FR2572439A1 - Method of construction, as well as permanent form work, building and roofing resulting from the implementation of this method - Google Patents
Method of construction, as well as permanent form work, building and roofing resulting from the implementation of this method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2572439A1 FR2572439A1 FR8416484A FR8416484A FR2572439A1 FR 2572439 A1 FR2572439 A1 FR 2572439A1 FR 8416484 A FR8416484 A FR 8416484A FR 8416484 A FR8416484 A FR 8416484A FR 2572439 A1 FR2572439 A1 FR 2572439A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- walls
- concrete
- building
- pouring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2002/8682—Mixed technique using permanent and reusable forms
Abstract
Description
En raison de leurs propriétés bien connues, les plaques ondtJIées en amiante-eiment, en mit i ère plastique renforcée ou matériau similaire, connaissent un grand succès lorsqu'il s'agit d'effectuer des travaux de couverture et de bardage à prix réduit. Owing to their well-known properties, sheets made of asbestos-asbestos, of reinforced plastic or similar material, are very successful when it comes to roofing and cladding work at a reduced price.
Leur fragilité empêche cependant de les utiliser comme toiture dans les régions où se produisent de fortes chutes de neige, ou de leur faire jouer le rôle de mur porteur. Par ailleurs, leur mode de réunion les rend sensibles à l'arrachement par le vent, ce qui en interdit l'usage dans les régions sujettes à cyclones, et un mur constitué de telles plaques n'est ni étanche à l'air, ni à la vapeur d'eau, ni à la neige poudreuse. Enfin, l'isolation thermique ou phonique offerte par de telles plaques est quasiment nulle. Their fragility, however, prevents them from being used as roofing in regions where heavy snowfall occurs, or from making them play the role of load-bearing wall. In addition, their mode of assembly makes them sensitive to tearing away by the wind, which prohibits their use in regions subject to cyclones, and a wall made up of such plates is neither airtight, nor with steam or powdery snow. Finally, the thermal or sound insulation offered by such plates is almost zero.
La présente invention a pour but d'apporter un procédé de construction qui, tout en utilisant des plaques ondulées du type précité, élimine leurs inconvénients. The present invention aims to provide a construction method which, while using corrugated sheets of the aforementioned type, eliminates their drawbacks.
Plus précisément, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de construction d'un bâtiment ayant des murs extérieurs à parement externe en plaques ondulées d'amiante-ciment, matière plastique renforcée, ou matériau similaire, qui est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à préfabriquer un coffrage perdu à partir desdites plaques en revêtant la face interne de ces dernières d'une matière isolante, tout en noyant partiellement dans ladite matière isolante une armature métallique saillant à l'extérieur de ladite matière isolante, à monter un coffrage récupérable en vis-à-vis du coffrage perdu à une distance correspondant à l'épaisseur voulue pour le coulage de béton et à couler le béton entre les deux coffrages. More specifically, the subject of the invention is a method of constructing a building having external walls with external facing in corrugated sheets of asbestos cement, reinforced plastic material, or similar material, which is characterized in that it consists prefabricating a lost formwork from said plates by coating the internal face of the latter with an insulating material, while partially embedding in said insulating material a metal frame projecting outside said insulating material, mounting a formwork recoverable in vis-à-vis the formwork lost at a distance corresponding to the thickness desired for pouring concrete and pouring the concrete between the two forms.
Ce procédé permet d'utiliser les plaques ondulées à la fois comme parement externe du bâtiment et comme coffrage -perdu. De cette manière, les plaques ondulées font partie intégrante de murs porteurs, à la différence de ltart antérieur où elles étaient utilisées uniquement comme bardage. This process allows the corrugated sheets to be used both as an external facing of the building and as a lost formwork. In this way, the corrugated sheets are an integral part of load-bearing walls, unlike the prior art where they were used only as cladding.
De préférence, le procédé selon l'invention consiste à monter le coffrage des murs externes d'un ou plusieurs niveaux de bâtiment et à couler le béton dans ledit coffrage par tranches horizontales, pour réaliser simultanément lesdits murs externes. Preferably, the method according to the invention consists in mounting the formwork of the external walls of one or more building levels and pouring the concrete into said formwork in horizontal sections, to simultaneously produce said external walls.
De cette manière, on obtient une structure "monolithique" qui garantit la'cohésion et l'étanchéité du bâtiment. In this way, a "monolithic" structure is obtained which guarantees the building's cohesion and tightness.
De préférence, et dans le même but, les murs internes du bâtiment sont coulés simultanément.Preferably, and for the same purpose, the internal walls of the building are poured simultaneously.
De préférence encorc, 1 'armature métallique possède une structure définissant des pyramides combinées alternativement pointe en haut, pointe en bas, c'est-à-dire une structure dont les éléments ne sont soumis qu'à des efforts de compression et de traction. Preferably still, the metal frame has a structure defining pyramids combined alternately point up, point down, that is to say a structure whose elements are only subjected to compressive and tensile forces.
Dans un mode de mise en oeuvre préféré, le coffrage récupérable est immobilisé à l'aide de tire-fonds qui viennent en prise avec la partie saillante de l'armature. In a preferred embodiment, the recoverable formwork is immobilized using lag screws which come into engagement with the projecting part of the frame.
On comprend que, par rapport à des murs préfabriqués en béton armé, le coffrage perdu selon l'invention est beaucoup moins lourd avec les avantages économiques qui en découlent sur le plan de leur transport, et que les risques d'accident s'en trouvent réduits. Par ailleurs, le coulage in situ du béton complémentaire aboutit à un "monolithisme" du bâtiment que n'offrent évidemment pas les murs préfabriqués en béton armé. Ce coulage in situ est une opération ne demandant pas une technicité particulière, alors que l'opération plus délicate de préparation du coffrage perdu peut être faite par du personnel plus qualifié en usine. Les plaques utilisées ont une hauteur qui correspond à ia hauteur totale du bâtiment et les ouvertures pour portes et fenêtres seront pratiquées en usine, lors dc préfabrication du coffrage perdu. It is understood that, compared with prefabricated reinforced concrete walls, the lost formwork according to the invention is much lighter with the economic advantages which result from this in terms of their transport, and that the risk of accident is thereby found. reduced. In addition, the in situ pouring of the additional concrete results in a "monolithism" of the building which obviously does not come with prefabricated reinforced concrete walls. This in situ casting is an operation that does not require any particular technicality, while the more delicate operation of preparing the lost formwork can be done by more qualified personnel in the factory. The plates used have a height which corresponds to the total height of the building and the openings for doors and windows will be made in the factory, during prefabrication of the lost formwork.
Lorsque le procédé est appliqué à la réalisation de murs d'un niveau inférieur séparé d'un niveau supérieur par une dalle de plancher, on coule le béton dans le coffrage des murs du niveau inférieur jusqu'à une hauteur inférieure à celle de la dalle de plancher, puis on coule simultanément la dalle de plancher et la hauteur restante des murs du niveau inférieur. When the process is applied to the production of walls of a lower level separated from an upper level by a floor slab, the concrete is poured into the formwork of the walls of the lower level to a height lower than that of the slab of floor, then simultaneously pouring the floor slab and the remaining height of the walls of the lower level.
Cette technique a pour but d'assureur l'ancrage de la dalle de plancher dans la partie supérieure des murs verticaux du niveau inférieur. The purpose of this technique is to ensure the anchoring of the floor slab in the upper part of the vertical walls of the lower level.
De préférence, la dalle de plancher est armée d'une armature métallique telle que décrite plus haut, saillant vers le bas hors de la dalle de plancher, et la partie saillante de l'armature supporte le plafond du niveau inférieur. Preferably, the floor slab is armed with a metal frame as described above, projecting downwards out of the floor slab, and the projecting part of the frame supports the ceiling of the lower level.
Il va de soi que l'invention entend couvrir, non seulement le procédé de construction décrit, mais encore le coffrage perdu et les bâtiments issus de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. It goes without saying that the invention intends to cover not only the construction process described, but also the lost formwork and the buildings resulting from the implementation of this process.
Une forme d'exécution de l'invention est décrite ci-après en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe verticale partielle d'un bâtiment selon 1-' invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe horizontale d'un bâtiment selon l'invention, et
- la figure 3 est une vue de détail montrant, en coupe verticale, la zone de réunion entre un mur extérieur et le toit du bâtiment.An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a partial vertical section view of a building according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a view in horizontal section of a building according to the invention, and
- Figure 3 is a detail view showing, in vertical section, the meeting area between an exterior wall and the roof of the building.
Si l'on se réfère à la figure 1, on voit une partie de bâtiment comprenant de bas en haut une cave ou un vide sanitaire 1, un rez-de-chaussée 2 et un premier étage 3. Les murs extérieurs du bâtiment sont constitués d'une plaque ondulée 4, par exemple en amiante-ciment, d'une couche de matière isolante 5 et d'une couche de béton 6. On voit qu une armature 7 est noyée pour partie dans la matière isolante 5 et pour partie dans le béton 6. If we refer to Figure 1, we see a part of the building comprising from bottom to top a cellar or a crawlspace 1, a ground floor 2 and a first floor 3. The exterior walls of the building are made up a corrugated plate 4, for example made of asbestos-cement, a layer of insulating material 5 and a layer of concrete 6. It can be seen that a reinforcement 7 is partly embedded in the insulating material 5 and partly in concrete 6.
La fabrication de ce mur extérieur ressort plus clairement de la figure 3. The fabrication of this exterior wall is more clearly shown in FIG. 3.
Comme on le voit, la matière isolante 5 qui garnit la plaque 4 est en fait composée d'une couche de mousse centrale 5' comprise entre deux couches de mousse 5" densifiées à pores fermés. Ces couches -extérieures 5" assurent, côté exterieur, l'étanchéité à l'air, à l'eau et à la neige (et à la vapeur dans le cas d'installati8ns frigorifiques) et, côté intérieur, pendant la fabrication, l'étanchéité à l'eau de gâchage du béton puis ultérieure- ment, l'étanchéité à la vapeur d'eau. L'armature métallique 7 est composée de barres parallèles réunies entre elles par une structure en pyramide alternativement pointe en haut et pointe en bas. L'ensemble formé par la plaque 4, sa couche isolante 5 et son armature 7 est préfabriqué en usine.Pour la construction d'un mur vertical, cet ensemble est utilisé comme coffrage perdu en vis-à-vis d'un coffrage récupérable 8 constitué de plaques 8a, 8b susceptibles d'être montées les unes au-dessus des autres. A cette fin, il y a chevauchement entre l'extrémité supérieure de la plaque 8a et llextrémité inférieure de la plaque 8b et un dispositif d'ancrage traverse les deux plaques. Ce dispositif d'ancrage est constitué par une pièce 9 présentant un crochet susceptible de venir en prise avec l'armature 7 et un trou borgne fileté, adapté à recevoir une vis 10. Comme cela est classique, les éléments de coffrage récupérables tels que 8a et 8b ne sont mis en place qu'au fur et à mesure- des besoins, c'est-à-dire, par exemple que l'élément 8b est réuni à l'élément 8a après que le béton ait été coulé jusqu'à la hauteur h. As can be seen, the insulating material 5 which lines the plate 4 is in fact composed of a layer of central foam 5 ′ comprised between two layers of foam 5 "densified with closed pores. These exterior layers 5" ensure, on the exterior side , airtightness, water and snow tightness (and vapor tightness in the case of refrigeration installations) and, on the interior side, during manufacturing, the waterproofing water for mixing concrete then later, water vapor tightness. The metal frame 7 is composed of parallel bars joined together by a pyramid structure alternately point up and point down. The assembly formed by the plate 4, its insulating layer 5 and its reinforcement 7 is prefabricated in the factory. For the construction of a vertical wall, this assembly is used as lost formwork opposite a recoverable formwork 8 consisting of plates 8a, 8b capable of being mounted one above the other. To this end, there is an overlap between the upper end of the plate 8a and the lower end of the plate 8b and an anchoring device passes through the two plates. This anchoring device is constituted by a part 9 having a hook capable of coming into engagement with the frame 7 and a threaded blind hole, adapted to receive a screw 10. As is conventional, the recoverable formwork elements such as 8a and 8b are only put in place as and when required, that is to say, for example that the element 8b is joined to the element 8a after the concrete has been poured up the height h.
Lorsque le béton est pris, on dévisse les vis 10-ce qui permet d'enlever les éléments de coffrage tels que 8a et 8b et la pièce 9 reste à demeure dans le béton. When the concrete is set, the screws 10 are unscrewed, which makes it possible to remove the formwork elements such as 8a and 8b and the part 9 remains permanently in the concrete.
Il va de soi que, préalablement au coulage du béton, on peut mettre en place, dans le coffrage, un réseau de tubes de circulation d'eau ou toute autre installation de ce type qui sera noyé dans le béton une fois coulé. It goes without saying that, prior to pouring the concrete, it is possible to set up, in the formwork, a network of water circulation tubes or any other installation of this type which will be embedded in the concrete once poured.
Si l'on revient à la figure 1, on voit que le rez-de-chaussée 2 et le premier étage 3 sont séparés par une dalle de plancher 11. Cette dalle de plancher est armée par une armature 7 identique à celle armant les murs. Ainsi qu'il ressort de la figure, on interrompt le coulage du -béton du mur extérieur du rez-de-chaussée 2 au niveau h2 et on coule la dalle de béton en même temps que la partie restante dudit mur, ce pour assurer l'ancrage parfait de la dalle 11 dans le mur. Returning to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the ground floor 2 and the first floor 3 are separated by a floor slab 11. This floor slab is reinforced by a reinforcement 7 identical to that reinforcing the walls . As can be seen from the figure, the pouring of the concrete from the exterior wall of the ground floor 2 is interrupted at level h2 and the concrete slab is poured at the same time as the remaining part of the said wall, this to ensure the perfect anchoring of slab 11 in the wall.
On voit qu'un plafond 12 est fixé à l'armature 7 de la dalle de plancher 11 par l'intermédiaire de tasseaux 13. It can be seen that a ceiling 12 is fixed to the frame 7 of the floor slab 11 by means of cleats 13.
Si l'on se réfère à la figure 2, on voit que le bâtiment comporte des murs intérieurs 14 qui sont armés d'armatures 7 et qui ont été coulés en même temps que les murs extérieurs, toujours pour assurer le caractère monolithique du bâtiment. Les murs 14 sont constituées de deux voiles de béton 14a et 14b séparés par un espace 15 garni de matière isolante 16. If we refer to Figure 2, we see that the building has interior walls 14 which are reinforced with reinforcements 7 and which were poured at the same time as the exterior walls, always to ensure the monolithic character of the building. The walls 14 are made up of two concrete webs 14a and 14b separated by a space 15 filled with insulating material 16.
Si l'on revient aux figures 1 et 3, on voit que le toit est constitué d'une plaque ondulée supérieure 4b et d'une plaque ondulée inférieure 4c avec interposition entre elles d'une couche de matière isolante 5 se décomposant, comme précédemment, en une couche de mousse centrale 51 prise entre deux couches de mousse densifiées 5". Les plaques 4b et 4c sont réunies au mur vertical par un fer en U 17 dont l'âme entoure une partie horizontale de l'armature 7 comprise dans le béton et dont les ailes traversent les plaques 4c et 4b et sont boulonnées comme on le voit en 18. If we return to Figures 1 and 3, we see that the roof consists of an upper corrugated plate 4b and a lower corrugated plate 4c with interposition between them of a layer of insulating material 5 decomposing, as before , in a central foam layer 51 taken between two layers of densified foam 5 ". The plates 4b and 4c are joined to the vertical wall by a U-shaped iron 17 whose core surrounds a horizontal part of the frame 7 included in the concrete and whose wings cross the plates 4c and 4b and are bolted as seen in 18.
La référence 19 désigne un joint injecté in situ, la référence 31, un joint en neoprène ou matériau similaire, et la référence 20, une coupure de capillarité.Reference 19 designates a seal injected in situ, reference 31, a seal made of neoprene or similar material, and reference 20, a capillary break.
Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'est pas limitée à la forme d'exécution décrite et représentée et que des variantes et modifications peuvent y être faites sans sortir de la portée de l'invention. It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown and that variants and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8416484A FR2572439B1 (en) | 1984-10-29 | 1984-10-29 | CONSTRUCTION PROCESS, AS WELL AS LOST FORMWORK, BUILDING AND ROOFING ARISING FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8416484A FR2572439B1 (en) | 1984-10-29 | 1984-10-29 | CONSTRUCTION PROCESS, AS WELL AS LOST FORMWORK, BUILDING AND ROOFING ARISING FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2572439A1 true FR2572439A1 (en) | 1986-05-02 |
| FR2572439B1 FR2572439B1 (en) | 1987-02-06 |
Family
ID=9309068
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8416484A Expired FR2572439B1 (en) | 1984-10-29 | 1984-10-29 | CONSTRUCTION PROCESS, AS WELL AS LOST FORMWORK, BUILDING AND ROOFING ARISING FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2572439B1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2681362A1 (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-19 | Mena Farid | Method for the construction of a dwelling in kit form by injection of plastics |
| MD3237G2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-07-31 | Александру ДАМИАН | Process for structure wall erection |
| FR2925090A1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-19 | Robert Morel | Casing for realizing concrete structure of building, has connection units having two superposed rods with notches that are arranged opposite to one another so as to house reinforcement that form frame of structure |
| EP3795552A1 (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-24 | Thomas Zundel | Tight, stress-free concrete-steel connection |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2134533A1 (en) * | 1971-07-10 | 1973-02-08 | Clemens Eggersmann | EXTERIOR WALL TYPES |
| AT311623B (en) * | 1970-12-24 | 1973-11-26 | Franz Stockinger | Lost formwork for walls and ceilings |
| FR2264932A1 (en) * | 1974-03-22 | 1975-10-17 | Acra Diffusion | Method of building walls and roof - uses support girders for metal mesh, insulation and resistant layers and coating |
| FR2380384A1 (en) * | 1977-02-11 | 1978-09-08 | Petuaud Letang Michel | Building with lattice girder frame - has plaster sprayed onto panels which are fixed inside and outside of frame |
| GB2023215A (en) * | 1978-06-17 | 1979-12-28 | Luddington Enterprises Ltd | Walls, floors, roofs |
| FR2437473A1 (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1980-04-25 | Grosjean Claude | Composite exterior wall for building - has insulating panels and cast-in-situ concrete infill on wooden framework |
-
1984
- 1984-10-29 FR FR8416484A patent/FR2572439B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT311623B (en) * | 1970-12-24 | 1973-11-26 | Franz Stockinger | Lost formwork for walls and ceilings |
| DE2134533A1 (en) * | 1971-07-10 | 1973-02-08 | Clemens Eggersmann | EXTERIOR WALL TYPES |
| FR2264932A1 (en) * | 1974-03-22 | 1975-10-17 | Acra Diffusion | Method of building walls and roof - uses support girders for metal mesh, insulation and resistant layers and coating |
| FR2380384A1 (en) * | 1977-02-11 | 1978-09-08 | Petuaud Letang Michel | Building with lattice girder frame - has plaster sprayed onto panels which are fixed inside and outside of frame |
| GB2023215A (en) * | 1978-06-17 | 1979-12-28 | Luddington Enterprises Ltd | Walls, floors, roofs |
| FR2437473A1 (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1980-04-25 | Grosjean Claude | Composite exterior wall for building - has insulating panels and cast-in-situ concrete infill on wooden framework |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2681362A1 (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-19 | Mena Farid | Method for the construction of a dwelling in kit form by injection of plastics |
| MD3237G2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-07-31 | Александру ДАМИАН | Process for structure wall erection |
| FR2925090A1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-19 | Robert Morel | Casing for realizing concrete structure of building, has connection units having two superposed rods with notches that are arranged opposite to one another so as to house reinforcement that form frame of structure |
| EP3795552A1 (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-03-24 | Thomas Zundel | Tight, stress-free concrete-steel connection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2572439B1 (en) | 1987-02-06 |
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