishing coat (6), characterized in that the metallic armature (1) is gripped, at its upper and lower ends, between two clamping rails (2), an upper one and a lower one, which are connected to one another by means of through galvanized tie-rods (2') for the vertical connection, in that the internal panel (3) is made of plywood or in the form of chip board, is fixed to the armature (1) to stiffen it and forms a wind bracing of said armature (1), in that the armature (1) is further provided with an internal insulation and coating complex (4) fixed to the stiffening panel (3), and in that the vertical edges of the armature (1) are provided with small metallic plates (7) provided with holes (8) which are aligned vertically and adaptated for the passage of rods (9) for connecting said vertical edges of the walls to form the angles of the construction.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of construction, in particular the construction of prefabricated individual houses, and relates to a wall intended for this purpose.

The invention also relates to a prefabricated construction constituted by such walls.

Currently, the walls for such constructions are generally produced, either in the form of reinforced concrete wall sections, or in the form of wooden frame walls, insulation being inserted into the frame or applied to the latter. In the case of reinforced concrete sections, the insulation can also be integrated or be installed as a finishing work. Finally, the exterior coatings are applied either directly during the manufacture of the wall sections or the walls, or can also be applied as a finishing work.

These embodiments of known walls generally give good results, but, however, they impose a limitation of dimension of the prefabricated elements in length requiring a modular construction, which involves major jointing and / or assembly works incompatible with a low cost price.

In addition, this need for making joints and vertical assemblies also leads to an increased risk of formation of thermal bridges detrimental to optimal insulation, and external insulation is never provided. Likewise, cracks frequently appear on the exterior coating.

DE-A-2 507 090 also discloses a plate-shaped building element comprising a metal frame in the form of a profiled sheet at regular intervals, having corrugations in the form of grooves, the height of these corrugations determining the reinforcement thickness. This frame is further covered on its inner face with a plate and on its outer face with an insulation layer provided with a finishing layer. The assembly of the panel described by this document is carried out by screwing the various constituent elements. The panel described in DE-A-2 507 090 is in fact rather a cladding panel than a wall element for a prefabricated construction, intended for the production of load-bearing walls.

The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.

Its purpose is in fact a wall for prefabricated construction, of the type described in DE-A-2 507 090, essentially constituted by a galvanized profiled metal frame, having, at regular intervals, corrugations in the form of grooves, which determine the thickness of the reinforcement, by an internal plate, by an external insulation layer, and by an external finishing plaster, characterized in that the metal reinforcement is clamped, at its upper and lower ends, between two rails of upper and lower chaining which are connected to each other by means of through galvanized vertical tie rods, in that the inner plate is made of plywood or in the form of a particle board, is fixed to the frame for its stiffening and forms a bracing of said reinforcement, in that the reinforcement is provided, in addition, with an insulation complex and interior coating fixed on the stiffening plate, and in that the edges ver The frames of the frame are provided with metal plates provided with vertically aligned holes, intended for the passage of connecting rods of said vertical edges of the walls to form the angles of the construction.

The invention also relates to a prefabricated construction, characterized in that it is essentially constituted by prefabricated walls according to the invention assembled at their vertical ends by means of connecting rods cooperating with the aligned holes of the metal plates of the vertical ends of each wall to form the angles of the construction, this assembly then being embedded, in common with angle reinforcement, in concrete poured into the lost formwork formed by the wall elements fixed to the frame and by the reinforcement itself, the assembly of these angles can also be achieved by means of cleats screwed together, by means of fixing the walls on the floor slab, and by devices for fixing the ceiling slab or the roof.

• la figure 1 est une vue en élévation latérale et en coupe d'une paroi conforme à l'invention;
• la figure 2 est une vue partielle en plan et en coupe, à plus grande échelle, d'un assemblage de parois suivant un angle sortant;
• la figure 3 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 2 d'un assemblage de parois suivant un angle rentrant;
• la figure 4 est une vue en élévation latérale et en coupe d'une paroi au niveau d'une ouverture de fenêtre, et montrant la fixation de la paroi sur la dalle;
• la figure 5 est une vue en plan et en coupe au niveau de l'assemblage entre une paroi extérieure et une paroi formant mur de refend;
• la figure 6 est une vue partielle en élévation et en coupe montrant la fixation sur la dalle du mur de refend;
• la figure 7 est une vue partielle en perspective d'un dispositif de fixation d'une dalle de plafond ou de la toiture;
• les figures 8 et 9 représentent des variantes de réalisation de la paroi, en plan et en coupe;
• les figures 10 et 11 sont des vues en coupe suivant A-A et B-B des figures 8 et 9, et

The invention will be better understood from the following description, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of examples and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:

• Figure 1 is a side elevational view in section of a wall according to the invention;
• Figure 2 is a partial plan view and in section, on a larger scale, of an assembly of walls at an outgoing angle;
• Figure 3 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 of an assembly of walls at a re-entrant angle;
• Figure 4 is a side elevational view in section of a wall at a window opening, and showing the fixing of the wall on the slab;
• Figure 5 is a plan view in section at the assembly between an outer wall and a wall forming a cross wall;
• Figure 6 is a partial elevational view in section showing the attachment to the slab of the cross wall;
• Figure 7 is a partial perspective view of a device for fixing a ceiling tile or the roof;
• Figures 8 and 9 show alternative embodiments of the wall, in plan and in section;
• FIGS. 10 and 11 are sectional views along AA and BB of FIGS. 8 and 9, and

Figure 12 is a partial perspective view, on a larger scale of a frieze fixing device.

According to the invention, and as shown more particularly, by way of example, Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings, the wall for prefabricated construction is essentially constituted by a profiled metal frame 1, which is clamped at its upper edges and lower between two stringers 2 by means of through tie rods 2 '. On its internal face, the frame 1 is provided with an internal stiffening plate 3, made of plywood or in the form of a particle board, and on this plate 3 is fixed, for example by nailing, an insulation complex 4 and interior plaster. On the outer face of the frame 1 is bonded an outer insulation layer 5, which is fixed, moreover, on the chaining beams 2, this layer 5 being covered with an outer finishing coating 6. Finally, the vertical edges of the frame 1 are provided with metal plates 7, fixed to said edges and each provided with a hole 8 aligned with that of the other plates 7 (Figures 2 and 3), these holes 8 being intended for the passage of rods 9 of connecting said vertical edges of the walls to form the corners of the construction.

The frame 1 is advantageously constituted by a galvanized metal sheet having, at regular intervals, corrugations in the form of grooves, which determine the thickness of the frame 1, and on its face facing outwards it is provided with perforations obliques (not shown) not deburred, made by punching. Thanks to this embodiment, it is possible to obtain a large air space in the wall itself, and therefore to eliminate any condensation, harmful for energy savings. In addition, thanks to the oblique perforations, the bonding effect of the outer insulation layer 5 is improved, the adhesive advantageously penetrating said perforations to bind intimately with the frame 1. The mounting of the layer 5 in the outer part of the wall according to the invention allows thermal insulation to be obtained which is clearly superior to that of traditional walls.

Finally, the corrugated longitudinal section of the frame 1 allows the differential expansions of the constituent elements of the wall to be absorbed without risk of cracking.

The chaining beams 2 have, on the one hand, on their face facing the frame 1, a longitudinal groove 14 for housing the upper or lower edge of the frame 1, and on their opposite face, another longitudinal groove 15 of smaller dimension intended to cooperate with cleats 16 for holding and positioning the wall on the floor slab (FIGS. 4 and 6) or with a base of a device 13 for fixing the ceiling slab or the roof, and, on the other hand, inside the groove 14 for housing the armature 1, a third longitudinal groove of small section 17 connecting together the free spaces formed in the armature 1. The heddles 2 are provided, in addition, at regular intervals, holes 18 connecting together the longitudinal grooves 15 and 17 of their opposite faces and intended for the passage of the galvanized tie rods 2 'for assembling the heddles 2 on the frame 1, as well as for promoting the air circulation in said frame 1.

The internal stiffening plate 3, made of plywood, or in the form of a particle board, or also made of asbestos-cement, is fixed to the corrugations in the form of ribs of the frame 1 by means of screws, or the like, and between the plate 3 and the ribs of the frame 1 is stretched a polyane film 3 'improving the sound insulation and serving as a vapor barrier.

The insulation and interior plaster complex 4 fixed to the plate 3 can be constituted by a polystyrene or glass wool or rock wool plate secured on its external face with a plasterboard allowing obtaining a face internal wall completely finished ready to receive a coating.

The outer insulation layer 5 is advantageously constituted by a polystyrene plate, and the outer coating 6 can be a coating of a type known per se, two layers of glass fibers being preferably applied as an undercoat on the layer 5 in order to achieve its protection against shocks.

The frame 1 is preferably cut to dimensions corresponding to the final dimensions of the wall to be produced. However, in the case of walls provided with door or window openings, the frame 1 is made of several elements arranged as a function of said openings and overlapping on at least one corrugation, the frame 19 of the door or of the window being placed by its uprights in the empty space corresponding to the thickness of the frame 1 and its crosspieces being clamped, on the one hand, at the upper part against the frame 1, and, on the other hand, to the lower part against a threshold or a window sill 20 fixed to the lower part of the frame 1 by means of a profiled element 21 secured to said frame 1 (FIG. 4), the tightening of the rails 2 by means of the tie rods 2 'causing the tightening of the frame 19. In the case of mounting a window, the window shelf 22 is fixed, in a manner known per se, under the standing frame 19 or in a groove in the lower cross member of the latter, its support can be provided by one or more brackets 23 (Figure 4).

For the production of cross walls (Figure 5), the wall is only constituted by a frame 1 clamped between two beams 2 and whose vertical ends are fixed in wooden uprights 24, by a polyane film 25 stretched over the corrugations in ribs of the frame 1, and by two complexes 4 of insulating and coated material fixed on either side of the frame 1. Such an embodiment of the cross walls makes it possible to significantly improve their sound insulation compared to traditional partitions thanks to the polyane film.

The fixing of the external wall walls thus obtained is advantageously carried out by means of lag screws 12 (FIG. 4) passing through the floor slab and penetrating into the holes 18 of the bottom rails and of positioning battens 16, while the walls forming the split walls are maintained and positioned only by means of cleats 16, and assembled with the outer walls by means of screws, lag screws, or spikes 26 preferably passing through a rib-shaped corrugation of the reinforcement 1 and cooperating with an upright 24 (Figure 5).

The device 13 for fixing the ceiling tile or the roof is advantageously constituted by a galvanized metal stirrup provided with a base which is housed in the longitudinal groove 15 of the top rail 2, the stirrup being used for fixing a joist for building a wooden ceiling tile, or a roof truss.

In accordance with another characteristic of the invention, and as shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 of the appended drawings, the wall is provided with an exterior finishing coating 28 and / or interior 29 in the form of wooden friezes fixed on the armature 1 by hooking in hooks 30 of a fastening device 31 secured to the armature 1 by means of wooden battens 32.

The fixing device 31 (FIG. 12) is in the form of a galvanized profiled metal element, the hooks 30 for hooking the friezes 28, 29 are advantageously stamped. Thanks to this embodiment, it is possible to produce an exterior and / or interior finish in wood, by horizontal hooking of the friezes from the bottom to the top, their interlocking ensuring their maintenance, only the highest friezes having to be fixed by nailing or screwing.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to produce prefabricated constructions having outgoing (Figure 2) or re-entering (Figure 3) angles, the assembly of the walls at these angles being effected by means of a connecting rod 9 passing through the aligned holes 8 of the plates 7 of the vertical ends of the frame 1, the assembly being embedded in concrete 10 poured into the lost formwork formed by the wall elements constituting the angle and by the frame 1 itself , an angle reinforcement 11 being embedded in the formwork, the assembly of these angles can also be achieved by means of cleats screwed together.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the holes 18 of the bottom rails 2 are in communication with the space under the floor slab by means of holes provided in the latter, in order to allow air circulation through the wall without contact with outside air.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to carry out a prefabrication of individual houses practically entirely in the workshop, sheltered from the weather with minimal labor and time expenditure, and to significantly reduce the assembly times on site. .

The metal frame allows the production of perfectly rigid large walls which can therefore serve as load-bearing walls in all circumstances. In addition, the vacuum existing between two successive undulations of the frame 1 allows the passage of water pipes, electrical sheaths, etc., and a technical connection, or the installation of a power outlet, is easily achievable without damaging the wall or the slab.

In addition each wall can be positioned according to the wishes of the user, and the air circulation between the cellar or the crawl space located under the floor slab and the attic through the voids provided by the thickness of the armature ensures optimal ventilation of the walls as well as a heating of this ventilation air resulting in a calorific loss of the walls.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements, or by substitution of technical equivalents, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the invention, which is determined by the content of the claims.

Claims (13)

1. A wall for a prefabricated construction consisting essentially of a galvanized sectional metallic armature (1) having, at regular intervals, undulations in the form of grooves which determine the thickness of the armature (1), of an internal panel (3), of an external insulating layer (5) and of an external finishing coat (6), characterised in that the metallic armature (1) is gripped, at its upper and lower ends, between two clamping rails (2), an upper one and a lower one, which are connected to one another by means of through galvanized tie-rods (2') for the vertical connection, in that the internal panel (3) is made of plywood or in the form of chip board, is fixed to the armature (1) to stiffen it and forms a wind bracing of said armature (1), in that the armature (1) is further provided with an internal insulation and coating complex (4) fixed to the stiffening panel (3), and in that the vertical edges of the armature (1) are provided with small metallic plates (7) provided with holes (8) which are aligned vertically and adapted for the passage of rods (9) for connecting said vertical edges of the walls to form the angles of the construction.

2. A wall according to claim 1, characterised in that the armature (1) is provided, on its face turned towards the outside, with non-deburred oblique perforations made by punching.

3. A wall according to Claim 1, characterised in that the clamping rails (2) comprise, on the one hand, on their face turned towards the armature (1), a longitudinal seating groove (14) for the upper or lower edge of the armature (1), and, on their opposite face, another longitudinal groove (15) of smaller dimensions adapted to cooperate with battens (16) for holding and positioning the wall on the floor slab or with a base of a device (13) for fixing the ceiling or roof slab, and, on the other hand, inside the seating groove (14) for the armature (1), a third longitudinal groove of small section (17) connecting to one another the free spaces formed in the armature (1).

4. A wall, according to any one of the Claims 1 and 3, characterised in that the rails (2) are further provided, at regular intervals, with perforations connecting to one another the longitudinal grooves (15) and (17) of their opposite faces and adapted for the passage of galvanized tie-rods (2') for assembling the rails (2) on the armature (1) as well as to encourage the circulation of air in said armature (1).

5. A wall according to Claim 1, characterised in that the internal stiffening panel (3), of plywood or in the form of chip board or again consisting of asbestos cement, is fixed to the undulations in the form of ribs of the armature (1) by means of screws or the like and stretched between the panel (3) and the ribs of the armature (1) is a film of polyane (3') improving the sound insulation and serving as a vapour shield.

6. A wall according to Claim 1, characterised in that, in the case of walls equipped with door or window openings, the armature (1) is made of a plurality of elements disposed depending on said openings and overlapping over at least one undulation, the frame (19) of the door or of the window being placed by its uprights in the empty space corresponding to the thickness of the armature (1) and its transoms being clamped, on the one hand, at the upper portion, against the armature (1) and, on the other hand, at the lower portion, against a door sill or a window sill (20) fixed to the lower portion of the armature (1) by means of a sectional element (21) rigidly connected to said armature (1), the tightening of the rails (2) by means of the tie-rods (2') causing the clamping of the frame (19).

7. A wall according to Claim 1, characterised in that for the construction of partition walls, it consists solely of an armature (1) clamped between two clamping rails (2) and the vertical ends of which are fixed in wooden uprights (24), of a film of polyane (25) stretched over the undulations in the form of ribs of the armature (1) and of two complexes (4) of insulating material and coating fixed at each side of the armature (1).

8. A wall according to any one of the Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the device (13) for fixing the ceiling or roof slab advantageously consists of a galvanized metallic stirrup provided with a base seated in the longitudinal groove (15) of the upper rail (2), the stirrup serving to fix a ceiling joist for the constitution of a wooden ceiling or of a small roof girder.

9. A wall according to Claim 1, characterised in that it is provided with an external (28) and/or internal (29) finishing covering in the form of wooden boards fixed to the armature (1) by hooking into hooks (3) of a fixing device (31) rigidly connected to the armature (1) by means of wooden battens (32).

10. A wall according to Claim 9, characterised in that the fixing device (31) is in the form of a galvanized sectional metallic element of which the hooks (30) for hooking the boards (28, 29) are preferably stamped.

11. A prefabricated construction characterised in that it consists essentially of prefabricated walls according to any one of the Claims 1 to 10, assembled at the level of their vertical ends by means of connecting tie-rods (9) cooperating with the aligned holes (8) of the small metallic plates (7) of the vertical ends of each wall to form the angles of the construction, this assembly then being embedded, together with the angle reinforcement (11), in concrete (10) cast in the lost shuttering formed by the wall elements fixed to the armature (1) and by the armature (1) itself, the assembly of these angles being likewise able to be effected by means of battens screwed together, of means (12) for fixing the walls to the floor slab and of devices (13) for fixing the ceiling or roof slab.

12. A construction according to Claim 11, characterised in that its fixing is preferably effected by means of anchor bolts (12) passing through the floor slab and penetrating into the perforations (18) in the lower rails and positioning battens (16) while the walls forming the partition walls are held and positioned solely by means of battens (16) and assembed with the external walls by means of screws, of anchor bolts or of brads (26) preferably passing through an undulation in the form of a rib of the armature (1) and cooperating with an upright (24).

13. A construction according to any one of the Claims 11 and 12, characterised in that the perforations (18) of the lower rails (2) are in communication with the space below the floor slab by means of perforations provided in the latter in order to permit a circulation of air through the wall without contact with the outside air.

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