FR2996571A1 - Prefabricated construction element for erecting e.g. outer wall of apartment building, has bricks or stones and lintels including plates, which form outer and inner walls and are connected by insulating material - Google Patents

Prefabricated construction element for erecting e.g. outer wall of apartment building, has bricks or stones and lintels including plates, which form outer and inner walls and are connected by insulating material Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2996571A1
FR2996571A1 FR1202694A FR1202694A FR2996571A1 FR 2996571 A1 FR2996571 A1 FR 2996571A1 FR 1202694 A FR1202694 A FR 1202694A FR 1202694 A FR1202694 A FR 1202694A FR 2996571 A1 FR2996571 A1 FR 2996571A1
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building elements
elements according
plates
insulating
concrete
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FR1202694A
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French (fr)
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Daniel Pierre Marcel Tissot
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/392Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for ventilating, heating or cooling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The element has bricks or stones and lintels including plates (1, 3) forming outer and inner walls of a thermally insulated building. The plates are connected by an insulating material (2). Outer surfaces of the insulating material include an offset compared to outer surfaces of the plates equal to a half of a thickness required for connection of the plates. The plates and the reinforcement are reinforced by a framework of metal reinforcement. Insulating chains of slabs are obtained by the element cut in a length direction.

Description

La présente invention concerne des éléments de construction préfabriqués (deux types de parpaings ou moellons (un standard et un d'angle) et un linteau, isolés thermiquement), permettant d'ériger des murs de bâtiments. La construction d'un étage de bâtiments isolés thermiquement se fait traditionnellement par : Assemblage des parpaings ou moellons préfabriqués non isolés, réglés de niveau un à un avec du mortier. Coffrage et coulage les linteaux au-dessus des ouvertures (fenêtres et portes, etc..). Mise en place de la dalle avec poutres et ourdis préfabriqués. Ferraillage et coulage de la dalle avec du béton.The present invention relates to prefabricated building elements (two types of blocks or rubble (a standard and a corner) and a lintel, thermally insulated) for erecting walls of buildings. The construction of a floor of thermally insulated buildings is traditionally done by: Assembling non-insulated prefabricated building blocks or stones, adjusted one by one with mortar. Formwork and pouring lintels over openings (windows and doors, etc.). Installation of the slab with beams and prefabricated warp. Reinforcement and pouring of the slab with concrete.

Mise en place de l'isolation et des réseaux électriques, eaux, gaz, ventilation etc... Montage des cloisons de doublage intérieur. Mise en place d'un enduit sur les faces intérieures et ponçage des surfaces Mise en place de revêtements muraux ou peinture. Crépissage des faces extérieures.Installation of insulation and electrical networks, water, gas, ventilation, etc. Installation of internal lining partitions. Placing of a coating on the inner faces and sanding of the surfaces Setting up of wall coverings or painting. Plastering of the outer faces.

Le procédé suivant l'invention permet d'obtenir un mur isolant complet, par le simple empilage des parpaings ou moellons et linteaux isolants de l'invention. Les dessins annexés illustrent les trois éléments de l'invention : La figure 1 représente en perspective le parpaing standard isolant. La figure 2 représente en perspective le parpaing d'angle isolant.The method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a complete insulating wall by simply stacking the blocks or rubble and insulating lintels of the invention. The accompanying drawings illustrate the three elements of the invention: FIG. 1 represents in perspective the standard insulating block. Figure 2 shows in perspective the block of insulating angle.

La figure 3 représente en coupe le linteau isolant. Les parpaings ou moellons et linteaux isolants de l'invention (illustrés par les figures 1 ,2 et 3 annexées) sont composés : D'une plaque (1) (formant la face extérieure du bâtiment) qui peut être en : béton - béton cellulaire - brique pleine ou creuse - bois plâtre - pierre - dalle décorée - PVC - verre - métal ou autre. D'une plaque (3) (formant la face intérieure du bâtiment) qui peut être en : béton - béton cellulaire - brique pleine ou creuse - bois - plâtre - pierre - dalle décorée - PVC - verre - métal ou autre. D'une matière isolante (2) reliant les plaques (1) et (3) qui peut être en : polystyrène - fibre - liège ou tout autre matériau isolant.Figure 3 shows in section the insulating lintel. The blocks or rubble and insulating lintels of the invention (illustrated by Figures 1, 2 and 3 attached) are composed of: A plate (1) (forming the outer face of the building) which can be in: concrete - aerated concrete - solid or hollow brick - plaster wood - stone - decorated slab - PVC - glass - metal or other. A plate (3) (forming the inside of the building) that can be: concrete - cellular concrete - solid or hollow brick - wood - plaster - stone - decorated slab - PVC - glass - metal or other. An insulating material (2) connecting the plates (1) and (3) which may be of: polystyrene - fiber - cork or any other insulating material.

Les parpaings ou moellons de l'invention comportent au moins une alvéole (4) placée dans la partie isolante (2). Les trois éléments (1), (2) et (3) peuvent être reliés et renforcés par une armature métallique (exemple (a) d'armature sur la figure (3)). Les éléments de l'invention sont assemblés par collage avec du mortier colle, des parties isolantes entre elles (la conception des éléments présente un décalage entre les faces extérieures des plaques (1) et (3) et les faces extérieures de l'isolant (2)). Ce décalage correspond à une demi-fois l'épaisseur minimum nécessaire pour le collage. - 2 - La mise en place des éléments se fait par simple empilage des plaques (1) et (3) les unes sur les autres, sur une base parfaitement de niveau ou sur la première rangée de parpaings, réglée de niveau sur 40 la base de la construction. (La liaison entre les éléments de l'invention se faisant uniquement par collage des parties isolantes entre elles avec du mortier colle). L'alignement des parpaings se faisant avec un gabarit de centrage glissé dans les alvéoles (4). Les alvéoles (4) des parpaings (assemblés décalés d'une demi-longueur d'un rang par rapport à l'autre) créent des « cheminées » qui serviront aux passages des gaines pour les réseaux électriques-gaz- 45 eaux-ventilation ou autres, etc... Ces « cheminées »recevront également les ferraillages et seront remplies de béton vibré, ce qui constituera des piliers béton qui assureront la solidité de la structure. Les ferraillages des « cheminées », situées au-dessus des linteaux, seront accrochés au ferraillage (a)de ceux-ci et aux ferraillages du chainage de la dalle supérieure, ce qui créera après coulage du béton vibré un 50 « linteau treillis » particulièrement résistant, permettant d'avoir des portées d'ouverture importantes. Le remplissage des « cheminées » des murs se fera séparément ou en même temps que le coulage de la dalle supérieur et de son chainage. La section des alvéoles (4) peut être : rectangulaire, circulaire ou de toute autre forme. Les alvéoles (5) faciliteront la coupe des parpaings en deux parties.The blocks or rubble stones of the invention comprise at least one cell (4) placed in the insulating part (2). The three elements (1), (2) and (3) can be connected and reinforced by a metal frame (example (a) of reinforcement in Figure (3)). The elements of the invention are assembled by bonding with adhesive mortar, insulating parts between them (the design of the elements has a gap between the outer faces of the plates (1) and (3) and the outer faces of the insulation ( 2)). This offset corresponds to half the minimum thickness required for bonding. - 2 - The elements are placed simply by stacking the plates (1) and (3) one on the other, on a perfectly level base or on the first row of blocks, adjusted level to the base 40 construction. (The connection between the elements of the invention being done only by bonding the insulating parts together with adhesive mortar). The alignment of the blocks is done with a centering template slid into the cells (4). The cells (4) of the blocks (assembled offset by half a length of one row relative to the other) create "chimneys" which will be used for the passage of the ducts for the electric-gas-45 water-ventilation networks or others, etc ... These "chimneys" will also receive the reinforcement and will be filled with vibrated concrete, which will constitute concrete pillars which will ensure the solidity of the structure. The reinforcement of the "chimneys", located above the lintels, will be hooked to the reinforcement (a) of them and to the reinforcement of the chaining of the upper slab, which will create after casting of the vibrated concrete a 50 "lattice lintel" particularly resistant, allowing to have large opening ranges. The filling of the "chimneys" of the walls will be done separately or at the same time as the pouring of the upper slab and its chaining. The section of the cells (4) can be: rectangular, circular or any other form. The cells (5) will facilitate the cutting of the blocks in two parts.

55 Les éléments Figures 1,2 et 3, pourront être également coupés dans le sens de la longueur pour la réalisation du chainage isolant des dalles. Ce qui minimise les ponts thermiques. Les largeurs des ouvertures des murs seront de préférence égales à un multiple de la longueur des parpaings isolés pour la conservation de l'intégralité des « cheminées ». Les largeurs différentes des ouvertures seront obtenues par coulage de jambages verticaux. Les battues verticales des ouvertures 60 seront obtenues soit par coulage de jambages soit par crépissage. MODE OPERATOIRE D'UNE CONSTRUCTION AVEC LES PARPAINGS ISOLES DE L'INVENTION Couler les fondations ou la dalle inférieure de préférence parfaitement de niveau Si la base n'est pas parfaitement de niveau, mettre en place le premier rang de parpaings de façon 65 traditionnelle. Calage de niveau et alignés sur une couche de mortier ciment avec les moyens habituels (niveau - règle - laser - cordeau etc..) ou mise en place avec du mortier colle entre l'isolant et la base et calage de niveau avec des coins de réglage. Percer des trous au travers des alvéoles (4) pour l'ancrage des ferraillages des cheminées dans la dalle inférieure.The elements Figures 1, 2 and 3 may also be cut along the length direction for the realization of the insulating chaining of the slabs. This minimizes thermal bridges. The widths of the openings of the walls will preferably be equal to a multiple of the length of the isolated blocks for the conservation of the entirety of the "chimneys". The different widths of the openings will be obtained by pouring vertical jambs. The vertical casts of the openings 60 will be obtained either by pouring jambs or by plastering. OPERATIVE MODE OF A CONSTRUCTION WITH THE ISOLATED PARPAINGS OF THE INVENTION Pour the foundations or the lower slab preferably perfectly level If the base is not perfectly level, set up the first row of blocks in a traditional way 65. Level setting and aligned on a layer of cement mortar with the usual means (level - ruler - laser - chalk etc ..) or setting up with mortar glue between the insulation and the base and level setting with wedges setting. Drill holes through the cells (4) to anchor the reinforcement of the chimneys in the lower slab.

70 Monter les autres rangées par empilage, collage et centrage avec l'outil gabarit. Mise en place des linteaux préfabriqués au-dessus des portes et des fenêtres et étayage des linteaux. Montage des parpaings jusqu'au niveau de la dalle ou des solivages. Mise en place de la dalle (poutrelles préfabriquées, ourdis et ferraillage) et étayage. - 3 - 75 Le chaînage de la dalle peut être réalisé avec les éléments figures 1,2et3, coupés dans le sens de la longueur. Ferraillage de la dalle et de son chaînage. Mise en place des réseaux électriques, eaux, gaz, ventilation au travers : des« cheminées « des murs, des ferraillages du chainage de dalle et de la dalle.70 Fit the other rows by stacking, gluing and centering with the template tool. Installation of prefabricated lintels above doors and windows and shoring lintels. Assembly of the blocks up to the level of the slab or joist. Installation of the slab (prefabricated beams, weaves and reinforcement) and shoring. - 3 - 75 The chaining of the slab can be achieved with the elements Figures 1,2 and 3, cut in the direction of the length. Reinforcement of the slab and its chaining. Establishment of electrical networks, water, gas, ventilation through: "chimneys" of the walls, reinforcement of the chaining slab and slab.

80 Ferraillage verticale des cheminées des murs et liaison de ces ferrailles avec celles du chaînage de la dalle. Coulage du béton dans les cheminées des murs et de la dalle supérieure. Certaines « cheminées » peuvent être gardées vide pour le passage ultérieur de réseaux.80 Vertical reinforcement of the chimneys of the walls and connection of these scrap with those of the chaining of the slab. Pouring concrete into the chimneys of the walls and the upper slab. Some "chimneys" can be kept empty for the subsequent passage of networks.

85 Suivant la qualité de finition des faces extérieures des plaques (1) et (3) : Les façades extérieures des murs pourront rester brute ou être revêtues de peinture, crépi ou autre. Les faces intérieures des murs pourront rester brutes ou être revêtues de plâtre -de plaque de plâtre -de papiers peints -ou autres ou de tous autres bardages ou parement (bois- PVC -tissu-etc.) 90 Le procédé selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné à la construction des murs isolants des bâtiments d'habitation.85 Depending on the finish quality of the outer faces of the plates (1) and (3): The outer walls of the walls may remain rough or be coated with paint, plaster or other. The inner faces of the walls may remain rough or be coated with plaster-plasterboard -wallpapers -or others or any other cladding or siding (wood-PVC-fabric-etc.) 90 The method according to the invention is particularly intended for the construction of the insulating walls of residential buildings.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1) Eléments de construction préfabriqués permettant d'ériger des murs de bâtiments, complets isolés thermiquement caractérisés en ce que les parpaings ou moellons (un standard et un d'angle) ainsi que te linteau comportent une plaque (1) et une plaque (3) formant respectivement la face extérieure et intérieur des murs. Ces plaques étant reliées entre elles par une matière isolante (2)CLAIMS1) Prefabricated building elements for erecting walls of buildings, complete thermally insulated characterized in that the blocks or rubble (a standard and an angle) and the lintel include a plate (1) and a plate (3). ) respectively forming the outer and inner faces of the walls. These plates being interconnected by an insulating material (2) 2) Eléments de construction selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage des éléments est fait par collage avec du mortier colle, des parties isolantes(2) entre elles et simple appui des plaques (1) et (3) les unes sur les autres. Les faces extérieures des parties isolantes (2) présentant un décalage par rapport aux faces extérieures des plaques (1) et (3) égal à une demi fois l'épaisseur nécessaire pour le collage.2) Building elements according to claim 1 characterized in that the assembly of the elements is made by gluing with adhesive mortar, insulating parts (2) between them and simple support plates (1) and (3) one on others. The outer faces of the insulating parts (2) having an offset from the outer faces of the plates (1) and (3) equal to half the thickness required for bonding. 3) Eléments de construction selon les revendications let 2 caractérisés en ce que l'empilage des éléments (décalés d'une demi longueur entre chaque rangée) crée des « cheminées » (par superposition des alvéoles (4)), dans lesquelles seront passées les gaines des réseaux (électriques -gaz -eaux ventilation- etc..) ainsi que les ferraillages et qui seront remplies de béton vibré, créant des piliers de béton armé.3) Building elements according to claims let 2 characterized in that the stack of elements (offset by half a length between each row) creates "chimneys" (by superposition of the cells (4)), in which will be passed the sheaths of the networks (electrical -gas-ventilation-tanks etc.) as well as the reinforcement and which will be filled with vibrated concrete, creating pillars of reinforced concrete. 4) Eléments de constructions selon les revendications 1 et 2 caractérisés en ce que l'assemblage des éléments se fait par simple empilage de ceux-ci sur une base de niveau (fondation ou dalle inférieure). L'alignement des éléments se faisant avec un gabarit de centrage positionné dans les alvéoles (4).4) Building elements according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the assembly of the elements is by simply stacking them on a base level (foundation or lower slab). The alignment of the elements is done with a centering jig positioned in the cells (4). 5) Eléments de construction selon la revendication 1 caractérisés en ce que les chainages isolants des dalles peuvent être obtenus avec les éléments coupés dans le sens de la longueur. Ce qui minimise les ponts thermiques.5) Building elements according to claim 1 characterized in that the insulating cleats slabs can be obtained with the cut elements in the direction of the length. This minimizes thermal bridges. 6) Eléments de construction selon les revendications 1 et 3 caractérisés en ce que le coulage des « cheminées » situées au-dessus des linteaux forme avec le chainage de la dalle supérieure des « linteaux-treillis » particulièrement résistant permettant des portées d'ouverture importantes.6) Building elements according to claims 1 and 3 characterized in that the casting of "chimneys" located above the lintels forms with the chaining of the upper slab of "lintel-lattice" particularly resistant allowing large opening spans . 7) Eléments de construction selon les revendications 1 et 3 caractérisés en ce que le coulage du béton des « cheminées » peut se faire en même temps que le coulage du béton de la dalle et de son chainage ou séparément,7) Building elements according to claims 1 and 3 characterized in that the pouring of the concrete "chimneys" can be done simultaneously with the pouring of concrete slab and its chainage or separately, 8) Eléments de construction selon la revendication 1 caractérisés en ce que les composants (1) (2) et (3) peuvent être renforcés par une ossature de ferraillage (a).8) Building elements according to claim 1 characterized in that the components (1) (2) and (3) can be reinforced by a reinforcement frame (a). 9) Eléments de construction selon la revendication 1 caractérisés en ce que, selon la qualité de finition des composants (1) et (3), les faces intérieures et extérieures des murs obtenus peuvent soit : rester brut ou recevoir tout type de crépissage enduit - peinture ou parement de finition.- 5 -9) Building elements according to claim 1 characterized in that, depending on the quality of finish components (1) and (3), the inner and outer faces of the walls obtained can either: remain raw or receive any type of plaster coating - paint or finishing coating. 10) Mur construit à partir d'éléments de construction tel que définis à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 910) Wall constructed from building elements as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9
FR1202694A 2012-10-09 2012-10-09 Prefabricated construction element for erecting e.g. outer wall of apartment building, has bricks or stones and lintels including plates, which form outer and inner walls and are connected by insulating material Pending FR2996571A1 (en)

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FR1202694A FR2996571A1 (en) 2012-10-09 2012-10-09 Prefabricated construction element for erecting e.g. outer wall of apartment building, has bricks or stones and lintels including plates, which form outer and inner walls and are connected by insulating material

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FR1202694A FR2996571A1 (en) 2012-10-09 2012-10-09 Prefabricated construction element for erecting e.g. outer wall of apartment building, has bricks or stones and lintels including plates, which form outer and inner walls and are connected by insulating material

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108149833A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-06-12 明仲平 The heat preservation spill wall body brick built by laying bricks or stones without mortar and apply its heat-insulating wall

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2138015A (en) * 1935-10-23 1938-11-29 Vern A Barnhart Building unit
US4038798A (en) * 1975-03-05 1977-08-02 U-Forms International, Inc. Composite permanent block-form for reinforced concrete construction and method of making same

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2138015A (en) * 1935-10-23 1938-11-29 Vern A Barnhart Building unit
US4038798A (en) * 1975-03-05 1977-08-02 U-Forms International, Inc. Composite permanent block-form for reinforced concrete construction and method of making same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108149833A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-06-12 明仲平 The heat preservation spill wall body brick built by laying bricks or stones without mortar and apply its heat-insulating wall

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