FR2638181A1 - PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION UNITS FOR CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING BUILDINGS USING SUCH BUILDING UNITS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction unit for the realization of buildings. The building unit 25 is formed by uprights 28 having a V-shaped section interconnecting a lower part and an upper part which each have a frame 26, 27 formed of profiles 32, 33, 36, 37 and a horizontal wall 30, 31; the profiles 32, 33 which make up the lower frame 26 have a lower mechanical resistance than that which would be necessary so that they can, when the construction unit 25 is suspended, support alone, without damaging deformation, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall 30 and its possible overloads. The lower frame 26 of the building unit 25 is of reduced height, which makes it possible to reduce the height of the empty space between the stacked building units 25.

Description

Prefabricated building units for the realization

  building and the method of

  buildings by means of these construction units.

  The present invention relates to the construction of buildings whose structural work is formed by

  superposition and juxtaposition of construction units

prefabricated.

  It is known to build buildings using prefabricated elements in the factory. Many building systems of this kind have already been

proposed and used.

  Several building systems are known

  based on "heavy prefabrication" and others

  based on "light prefabrication".

  In particular, it is known from European Patent Application No. 79870028. 2 of the Applicant, for which a patent was granted under No. 0012736, a light prefabrication technique according to which construction units are produced by means of a minimum of standardized elements. The units described in this patent are composed of a lower part and an upper part, each comprising a frame composed of large flat and a horizontal wall connected to the upper edge of said frame. The two parts of the building unit are interconnected by posts having a V-shaped section, and thus constitute a structure affecting the

form of a right prism.

  An important feature of building units according to European Patent No. 0012736 is that their upper and lower frames are formed of large metal plates.

  arranged along the lateral faces of said prism.

  Thanks to this construction feature, the sides of the frame of the building units are beams whose material is strongly spread in height, which has the consequence that they have

  high bending moment for a reduced weight of material.

  The simple and fast realization of buildings can be obtained by juxtaposing and superimposing

such building units.

  The European patent 'No. 0012736 provides between the stacked units, free spaces called

horizontal technical spaces.

  The height of these spaces is equivalent to the distance between the upper face of the upper horizontal wall of a given building unit and the lower face of the horizontal wall.

  lower part of another building unit super-

asked at the first.

  According to the European Patent No. 0012736, these spaces are intended in particular for the installation of technical equipment such as heating, air conditioning, ventilation, sanitary facilities, or

  electrical equipment, for example.

  When one wishes to set up complex technical equipment, for example for the construction of laboratories, the building is expected to have higher horizontal technical spaces.

  only if the building was intended for other uses.

  In such spaces, it is possible for a man to break in to do the work

  repair or fitting that is necessary to

  sary. On the other hand, in economic housing, which is a very important part of the construction market, the technical equipment is relatively simple. It is superfluous that in buildings intended for cheap housing, the horizontal technical spaces have a high height. On the contrary, it is imperative, in this type of building, to limit as much as possible in height the dimensions of horizontal technical spaces which will be intended to accommodate only equipment

  techniques few or not bulky.

  The cost price of producing a

  building in which the horizontal technical spaces

  rates are high is much greater than that of a building of the same kind in which the height

  horizontal technical spaces would be reduced.

  Indeed, high horizontal technical spaces involve a greater number of stair steps, and hence a greater volume for stairwells and longer trips for elevators. A large amount of insulation must

  to be used in horizontal technical spaces.

  For a given living space, for a given ceiling height, the facade surface of a building with large horizontal technical spaces is larger than that of a similar building where these spaces

would be reduced.

  Moreover, from the point of view of aesthetics, it must be admitted that the relationship between the dimensions of the windows and those of their lighters is, in buildings with high horizontal technical spaces

  intended for habitation, not pleasant to the eye.

  It is therefore desirable in many cases to be able to reduce the height of the horizontal technical spaces. In practice, however, there are limits to this reduction in height of the horizontal technical spaces as provided for by the

European Patent No. 0012736.

  Indeed, in each building unit, the lower frame must be solid. It must have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand, without unacceptable deformations, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall and its mobile and stationary overloads, even when the construction unit is suspended from a handling machine

  for transportation and placement on the building.

  It may be advantageous, in certain circumstances, to produce a construction unit whose lower horizontal wall consists not of a metal sheet but of several juxtaposed concrete slabs. In this case, the bending strength of the lower frame of the unit must of course be further increased, so that it can support the dead weight of the slabs without damaging deformation during transport of the unit and put it in place

on the building.

  The upper frame must also be strong enough to withstand the compressive stresses that it undergoes during the installation of the construction unit by a handling machine

such as a crane.

  He must also be able to support the weight of the workers who will move, during the construction of the building, on the horizontal wall

  superior of the building unit.

  As mentioned above, the lower and upper frames of a building unit according to European Patent No. 0012736 consist of large metal plates, the material of which is strongly spread in height and which have a high flexural strength for reduced weight

of matter.

  The high height of the large metal dishes

  which constitute the frameworks of the construction units

  As described in European Patent No. 0012736, it is therefore possible to reduce the height of the horizontal technical spaces at will. On the other hand, finally, the building units described in European Patent No. 0012736 are such that their upper horizontal wall is

  connected to the upper edge of their upper frame.

  It follows that after meeting two or more construction units juxtaposed to form the same premises, the bottom of the senior staff

  gathered to each other is visible from the

  the room, which is aesthetically unpleasant.

  S15 A solution that makes it easy to build rooms with continuous ceilings consists in connecting the upper horizontal wall not to the upper edge but to the lower edge of its upper frame. The said upper frame is then hidden in the horizontal technical space located above

  building units juxtaposed.

  This has the direct consequence of an increase

  considerable height of the technical spaces

horizontal issues.

  Now, as we mentioned above,

  it is not desirable in

  simple technical equipment, that spaces

  horizontal techniques have a great height.

  An object of the present invention is to allow the realization of buildings constructed from building units having analogies with those described in European Patent No. 0012736, but substantially reducing the height of the horizontal technical spaces provided between two superimposed units , and this by using elements of less weight so less expensive without

  compromising the rigidity of the building structure.

  A second object of the invention is to construct such buildings so that the senior managers of the construction units are not

  visible from inside the premises of the building.

  Another object of the invention is to create in low-cost housing, horizontal technical spaces of reduced height in which health facilities, whose presence is inevitable, and which are among the most cumbersome,

  can nevertheless be easily installed.

  Another object of the invention is to construct buildings whose structure, rigid, does not require

  no or few vertical braces.

  Another object of the invention is to obtain buildings that can, at equal height, compete with buildings obtained by traditional construction, with regard to the number of floors, steps and stairs.

  the surface of the facades, for a given total height.

  The subject of the present invention is

  prefabricated building units for the realization

building.

  Each building unit is formed

  a lower part and an upper part.

  The lower part has a horizontal wall

  which may possibly carry over-

  moving or immobile loads; this lower horizontal wall is itself carried by a lower frame

  composed of four parallel sections two by two.

  The upper part of the building unit has an upper horizontal wall, supported by

  an upper frame consisting of four parallel sections

  two by two. The lower and upper frames are interconnected by means of four uprights having a V-shaped section, so as to constitute a structure affecting the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped whose vertical edges

  are constituted by the edges of the uprights.

  Each building unit according to the invention is characterized in that at least two of the profiles, parallel to each other, which make up the

  lower frame, have an inferior mechanical

  than would be necessary for them to

  may, during the suspension of the consortium

  truction, bear alone, without damaging deformation, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall and

its possible surcharges.

  The building units of the invention can be assembled to each other such

  which ones and to be equipped once the building realized.

  They can also be equipped, in the workshop, with partitions, doors and windows. They may include technical equipment such as sanitary facilities. Some fixed furniture parts, such as fitted kitchens, can also be installed before

even the assembly of the building.

  Finally, building units intended to be placed on the façade can already be equipped with

facade panels.

  When it is completed in the workshop, before being lifted by a handling machine, and transported to the construction site, each building unit also comprises means for reinforcing the lower frame profiles which have a lower mechanical resistance than that which would be necessary for them, when suspending the building unit, to bear alone, without damaging deformation, the dead weight of the horizontal wall

  lower and its possible surcharges.

  These reinforcing means are capable of preventing any harmful deformation during the

  suspension of the building unit.

  According to a preferred embodiment of a building unit according to the invention, the reinforcing means consist of stays fixed by

  one of their ends to one of the profiles with insufficient resistance

  health and by the other of their ends at a point of the party

  superior of the building unit.

  These stays may consist of metal plates, cables or metal bars, for example

example.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, each stay is fixed by one of its ends to a

  point of the upper frame of a building unit.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, each stay is fixed by one of its ends to a point of an amount of one unit of

construction.

  According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the profiles that make up the lower frame and those that make up the upper frame are large metal plates arranged along the lateral faces of the rectangular parallelepiped and are each provided with a lower edge and 'an upper edge.

  According to a particular embodiment

  advantageous embodiment of the invention, the upper horizontal wall of a building unit is connected to the lower edges of the sections which make up the

senior.

  The subject of the invention is also a method of constructing buildings according to which

  carries out in the workshop prefabricated building units

  bricks having a lower portion and an upper portion. The lower part of each building unit has a lower horizontal wall possibly carrying mobile or immobile overloads; this lower horizontal wall is itself carried by a lower frame composed of four sections parallel two by two. The upper part of the building unit has an upper horizontal wall, carried by an upper frame consisting of four sections parallel two by two. The lower and upper frames are interconnected by means of four posts having a V-shaped section, so as to constitute a structure affecting the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped whose vertical edges are formed by the edges of the uprights. Construction units are transported to the site and juxtaposed and superimposed

  by putting them in place thanks to a handling machine.

  The building construction method according to the invention is characterized by the following steps: the lower frame of each unit is made by means of profiles at least two of which, parallel to each other, have a lower mechanical strength than would be necessary for that they can, during the suspension of the building unit bear alone, without damaging deformation, the dead weight

  the lower horizontal wall and its possible

overloads;

  - before lifting, each unit of

  truction of reinforcement means capable of avoiding such deformations;

  - each construction unit is transported to the site

  equipped with reinforcement means;

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  the units are put in place by means of the handling machine which grips them by their upper part, by juxtaposing and superimposing them; the lower frame of each building unit is secured to the upper frame of another building unit to which it is superimposed, and this rigidly connecting each of the sections that make up the lower frame of the frame; unit of construction that is put in place with the upper frame profile to which it is superimposed, so that a set of two connected sections form a composite beam having a resistance

  mechanical enough to support the dead weight of.

  the lower horizontal wall and its possible

overloads.

  According to an advantageous embodiment of the building construction method according to the present invention, it is used as reinforcing means

  profiles of the lower frame with insufficient resistance

  health, guys that are each fixed by one of their ends to one of the said profiles and the other of their ends to a point of the upper part

of the building unit.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the building construction method according to the invention, each stay is fixed by an end to a point

the senior executive.

  According to another embodiment of buildings according to the invention, each stay is fixed

  by one end to a point of an amount.

  According to an advantageous embodiment of the building construction method according to the invention,

  the reinforcement means are removed after solidification

  the profiles of the lower frame of a building unit that are put in place with the profiles of the upper frame of another building unit

to which it is superimposed.

  According to a particular embodiment of the building construction method according to the invention, the lower frame of a building unit is secured which is put in place with the upper frame of another building unit to which one the superpose by connecting directly to each other each of the profiles that make up the lower frame of the building unit that is put in place with the

  upper frame profile to which it is superimposed.

  According to another embodiment of the building construction method according to the invention,

  solidarises the lower frame of a construction unit

  that is put in place with the senior manager of another building unit to which he is

  overlap by connecting one to the other, through

  spacers, each of which

  the lower frame of the construction unit

  that is put in place with the frame profile

superior to which it is superimposed.

  The present invention also relates to buildings whose shell is formed, at least in part, by assembling building units as described above, juxtaposed

and / or superimposed.

  The invention will be better understood with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a building unit according to the invention described in European Patent No. 0012736, viewed obliquely from below; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of a building structure consisting of building units such as that shown in FIG. 1: FIG. 3 is a detail view, on a larger scale, showing the assembly system of two units such as that shown in FIG. 1 superimposed on two other units of the same type; FIG. 4 is a schematic and partial sectional view of two building units such as that shown in FIG. 1, superimposed; FIG. 5 is a schematic view similar to that of FIG. 4, in a variant in which the upper horizontal wall of a building unit is connected to the lower edge of the upper frame of this unit: FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a building unit according to the present invention, seen obliquely from below; FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an alternative embodiment of a building unit according to the invention, seen obliquely from below; FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a portion of a building structure consisting of building units according to the present invention; FIG. 9 is a view similar to that of FIG. 8 and shows part of a structural work of building under construction; FIG. 10 is a detail view, on a larger scale, showing an assembly system of two building units according to the invention, superimposed on two other building units according to the invention; FIG. 11 is a detail view similar to that of FIG. 10, showing another embodiment of a

  assembly system of two building units according to the

  vention superimposed on two other units according to the invention; FIG. 12 is a schematic and partial sectional view of two building units according to the invention, superimposed, assembled by means of a system such as that of FIG. 10; and FIG. 13 is another sectional view

  schematic and partial of two construction units

  according to the invention, superimposed, assembled

  thanks to a system such as that of FIG. 11.

  The building unit 1 shown in FIG. 1 is in accordance with European Patent No. 0012736 and

  is represented in perspective cavalier, oblique view-

from below.

  This building unit 1 has substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and comprises a lower frame 2, an upper frame 3, four uprights 4, a lower horizontal wall 5 and a wall

horizontal top 6.

  The various constituent parts of

  the building unit 1 are made of steel.

  The lower frame 2 is composed of two pairs of wide dishes 7 and 8 each provided with a rim

  lower 9 and an upper flange 10.

  Similarly, the upper frame 3 is composed of two pairs of large dishes 11 and 12 each provided with

  a lower rim 13 and an upper rim 14.

  Large dishes 7 and 8 belonging to the frame

  lower 2 are called "wide lower flat" ,.

  while the large dishes 11 and 12 belonging to the

  upper frame 3 are said to be "broad flat upper".

  It should be noted that the adjectives "lower" and "higher" must be interpreted throughout the specification with respect to the position of the elements in a building unit, and not by

  relative to their position on a given figure.

  Each of the large lower and upper plates 7, 8, 11 and 12 is bolted to each of

  its lateral extremities at an amount 4.

  The uprights 4 are angles provided with re-entrant flanges 15, which form a right angle with each flange of an upright 4, and are directed towards

  inside the building unit 1.

  The juxtaposition and superimposition of several building units 1, as illustrated in FIG. 2 allow to realize big works of buildings. Open spaces are created between

building units 1.

  A space called vertical technical space 16 is provided between two juxtaposed building units 1. Such vertical spaces16 can be wide or narrow as can be seen on the

  Fig. 2. They may, where appropriate, be non-existent.

  A horizontal technical space 17 is provided between the upper horizontal wall 6 of a building unit 1 and the lower horizontal wall 5 of another building unit 1 superimposed on the

first.

  We will notice in Figs. 1 and 2 that the

  upper horizontal wall 6 of a unit of con-

  truction 1 is connected to the upper edges 14 of the large upper plates 11 and 12 which constitute

  the upper frame 3 of the building unit 1.

  Fig. 3 is a detail view, on a large scale, with parts broken away, of construction units 1, showing the assembly system of units 1 at the meeting point of four units 1, two units 1a and 1b being superimposed on two other units

lc and ld.

  In this figure, the assembly system shown is a system where the vertical technical spaces 16 are reduced, the uprights 4 of two juxtaposed units 1 being contiguous directly

to one another.

  For a good understanding of FIG. 3, each item shown is designated by its figure of

  reference followed by the corresponding letter of reference

  unit 1 to which it belongs. Thus, for example, the lower horizontal wall of the unit lb is called 5b, while the upper horizontal wall of the unit ld is

called 6d.

  The amount 4b overflows below the lower flanges 9b of the lower wide flats 7b and 8b, while the amount 4d overflows above the flanges

  upper 14d of the upper broad flat lld and 12d.

  Amount 4b is based on the amount 4d.

  They are assembled to each other by bolting, by means of coversjoints 18. The amounts 4a and 4c are assembled in the same way (which is not visible

in FIG. 3).

  The amounts 4a and 4b, juxtaposed, are assembled together by bolting. The amounts 4c

  and 4d are assembled in the same way.

  Note that each of the large plates, 7, 8, 11 and 12 is assembled to an amount 4 by bolting and that the re-entrant rims 15 of the uprights 4 are interrupted so as to allow the passage to large plates 7, 8, li1 and 12 where it is intended that

  these are bolted to an amount 4.

  An opening 19 is provided at each of the corners of each horizontal wall 5 or 6. FIG. 3

  shows a rib 20b welded against the upper face

  top of the bottom horizontal wall 5b. The lower horizontal walls 5 of all the units 1 are provided with such ribs 20 in the vicinity of

each opening 19. -

  Along the edges of the lower horizontal walls 5a and 5b, small ribs 21 are noted. They are fixed against the underside of these lower horizontal walls 5 and can consist of small metal bars or be

polymeric material.

  Fig. 4 is a schematic and partial sectional view showing two superimposed building units 1. This section represents in particular a large upper plate 11 of a building unit 1 and a wide lower plate 7 of another building unit 1 superimposed on the first. She is

  perpendicular to these large dishes 7 and 11.

  For the sake of understanding, it will be considered that the parts of building units 1 shown in this FIG. 4 belong to units lb and ld shown in FIG. 3. Each element shown is designated by its reference number followed by the letter corresponding to the unit 1 to which it belongs. It is recalled that the adjectives "inferior" and "superior" are interpreted in relation

  the position of the elements in a building unit.

  1 and not in the figure.

  The lower horizontal wall 5b and the upper horizontal wall 6d are respectively connected to the upper flange 10b of the wide lower plate 7b and to the upper rim 14d of the wide plate 11d, thus delimiting the horizontal technical space 17b-d (i.e. according to the convention which will be adopted later in the specification, the horizontal technical space 17 arranged between the

construction lb and ld).

  This horizontal technical space 17b-d is

  high enough to contain a sheath of condi-

  22, and a water pipe

  closet 23, which crosses the wide flat 7b.

  Note in this Fig. 4 that the party

  bottom of the broad flat upper lld overflows wide-

  below the upper horizontal wall 6d so that this lower part is visible from inside the building unit id. Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view similar to that of FIG. 4, showing a part of a building unit 1f and a part of a building unit 1 1 to which the unit 1f is superimposed. In the building unit 11, the upper horizontal wall 6g is connected to the lower rim 13g of the wide upper plate 11 (and not

  at the top rim 14g of it).

  This arrangement allows the lower part of the profile 11g not to be visible from

  inside the building unit 1.

  The height of the horizontal technical space 17f-g is also, consequently, much larger than that of the horizontal technical space

17b-d shown in FIG. 4.

  In the horizontal technical space 17f-9 is placed, in addition to an air conditioning duct

* 22 and a water closet pipe 23, an insul-

  radiant heating 24.

  Fig. 6 represents a construction unit

  according to the present invention, shown in

  cavalier perspective, and seen obliquely from below.

  This building unit 25, shown as completed in the workshop, has substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and comprises a lower frame 26, an upper frame 27, four uprights 28 in the shape of a V, provided with flanges reentrants 29, a lower horizontal wall 30 and a wall

upper horizontal 31.

  The lower frame 26 consists of two lower profiles 32 and two lower profiles 33, each provided with a lower rim 34 and a

  upper rim 35 (not visible in Fig. 6).

  The upper frame 27 consists of two upper profiles 36 and two upper profiles 37, each provided with a lower rim 38 and a

  top flange 39 (not visible in Fig. 6).

  Plates 40 are each bolted on the one hand to one end of one of the uprights 28 and on the other hand to one end of one of the profiles 32, 33, 36 or 37. The lower profiles 32 and 33 have a reduced height to the point that the lower frame 26 could not stand alone, during lifting operations and transport, the dead weight of the wall

  lower horizontal 30 which, in the form of

  shown in FIG. 6, consists of three

concrete slabs juxtaposed.

  A pair of shrouds 41 is therefore stretched between a lower section 32 and an upper profile 36, and this on the two widest faces of

the building unit 25.

  Each stay 41 is fixed temporarily on the one hand in the middle of a lower profile 32 and on the other side near a lateral end of a

  upper profile 36 near one of the plates 40.

  On a lower section 32, the two guys 41 of the same pair are fixed at a single point.

  Fig. 7 represents an alternative embodiment

  tion of a building unit 25 according to the present invention. The two stays 41 of the same pair are fixed, on a lower section 32, to

distance from each other.

  For the clarity of Figs. 6 and 7, there is shown the building units 25 according to the invention devoid of any equipment. However, it is possible and desirable that such units are already equipped in the workshop with partitions and

doors, for example.

  They may also include technical equipment such as

sanitary and other.

  The building units 25 which are intended to be placed on the facade of the building can

  finally be equipped in the workshop with facade panels.

  Fig. 8 represents the finished structural work of a building made by the juxtaposition and the superimposition of building units 25 following

the present invention.

  Vertical technical spaces 42 of variable width are present between the units of

construction 25 juxtaposed.

  The building units 25 according to the present invention which are superimposed in the building of FIG. 8 are joined along horizontal joining surfaces 43. As will be seen in detail in Figs. 10 to 13, these horizontal joining surfaces 43 conceal horizontal technical spaces 44 of reduced height (not visible in FIG 8), but which will be shown in FIG.

detail in Figs. 10 and 12).

  It is important to emphasize that the pairs of shrouds 41 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 constitute means of temporarily reinforcing the framework

  lower 26 units of construction 25.

  After building a completed building

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  thanks to the construction units 25 according to the invention, the shrouds 41 can be removed and possibly recovered to be fixed, in the workshop, to other

building units 25.

  Fig. 9 represents a building of the type of

  that shown in FIG. 8, under construction.

  According to a preferred method of constructing buildings according to the invention, construction units 25 are built in the workshop, they are provided with stays 41, they are transported on site, they are put in place on the building and the building units 25 superimposed in a way that will

  explained in detail with reference to Figs. 10 to 13.

  As the construction units 25 are joined together, the units 25 can be removed from them.

shrouds 41, become superfluous.

  Note in this Fig. 9 that most of the construction units that were put in place are already

  stripped of their shrouds 41. Two construction units

  25 already in place are still equipped.

  Fig. 9 further shows a construction unit 25 suspended, by its upper frame 27, cables 45 of a not shown handling machine, for example a crane. This building unit 25 is of course always equipped with its

  shrouds 41, indispensable in this position.

  Fig. 10 is a detail view, broken away, of assembled building units according to an embodiment of the building construction method according to the invention, which shows the

  assembly system of the units 25 at the point of

  against four units 25, two units 25a and 25b

  being superimposed on two other units 25c and 25d.

  According to the adopted convention, each element shown is designated by its reference number followed by the letter corresponding to the unit 25 to which it belongs. In order to avoid any confusion, it is further recalled that the terms "lower" and "higher" must be understood in relation to the position, in a given building unit, of the elements which they qualify and not by

  relative to their position in a given figure.

  The lower horizontal wall 30a has been

  represented in accordance with the Convention for the

concrete.

  In order to make the arrangement of the various elements in the assembly system of the building units 25 according to the invention clearer, the lower horizontal wall 30b has, for its part, been

  represented as if it were transparent.

  Around the perimeter of each lower horizontal wall are embedded Z-shaped profiles 46, whose ends protrude from the lower horizontal wall 30, on neoprene seals 47 which - themselves rest on the upper flanges 35 of

lower sections 32 and 33.

  Each end of a Z-section 46 which rests on a neoprene seal 47 is covered

  a strip of flame retardant material 48.

  The presence of such strips flame retardant 48 further allows the equalization of the level of the lower horizontal walls 30 of two building units 25 juxtaposed. Thus the lower horizontal walls 30a and 30b are in some way prolonged by the strips of material

flame retardant 48a and 48b.

  The upper horizontal walls 31 consist of sheets which are connected to the lower edges 38 of the upper sections 36 and 37. The stiffeners 49 are placed against the face

  upper horizontal walls higher 31.

  The lower profile 32b rests, by its lower rim 34b on the upper flange 39d of the upper section 36d, thus defining a horizontal joining surface 43, which is traversed by bolts 50 which connect rigidly between them the lower section 32b and the upper section 36dde

  to form a composite beam 32b + 36d.

  The height of this composite beam 32b + 36d is such that it is able to withstand alone, without excessive sagging, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall 30b and mobile and immobile overloads.

  can be installed on it.

  The mechanical strength of the composite beam 32b + 36d is such that the stays 41, such as those shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 9, can be removed, after bolting of the lower profile 32b and the upper profile 36d, without risk. to cause any deformation

in the frame of the building.

  Note in FIG. That the lower profile 33b is secured in the same way to the upper profile 37d, thus forming a composite beam 33b + 37d. Similarly, the lower profiles 32a and 36d are secured to each other and

  form a composite beam 32a + 36d.

  It has been indicated in FIG. 10, by a double arrow, the existence of a horizontal technical space 44b-d, between the upper face of the upper horizontal wall 31d, and the lower face of the lower horizontal wall 30b. This horizontal technical space 44b-d, which is provided between the building unit 25d and the building unit

  b which is superimposed on it, will be commented on by referring to

in FIG. 12.

  It will be seen better in this FIG. 12 that the height of this horizontal technical space 44b-d is smaller than that of space, horizontal technique 17b-d shown in FIG. 4 and much smaller than the horizontal technical space 17f- <shown in FIG. 5, and although the upper horizontal wall 31d shown in Figs. 10 and 12 is connected to the lower edges 38d of

  profiles 36d and 37d of the building unit

25d according to the invention.

  It is evident that between the building units 25a and 25c of FIG. 10, there is also a horizontal technical space 44a-c, not indicated on

  FIG. 10, and which does not call any other comment.

  Such horizontal technical spaces 44 are found in fact, in a building, between two

  units of construction 25 according to the invention, super-

posed (see Figs 8 and 9).

  Fig. 11, similar to FIG. 10, is a detailed view, with cutouts, of four building units 25a, 25b, 25c and 25d assembled according to another embodiment of the production method.

of buildings according to the invention.

  Spacers 51, provided with a lower rim 52 and an upper rim 53, both facing inwards, are used to join together the lower profile 32b and the upper profile 36d (as well as the lower profile 33b and the upper profile 37d, and the

  lower profile 32a with the upper profile 36c).

  In this manner, composite beams 32b + 51 + 36d, 33b + 51 + 37d and 32a + 51 + are formed

  36c, which have a high mechanical strength.

  The lower profile 32b is secured by bolts 50, by its lower edge 34d, to the upper flanges 53 of spacers 51, while the upper section 36d is secured by other bolts 50, by its upper flange.

  39d, at the lower edges 52 of these spaces

  51. These are spaced from each other so as to allow a water closet channel 23 to pass between them (not shown in FIG.

  FIG. 11 but visible in FIG. 13).

  This arrangement of the spacers 51 gives the composite beams such as the composite beam 33b + 51 + 37d the appearance of Vierendeel beams. It should also be noted that in

  the building units 25 shown in FIG.

  11 (as also in those shown in Figures 6, 7 and 10), each post 28 ends, downwards, at the same level as the lower edges 34 of the lower sections 32 and 33. Similarly, each amount 28 ends, upwards, at the same level as the upper edges 39 of the upper sections 36

and 37.

  In an assembly system such as that shown in FIG. 11, this means that the amounts 28a and 28c do not touch each other, any more than the amounts 28b and 28d. They are connected to one another by means of plates

metal 54.

  Figs. 12 and 13 are sectional views

  schematic and partial corresponding respectively

  10 and 11, in which units of

  25b and 25d are shown partially

  is lying. They show that it is possible, thanks to the various modes of execution of the method of

Z638181

  realization of buildings according to the invention to obtain, using the same building units 25b and

  d according to the invention, horizontal technical spaces

  zontals 44b-d of small height (Fig. 12) but also

  1), in a simple manner, thanks to the use of spacers 51. To illustrate this possibility, it is shown in FIG. 13, in the horizontal technical space 44b-d, a heating installation

radiation 24.

R E V E N D IC AT IONS

  1.- Building unit (25) prefabricated for the realization of buildings, formed of a lower part and an upper part, whose lower part has a lower horizontal wall (30) possibly carrying overloads, worn herself- even by a lower frame (26) consisting of four sections (32, 33) parallel in pairs and whose upper part has an upper horizontal wall (31) carried by an upper frame (27) consisting of four sections (36, 37 ) parallel two by two, the lower frames (26) and upper (27) being interconnected by means of four uprights (28) having a V-shaped section, so as to constitute a structure affecting the shape of a parallelepiped rectangle whose vertical edges are formed by the edges of the uprights (28), characterized in that at least two of the sections (32, 33), parallel to each other, which make up the lower frame (26) have a r less than the mechanical strength required to enable them to withstand the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall (30) and its possible overloads. 2.Unite construction (25) according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises means for reinforcing said at least two profiles (32, 33), able to prevent, during the suspension of the unit of construction (25), any

damaging deformation.

  3. Construction unit (25) according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for reinforcing said at least two profiles (32, 33) consist of stays (41) each fixed by one of their ends to one of said at least two profiles (32, 33) and the other of their ends at a point of the upper part of the building unit (25). 4. Construction unit (251 according to claim 3, characterized in that each stay (41) is fixed by one of its ends to a point of the

upper frame (27).

  5. Construction unit (25) according to claim 3, characterized in that each stay (41) is fixed by one of its ends to a point

amount (28).

  6.- Construction unit (25) following one

  any of the preceding claims, characterized

  in that the lower horizontal wall (30) is

  formed of several concrete slabs juxtaposed.

  7.- Construction unit (25) following one

  any of the preceding claims, characterized

  in that the sections (32, 33) which make up the lower frame (26) are large metal plates arranged along the lateral faces of the rectangle paralelipip and are provided with a lower rim (34) and an upper rim (35). ) turned towards the inside of the constrction unit (25) and that the profiles (36, 37) which make up the upper frame (27) are large metal plates arranged along the lateral faces of the rectangular parallelepiped and are provided with a lower rim (38) and a top rim

  (39) facing inward of the building unit

tion (25).

  8. Construction unit (25) according to claim 7, characterized in that the upper horizontal wall (31) is connected to the lower flanges (38) of the profiles (36, 37) which comprise

the upper frame (27).

  9.- A method of constructing buildings in which is carried out in the workshop, prefabricated building units (25) each formed of a lower portion and an upper portion, the lower portion comprises a lower horizontal wall (30) which can possibly carrying overloads, carried itself by a lower frame (26) consisting of four sections (32, 33) parallel two by two and

  whose upper part has a horizontal wall

  upper tale (31) carried by an upper frame (27) consisting of four sections (36, 37) parallel in pairs, the lower (26) and upper (27) frames being interconnected by means of four uprights (28) having a V-shaped cross-section, so as to constitute a structure affecting the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped whose vertical edges are constituted by the edges of the uprights (28), they are transported on site and they are juxtaposed and superimposed by putting them in place thanks to a handling machine, characterized in that: one carries out the lower frame (26) of each unit (25) by means of profiles (32, 33) of which at least two

  (32), parallel to each other, have a mechanical resistance

  less than that which would be necessary so that, during the suspension of the building unit (25) alone, without damaging deformation, the dead weight of the lower horizontal wall (30) and its possible overloads can be supported;

  - before lifting, each unit of

  truction (25) of reinforcement means adapted to avoid such deformations;

  - we carry on. site each unit of cons-

  truction (25) provided with reinforcing means; - They are put in place thanks to the handling machine that captures them by their upper part, and by juxtaposing and superimposing them; the lower frame (26) of each building unit (25) is secured to the upper frame (27) of another building unit (25) to which it is superimposed, and this by rigidly connecting each of the profiles (32, 33) which

  comprise the lower frame (26) of the unit of con-

  truction (25) that is put in place with the profile

  (36, 37) of upper frame (27) to which it is super-

  laying, so that a set of two sections (32, 36; 33, 37) connected form a compound beam (32 + 36; 33 + 37) having a sufficient mechanical strength to support the dead weight of the horizontal wall

  lower (30) and its possible overloads.

  10. A method of constructing buildings according to claim 9, characterized in that said reinforcement means said at least two profiles (32, 33) of the stays (41) which are each fixed by one of their ends to one of said at least two sections (32, 33) and the other of their ends to a point of the upper part of

the building unit (25).

  11. A method of constructing buildings according to claim 10, characterized in that each fixed stay (41) is fixed by one end to a

point of the upper frame (27).

  12. A method of constructing buildings according to claim 10, characterized in that each fixed stay (41) is fixed by one end to a

point of an amount (28).

  13.- Building construction method

  according to any one of claims 9 to 12,

  characterized in that the reinforcing means are removed after joining of the profiles (32, 33) of the lower frame (26) of a building unit (25) which is put in place with the profiles (32, 33). ) of the senior manager (27) of another

  unit of construction (25) to which it is super-

  asked. 14.- Method of constructing buildings

  according to any one of claims 9 to 13,

  characterized in that the lower frame (26) is secured to a building unit (25) which is put in place with the upper frame (27) of another building unit (25) to which it is attached. superimposes directly connecting to each other each of the profiles (32, 33) which compose the lower frame (26) of the building unit (25) which is put in place with the profile (36, 37) of senior manager (27)

to which it is superimposed.

  15.- Method for constructing buildings

  according to any one of claims 9 to 13,

  characterized in that the lower frame (26) is secured to a building unit (25) which is put in place with the upper frame (27) of another building unit (25) to which one the

  overlap by connecting one to the other, through

  of spacers (51), each of the profiles (32, 33) which make up the lower frame (26) of the building unit (25) which is put in place with the profile (36, 37) senior manager

to which it is superimposed.

  16.- Building whose shell is formed,

  at least in part, by assembling units of consis-

  truction (25) juxtaposed and / or superimposed, in accordance

  in any one of claims 1 to 8.