EP1941104A1

EP1941104A1 - New type of building, method and means for erecting it

Info

Publication number: EP1941104A1
Application number: EP06807599A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Christian Ferriere
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-10-27
Filing date: 2006-10-27
Publication date: 2008-07-09
Anticipated expiration: 2026-10-27
Also published as: EP1941104B1; CA2625825C; US20090300999A1; MA29878B1; FR2892736A1; FR2892736B1; BRPI0618035B1; CN101573495B; BRPI0618035A2; WO2007048836A1; US8033062B2; TNSN08166A1; CA2625825A1; CN101573495A

Abstract

The residential building whose majority of components are prefabricated in a factory, comprises a foundation (1) supporting a bed, walls erected on the bed, a ceiling supported on the walls and a roof supported on the walls, characterized, in essence, in that the foundation (1) is constituted of foundation blocks (10) that are cast on-site, in appropriate excavations, joints by forms of stringers (11) also cast on-site in appropriate excavations and that each foundation block (10) is provided with a vertical pillar (12) prefabricated in a factory and comprising a horizontal upper planar face, the upper planer faces of the pillars (12) of the foundation being arranged along the same horizontal plane and receiving while supporting, at a distance from the ground, the bed of the building. The invention also relates to a method and means used for realizing the wall elements manually or automatically in a continuous manner.

Description

NEW TYPE OF BUILDING, METHOD AND MEANS FOR CARRYING OUT IT.

Technical area

The present invention is in the field of techniques used in the construction of buildings for residential use.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a new type of building, most of the components, about 80% including the second work is prefabricated in the factory.

The present invention also relates to the means used both for the manufacture of components for the erection of the building.

State of the art

Traditionally, residential buildings, such as single-family houses or small collectives are made on site by assembling various building materials. Thus are used for the construction of walls or partitions, bricks or blocks, for the realization of the closures of the building, prefabricated frames and for the realization of the roof, structural elements such as prefabricated farmhouses adapted to support a blanket in tiles.

The construction of a building for residential use therefore involves several trades who must intervene on site according to a pre-established schedule which takes into account on the one hand the order of intervention of these different bodies. occupation and the duration of intervention of each of them.

This widely used procedure is subject, most of the time, climatic hazards that interrupt for a longer or shorter period, including the construction of external walls and the roof. These uncontrollable delays disrupt the scheduling plan by shifting the intervention periods of trades to the risk that one of them is unavailable for the required period.

The cost of construction is directly related on the one hand to the degree of competence of the staff employed and the quality of construction materials used. Usually the cost of labor and contracting represents 70 to 80% of the total cost while the materials represent only 20 to 30% of the cost of construction.

Another factor that affects the cost of construction is the level of protection against natural disasters that construction can ensure, because of its design, its occupants.

Thus constructions that can provide a high degree of protection against fire, earthquakes, cyclones and others are particularly expensive and consequently inaccessible to people with modest incomes.

It is known to manufacture in the factory housing modules and assemble thereafter these modules on the site. The manufacture of these modules in the factory allows the manufacturer to overcome climatic hazards and the box design of the various modules gives them a high resistance to natural disasters. However this constructive mode offers few architectural variations so that few models of housing can be proposed. Furthermore the dimensions of each box are limited by the constraints of a transport under road gauge.

It is also known from the state of the art of building manufacturing processes which consist of the erection of a bearing frame on a horizontal slab formed in situ and fixing to this framework of prefabricated panels in the factory. The problem with this type of construction is its low resistance to earthquakes unless metal frames are used.

Also known from the state of the art prefabricated buildings laid on foundations also prefabricated. Such a state of the art can be illustrated in particular by patent application US 2001/0023563 (PHILIPPS) relating to a permanent foundation for a prefabricated house. This permanent foundation consists of reinforced concrete beams of inverted T-shaped straight section arranged in the ground, not in a mesh but parallel to each other at regular intervals. These beams are not joined to each other and can not give the foundation all the rigidity it must present.

It is also known from the Australian application AU 27958 (SIGAL) a building comprising a peripheral foundation and studs 11 implanted in the earth in the space delimited by the foundation. But these pads are not related to the peripheral foundation and can not constitute with the latter a rigid mesh in one piece. Such an arrangement is not likely to achieve an anchoring in the ground, dimensionally stable, able to withstand the weight load that the building represents and able to withstand mechanical seismic shaking.

Also known from US Patent 6,085,432 (VAN DER SLUIS) a positioning device adapted to give a specific orientation to an amount provided to receive a pylon. This device is not intended to place the top face of the upright horizontally.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned problems by implementing a building whose components are largely prefabricated in the factory and assembled on site to reduce construction costs and get rid of climate hazards. .

Another object of the present invention is the implementation of a building that can withstand natural disasters without constructive extra cost.

Another object of the present invention is the implementation of a building whose assembly of the elements on the site can be carried out without traditional knowledge using methods and (s) tools adapted to the constraints of the construction site.

Another object of the present invention is to significantly reduce the manufacturing time of the building.

Another object of the present invention is the integration, at a height equal to at least 80%, of the second work of the construction.

For this purpose the building for residential use in particular whose components are predominantly prefabricated in the factory, including a foundation supporting a building base, walls erected on the seat, a ceiling resting on the walls and a roof supported on the walls, is essentially characterized in that the foundation consists of foundation blocks cast on site in appropriate excavations, rigidly joined by forms of stringers also cast on site in appropriate excavations and that each foundation block is equipped with a vertical pillar, prefabricated in the factory, having an upper horizontal flat face, the upper planar faces of the various pillars of the foundation being all arranged in a same horizontal plane above the ground and are supported, at a distance from the ground, the base of the building and each vertical pillar being rigidly fixed to the foundation block which carries it.

The shapes of longitudinal members will be organized according to a mesh forming rows and columns, the blocks being arranged at the intersection of said rows and columns. The various elements of this foundation (sills and blocks) are firmly connected to each other and form a rigid unit in one piece anchored in the ground capable of distributing the loads and withstand without breaking the seismic shocks.

An advantage of this provision is to move away from the ground, the foundation of the construction. This creates a crawl space between the floor and the foundation of the building. Another advantage of this arrangement is to limit the extent of the contact areas between the ground and the seat to be able to dispose at these mechanical contacts, means for limiting or absorbing the seismic energy that can be transmitted by the ground. According to another characteristic of the invention, the pillars are placed on site and set adequate height before casting the shapes of longrins and blocks of the foundation. In this way, the prefabricated pillars can be taken by their lower zone in the concrete constitutive blocks that support them.

To reinforce the anchoring of the pillars to their blocks, the internal metal frame of each pillar, according to another aspect of the invention, emerges vertically from the underside of the pillar to be taken in the concrete of the corresponding block. This provides a particularly strong attachment of the pillars to their blocks.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the seat is constituted by a seat frame organized according to a mesh and a floor resting on the seat frame and fixed rigidly to the latter. The seat frame is constituted by prefabricated longitudinal beams, prestressed, resting at their ends on the vertical pillars, fixed to each other at their ends and the floor consists of a pavement organized according to a mesh comprising an organized chaining also according to a mesh, the chaining being fixed rigidly on the one hand to the pavement and on the other hand to the seat frame. The mesh of the seat frame and the mesh of the floor being in correspondence with each other. This arrangement gives the seat a high rigidity and high mechanical strength.

The mesh that forms the seat frame has rows and columns at the intersection of which are disposed the pillars of the foundation. Thus the mesh that forms this seat is superimposed on the mesh that forms the foundation. Are thus constituted two rigid and resistant sets, mesh mounted on one another.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the flooring of the floor is formed by the juxtaposition of prefabricated slabs, self-supporting, armed, organized in mesh and by a meshed chain whose mesh are peripheral to the stitches and are attached to these last.

According to another characteristic of the invention, each slab forming the floor comprises along one of its longitudinal edges a longitudinal rabbet provided to receive after abutment slabs, a reinforcement and bonding chain consisting of concrete and a reinforcement internal metal being in the form of a rod said chaining being linked to the peripheral chaining of the floor. According to another characteristic of the invention, the metal armature in the form of rod is overflowing on the two end faces of the sill to be secured to the peripheral chaining of the floor, this chain being cast in. if you. According to another characteristic of the invention, each slab on one of its longitudinal banks has a form of interlocking pin and on the other side a form of interlocking mortise. With such an arrangement, the slabs are assembled to each other by engagement of the tenons in the mortises. Such an arrangement strengthens the connection of the different slabs to each other.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the floor are associated planelles coated on their inner side to the building of a thermal insulation, the planelles and the insulator on the one hand and the faces of banks slabs facing each other. on the other hand, constitute the lateral flanks of the formwork of the chaining of the floor. The advantage of this provision lies in the use of elements specific to the construction for the realization of the formwork of this chaining. According to another characteristic of the invention, the chaining of the floor is rigidly connected to the seat frame, including the concrete ensuring the connection of the stringers together. According to another characteristic of the invention, the connection between the longitudinal members of the seat frame and the peripheral chaining of the floor is obtained by a single casting of concrete. Thus, a one-piece assembly, consisting of the seat frame and the floor, having a particularly high mechanical strength and without thermal bridge formation. For regions with low or no seismic risk the two rigid assemblies that constitute the foundation and the seat can be rigidly connected to one another.

Thus according to another aspect of the invention, each pillar comprises a vertical reinforcement pending, emerging from its upper face, intended to be housed in the gap between the end faces of the prefabricated longrins, and each sill prefabricated, prestressing is equipped with an internal reinforcement, longitudinal emerging from its front faces also in the aforementioned interval, which subsequently receives a bonding concrete. Thus a particularly rigid connection is made between the frame of the seat formed by the stringers and the support pillars.

However, for regions whose seismic risk can not be neglected, the invention according to another of its aspects, provides for the interposition between the pillars and the seat frame, mechanical decoupling means capable of limiting or suppress the propagation of seismic waves from the ground to the construction.

According to a first embodiment, each decoupling means consists of a metal base plate, horizontal, integral with the upper face of the corresponding pillar and a sliding pad in sliding abutment on the base plate and integral with the seat frame.

Such an arrangement filters the horizontal seismic vibrations between the foundation and the base frame, but does not filter the vertical vibrations. According to another characteristic of the invention, aimed at solving the aforementioned problem, the decoupling means consists of an elastomer block sandwiched between two horizontal metal plates, one of which is secured to the corresponding pillar and the other to the seat frame. Such an arrangement only partially decouples the seating frame with respect to the horizontal components of a seismic wave and attenuates the vertical components of this wave. According to another embodiment of the decoupling means, the latter is composed of a combination of the two previous means. According to another characteristic of the invention, the walls of the building are formed on the seat and are constituted by abutment and assembly of prefabricated wall panels. According to another characteristic of the invention, flat-shaped façade panels are used, and possibly corner panels in the form of a dihedral. According to another characteristic of the invention, the facade and corner panels each comprise a bottom support sole, rigid, horizontal, and an internal reinforcing frame, mechanically linked to the sole and comprising a plurality of elongated elements. extending in vertically-formed vertical chaining dwellings in the panel, at least one of these reinforcing members extending above the upper edge of the panel and being arranged above said bank, as a handling and lifting. According to another characteristic of the invention, each prefabricated wall panel comprises in the lower part a rigid support and support sole, mechanically connected to a reinforcing armature extending vertically in the wall, to which is rigidly fixed at the top of the wall at least one pulling lifting and transporting. By this arrangement, the lifting force will be transmitted to the rigid sole by the internal frame of the wall panel. According to another characteristic of the invention the support and support sole is made of reinforced concrete and the wall panel is formed by assembly on the sole of building blocks. According to another characteristic of the invention, the rigid sole of each wall panel are fixed horizontal legs protruding laterally with respect to one of the large faces of the wall panel, said wall panel being fixed to the floor especially through the said legs. According to another characteristic of the invention, the wall panels are fixed on the floor by gluing their sole on the chaining of the floor. Preferably, it will be used for bonding, a mortar adhesive. The interest of the last two provisions is to allow quick fixing of wall panels on the floor, which can be operated without the traditional know-how. According to another characteristic of the invention, the wall panels are connected to each other by mechanical assembly of their armatures on either side of their jointing planes and by bonding along their vertical abutment edges. According to yet another feature of the invention, the wall panels are assembled in the upper part by a continuous, horizontal chaining, the reinforcing elements projecting on the upper banks of the panels being taken up in this chaining. According to yet another feature of the invention, each vertical side edge of each panel is equipped with a continuous vertical groove running over the entire height of the panel, the groove receiving in abutment against its bottom face, one of the elements of the armature of the panel, this element being fixed to the bottom face of said groove. In areas of significant seismic risk, the connection between the panels, according to another characteristic of the invention, is reinforced by casting a concrete in the housing each formed by the chaining grooves of two contiguous panels, so to make a keying. In this case, the throats will be deeper. This connecting concrete clings to the peripheral chaining of the floor which further strengthens the mechanical connection of the panels to the foundation of the construction.

According to another characteristic of the invention, for panels having an opening such as a door, window, or French window, the lintel of the frame of said opening has a U-shaped cross section and forms a horizontal volume of chaining for receiving an armature and a concrete, said armature, by its two ends penetrating into the two vertical grooves of chaining that the panel. Such an arrangement is mainly intended for constructions installed in seismic zones. The resumption of the chaining of the lintel in the other two vertical chaining of the panel leads to strengthen the framing of the opening.

According to another characteristic of the invention, in order to form the corners of the construction are provided panels of angles having the same characteristics as the flat panels, this corner panel, forming dihedral, further having a volume vertical chaining which comes to the right of the peripheral chaining of the floor, this chaining volume receiving a means of connection to the peripheral chaining of the floor.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the various corner panels or wall panels are each equipped according to their upper edge, a horizontal groove opening into the two lateral grooves they each present, said horizontal groove constituting a horizontal chaining volume, into which penetrates the connecting means mounted in the vertical chaining volumes formed by the lateral grooves.

According to another characteristic of the invention, at least one of the wall panels has a vertical groove in which is engaged a power transport pipe or a sewage pipe.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the ceiling, bearing, supported on the walls and fixed to the latter is constituted by a mesh floor formed by juxtaposition of prefabricated slabs in the factory and fixed to each other and by a armored, meshed chaining forming rigid frames around and in the pavement, said pavement being fixed to said chaining. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the pavement of the ceiling organized in mesh is formed by assembling prefabricated ceiling slabs, each having on one of their vertical longitudinal edge an interlocking pin and along the longitudinal bank. opposite a mortise interlocking, the various slabs being linked to each other by interlocking mortises of one in the tenons of others, said slabs resting on a frame formed by abutment of low wall panel.

According to another characteristic of the invention, each ceiling tile, in line with the tenon comprises a longitudinal rabbet intended to receive after assembly of the slabs a reinforcing chaining formed of concrete and a lateral overflowing reinforcement to be included in horizontal peripheral chaining to the ceiling.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the self-supporting roof is formed by gluing assembly according to their lateral side of prefabricated, self-supporting roofing slabs, the roofing slab being mechanically connected to the chaining of the floor and to a chaining formed on along the upper faces of gable wall. Alternatively, according to another characteristic of the invention, the frame of the roof is formed of prefabricated trusses and the ceiling is formed of plaster slabs suspended to the frame. In this case, the peripheral chaining, which binds the lower part of the construction by producing an upper belt, will be made by cellular concrete blocks having a chaining channel in which is disposed a suitable reinforcement and a concrete is poured. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the various components of the building are assembled to each other by a continuous chaining forming framework. Such a building thus produced is particularly solid and its walls can now be built on a perfectly horizontal basis thanks to the adjustment of the height of the pillars before pouring the foundations, the interest of such a provision is to ensure the flatness and horizontality of the seat even if the foundation is not horizontal.

The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the wall panels of the building according to the invention. This process consists essentially of continuously making a wall piece by assembly, blocks in successive rows and to make in the wall section vertical cuts to divide it into wall panels. According to another characteristic of the method according to the invention, the building blocks are assembled by gluing. According to another characteristic, the method according to the invention consists, before forming the vertical cuts, in the height calibration of the wall section. According to another characteristic, the method according to the invention consists after cutting blanks to form in the latter the chaining grooves and the handling holes.

The invention also relates to an installation for implementing the method defined above. The installation comprises a moving linear conveyor facing a bonding and assembly station for the blocks, a height calibration station, a wall panel cutting station, a lateral grooving station, a control station. corner grooving and a piercing station panels for their handling.

The present invention also relates to the laying of prefabricated elements. Thus according to another characteristic of the invention, each prefabricated pillar is placed with the aid of an adjustable support comprising a pillar holding structure, forming a sleeve, said structure being mounted on at least three adjustable feet in height. . Finally, another advantage related to the construction mode is the manufacture of the components of the construction, in masked time, during the drying of the foundation, the adequate duration of drying being about a month. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other advantages, aims and features of the invention will become apparent on reading the description of a preferred embodiment given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the appended drawings, in which: [0084 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a building according to the invention, comprising a roof according to a first embodiment,

[0085] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the building according to FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a building according to the invention, comprising a roof according to a second embodiment;

[0087] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a building according to FIG. 3,

[0088] - Figure 5 is a perspective view of the foundation and the seat frame of the seat of the building, [0089] - Figure 6 shows the various embodiments of the decoupling means between the foundation and the 'seated,

[0090] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a building base,

[0091] - Figure 8 is a sectional view of a seat showing the detail of the floor of the latter, [0092] - Figure 9 is a perspective view of a floor with underfloor heating means, [0093] - Figure 10 is a perspective view of the assembly of two panels of facades to a corner panel,

[0094] - Figure 11 is a view is a top view of detail of the assembly according to Figure 10, - Figure 12 is a top view of detail of the assembly of two panels of facade with an angle panel for seismic zones,

[0096] FIG. 13 is a front view of a panel with a window-type opening, FIG. 14 is a view along the line AA of FIG. 13,

[0098] FIG. 15 is a front view of a panel with a window-door opening, FIG. 16 is a view along the line AA of FIG. 15,

[00100] FIG. 17 is a side view of a wall panel with floor attachment means, FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a load-bearing ceiling, FIG. 19. is a front view of a load-bearing ceiling, [00103] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a roof for seismic zones, [00104] FIG. 21 is a side view of the roof according to FIG. 20. [00105] FIG. 22 is a front view of the roof according to FIG. 20, FIG. 23 shows the tooling for holding the wall panels vertically and the casting mold for the bonding concrete. of the longitudinal members of the seat frame, [00107] FIG. 24 shows in perspective the pillar-laying support,

[00108] FIGS. 25 and 26 are front and rear views of a wall panel manufacturing jig, used for the realization of a facade wall panel, [00109] FIG. 27 is a front view of the template according to FIGS. 25 and 26, used for the production of a wall corner panel.

[00110] - Figure 28 is a view of a panel having a reduced height, [00111] - Figure 29 is a perspective view of a low wall panel handling device, [00112] - the FIG. 30 is a sectional view of a handling device according to FIG. 29, the wall panel being in place on said device; [00113] FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing the junction of two panels forming the one of the angles of the construction, [00114] - Figure 32 is a perspective view of an automatic continuous manufacture of wall panels.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION [00115] As represented by the building according to the invention, comprises a foundation 1 on which is installed at a distance from the ground a seat 2 of a building, supporting walls 5 on which are mounted a structure of ceiling 6 and a roof 7, these different components, except for certain elements of the foundation, being prefabricated in the factory. The foundation 1 comprises blocks 10 cast in excavations made in the ground, joined by longitudinal forms 11 also cast in excavations made in the ground, the blocks 10 being equipped with vertical prefabricated pillars 12 in the factory on which takes support the building base 2, the vertical pillars 12 being rigidly secured to the blocks that support them. The blocks 10 and the lengths 11 are organized according to a quadrangular mesh having rows and columns perpendicular to each other. The columns and rows are formed by the stringers. the blocks are formed at the intersection of rows and columns. Between the seat and the shapes of longitudinal members 11 may be arranged planelles 14 shutter crawl space formed under said seat. Each pillar 12 has an internal frame of which at least one end portion is external to the pillar, and forms a lower holding reinforcement. The other end portion may also be external to the pillar and form an upper holding reinforcement. [00120] The pillars 12 by their upper planar faces are arranged in a same horizontal plane of seat disposed above and spaced from the ground. The seat 2 is supported on the upper face of the pillars 12 either directly or through means 13 mechanical decoupling capable of suppressing or limiting the propagation of seismic waves. In the case where the seat must rest directly on the pillars 12, a rigid attachment of the latter to the seat will be established. In this case each pillar 12 will include the upper holding reinforcement by which it will be fixed to the seat as described below.

According to a first embodiment, the decoupling means consists of two horizontal 130 steel base plates secured respectively to the upper face of the pillar 12 and the seat 2 and to a sliding shoe 131. in bronze arranged between the two steel plates. According to another embodiment the decoupling means 13 is constituted by a block 132 of elastomer damper sandwiched between two metal plates 133 integral respectively to the pillar 12 and the seat 2. [00125] One can also provide a means 13 of decoupling constituted by the combination of the previous means, that is to say by steel plates 133 sandwiching a damping block 132, one of which is for example fixed to the upper face of the pillar 12 and the other receives in sliding support a bronze slide shoe 131 on which bears a steel plate 130 fixed to the seat 2. The seat 2 is constituted by a seat frame 20 organized according to a mesh and a floor 21 resting on the seat frame 20 and fixed rigidly to the latter.

The seat frame 20 consists of prefabricated longitudinal members 200, prestressed, resting by their ends on the vertical pillars 12 either directly or via decoupling means, and fixed to each other at their level. ends. As can be seen, the longitudinal members 200 are organized according to a mesh which reinforces the mechanical strength of the seat. These longitudinal members 200 each comprise a prestressing frame, projecting from its front faces to form a pending reinforcement. By these reinforcements and by concrete several contiguous longitudinal members 200 are connected to each other.

In the case where these longitudinal members 200 rest directly on the pillars 12, the upper waiting iron that includes the latter will also be taken in the concrete connection of the longitudinal members 200. Will be ensured and the attachment of the seat to the pillar 12.

The floor 21 is supported by the seat frame and is integral with the latter. This floor consists of a tiling associated 210 meshing linkage bonded to the pavement on the one hand and the concrete linkages of the longitudinal members 200 between them on the other hand. The tiling at the right of each mesh of the seat frame 20 is constituted by assembling slabs 211 each having, along their longitudinal edges, a tenon and a mortise, the assembly of the slabs 211 being operated by interlocking tenons and mortises. and collage. It will be noted that this assembly of slabs 211 constitutes a floor mesh comprising a peripheral chaining with reinforcement 214. It should be noted that the chaining 210 of the floor 21 is formed between the pavement and external planelles 212, each doubled according to their inner face to the building. , a thermal insulation 213. These planelles and their insulation are opposed to the thermal bridge between the chaining and the outside of the building.

Each slab 211 comprises along one of its longitudinal edges, a rabbet 215 forming by abutment with another slab, a chaining volume in which is disposed a frame 216 in the form of a concrete bar and is cast concrete. The concrete iron is overflowing with respect to the lateral faces of the slab to be taken up in the chaining of the floor.

The slabs 211 may each be equipped with a tenon and a mortise interlocking. The floor 21 of the building can receive after the out of water, floor heating means of the low temperature type may include reticular circulation pipes 217 for example polyethylene implanted in a preformed insulation 218, placed directly on the pavement. These pipes are intended to be subsequently connected to a heating plant installed in a appropriate local building. These pipes 217 are intended to convey a coolant for example water. Floor plates 219 placed on the insulator 218 provide protection of the heating means by the ground, these protective plates 219 can receive a facing of the tiling type 220.

Advantageously, the floor plates 219 will be removably attached, for example by screws, so that they can be easily removed for easy access to the circulation lines 217. The walls are formed by assembling their vertical slices, prefabricated panels of flat shape 50 with respect to the facades and possibly right dihedral 51 as regards the corners of the building. Each wall panel 50, 51 comprises, according to a first embodiment, a lower, horizontal, support and support rigid sole 52 on which are assembled by gluing, on three or four of their faces, building blocks. 53 organized in successive rows. The rigid sole 52 may be made of reinforced concrete. [00139] Preferably the sole, on its outer surface to construction receives a planelle cellular concrete lined with a thermal insulator. This avoids any thermal bridge due to the presence of the sole. Each wall panel has a reinforcing reinforcement, internal, mechanically linked to the support plate 52. This reinforcement comprises several elongate elements 54 extending in vertical chaining housings formed in the panel along the entire height. or substantially all the height of the latter. These elements 54 or some of them receive above the upper edge of the panel a handling member arranged as a lifting ring. The vertical chaining housing may be constituted by grooves 55 made in the vertical edges of the panel and / or vertical cylindrical wells 56 formed in the heart of the panel. The wall panels 50, 51 are supported by their flange 52 on the peripheral chaining of the floor 21 and are fixed to the floor 21 by a connection by adhesion and by an obstacle connection. The bonding by adhesion is achieved by gluing the lower edge of each panel 50, 51 on the floor 21 and the obstacle connection is achieved by fastening elements, for example nails, engaged on the one hand in holes formed in horizontal legs 57 secured to the support plate 52, and secondly in the floor of the floor.

The panels of the walls 50 and 51 are bonded to each other by gluing their respective vertical banks, but also in the upper part, above their horizontal banks, by mechanical connection of their frames. In this regard the reinforcing elements 54 housed in the vertical grooves 55 will be linked in the upper part by bolting 58 or welding. Each reinforcing element 54 may consist of a flat iron fastened by nailing at the bottom of the throat

55 and taken up in the sole 52.

In Figure 12 we can see that by abutting wall panels 50, 51 are formed on either side of each abutment plane a housing consisting of two vertical grooves 55 facing one of the 'other. To strengthen the connection between the wall panels, a frame in the form of irons concrete is disposed in this housing and a concrete is poured into the latter. Thus will be formed between two contiguous panels, an armed key 59 link.

The wall panels will be linked in the upper part by a current chaining along their upper horizontal rim. In this chaining will be taken up the overflowing upper portions of the reinforcing elements 54 of the panels 50, 51.

The building openings, such as doors, windows or French windows will be formed in the factory and equipped in the factory with a suitable frame. In the case of a window 8 (FIG. 13), the dorsal area of the window sill 80 is coated with a suitable insulator 81. Against this insulator 81 a planelle 82 is affixed. window 9 (Figures 15 and 16) or a door, the lintel 90 will be armed and the lintel armature 90 will enter the lateral grooves 55 chaining to be taken up by the vertical chaining. This lintel will be formed by U-shaped cross-section blocks having a chaining housing into which is introduced the aforesaid frame and is cast concrete. On the upper link linking the wall panels 50, 51 to each other is mounted a ceiling 6 consisting of a pavement 60 formed by assembling slabs 61 of the same type as those used for the floor. Thus, these self-supporting slabs each have, according to one of their longitudinal edge, an interlocking lug and, according to the opposite longitudinal edge, an interlocking mortise, the various slabs 61 being connected to one another by interlocking the mortises of one into the tenons of the others. . The pavement 60 rests on a frame 62 formed by butting appropriate elements of low height and is connected to this frame by a chaining 63 associated with planelles 64 coated on their inner face with a thermal insulator 65. This provision eliminates the bridges thermal at the chaining level.

The slabs 61 have the right of their tenon, a longitudinal rabbet 66 provided to receive after assembly to a contiguous slab, a reinforcement chaining formed of concrete and a reinforcement 67 in lateral overflow to be taken up in the peripheral chaining horizontal ceiling 6.

[00152] The self-supporting roof 7, known per se, is formed by gluing assembly according to their side edge, prefabricated roofing slabs, self-supporting 70, the roofing slab being mechanically connected to the chaining of the floor and a chaining formed along upper faces of the gable walls. [00153] The roof will be equipped with a ridge chaining. Furthermore, at the periphery of each roof section can be formed a chaining, the ridge chaining constituting the upper segment of the latter. Finally, the various links in the construction are linked to each other in order to form a rigid frame without a point of discontinuity.

According to another embodiment, as shown in Figure 28, the wall panels 50 are of lower height and do not have a lower sole. For example, the height of such panels will be of the order of one meter fifty. [00156] The advantage of such an arrangement is multiple. In particular, it facilitates the handling operations of such panels 50 and moreover they have an increased stability compared the higher panels, which limits the risk of capsizing on site as well as the risk of accidents. [00157] In Figures 29 and 30 is shown a handling device 19 of such wall panels. This device 19 consists of two vertical uprights 190, joined by horizontal struts 191, each provided at the bottom end of a horizontal pin 192, support, intended to be engaged in a bore 501 that includes the wall panel 50 to handle. This handling device 19 further comprises a holding structure 193 hinged to the two uprights 190 and folding on the wall panel 50. The holding structure 193 is provided with a hook element 194 coming in front of the wall panel 50 for maintain the latter against the uprights 190. Finally the device 19 comprises a lifting cross member 195 with a lifting ring 196, the crossbar being mounted in fixing on two horizontal upper arms 197 rigidly fixed to the uprights 190. The lifting crossbar 195 is arranged at the right of the position of the center of gravity of the wall panel 50 when the latter is in place in the device 19. In order to be able to adjust the position of this lifting crossbar and more precisely the position of the lifting ring 196, relative to this center of gravity, the upper horizontal arms 197 are each provided with an oblong through-light and the crossbar 195 is attached to the arms by engaged bolts by the rod of their screw in the through-light of the corresponding arm. The adjustment is made by moving the crossbar along the arms. According to another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 31, the angles of the construction are no longer formed by corner panels 51 but by wall panels 50 whose vertical edge of one comes into view. bearing against the large internal face of the other, this vertical bank and this large face each having a vertical groove corresponding to the other groove to form a vertical chaining housing in which will be placed a metal frame and cast a concrete of link.

The installation of the wall panels 50 is made from an angle of the construction to another angle of this construction. The accumulation of dimensional deviations may be such that the two grooves 55 of the panels forming the last angle of the construction can not be in correspondence with each other. To avoid such a risk that would deprive the angle of the construction of its vertical chaining, one of the two grooves 55 is of greater width than the other. In this way the groove 55 of smaller width will always be in correspondence with the groove of greater width. These two grooves 55 may have a straight section dovetail or a square or rectangular cross section.

[00160] For the realization of the facade wall panels and angle, will be used a mounting template 16 having at least one flat bottom support face 160, reference, a flat dorsal face 161 reference perpendicular to the previous and at least one side plane face 162 reference alignment, perpendicular to the two previous. The prefabricated sole of the panel is placed on the lower face 160, against the back wall 161 and against the side wall 162. The different block rows are supported by the dorsal face of the blocks against the dorsal face of the template, the first block of each row being further supported against the side face 162 of the template. The jig 16 will be further equipped with rolling members to be easily moved on the ground. On this template will be assembled by gluing, on at least three of their faces, the various blocks of constructions 53 composing the wall panel. It should be noted that the assembly of the blocks to each other is operated by gluing thin joints which reduces thermal bridges. The shackles that comprise at least the corner panels, will be made by alignment of through holes formed in the building blocks.

The wall panels 50, 51 made with these templates 16 will subsequently be made to the geometry and the appropriate dimensions by cutting their vertical edges using appropriate cutting instrument comprising a cutting head guided on slides and having a cutting tool like circular saw for example. Such an arrangement is conducive to obtaining a high degree of precision both in the geometry of the panel and in its dimensions. Thus the degree of precision of wall to wall will be of the order of a millimeter. It should be noted that the cutting planes may be perpendicular to the large faces of the panels or obliquely to these faces, the cutting head being orientable. Such an oblique cutting arrangement allows the realization of different dwelling angles of a right angle.

In the panels will be machined the different chaining grooves as described. The wall panels 50 may also be made continuously by a suitable manufacturing facility. In Figure 31 is shown such an installation. This installation 30 comprises a linear conveyor 31 movable facing a station 32 laying blocks in juxtaposed rows and assembly of these blocks by gluing, a height calibration station 33, a cutting station of the wall panels 34, a lateral grooving station 35, an angle grooving station 36 and a station 37 drilling panels for handling.

The wall section is built on the linear conveyor. The latter is of any known type. The height calibration station has end purpose, either by cutting or by abrasion, to give the different panels an equal height.

The panel cutting station will be equipped with a cutting head with a circular type cutting blade, for example. This cutting head will be guided by vertical rails and will be pivotally pivotable about a vertical axis to make cuts in a plane perpendicular to one of the large faces of the wall panel or in a plane forming an acute angle or obtuse.

The grooving stations 35 and 36 are intended to form in the panel chaing grooves. The piercing station of the panels is intended to form in the lower row of blocks of each panel, at least one piercing 501 through the thickness of said panel [00172] Since their inner faces to the building will also be formed in the wall panels or in some of them only, different grooves for receiving different power transmission lines such as electrical conduits for receiving electrical cables, gas pipes, water pipes and water pipes. evacuation of wastewater. Each kerf will be dedicated to a particular type of conduct and the different bleedings that will comprise the wall panel will be practiced at a distance from each other to ensure the physical separation of the various pipes. In addition, electrical separation will also be ensured due to the electrically insulating nature of the building blocks composing the wall panel. Advantageously, the wall panels will be equipped at the factory with the various pipes for transporting energy and discharging wastewater, as well as most of the equipment associated with these pipes. For example, the panel for electrical equipment will be pre-wired and can therefore be equipped with electrical sockets and switches, control panels and so on. The wall panel before laying equipment associated with the pipes, will receive a wall cladding ensuring the recovery of its internal face to the building. The grooves and pipes housed in the latter are thus protected by this wall cladding. Such an arrangement avoids the use of plaster and other product usually used for filling the grooves. Advantageously, the wall cladding will be removably attached to the panel so that it can, if necessary, be removed to easily access the pipes that includes the panel. Preferably, this wall facing will be fixed by stapling.

It should be noted that this facing wall advantageously completes the insulation properties that has the wall panel. It should also be noted that this wall has a finished internal surface ready to paint, coat or upholster. It is understood that are delivered on site panels equipped largely with the second work which results in significant savings of time and labor.

On the construction site, the electric cables that the wall panels present, will be connected to appropriate terminal blocks advantageously housed in the attic of the building. With regard to the gas, water and sewage networks, the various pipes that the panel may contain may be connected to pipes of the same type located in the crawl space between the floor and the seat. or under the floor plates on the floor. [00180] For the maintenance of the wall panels during their installation and to avoid their alignment will be used removable flanges 17 arranged in a clamping on their upper part and on either side of their jointing planes and legs of forces to maintain the panels vertically.

For the pouring of concrete between the sills of the seat frame will be used removable molds 18, comprising vertical walls of molding and removable fastening flanges on the stringers. Finally, the various building blocks and the various slabs used for the construction will be made of autoclave aerated concrete.

[00183] The interest of using such a concrete is multiple. Indeed, it has a mechanical strength at least equal to that of other materials, but in addition its low density, of the order of 400 kg / m ³ greatly facilitates the handling of panels made. The low weight of the panels will result in less inertia of the latter which is always an advantage for buildings that can be subjected to earthquakes. Another advantage of low weight is that it has a favorable effect on the cost of transportation.

In addition, this concrete has a high level of acoustic and thermal insulation so that the panel realized will have these characteristics. Finally, this kind of concrete, after drying, is easily ready for machining. It will then be easy to form in each wall panel cutouts, grooves and bleedings. Another advantage of the use of such a material is that it allows the evacuation of water vapor thanks to the very favorable resistance value to the diffusion of water vapor. Thus the walls made breathe and contribute to the quality of the ambient air of the living quarters.

Such a material is in particular known under the trade name "THERMOPIERRE".

It should be noted that the adhesive used to bind the blocks together and the panels and other elements present after drying mechanical strength greater than that of the constituent material of the blocks.

For the installation of the prefabricated pillars 12 is preferably used an adjustable laying support 15 comprising a pillar holding structure 150 forming a sleeve, said structure being mounted on at least three feet 151 adjustable in height independently of each other. The sheath structure 150 will be constituted for example by parallel strapping joined to each other by amounts, some of which include through screws 152, coming into pressure against the pillar 12 to ensure its maintenance in the structure.

With such a device it is possible to position the pillars 12, by their upper face at a same height level and coplanar manner.

[00190] Preferably, the pillars 12 will be positioned on the site before pouring blocks and foundation stringers above the excavations provided for pouring blocks.

It goes without saying that the present invention can receive all arrangements and variants of the field of technical equivalents without departing from the scope of this patent.

Claims

claims

1. A building for residential use in particular whose components are predominantly prefabricated in the factory, comprising a foundation (1) supporting a seat (2) of building, walls (5) erected on the seat (2), a ceiling ( 6) resting on the walls (5) and a roof (7) resting on the walls, characterized in that the foundation (1) consists of foundation blocks (10) cast on site, in appropriate excavations, joints by shank shapes (11) also cast on site in appropriate excavations and that each foundation block (10) is equipped with a vertical, prefabricated vertical pillar (12) having a horizontal upper planar face, the upper planar faces pillars (12) of the foundation being all arranged in the same horizontal plane and are supported, at a distance from the ground, the seat (2) of the building and each vertical pillar condition rigidly attached to the foundation block that carries it.

2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that between the seat (2) of the building and each pillar (12) is disposed a decoupling means (13) adapted to absorb the seismic energy.

3. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the seat (2) is rigidly fixed to the pillars (12) of foundation.

4. Building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seat (2) is constituted by a seat frame (20) organized according to a mesh and a floor (21) resting on the frame of seat (20) and fixed rigidly thereto, that the seat frame (20) consists of prestressed longitudinal members (200), prestressed, resting at their ends on the vertical pillars (12), fixed to one another at their ends and that the floor (21) consists of a pavement organized according to a mesh comprising a chaining organized also according to a mesh, the chaining being fixed rigidly on the one hand to the pavement and on the other hand to the frame of sitting (20).

5. Building according to claim 4, characterized in that the mesh of the seat frame and the mesh of the floor are in correspondence with each other.

6. Building according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the mesh that forms the seat frame (20) comprises rows and columns at the intersection of which are disposed the pillars (12) of the foundation.

7. Building according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the pavement of the floor is formed by the juxtaposition of prefabricated slabs, self-supporting, armed, organized in stitches and by a meshed chain whose stitches are peripheral to the stitches paving and are attached to them.

8. Building according to claim 7, characterized in that each slab forming the floor comprises along one of its longitudinal edges a longitudinal rabbet provided to receive after abutment slabs, a reinforcing and binding chain consisting of concrete and a reinforcement internal metal being in the form of a rod said chaining being linked to the peripheral chaining of the floor.

9. Building according to claim 8, characterized in that the metal armature in the form of rod is overflowing on the two end faces of the sill to be secured to the peripheral chaining of the floor, this chaining being cast in if you.

10. Building according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that each slab on one of its longitudinal banks has a form of interlocking pin and on the other side a form of mortise interlocking.

11. Building according to any one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the floor are associated planelles coated on their inner side of the building with a thermal insulation, planelles and insulation on the one hand and the faces the banks of the slabs opposite, on the other hand, constitute the lateral flanks of the formwork of the chaining of the floor.

12. Building according to any one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that each pillar comprises a vertical reinforcement pending, emerging from its upper face, intended to be housed in the gap between the end end faces of the longitudinal members prefabricated, and each prefabricated sill, prestressing is equipped with an internal reinforcement, longitudinal emerging from its end faces also in the aforementioned interval, which subsequently receives a bonding concrete.

13. Building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the walls (5) are formed by abutment and assembly of prefabricated wall panels.

14. Building according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the wall panels comprise facade panels (50) of planar shape.

15. Building according to claim 13 or claim 14, characterized in that the wall panels comprise angle panels (51) in the form of dihedron.

16. Building according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the wall panels comprise each comprising a bottom flange (52) of support, rigid, horizontal, that each wall panel (50, 51) comprises an internal reinforcement frame, mechanically bonded to the sole (52) and comprising a plurality of elongate members extending in vertical chaining housings, formed vertically in the panel, at least one of these reinforcing members extending above the upper edge of the panel and being arranged above said bank, handling and lifting member.

17. Building according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the support and support base is made of reinforced concrete and the wall panel is formed by assembly on the sole, building blocks.

18. Building according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the wall panels (50, (51) are assembled to the floor that comprises the seat frame by bonding and bonding by obstacle.

19. Building according to claim 18, characterized in that the adhesive bonding of the wall panels to the floor is achieved by bonding the lower edge of each panel (50, 51) on the floor (4) and that the connection by obstacle is achieved by fasteners engaged on the one hand in holes formed in horizontal legs (55) integral with the bearing flange (52), and secondly in the floor of the floor.

20. Building according to claim 18 or claim 19, characterized in that the panels (50, 51) are connected to each other by mechanical assembly of their armatures on either side of their jointing planes and by bonding according to their vertical banks of abutment.

21. Building according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the wall panels are assembled in the upper part by a continuous, horizontal chaining, the reinforcing elements projecting on the upper banks of the panels being taken up. in this chaining.

22. Building according to any one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that each vertical side edge of each panel is equipped with a continuous vertical groove running the full height of the panel and that this groove receives, against its bottom face against one of the elements of the frame of the panel, this element being fixed to the bottom face of said groove.

23. Building according to claim 22, characterized in that the housing formed by the two chaining grooves of two contiguous panels receives a connecting concrete forming keying.

24. Building according to claim 23, characterized in that each at least one corner panel has a vertical cylindrical well adapted to receive a reinforcement and a chaining concrete, said corner panel at the bottom having an opening opening into said well. .

25. Building according to any one of claims 13 to 24, characterized in that at least one of the wall panels has a vertical groove in which is engaged an energy transport pipe or a water evacuation pipe. waste.

26. Building according to any one of claims 13 to 25, characterized in that the face of each wall panel inside the building is covered with a removable facing plate.

27. Building according to any one of claims 13 to 26, characterized in that each wall panel (50) has at least one through hole (501) made according to its thickness in the lower block row, said hole being intended for cooperate with a handling device (19).

28. Building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceiling, bearing, resting on the walls and fixed thereto is constituted by a mesh floor formed by juxtaposition of prefabricated slabs in the factory and fixed to each other. others and by an armed, meshed chaining forming rigid frames around and in the pavement, said pavement being fixed to said chaining.

29. Building according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the pavement of the ceiling organized in meshes is formed by assembling prefabricated ceiling tiles, each having on one of their vertical longitudinal edge an interlocking pin and along the opposite longitudinal bank an interlocking mortise, the various slabs being connected to each other by interlocking the mortises of one in the tenons of the others, said slabs resting on a frame formed by abutting low wall panel.

30. Building according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each ceiling tile, the right of the post comprises a longitudinal rabbet intended to receive after assembly of the slabs reinforcing a reinforcing chain formed of concrete and a lateral overflowing reinforcement to be included in horizontal peripheral chaining to the ceiling.

31. Building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the self-supporting roof is formed by gluing assembly according to their side edge of prefabricated, self-supporting roofing slabs, the roofing slab being mechanically connected to the chaining of the floor and to a chaining formed along the upper faces of gable wall.

32. Building according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the frame of the roof is formed of prefabricated trusses and the ceiling is formed of plaster slabs suspended to the frame.

33. Building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the various components of the building are assembled to each other by a continuous chaining forming a frame.

34. Building according to claim 28, characterized in that the handling device (19) consists of two parallel vertical uprights (190) joined by horizontal struts (191) each having at the lower end of a horizontal pin (192) , support, intended to be engaged in one of the handling bores (501) included in the wall panel (50), said device (19) further comprising a holding structure (193) articulated to the two uprights (190) and collapsible to the wall panel ( 50), the holding structure (193) being provided with a hook element (194) coming in front of the wall panel (50) to hold it against the uprights and said device (19) comprising a lifting beam ( 195) mounted in attachment to two horizontal upper arms (197) rigidly fixed to the uprights (190), said lifting beam (195) being disposed at the right of the center of gravity position of the wall panel (50) when the latter is in place in the device.

35. Building according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the position of the lifting crossbar (195) is adjustable along the arms (197).

36. Building according to any one of claims 13 to 35, characterized in that each of its angles is formed by two wall panels (50), the vertical edge of one bears against the large inner face of the other, this vertical bank and this large face each having a vertical groove (55) corresponding to the other groove to form a vertical chaining housing in which will be placed a metal frame and cast a bonding concrete.

37. Building according to the preceding claim, characterized in that one of the two grooves (55) is of greater width than the other.

38. A method of manufacturing wall panels for the realization of a building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in continuously making a wall piece by assembly, blocks in successive rows and to performing vertical cutouts in the wall panel to divide it into wall panels (50).

39. Manufacturing process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the building blocks are assembled by gluing.

40. Manufacturing method according to any one of claims 38 or 39, characterized in that it consists, before forming vertical cuts, in the height calibration of the wall panel.

41. A manufacturing method according to any one of claims 38 to 40, characterized in that it consists after cutting the panels to form in the latter chaining grooves and handling holes (501).

42. Installation (30) for implementing the method according to any one of claims 38 to 41, characterized in that it comprises a linear conveyor (31) movable facing a station (32) for gluing and assembling the blocks, a height calibration station (33), a wall panel cutting station (34), a lateral grooving station (35), a corner grooving station (36) and a station (37). ) drilling the panels (50) for handling.

43. Installation support for the on-site positioning of the pillars of the foundation of a building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a pillar holding structure, forming a sleeve, said structure being mounted on at least three feet adjustable in height independently of each other.